Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRES-2015-P0001-0008
P. Jokar, M. Masoudi, Seyed Rashid, Fallah Shamsi, Seyed Fakhreddin Afzali
Ecotourism planning is a very complex activity since there are several aims, which should be achieved simultaneously, and a lot of components and elements, which must be considered. The goal of current study is to prepare a revised model for ecological capability evaluation for better planning management of centralized ecotourism and then comparing prepared methods, including, Makhdoum Ecological model (3 classes) using Boolean Logic and Revised Model (3 classes) using Geometric mean evaluation. Results showed that the revised method (3classes) using geometric mean evaluation is the better than Makhdoum model, due to more flexibility in classes. Although, the study area based on results is often suitable for extensive ecotourism compared to centralized Ecotourism.
{"title":"Developing a Model for Ecological Capability Evaluation of Ecotourism (A Case Study: Jahrom Township, Iran)","authors":"P. Jokar, M. Masoudi, Seyed Rashid, Fallah Shamsi, Seyed Fakhreddin Afzali","doi":"10.12983/IJSRES-2015-P0001-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRES-2015-P0001-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Ecotourism planning is a very complex activity since there are several aims, which should be achieved simultaneously, and a lot of components and elements, which must be considered. The goal of current study is to prepare a revised model for ecological capability evaluation for better planning management of centralized ecotourism and then comparing prepared methods, including, Makhdoum Ecological model (3 classes) using Boolean Logic and Revised Model (3 classes) using Geometric mean evaluation. Results showed that the revised method (3classes) using geometric mean evaluation is the better than Makhdoum model, due to more flexibility in classes. Although, the study area based on results is often suitable for extensive ecotourism compared to centralized Ecotourism.","PeriodicalId":14383,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Environmental Sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":"1-8"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81800998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRES-2015-P0023-0037
A. Vakili, S. Davoodi, Alireza Arab, M. Selamat
The treatment of a dispersive core soil can be achieved by mixing with lime and pozzolan, separately or simultaneously. On a dispersive soil treated with lime and pozzolan, experimental measurements of permeability were carried out with varying curing times and percentages of the additives. The results from these measurements were used in establishing an artificial neural network model meant to predict the permeability of more samples while being treated as carrying out laboratory measurements would be time consuming. Six parameters namely percentage passing of the 0.005 mm size (p), plasticity index (PI), maximum dry density (MDD), lime percentage (L), pozzolan percentage (pp), and curing time (t) were the inputs to the model while the output was permeability value. The prediction performances of various neural network models were evaluated using statistical performance indices such as root of the mean squared error (RMSE), the mean squared error (MSE), and the multiple coefficient of determination (R 2 ). The results show that the multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural network model with nine nodes in the hidden layer was desirable for predicting permeability of dispersive soils while being stabilized by lime and pozzolan, separately or simultaneously. For the model, R 2 =0.9895 and RMSE=3.5604×10 -8 cm/sec.
