Pub Date : 2016-03-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRES-2016-P0063-0070
A. S. Panwar, G. K. Joshi
Bacteria are one of the most versatile living creatures having ability to sustain life processes under various suboptimal conditions. Present work illustrates the impact of temperature and metallic stresses on a psychrotolerant bacterium isolated from Himalayan region in India. The bacterium was morphologically and biochemically characterized and identified as Pseudomonas veronii ASP36 based on the 16S rDNA sequencing followed by BLAST similarity search. Growth at low temperature incited the bacterium to produce more exopolysaccharides. Preincubation of the bacterium at near zero temperature enhanced its freeze tolerance. ZnSO4 induced genomic changes in the test isolate were revealed through RAPD.
{"title":"Assessment of Temperature and Metallic Stresses on a Psychrotolerant Bacterium Pseudomonas veronii ASP36 Isolated from Himalayan Region in Uttarakhand State, India","authors":"A. S. Panwar, G. K. Joshi","doi":"10.12983/IJSRES-2016-P0063-0070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRES-2016-P0063-0070","url":null,"abstract":"Bacteria are one of the most versatile living creatures having ability to sustain life processes under various suboptimal conditions. Present work illustrates the impact of temperature and metallic stresses on a psychrotolerant bacterium isolated from Himalayan region in India. The bacterium was morphologically and biochemically characterized and identified as Pseudomonas veronii ASP36 based on the 16S rDNA sequencing followed by BLAST similarity search. Growth at low temperature incited the bacterium to produce more exopolysaccharides. Preincubation of the bacterium at near zero temperature enhanced its freeze tolerance. ZnSO4 induced genomic changes in the test isolate were revealed through RAPD.","PeriodicalId":14383,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Environmental Sciences","volume":"4 1","pages":"63-70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79648096","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-03-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRES-2016-P0078-0085
N. Rahman, W. Suen, S. Yip, New Jen Yan, Khoo Lay Pheck, N. See, Charmaine Ann, Celine Lloyd
A study was conducted to assess the enzyme profiles of microorganisms isolated from biologically damaged art- work. A total of 15 paintings were screened for fungi and bacteria using standard microbiological methods. Aspergillus spp (26.2%) and Bacillus spp (21.4%) were the most common causes of spoilage among 42 isolates. Representative fungal and bacterial isolates (n=14) were screened for 20 enzymes. All isolates (100%) possessed cellulolytic and phosphate mobilizing enzymes; 79% produced lipid-degrading enzymes. In the light of the changing industrial demand for the use of enzyme-based processes and non-animal enzyme sources, these microbial populations have a promising role.
{"title":"Microbial Causes of Art Damage and Their Enzyme Profiles","authors":"N. Rahman, W. Suen, S. Yip, New Jen Yan, Khoo Lay Pheck, N. See, Charmaine Ann, Celine Lloyd","doi":"10.12983/IJSRES-2016-P0078-0085","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRES-2016-P0078-0085","url":null,"abstract":"A study was conducted to assess the enzyme profiles of microorganisms isolated from biologically damaged art- work. A total of 15 paintings were screened for fungi and bacteria using standard microbiological methods. Aspergillus spp (26.2%) and Bacillus spp (21.4%) were the most common causes of spoilage among 42 isolates. Representative fungal and bacterial isolates (n=14) were screened for 20 enzymes. All isolates (100%) possessed cellulolytic and phosphate mobilizing enzymes; 79% produced lipid-degrading enzymes. In the light of the changing industrial demand for the use of enzyme-based processes and non-animal enzyme sources, these microbial populations have a promising role.","PeriodicalId":14383,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Environmental Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"78-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76007547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-02-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRES-2016-P0040-0046
L. Afandiyeva, V. Abbasov, S. Ahmadbayova, S. Hajiyeva, E. Azizbeyli, F. Tahirova, S. Aliyeva
Amidoamines have been synthesized based on the mixture of synthetic petroleum and oxy acids (SPA + OSPA) and polyethylene polyamine (PEPA). Physical and chemical indices of amidoamines have been identified. Complexes have been prepared from the amidoamine and HCl (Example 1), H3PO4 (Example 2), HNO3 (Example 3) in ratio 1:1. The kinetic effect of steel corrosion in 1% NaCl solution saturated with CO2 has been studied in ACM Gill AC potentiometer, at 50°C. Investigation was conducted at 25 and 50 ppm of each complex. It was found that, in Example 1 at 25 ppm after 20 hours of research the protection effect was 97.5%, at 50 ppm 97.3%. In Example 2 at 25 and 50 ppm corrosion protection were 92% and 90.4% after 20 hours of research. In Example 3 at 25 and 50 ppm after 20 hours of research protective effects were 97.5 and 97.3%. It was determined that, amidoamine derivatives obtained from SPA + OSPA and PEPA, at 25 ppm was the best result-98.3%. By Calculated Gibbs free energy and the image of the surface of used electrode it has been proved that, a complex in different concentrates easily was exposed to chemisorption on metal surface. Therefore protective film formed on the surface was stable.