{"title":"Use of Artificial Neural Network in Predicting Permeability of Dispersive Clay Treated With Lime and Pozzolan","authors":"A. Vakili, S. Davoodi, Alireza Arab, M. Selamat","doi":"10.12983/IJSRES-2015-P0023-0037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRES-2015-P0023-0037","url":null,"abstract":"The treatment of a dispersive core soil can be achieved by mixing with lime and pozzolan, separately or simultaneously. On a dispersive soil treated with lime and pozzolan, experimental measurements of permeability were carried out with varying curing times and percentages of the additives. The results from these measurements were used in establishing an artificial neural network model meant to predict the permeability of more samples while being treated as carrying out laboratory measurements would be time consuming. Six parameters namely percentage passing of the 0.005 mm size (p), plasticity index (PI), maximum dry density (MDD), lime percentage (L), pozzolan percentage (pp), and curing time (t) were the inputs to the model while the output was permeability value. The prediction performances of various neural network models were evaluated using statistical performance indices such as root of the mean squared error (RMSE), the mean squared error (MSE), and the multiple coefficient of determination (R 2 ). The results show that the multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural network model with nine nodes in the hidden layer was desirable for predicting permeability of dispersive soils while being stabilized by lime and pozzolan, separately or simultaneously. For the model, R 2 =0.9895 and RMSE=3.5604×10 -8 cm/sec.","PeriodicalId":14383,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Environmental Sciences","volume":"4 1","pages":"23-37"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87993723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-01-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRES-2015-P0009-0015
N. Mondal, A. Hajra, Deep Chakraborty, Shreya Medda, Uttiya Dey, J. Kumar
Mosquito Bourne disease is a major threat to public health in urban areas. Synthetic insecticides often results adverse environmental effects. The present paper deals with the control of mosquito larvae using cigarette butts (CBs), an waste product. Cigatette butts are thrown everywhere, where it may cause severe problem as it contains several toxic materials. These toxic materials can cause harm to our environment. It is also reported in literature that in the water bodies where the cigarette butts are thrown mosquito larvae has developed resistance against them. So, the present paper deals with the control of mosquito larval control using cigarette butts. CB extract was prepared in laboratory and it was characterized by FTIR, UV-Vis, pH and conductance. FTIR spectra clearly indicate the presence of phenolic and primary amine containing functional groups. Larvicidal experiments were done in laboratory conditions. The results demonstrated that the mosquito mortality is absolutely concentration dependent. Perhaps this is the first report that aqueous extract of CBs can acts as mosquito larvicidal activity.
{"title":"Cigarette Butt Waste and Its Effective Utilization towards Larvicidal Activity of Mosquito","authors":"N. Mondal, A. Hajra, Deep Chakraborty, Shreya Medda, Uttiya Dey, J. Kumar","doi":"10.12983/IJSRES-2015-P0009-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRES-2015-P0009-0015","url":null,"abstract":"Mosquito Bourne disease is a major threat to public health in urban areas. Synthetic insecticides often results adverse environmental effects. The present paper deals with the control of mosquito larvae using cigarette butts (CBs), an waste product. Cigatette butts are thrown everywhere, where it may cause severe problem as it contains several toxic materials. These toxic materials can cause harm to our environment. It is also reported in literature that in the water bodies where the cigarette butts are thrown mosquito larvae has developed resistance against them. So, the present paper deals with the control of mosquito larval control using cigarette butts. CB extract was prepared in laboratory and it was characterized by FTIR, UV-Vis, pH and conductance. FTIR spectra clearly indicate the presence of phenolic and primary amine containing functional groups. Larvicidal experiments were done in laboratory conditions. The results demonstrated that the mosquito mortality is absolutely concentration dependent. Perhaps this is the first report that aqueous extract of CBs can acts as mosquito larvicidal activity.","PeriodicalId":14383,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Environmental Sciences","volume":"331 1","pages":"9-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80522238","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRES-2014-P0449-0456
M. Ebrahimi, M. Arab
Restoration practices have important impact on soil surface and functional characteristic of rangelands. So, for the sustainable utilization of the rangelands, these changes should be recognized and managed. The present study was conducted to recognize the effects of contour furrow on ecological indices of rangeland health in Ghick Sheikha contour furrow (Jiroft) using landscape function analysis. A free contour furrow (as control) was also selected to compare the effects of contour furrow on soil factors and vegetation cover. In this method, 11 soil parameters were assessed to recognize three functional properties, including stability, infiltration and nutrient cycling (using analysis of landscape function software) and, paired t-test was used to compare the performance indicators in the control and contour furrow. However the number of patches was more in the control treatment, the results showed that in the contour furrow area, the length of ecological components (patches) was more than in the control treatment. Three health indicators in the contour furrow were more than in the control treatment and there was a significant difference between two areas (p‹ 0.05). In addition, regression model analyses between two areas suggested that the parameters of litter movement, soil surface resistance to erosion, soil surface roughness, and erosion in contour furrow and soil surface roughness, litter cover and soil surface resistance to erosion in the control area had respectively the biggest share among the rangeland health indicators. Generally, the present study suggested effectiveness of contour furrow compared to the control.
{"title":"Effects of Contour Furrow on Ecological Indices of Range Health Using Landscape Function Analysis (Case study: Ghick Sheikha Rangeland, Jiroft, Iran)","authors":"M. Ebrahimi, M. Arab","doi":"10.12983/IJSRES-2014-P0449-0456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRES-2014-P0449-0456","url":null,"abstract":"Restoration practices have important impact on soil surface and functional characteristic of rangelands. So, for the sustainable utilization of the rangelands, these changes should be recognized and managed. The present study was conducted to recognize the effects of contour furrow on ecological indices of rangeland health in Ghick Sheikha contour furrow (Jiroft) using landscape function analysis. A free contour furrow (as control) was also selected to compare the effects of contour furrow on soil factors and vegetation cover. In this method, 11 soil parameters were assessed to recognize three functional properties, including stability, infiltration and nutrient cycling (using analysis of landscape function software) and, paired t-test was used to compare the performance indicators in the control and contour furrow. However the number of patches was more in the control treatment, the results showed that in the contour furrow area, the length of ecological components (patches) was more than in the control treatment. Three health indicators in the contour furrow were more than in the control treatment and there was a significant difference between two areas (p‹ 0.05). In addition, regression model analyses between two areas suggested that the parameters of litter movement, soil surface resistance to erosion, soil surface roughness, and erosion in contour furrow and soil surface roughness, litter cover and soil surface resistance to erosion in the control area had respectively the biggest share among the rangeland health indicators. Generally, the present study suggested effectiveness of contour furrow compared to the control.","PeriodicalId":14383,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Environmental Sciences","volume":"25 1","pages":"449-456"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86839485","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRES-2014-P0429-0434
Archana Singh, J. Singh
Soil sodicity is a significant environmental problem and has its negative impact on human health and agricultural sustainability. So, the current research was set out to investigate the effectiveness of gypsum as an amendment which improves the physical and chemical properties of soil and crop productivity. Experiment was conducted in a sodic soil at a farmer's field in Raebareli district of Uttar Pradesh, India. The field was irrigated with moderately saline but highly brackish water. The treatment of gypsum granule sizes (1-10 mm) were Control (No gypsum), Gypsum @ 100% GR in one splits and Gypsum @ 100% GR in two splits. In the present study an attempt was made to find out the improvement of micronutrients and chemical properties of soil in Gypsum amended soils. The effect of Gypsum application significantly improved the soil chemical properties by reducing the EC and pH.
{"title":"Effect of Gypsum on the Reclamation and Soil Chemical Properties in Sodic Soils of Raebareli District, Uttar Pradesh","authors":"Archana Singh, J. Singh","doi":"10.12983/IJSRES-2014-P0429-0434","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRES-2014-P0429-0434","url":null,"abstract":"Soil sodicity is a significant environmental problem and has its negative impact on human health and agricultural sustainability. So, the current research was set out to investigate the effectiveness of gypsum as an amendment which improves the physical and chemical properties of soil and crop productivity. Experiment was conducted in a sodic soil at a farmer's field in Raebareli district of Uttar Pradesh, India. The field was irrigated with moderately saline but highly brackish water. The treatment of gypsum granule sizes (1-10 mm) were Control (No gypsum), Gypsum @ 100% GR in one splits and Gypsum @ 100% GR in two splits. In the present study an attempt was made to find out the improvement of micronutrients and chemical properties of soil in Gypsum amended soils. The effect of Gypsum application significantly improved the soil chemical properties by reducing the EC and pH.","PeriodicalId":14383,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Environmental Sciences","volume":"36 1","pages":"429-434"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80452574","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRES-2014-P0457-0469
T. Roy, N. Mondal
Congo Red in aquatic system has been recognized as a serious problem in living organism because of its toxic nature and therefore, its degradation is highly essential. In the present work, the efficacy of thermally activated ZnO was studied for photo-catalytic degradation of Congo red (CR) dye. The batch operation was carried out by irradiating the aqueous solution of dye in the presence of semiconductor. The effect of various parameters such as catalyst loading, pH, oxidant dose, intensity variations and initial concentration of the dye on degradation was investigated. The maximum degradation capacity of ZnO for CR was found to be 11.8 mg g -1 at optimized condition (303 K, 60 min, pH (8), dose (0.05g)). The pseudo-second-order kinetic model described the CR degradation process with a good fitting. Thermodynamic parameters such as ΔH, ΔS, and ΔG were calculated, which indicated that the process was spontaneous and exothermic in nature, that was evident by increasing the randomness of the dye at the solid and liquid interface. The high CR degradation ability and regeneration efficiency of this photocatalyst suggest its applicability in industrial systems and data generated would help in further upscaling of the degradation process.