{"title":"Investigation of Inorganic Complexes of Amidoamines Synthesized from Synthetic Oxy- and Petroleum Acids as Corrosion Inhibitor","authors":"L. Afandiyeva, V. Abbasov, S. Ahmadbayova, S. Hajiyeva, E. Azizbeyli, F. Tahirova, S. Aliyeva","doi":"10.12983/IJSRES-2016-P0040-0046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRES-2016-P0040-0046","url":null,"abstract":"Amidoamines have been synthesized based on the mixture of synthetic petroleum and oxy acids (SPA + OSPA) and polyethylene polyamine (PEPA). Physical and chemical indices of amidoamines have been identified. Complexes have been prepared from the amidoamine and HCl (Example 1), H3PO4 (Example 2), HNO3 (Example 3) in ratio 1:1. The kinetic effect of steel corrosion in 1% NaCl solution saturated with CO2 has been studied in ACM Gill AC potentiometer, at 50°C. Investigation was conducted at 25 and 50 ppm of each complex. It was found that, in Example 1 at 25 ppm after 20 hours of research the protection effect was 97.5%, at 50 ppm 97.3%. In Example 2 at 25 and 50 ppm corrosion protection were 92% and 90.4% after 20 hours of research. In Example 3 at 25 and 50 ppm after 20 hours of research protective effects were 97.5 and 97.3%. It was determined that, amidoamine derivatives obtained from SPA + OSPA and PEPA, at 25 ppm was the best result-98.3%. By Calculated Gibbs free energy and the image of the surface of used electrode it has been proved that, a complex in different concentrates easily was exposed to chemisorption on metal surface. Therefore protective film formed on the surface was stable.","PeriodicalId":14383,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Environmental Sciences","volume":"516 1","pages":"40-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77107706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-02-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRES-2016-P0047-0054
Francis Kamangadazi, L. Mwabumba, Edward Missanjo, F. Phiri
Biodiversity conservation within forests depends, in part, on management practices that restore or maintain plant community diversity and function. Because many plant communities are adapted to natural disturbances, selective harvesting has potential to meet this need. This study was conducted to determine the impact of selective harvesting on tree species regeneration abundance, richness and diversity in Chidenga forest co-management block in Liwonde forest reserve, Malawi after four years of harvesting. The study constituted two treatments: harvested area (selective harvesting) and non-harvested area (control). The data obtained was analysed using Rẻnyi diversity profile in Biodiversity R. The results show that there were substantial variations between the treatments on the studied variables. Harvested area had higher tree species regenerants abundance (6088±452 ha -1 ) than non-harvested area (5324±364 ha -1 ). Harvested area had a higher Hα (2.64) at 0-alpha than Hα (2.48) for non-harvested area, indicating that harvested area had the higher tree species richness than non-harvested area in the understory. Furthermore, in the understory, harvested area had higher profile, 2.64 to 0.33 from 0-Alpha to infinity, than non- harvested area, 2.48 to 0.21 from 0-Alpha to infinity. This indicates that harvested area was more diverse than non-harvested area. In the overstory, harvested area had individual tree species evenly distributed than in non-harvested area. This signifies a healthy or good ecosystem. Therefore, it can be suggested that selective harvesting has a significant role in conservation of the forest resource base, and may be promoted for sustainable management of forest co-management blocks.