由于刚果红的毒性，其降解已成为水生生物面临的一个严重问题。本文研究了热活化氧化锌光催化降解刚果红染料的效果。通过在半导体存在的情况下照射染料水溶液来进行间歇操作。考察了催化剂负载、pH、氧化剂剂量、染料强度变化和初始浓度等参数对降解的影响。在最佳条件(303 K, 60 min, pH(8)，剂量(0.05g))下，ZnO对CR的最大降解量为11.8 mg g -1。拟二级动力学模型较好地描述了CR的降解过程。计算了ΔH、ΔS、ΔG等热力学参数，表明该过程是自发的，是放热的，这一点可以通过增加染料在固液界面的随机性来证明。该光催化剂的高CR降解能力和再生效率表明其在工业系统中的适用性，所产生的数据将有助于进一步扩大降解过程。
{"title":"Photocatalytic Degradation of Congo Red Dye on Thermally Activated Zinc Oxide","authors":"T. Roy, N. Mondal","doi":"10.12983/IJSRES-2014-P0457-0469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRES-2014-P0457-0469","url":null,"abstract":"Congo Red in aquatic system has been recognized as a serious problem in living organism because of its toxic nature and therefore, its degradation is highly essential. In the present work, the efficacy of thermally activated ZnO was studied for photo-catalytic degradation of Congo red (CR) dye. The batch operation was carried out by irradiating the aqueous solution of dye in the presence of semiconductor. The effect of various parameters such as catalyst loading, pH, oxidant dose, intensity variations and initial concentration of the dye on degradation was investigated. The maximum degradation capacity of ZnO for CR was found to be 11.8 mg g -1 at optimized condition (303 K, 60 min, pH (8), dose (0.05g)). The pseudo-second-order kinetic model described the CR degradation process with a good fitting. Thermodynamic parameters such as ΔH, ΔS, and ΔG were calculated, which indicated that the process was spontaneous and exothermic in nature, that was evident by increasing the randomness of the dye at the solid and liquid interface. The high CR degradation ability and regeneration efficiency of this photocatalyst suggest its applicability in industrial systems and data generated would help in further upscaling of the degradation process.","PeriodicalId":14383,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Environmental Sciences","volume":"6 1","pages":"457-469"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81917518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-12-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRES-2014-P0435-0448
Hassan Hamraz, A. Sadeghi-Niaraki, M. Omati, Negar Noori
Air pollution is a major problem in mega cities and it's harmful for environment and human health. Usually in nowadays, air pollution is monitored by static stations networks and because of high cost of developing and maintenance the amount of these stations is limited. Air pollution is strongly dependent to location and it's vary from one to another, therefore less static stations cause poor spatial resolution in published pollution maps. This research paper is for generating a pollution map with higher spatial resolution according to mobile measurements through Mobile Data Acquisition Unit (MDAU) and Tehran Environmental Protection Agency's measurements. Mobile unit box used for this study is equipped with: handheld GPS, MQ 9 gas sensor (CO detector), Seeeduino Stalker microcontroller and Xbee Bluetooth module, and it was placed on top of a vehicle and the data's were collected in Hemat highway, Tehran/Iran during 15:00 to 16:00 hours, afterwards Mobile and static stations measurements were imported and aggregated in GIS environment to generate an air pollution map through Geo- statistical Analysis. Finally, CO pollution map was validated and compared with pollution map produced via Tehran Air Quality Control Company's data.
{"title":"GIS-Based Air Pollution Monitoring using Static Stations and Mobile Sensor in Tehran/Iran","authors":"Hassan Hamraz, A. Sadeghi-Niaraki, M. Omati, Negar Noori","doi":"10.12983/IJSRES-2014-P0435-0448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRES-2014-P0435-0448","url":null,"abstract":"Air pollution is a major problem in mega cities and it's harmful for environment and human health. Usually in nowadays, air pollution is monitored by static stations networks and because of high cost of developing and maintenance the amount of these stations is limited. Air pollution is strongly dependent to location and it's vary from one to another, therefore less static stations cause poor spatial resolution in published pollution maps. This research paper is for generating a pollution map with higher spatial resolution according to mobile measurements through Mobile Data Acquisition Unit (MDAU) and Tehran Environmental Protection Agency's measurements. Mobile unit box used for this study is equipped with: handheld GPS, MQ 9 gas sensor (CO detector), Seeeduino Stalker microcontroller and Xbee Bluetooth module, and it was placed on top of a vehicle and the data's were collected in Hemat highway, Tehran/Iran during 15:00 to 16:00 hours, afterwards Mobile and static stations measurements were imported and aggregated in GIS environment to generate an air pollution map through Geo- statistical Analysis. Finally, CO pollution map was validated and compared with pollution map produced via Tehran Air Quality Control Company's data.","PeriodicalId":14383,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Environmental Sciences","volume":"47 1","pages":"435-448"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73824735","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRES-2014-P0389-0396
S. Tabatabaei, H. Jalilvand, H. Ahani
Phytoremediation or the use of plants to reduce pollution, in addition to the low cost and usability treating a wide range of eco cognition is considered. In order to evaluate the effect of wastewater Kashafrood on Celtis caucasica Willd seedlings, the research was conducted based on completely randomized design in summer season. On the (a common method of irrigation nursery two days a time by irrigation of 150 mL day-1), the morphological-related parameters were measured. Traits were measured including: height, diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, shoot and root length, dry weight of roots, stem and leaf and ratios of root to shoot, leaf to shoot, leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf weight, freshly and number of root. Results in Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed that in PC1 in wastewater stress reduced root length and increase dry weight root, total dry weight, freshly and number of root and PC2 root to shoot ratio, leaf area ratio, specific leaf area and stem length increase significantly and freshly, root length and number of root in PC1 and stem length and root to shoot ratio in PC2 were the most important traits. Analysis of variance for nonlinear regression that indicated height, diameter and leaf number showed in wastewater stress significant differences of one percent. The application of wastewater had a positive influence on the growth of Celtis caucasica trees.