森林内生物多样性的保护部分取决于恢复或维持植物群落多样性和功能的管理做法。由于许多植物群落适应自然干扰，选择性采收有可能满足这一需求。本研究在马拉维Liwonde森林保护区Chidenga森林共管区块进行了4年的采伐，以确定选择性采伐对树种更新丰度、丰富度和多样性的影响。研究分为两种处理:采收区(选择性采收)和非采收区(对照)。利用生物多样性研究中心(biological R.)的Rẻnyi多样性剖面对数据进行分析。结果表明，不同处理间在研究变量上存在较大差异。采伐区树种再生物质丰度(6088±452 ha -1)高于非采伐区(5324±364 ha -1)。在0 α值处，采伐区的Hα值(2.64)高于非采伐区的Hα值(2.48)，表明采伐区林下物种丰富度高于非采伐区。在林下，从0 α到无限远，采伐面积的轮廓值为2.64 ~ 0.33，高于未采伐面积的2.48 ~ 0.21。这表明收获面积比未收获面积更多样化。在林下，采伐区单株树种分布均匀，而非采伐区单株树种分布均匀。这意味着一个健康或良好的生态系统。因此，可以认为选择性采伐对森林资源基础的保护具有重要作用，并可能促进森林共同经营区块的可持续经营。
{"title":"Selective Harvesting Impact on Natural Regeneration, Tree Species Richness and Diversity in Forest Co-management Block in Liwonde Forest Reserve, Malawi","authors":"Francis Kamangadazi, L. Mwabumba, Edward Missanjo, F. Phiri","doi":"10.12983/IJSRES-2016-P0047-0054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRES-2016-P0047-0054","url":null,"abstract":"Biodiversity conservation within forests depends, in part, on management practices that restore or maintain plant community diversity and function. Because many plant communities are adapted to natural disturbances, selective harvesting has potential to meet this need. This study was conducted to determine the impact of selective harvesting on tree species regeneration abundance, richness and diversity in Chidenga forest co-management block in Liwonde forest reserve, Malawi after four years of harvesting. The study constituted two treatments: harvested area (selective harvesting) and non-harvested area (control). The data obtained was analysed using Rẻnyi diversity profile in Biodiversity R. The results show that there were substantial variations between the treatments on the studied variables. Harvested area had higher tree species regenerants abundance (6088±452 ha -1 ) than non-harvested area (5324±364 ha -1 ). Harvested area had a higher Hα (2.64) at 0-alpha than Hα (2.48) for non-harvested area, indicating that harvested area had the higher tree species richness than non-harvested area in the understory. Furthermore, in the understory, harvested area had higher profile, 2.64 to 0.33 from 0-Alpha to infinity, than non- harvested area, 2.48 to 0.21 from 0-Alpha to infinity. This indicates that harvested area was more diverse than non-harvested area. In the overstory, harvested area had individual tree species evenly distributed than in non-harvested area. This signifies a healthy or good ecosystem. Therefore, it can be suggested that selective harvesting has a significant role in conservation of the forest resource base, and may be promoted for sustainable management of forest co-management blocks.","PeriodicalId":14383,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Environmental Sciences","volume":"82 1","pages":"47-54"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91246645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-02-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRES-2016-P0031-0039
R. Barua, S. Barua, Fatema Tuz-Zohora, R. Mutsuddi, M. Uddin, H. Hasegawa, I. Rahman
Kaptai Lake (KL), which is one of the largest artificial freshwater lakes of South-east Asia, is located in the Rangamati district of Bangladesh and also the major dwelling place of the indigenous ethnic minorities. The lake water is consumed for drinking and other domestic purposes by the population living in islands within the lake without any intermediate purifying process. In the current study, the bacteriological, physicochemical and metal characteristics of the lake water have been measured to investigate the lake water quality regarding the health concerns in comparison with the limits set by WHO, USEPA and Bangladesh EQS. The heterotrophic plate count for the lake water samples were between ~75 and ~244 cfu mL -1 and was in compliance with the USEPA limit of 500 cfu mL -1 . However, the coliform count was in the range of 40.6 to 14017, and was above the standard limits set for drinking use. All the water samples also showed positive presence of Enterococcus spp., Salmonella spp., Pseudomonas spp. and