植物修复或利用植物来减少污染，除了具有低成本和可用性外，还被广泛的生态认知所考虑。为了评价枸杞子废水对高加索野生鹿茸幼苗的影响，本研究采用完全随机设计，在夏季进行。在苗圃灌水量150 mL / d，每次灌2天的常规方法上，测定了形态相关参数。测定的性状包括:高、径、叶数、叶面积、茎长和根长、根干重、茎叶干重、根冠比、叶冠比、叶面积、比叶面积、叶重、鲜根数和根数。主成分分析(PCA)结果表明，废水胁迫下PC1的根长减少，干重根、总干重、根系鲜重和根数显著增加，PC2的根冠比、叶面积比、比叶面积和茎长显著增加，PC1的根长和根数显著增加，PC2的茎长和根冠比显著增加。非线性回归方差分析表明，在废水胁迫下，株高、株径和叶数差异达1%。废水的施用对白种人树木的生长有积极的影响。
{"title":"Study of Morphological Characteristics of Caucasian Hackberry Irrigated with Wastewater of Kashafrood River","authors":"S. Tabatabaei, H. Jalilvand, H. Ahani","doi":"10.12983/IJSRES-2014-P0389-0396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRES-2014-P0389-0396","url":null,"abstract":"Phytoremediation or the use of plants to reduce pollution, in addition to the low cost and usability treating a wide range of eco cognition is considered. In order to evaluate the effect of wastewater Kashafrood on Celtis caucasica Willd seedlings, the research was conducted based on completely randomized design in summer season. On the (a common method of irrigation nursery two days a time by irrigation of 150 mL day-1), the morphological-related parameters were measured. Traits were measured including: height, diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, shoot and root length, dry weight of roots, stem and leaf and ratios of root to shoot, leaf to shoot, leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf weight, freshly and number of root. Results in Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed that in PC1 in wastewater stress reduced root length and increase dry weight root, total dry weight, freshly and number of root and PC2 root to shoot ratio, leaf area ratio, specific leaf area and stem length increase significantly and freshly, root length and number of root in PC1 and stem length and root to shoot ratio in PC2 were the most important traits. Analysis of variance for nonlinear regression that indicated height, diameter and leaf number showed in wastewater stress significant differences of one percent. The application of wastewater had a positive influence on the growth of Celtis caucasica trees.","PeriodicalId":14383,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Environmental Sciences","volume":"16 1","pages":"389-396"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77007189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRES-2014-P0397-0409
Kavandren Moodley, S. Pillay, K. Pather, Hari Ballabh
Heavy metal contamination in river water and sediment is very well documented in numerous studies all over the world. This study focuses on the heavy metal contamination of the Palmiet River which is located in a small catchment near Durban, and is a tributary of the Umgeni River. Six sampling sites were chosen along the Palmiet River, before and after each land use, as well as two sites before and after the Umgeni River confluence. Water and sediment sampling was conducted seasonally and results were determined using Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (ICP-AAS) for the metals: Al, As, B, Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, Si, Sr, Ti, V and Zn. An enrichment factor equation was used as well as ANOVA for statistical evaluation. Results obtained showed high Ca, Mg, and Si concentrations in water, with significantly (p<0.05) higher concentrations in winter. Sediment analyses revealed that Fe, Al and Ca were the highest concentrations found, with higher levels in winter. The land use with the most influence on the metal concentrations was the industrial area of Pinetown, which displayed spikes of metal concentrations after its site, as well as the Palmiet Nature Reserve (PNR) which acted to purify the water and sediment. Se was the only metal found to be enriched in the soil, which does indicate some anthropogenic source.
{"title":"Heavy Metal Contamination of the Palmiet River: KwaZulu Natal South Africa","authors":"Kavandren Moodley, S. Pillay, K. Pather, Hari Ballabh","doi":"10.12983/IJSRES-2014-P0397-0409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRES-2014-P0397-0409","url":null,"abstract":"Heavy metal contamination in river water and sediment is very well documented in numerous studies all over the world. This study focuses on the heavy metal contamination of the Palmiet River which is located in a small catchment near Durban, and is a tributary of the Umgeni River. Six sampling sites were chosen along the Palmiet River, before and after each land use, as well as two sites before and after the Umgeni River confluence. Water and sediment sampling was conducted seasonally and results were determined using Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (ICP-AAS) for the metals: Al, As, B, Ca, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, Si, Sr, Ti, V and Zn. An enrichment factor equation was used as well as ANOVA for statistical evaluation. Results obtained showed high Ca, Mg, and Si concentrations in water, with significantly (p<0.05) higher concentrations in winter. Sediment analyses revealed that Fe, Al and Ca were the highest concentrations found, with higher levels in winter. The land use with the most influence on the metal concentrations was the industrial area of Pinetown, which displayed spikes of metal concentrations after its site, as well as the Palmiet Nature Reserve (PNR) which acted to purify the water and sediment. Se was the only metal found to be enriched in the soil, which does indicate some anthropogenic source.","PeriodicalId":14383,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Environmental Sciences","volume":"40 1","pages":"397-409"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89569076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2014-11-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRES-2014-P0410-0420
H. Khoshdast, Shahid Bahonar
Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) is an organic surfactant commonly applied in foam based treatment of wastewater as an efficient collector for heavy metal species. SDS is used in combination with a frothing agent, usually alcohols, to control and improve bubble size, adsorption area, foam stability and solution recovery. To achieve optimum performance, a proper collector-to-frother ratio is required which is commonly determined by trial-and-error or statistical approaches. The aim of this paper is to survey the scientific background of the influence of frother type and concentration on foam flotation response. Equilibrium and dynamic frothability of individual and dual surfactant aqueous solutions of SDS and different frothing agents, including ethanol, n-butanol, isoamyl alcohol and methyl isobutyl carbinol (MIBC) was measured. Equilibrium frothing evaluations indicated that frothability of surfactants enhances by increasing their molecular weights due to the improvement of liquid film elasticity surrounding bubbles. Dynamic frothability index value for SDS, MIBC, isoamyl alcohol, n-butanol and ethanol was found to be 92061.3, 38724.3, 10783.1, 1696.4, and 1349.7 s.dm 3 /mol, respectively, confirming the results from equilibrium data. Comparing frothability values obtained from different frother-SDS blends revealed that mixtures containing isoamyl alcohol and MIBC produce more stable foam which is suitable for precipitate and colloid flotation; whereas, solutions of ethanol and n-butanol are more selective and recommended for ion flotation. Referring to dynamic frothability indices of binary solutions, a reference chart was proposed as a guideline for selection of proper collector/frother system and to estimate preliminary collector-to-frother ratio with respect to the foam flotation purpose.
{"title":"Foaming Characterization of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate (SDS) in Binary Mixed Aqueous Solutions","authors":"H. Khoshdast, Shahid Bahonar","doi":"10.12983/IJSRES-2014-P0410-0420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRES-2014-P0410-0420","url":null,"abstract":"Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) is an organic surfactant commonly applied in foam based treatment of wastewater as an efficient collector for heavy metal species. SDS is used in combination with a frothing agent, usually alcohols, to control and improve bubble size, adsorption area, foam stability and solution recovery. To achieve optimum performance, a proper collector-to-frother ratio is required which is commonly determined by trial-and-error or statistical approaches. The aim of this paper is to survey the scientific background of the influence of frother type and concentration on foam flotation response. Equilibrium and dynamic frothability of individual and dual surfactant aqueous solutions of SDS and different frothing agents, including ethanol, n-butanol, isoamyl alcohol and methyl isobutyl carbinol (MIBC) was measured. Equilibrium frothing evaluations indicated that frothability of surfactants enhances by increasing their molecular weights due to the improvement of liquid film elasticity surrounding bubbles. Dynamic frothability index value for SDS, MIBC, isoamyl alcohol, n-butanol and ethanol was found to be 92061.3, 38724.3, 10783.1, 1696.4, and 1349.7 s.dm 3 /mol, respectively, confirming the results from equilibrium data. Comparing frothability values obtained from different frother-SDS blends revealed that mixtures containing isoamyl alcohol and MIBC produce more stable foam which is suitable for precipitate and colloid flotation; whereas, solutions of ethanol and n-butanol are more selective and recommended for ion flotation. Referring to dynamic frothability indices of binary solutions, a reference chart was proposed as a guideline for selection of proper collector/frother system and to estimate preliminary collector-to-frother ratio with respect to the foam flotation purpose.","PeriodicalId":14383,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Environmental Sciences","volume":"40 1","pages":"410-420"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78732307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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