Vibrio spp. The physicochemical analysis confirms that the water temperature (26-27 C), pH (7.5-7.8), electrical conductivity (108-113 µS cm -1 ), total dissolved solids (53-55 ppm), total hardness (42-43 ppm), total alkalinity (11-11.5 ppm), chloride (0.9-1.8 ppm) and dissolved oxygen (4.1-4.8 ppm) were within the limits of the guideline values. The concentrations (mg L -1 ) of toxic metal-species, e.g., lead (4.025-5.128), cadmium (0.008-0.020) and nickel (0.199-0.288) were found to be higher than the recommended regulatory limits, while the contents of copper (0.099-0.301), manganese (0.179-0.291) and zinc (1.989-2.278) were within the acceptable range. The findings from our work indicate that the water of KL is unsuitable for drinking use in terms of bacteriological and metal characteristics and might pose a long-term health risk to its consumers.
Kaptai湖(KL)是东南亚最大的人工淡水湖之一，位于孟加拉国的Rangamati区，也是土著少数民族的主要居住地。居住在湖内岛屿上的居民将湖水用于饮用和其他家庭用途，无需经过任何中间净化过程。在目前的研究中，对湖水的细菌学、物理化学和金属特性进行了测量，以便与世卫组织、美国环境保护局和孟加拉国环境质量体系规定的限值进行比较，调查湖泊水质对健康的影响。湖水样的异养板计数在~75 ~ ~244 cfu mL -1之间，符合美国环保局500cfu mL -1的限值。然而，大肠菌群数量在40.6至14017之间，超过了饮用水的标准限值。所有水样均检出肠球菌、沙门氏菌、假单胞菌和弧菌，理化分析证实水温(26 ~ 27℃)、pH(7.5 ~ 7.8)、电导率(108 ~ 113µS cm -1)、总溶解固形物(53 ~ 55 ppm)、总硬度(42 ~ 43 ppm)、总碱度(11 ~ 11.5 ppm)、氯化物(0.9 ~ 1.8 ppm)和溶解氧(4.1 ~ 4.8 ppm)均在指标值范围内。铅(4.025-5.128)、镉(0.008-0.020)和镍(0.199-0.288)等有毒金属的浓度(mg L -1)均高于建议的监管限值，而铜(0.099-0.301)、锰(0.179-0.291)和锌(1.989-2.278)的含量均在可接受范围内。我们的研究结果表明，就细菌和金属特性而言，吉隆坡的水不适合饮用，可能对消费者构成长期健康风险。
{"title":"Bacteriological and Physicochemical Characteristics of Kaptai Lake Water in Terms of Public Health Significance","authors":"R. Barua, S. Barua, Fatema Tuz-Zohora, R. Mutsuddi, M. Uddin, H. Hasegawa, I. Rahman","doi":"10.12983/IJSRES-2016-P0031-0039","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRES-2016-P0031-0039","url":null,"abstract":"Kaptai Lake (KL), which is one of the largest artificial freshwater lakes of South-east Asia, is located in the Rangamati district of Bangladesh and also the major dwelling place of the indigenous ethnic minorities. The lake water is consumed for drinking and other domestic purposes by the population living in islands within the lake without any intermediate purifying process. In the current study, the bacteriological, physicochemical and metal characteristics of the lake water have been measured to investigate the lake water quality regarding the health concerns in comparison with the limits set by WHO, USEPA and Bangladesh EQS. The heterotrophic plate count for the lake water samples were between ~75 and ~244 cfu mL -1 and was in compliance with the USEPA limit of 500 cfu mL -1 . However, the coliform count was in the range of 40.6 to 14017, and was above the standard limits set for drinking use. All the water samples also showed positive presence of Enterococcus spp., Salmonella spp., Pseudomonas spp. and Vibrio spp. The physicochemical analysis confirms that the water temperature (26-27 C), pH (7.5-7.8), electrical conductivity (108-113 µS cm -1 ), total dissolved solids (53-55 ppm), total hardness (42-43 ppm), total alkalinity (11-11.5 ppm), chloride (0.9-1.8 ppm) and dissolved oxygen (4.1-4.8 ppm) were within the limits of the guideline values. The concentrations (mg L -1 ) of toxic metal-species, e.g., lead (4.025-5.128), cadmium (0.008-0.020) and nickel (0.199-0.288) were found to be higher than the recommended regulatory limits, while the contents of copper (0.099-0.301), manganese (0.179-0.291) and zinc (1.989-2.278) were within the acceptable range. The findings from our work indicate that the water of KL is unsuitable for drinking use in terms of bacteriological and metal characteristics and might pose a long-term health risk to its consumers.","PeriodicalId":14383,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Environmental Sciences","volume":"45 1","pages":"31-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82814947","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2016-02-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRES-2016-P0055-0062
G. Ebong, V. Mkpenie
Assessment of air quality in Uyo metropolis was carried out by monitoring levels of nitrogen (IV) oxide, sulphur (IV) oxide, hydrogen sulphide, carbon (II) oxide, ammonia, chlorine gas and suspended particulate matter at four major locations within the study area for one week. Results obtained indicated higher mean concentrations of CO, NH3 and Cl2 in the morning hours, NO2, H2S and SPM in the afternoon while, SO2 did not vary considerably between these periods. Levels of these air particulates were above their recommended standards by FEPA indicating their nuisance status. However, Air quality index classified NO2 and SO2 in the very poor class, CO in moderate class while NH3 and SPM were in the very good category. Correlation analyses showed that, NO2 and SO2 exhibited strong positive relationships with H2S, CO and Cl2. Hydrogen sulphide showed common source and strong correlation with CO, NH3 and Cl2. Carbon (II) oxide correlated positively and significantly with Cl2 and SPM while, chlorine indicated significant positive association with SPM. Principal component analysis indicated two (2) major factors with 91.39% of total variance. Factor 1 represented impacts of fuel combustion and vehicular emissions whereas; factor 2 represented influences of organic matter decomposition and petroleum processing.
{"title":"Air Quality Monitoring in Uyo Metropolis, Akwa Ibom State, Niger Delta Region of Nigeria","authors":"G. Ebong, V. Mkpenie","doi":"10.12983/IJSRES-2016-P0055-0062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRES-2016-P0055-0062","url":null,"abstract":"Assessment of air quality in Uyo metropolis was carried out by monitoring levels of nitrogen (IV) oxide, sulphur (IV) oxide, hydrogen sulphide, carbon (II) oxide, ammonia, chlorine gas and suspended particulate matter at four major locations within the study area for one week. Results obtained indicated higher mean concentrations of CO, NH3 and Cl2 in the morning hours, NO2, H2S and SPM in the afternoon while, SO2 did not vary considerably between these periods. Levels of these air particulates were above their recommended standards by FEPA indicating their nuisance status. However, Air quality index classified NO2 and SO2 in the very poor class, CO in moderate class while NH3 and SPM were in the very good category. Correlation analyses showed that, NO2 and SO2 exhibited strong positive relationships with H2S, CO and Cl2. Hydrogen sulphide showed common source and strong correlation with CO, NH3 and Cl2. Carbon (II) oxide correlated positively and significantly with Cl2 and SPM while, chlorine indicated significant positive association with SPM. Principal component analysis indicated two (2) major factors with 91.39% of total variance. Factor 1 represented impacts of fuel combustion and vehicular emissions whereas; factor 2 represented influences of organic matter decomposition and petroleum processing.","PeriodicalId":14383,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Environmental Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":"55-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77301326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-06-20DOI: 10.12983/ijsres-2015-p0234-0238
Sandip Magdum, S. Varigala, Gauri Minde, J. Bornare, V. Kalyanraman
Pilot plant studies of sequential batch reactor (SBR) cycles revealed the role of selector phase biology (SPB) involved in COD removal, nitrification, denitrification and total phosphate removal. The phases namely anoxic, anaerobic and aerobic in single tank reactor design of SBR were showed effective biological nutrient removal (BNR) > 90% on average in 4 h designed cycle time with 12 h of hydraulic retention time (HRT). The phases were 2 h fill which includes 1 h simultaneous fill and aeration, 1 h settle and 1 h decant. This cycle design found effective to create selective environment for microbes to carry biological organic and nutrient removal reactions with improvement in sludge volume index (SVI).
{"title":"Evaluation of Sequential Batch Reactor (SBR) Cycle Design to Observe the Advantages of Selector Phase Biology to Achieve Maximum Nutrient Removal","authors":"Sandip Magdum, S. Varigala, Gauri Minde, J. Bornare, V. Kalyanraman","doi":"10.12983/ijsres-2015-p0234-0238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/ijsres-2015-p0234-0238","url":null,"abstract":"Pilot plant studies of sequential batch reactor (SBR) cycles revealed the role of selector phase biology (SPB) involved in COD removal, nitrification, denitrification and total phosphate removal. The phases namely anoxic, anaerobic and aerobic in single tank reactor design of SBR were showed effective biological nutrient removal (BNR) > 90% on average in 4 h designed cycle time with 12 h of hydraulic retention time (HRT). The phases were 2 h fill which includes 1 h simultaneous fill and aeration, 1 h settle and 1 h decant. This cycle design found effective to create selective environment for microbes to carry biological organic and nutrient removal reactions with improvement in sludge volume index (SVI).","PeriodicalId":14383,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Environmental Sciences","volume":"102 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-06-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80588713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-04-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRES-2015-P0129-0136
R. Kamble
Water is an indispensible part of human life. Groundwater is contributing significantly as a source of drinking, cooking and domestic purposes. Groundwater contains different heavy metals and iron is one of the dominating one. Chronic exposure of iron through groundwater consumption above WHO drinking water standard of 0.3 mg/L has well understood. To ascertain the impacts of groundwater iron on human health its accurate measurement is an essential aspect. A research has been carried out to compare two analytical methods: ICP method (ICP-OES Dv 7000) and Aquaquant Iron Analysis Kit Merck, range 0.25-15 mg/L, Germany (visual method). Total 36 groundwater samples in Chandrapur district of Central India were assessed for post monsoon season of 2013 (October) for iron concentration by these two analytical methods. Findings of the study suggested that ICP method gives more accurate results in a wide range of iron concentration under field conditions as compared with Aquaquant Iron Analysis Kit. At 0.0-1.0 mg/L of Fe results obtained by both these method were in accordance with each other. At 1.0-2.0 mg/L of Fe, ICP gave slight increased in concentration as compared with test kit. However, at 5.0 mg/L of Fe by test kit, results obtained by ICP method was significantly lower.
水是人类生活不可缺少的一部分。地下水作为饮用、烹饪和家庭用途的来源发挥着重要作用。地下水中含有多种重金属，铁是主要的重金属之一。通过饮用超过世卫组织饮用水标准0.3毫克/升的地下水而长期接触铁已得到充分了解。确定地下水铁对人体健康的影响，其准确测量是一个重要方面。比较了两种分析方法:ICP法(ICP- oes Dv 7000)和Aquaquant Iron Analysis Kit Merck，范围0.25-15 mg/L，德国(目测法)。采用这两种分析方法对2013年季风季节后(10月)印度中部Chandrapur地区的36份地下水样品进行了铁浓度评估。研究结果表明，与Aquaquant iron Analysis Kit相比，ICP方法在现场条件下的铁浓度范围更广，结果更准确。在铁浓度为0.0 ~ 1.0 mg/L时，两种方法的测定结果基本一致。在1.0 ~ 2.0 mg/L Fe时，ICP浓度较试剂盒略有升高。而当检测试剂盒中Fe浓度为5.0 mg/L时，ICP法得到的结果明显较低。
{"title":"Comparison of Two Analytical Methods for Measurement of Iron Concentration in Groundwater in Chandrapur District, Central India","authors":"R. Kamble","doi":"10.12983/IJSRES-2015-P0129-0136","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRES-2015-P0129-0136","url":null,"abstract":"Water is an indispensible part of human life. Groundwater is contributing significantly as a source of drinking, cooking and domestic purposes. Groundwater contains different heavy metals and iron is one of the dominating one. Chronic exposure of iron through groundwater consumption above WHO drinking water standard of 0.3 mg/L has well understood. To ascertain the impacts of groundwater iron on human health its accurate measurement is an essential aspect. A research has been carried out to compare two analytical methods: ICP method (ICP-OES Dv 7000) and Aquaquant Iron Analysis Kit Merck, range 0.25-15 mg/L, Germany (visual method). Total 36 groundwater samples in Chandrapur district of Central India were assessed for post monsoon season of 2013 (October) for iron concentration by these two analytical methods. Findings of the study suggested that ICP method gives more accurate results in a wide range of iron concentration under field conditions as compared with Aquaquant Iron Analysis Kit. At 0.0-1.0 mg/L of Fe results obtained by both these method were in accordance with each other. At 1.0-2.0 mg/L of Fe, ICP gave slight increased in concentration as compared with test kit. However, at 5.0 mg/L of Fe by test kit, results obtained by ICP method was significantly lower.","PeriodicalId":14383,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Environmental Sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":"129-136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90396257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-04-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRES-2015-P0159-0166
M. Sarwar
Rodents are one of the most important vertebrate pests which directly and indirectly distress to the production of crops and storage of grains. Rodents especially under the Family Muridae can cause serious damage to cereal crops of all kinds including wheat. The present investigation was conducted to observe the pattern of damage by rodent (Rrodentia: Muridae) pests in wheat in conjunction with their comparative densities throughout growth phase of crop i.e., from seedling to mature grain stage. During the crop growing season, several rodent species were involved in damaging to wheat, but variations in their predominance were detected. Of the trapped and identified pests, the lesser bandicoot rat Bandicota bengalensis Gray was the mainly prime species in the wheat fields approached by Indian gerbil Tatera indica Hardwicke, house mouse Mus musculus L., soft-furred field rat Rattus meltada Gray and short tailed mole rat Nesokia indica Gray & Hardwicke. These different rodent pests began to raid and damage the wheat crop right from sowing and continued up to the time of harvesting. Such descriptions of damage are influenced by a number of factors, for instance, relative abundance of different growth stages of crop and their relative nutritional contents, palatability, tastes, and the availability of other food in the locality. The trends of different levels of damage through wheat stem cuttings at various growth stages served primarily as an indication that rats and mice are opportunistic foragers, adjusting their preferences according to availability of food resources. This information of food habits by specific rodents is a basis for the management of their populations and to reduce the damage in the wheat fields thereby increasing the grain yield.
{"title":"Pattern of Damage by Rodent (Rodentia: Muridae) Pests in Wheat in Conjunction with Their Comparative Densities throughout Growth Phase of Crop","authors":"M. Sarwar","doi":"10.12983/IJSRES-2015-P0159-0166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRES-2015-P0159-0166","url":null,"abstract":"Rodents are one of the most important vertebrate pests which directly and indirectly distress to the production of crops and storage of grains. Rodents especially under the Family Muridae can cause serious damage to cereal crops of all kinds including wheat. The present investigation was conducted to observe the pattern of damage by rodent (Rrodentia: Muridae) pests in wheat in conjunction with their comparative densities throughout growth phase of crop i.e., from seedling to mature grain stage. During the crop growing season, several rodent species were involved in damaging to wheat, but variations in their predominance were detected. Of the trapped and identified pests, the lesser bandicoot rat Bandicota bengalensis Gray was the mainly prime species in the wheat fields approached by Indian gerbil Tatera indica Hardwicke, house mouse Mus musculus L., soft-furred field rat Rattus meltada Gray and short tailed mole rat Nesokia indica Gray & Hardwicke. These different rodent pests began to raid and damage the wheat crop right from sowing and continued up to the time of harvesting. Such descriptions of damage are influenced by a number of factors, for instance, relative abundance of different growth stages of crop and their relative nutritional contents, palatability, tastes, and the availability of other food in the locality. The trends of different levels of damage through wheat stem cuttings at various growth stages served primarily as an indication that rats and mice are opportunistic foragers, adjusting their preferences according to availability of food resources. This information of food habits by specific rodents is a basis for the management of their populations and to reduce the damage in the wheat fields thereby increasing the grain yield.","PeriodicalId":14383,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Environmental Sciences","volume":"7 1","pages":"159-166"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86751672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2015-04-01DOI: 10.12983/IJSRES-2015-P0147-0158
M. Chitsazan, M. Faryabi, A. Zarasvandi, A. Negarestani
River - groundwater interaction is one of the most common types of surface water and groundwater exchanges that occur in alluvial aquifers. These interactions are variable with space and time and received great attentions in recent years. In this research, the natural tracers such as 222 Rn, natural heat and common water quality characteristics were applied to evaluation of the river- groundwater interactions. The study area is Chamgolak area that is located in the northeast of the Andimeshk city in the south west of Iran. The Dez River is the major surface water body that interacts with groundwater in this area. The temporal and spatial variation of water exchanges between the river and groundwater were evaluated in this research. For this purpose, some common water quality parameters such 222 Rn, temperature, electrical conductivity (EC) and nitrate were measured in 2012- 2013 water year. The temporal variation patterns of common water quality parameters shows that the river recharge water influences the groundwater quality, so that the amounts of electrical conductivity (EC), temperature and nitrate show a notable decrease in river adjacent wells especially in wet period. "The spatial pattern of nitrate concentration shows that the topographic conditions of the Dez River channel also influence the rate of river - groundwater interactions, so that the maximum water exchanges between river and groundwater occur in the convex part of the Dez River meander near the Chamgolak town. This study show that the Dez River has a losing nature and recharges the groundwater but with rates that is vary temporally and spatially.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Spatio-Temporal Variability in River and Groundwater Interactions, an Example from South West of Iran","authors":"M. Chitsazan, M. Faryabi, A. Zarasvandi, A. Negarestani","doi":"10.12983/IJSRES-2015-P0147-0158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.12983/IJSRES-2015-P0147-0158","url":null,"abstract":"River - groundwater interaction is one of the most common types of surface water and groundwater exchanges that occur in alluvial aquifers. These interactions are variable with space and time and received great attentions in recent years. In this research, the natural tracers such as 222 Rn, natural heat and common water quality characteristics were applied to evaluation of the river- groundwater interactions. The study area is Chamgolak area that is located in the northeast of the Andimeshk city in the south west of Iran. The Dez River is the major surface water body that interacts with groundwater in this area. The temporal and spatial variation of water exchanges between the river and groundwater were evaluated in this research. For this purpose, some common water quality parameters such 222 Rn, temperature, electrical conductivity (EC) and nitrate were measured in 2012- 2013 water year. The temporal variation patterns of common water quality parameters shows that the river recharge water influences the groundwater quality, so that the amounts of electrical conductivity (EC), temperature and nitrate show a notable decrease in river adjacent wells especially in wet period. \"The spatial pattern of nitrate concentration shows that the topographic conditions of the Dez River channel also influence the rate of river - groundwater interactions, so that the maximum water exchanges between river and groundwater occur in the convex part of the Dez River meander near the Chamgolak town. This study show that the Dez River has a losing nature and recharges the groundwater but with rates that is vary temporally and spatially.","PeriodicalId":14383,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Scientific Research in Environmental Sciences","volume":"73 1","pages":"147-158"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89541083","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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