The design of internal combustion has developed in many countries, so adopting highly optimized and increased engine performance and reduced emissions become essential. To enhance the property of the base diesel fuel, the alcohol namely ethanol and pentanol with camphor oil as an additive. The diesel engine which is fuelled with varying proportions of alcohol gave reduced amount of (NOx, HC and CO) and increased the brake thermal performance.
{"title":"Effect of C2-C5 Alcohol Blends with Diesel and Camphor Oil as Additive on the Performance and Emissions in Diesel Engine","authors":"M. Selvam, K. Harish, D. Yuvaraj, D. Joseph","doi":"10.4273/ijvss.15.1.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4273/ijvss.15.1.12","url":null,"abstract":"The design of internal combustion has developed in many countries, so adopting highly optimized and increased engine performance and reduced emissions become essential. To enhance the property of the base diesel fuel, the alcohol namely ethanol and pentanol with camphor oil as an additive. The diesel engine which is fuelled with varying proportions of alcohol gave reduced amount of (NOx, HC and CO) and increased the brake thermal performance.","PeriodicalId":14391,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vehicle Structures and Systems","volume":"149 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76605501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The field of aviation has reached a lot of milestones in the 19th and early 20th century, but the supersonic commercial flights are still a nightmare in 21st century. The major obstacle to reach this milestone is the effect of flutter, which is an aeroelastic phenomenon. It is very important to understand the effect of flutter to reduce it. In this paper effect of flutter is studied by varying the wing internal structures. A scaled down model of the AGARD 445.6 wing having 65A004 aerofoil is designed using Catia V5, for which the experimental data is available for validation. Grid independence study is carried out to obtain more reliable mesh quality. Since flutter is a transient phenomenon time-step independence study is carried out for the time steps of, 0.005s, 0.0025s and 0.00125s. Since there is no difference between the flutter frequency readings for 0.0025 seconds and 0.00125 seconds, 0.0025 seconds is chosen to reduce the computation time. The baseline case is validated with an experimental data available and an error of 0.2-5.32% is observed. Aircraft wing is mainly made out of aluminium alloys. Hence a suitable aluminium alloy is selected by comparing the flutter frequencies. To choose a suitable material, three materials each from wood, alloys and composite are considered i.e., mahogany, aluminium alloy 7075 T6 and Aluminium Metal Matrix Composite (AMC) which are widely used in the Aviation industry. AMC is considered on the basis of frequency charts whose flutter frequency is 30Hz. In this paper in order to supress the flutter we have introduced optimization of ribs and spars in the wing. Variation in the number of ribs, flange width and rib thickness are considered individually. Wing configuration with 10 ribs, flange width of +10% and 10mm rib thickness respectively are having the best flutter frequencies. The wing with above features is further optimised by keeping weight as a constraint by introducing circular and triangular cut-outs section. Flutter frequency for without cut-out, circular cut-out and triangular cut-out are 77.84 Hz, 78.27Hz and 78.43Hz respectively. Hence it is concluded that ribs with triangular cut-outs can be able to reach maximum flutter frequency.
{"title":"Design and Optimization of Wing Internal Structure to Study the Flutter Frequency of Aircraft Wing","authors":"N. Akshayraj, B. Ramakumar","doi":"10.4273/ijvss.15.1.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4273/ijvss.15.1.14","url":null,"abstract":"The field of aviation has reached a lot of milestones in the 19th and early 20th century, but the supersonic commercial flights are still a nightmare in 21st century. The major obstacle to reach this milestone is the effect of flutter, which is an aeroelastic phenomenon. It is very important to understand the effect of flutter to reduce it. In this paper effect of flutter is studied by varying the wing internal structures. A scaled down model of the AGARD 445.6 wing having 65A004 aerofoil is designed using Catia V5, for which the experimental data is available for validation. Grid independence study is carried out to obtain more reliable mesh quality. Since flutter is a transient phenomenon time-step independence study is carried out for the time steps of, 0.005s, 0.0025s and 0.00125s. Since there is no difference between the flutter frequency readings for 0.0025 seconds and 0.00125 seconds, 0.0025 seconds is chosen to reduce the computation time. The baseline case is validated with an experimental data available and an error of 0.2-5.32% is observed. Aircraft wing is mainly made out of aluminium alloys. Hence a suitable aluminium alloy is selected by comparing the flutter frequencies. To choose a suitable material, three materials each from wood, alloys and composite are considered i.e., mahogany, aluminium alloy 7075 T6 and Aluminium Metal Matrix Composite (AMC) which are widely used in the Aviation industry. AMC is considered on the basis of frequency charts whose flutter frequency is 30Hz. In this paper in order to supress the flutter we have introduced optimization of ribs and spars in the wing. Variation in the number of ribs, flange width and rib thickness are considered individually. Wing configuration with 10 ribs, flange width of +10% and 10mm rib thickness respectively are having the best flutter frequencies. The wing with above features is further optimised by keeping weight as a constraint by introducing circular and triangular cut-outs section. Flutter frequency for without cut-out, circular cut-out and triangular cut-out are 77.84 Hz, 78.27Hz and 78.43Hz respectively. Hence it is concluded that ribs with triangular cut-outs can be able to reach maximum flutter frequency.","PeriodicalId":14391,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vehicle Structures and Systems","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88839768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Vinothkumar, V. Hariram, R. Christu Paul, R. Selvakumar, V. Ramanathan, P. Sai Shreekanth, M. Balachandar, J. Calvin Eddgar
P91 martensitic and SS304 austenitic stainless steel is identified as the steels for use in high temperature areas of ultra-super critical boilers. The boiler piping involves similar and dissimilar weld joints of P91 and SS304 grade steels. The welded joints are exposed to high temperature in service and it is therefore required to evaluate the high temperature behaviour of such joints. Hot tensile test is a short-term high temperature test which is a useful tool to study the high temperature behaviour of the welds. In this investigation, shielded metal arc welded (SMAW) similar joints of P91/P91 martensitic steel, SS304/SS304 austenitic steels joined using matching weld metal and dissimilar joints of P91/SS304 welded using Inconel weld metal are subjected to hot tensile test at temperatures of 550 deg C, 600 deg C and 650 deg C. The stress-strain behaviour of the weld joints at elevated temperature was studied.
{"title":"Hot Tensile Properties of SMA Welded Similar and Dissimilar Joint of P91 and SS304 Grade Steels","authors":"M. Vinothkumar, V. Hariram, R. Christu Paul, R. Selvakumar, V. Ramanathan, P. Sai Shreekanth, M. Balachandar, J. Calvin Eddgar","doi":"10.4273/ijvss.15.1.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4273/ijvss.15.1.15","url":null,"abstract":"P91 martensitic and SS304 austenitic stainless steel is identified as the steels for use in high temperature areas of ultra-super critical boilers. The boiler piping involves similar and dissimilar weld joints of P91 and SS304 grade steels. The welded joints are exposed to high temperature in service and it is therefore required to evaluate the high temperature behaviour of such joints. Hot tensile test is a short-term high temperature test which is a useful tool to study the high temperature behaviour of the welds. In this investigation, shielded metal arc welded (SMAW) similar joints of P91/P91 martensitic steel, SS304/SS304 austenitic steels joined using matching weld metal and dissimilar joints of P91/SS304 welded using Inconel weld metal are subjected to hot tensile test at temperatures of 550 deg C, 600 deg C and 650 deg C. The stress-strain behaviour of the weld joints at elevated temperature was studied.","PeriodicalId":14391,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vehicle Structures and Systems","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81487100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, heat transfer performance is investigated for plain and nanoparticle coated tube-in-tube heat exchangers. Four types of tubes, i.e. bare copper tube, bare aluminium tube, Cu-Al2O3 nanoparticle coated tube and anodized aluminium tubes are used for performing the experimental investigation. The coating thickness of Cu-Al2O3 nanocomposite surface and anodized aluminium tube varies from 10, 25 and 30 micrometres to 15, 20 and 30 micrometres respectively. The surface is found to be hydrophilic in nature as the contact angle changes from 79.82deg to 55.47deg. The prepared surfaces are characterized by FESEM, EDS and FTIR. By adjusting the hot and cold fluids relative mass flow rates, one may calculate not only the overall heat transfer coefficient but also the efficiency of the tube-in-tube heat exchanger. The Cu-Al2O3 nanocomposite coated surface has the highest overall heat transfer coefficient and efficiency, followed by an anodized aluminium surface, bare copper surface and bare aluminium surface. The aluminium anodic oxide (AAO) surface also exhibits an increased heat transfer coefficient, but to a lesser extent than the nanocomposite coating.
{"title":"Experimental Investigation of Tube-in-Tube Nanocomposite Coated Heat Exchanger","authors":"Ashish Mogra, P. Pandey, K. Gupta","doi":"10.4273/ijvss.15.1.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4273/ijvss.15.1.03","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, heat transfer performance is investigated for plain and nanoparticle coated tube-in-tube heat exchangers. Four types of tubes, i.e. bare copper tube, bare aluminium tube, Cu-Al2O3 nanoparticle coated tube and anodized aluminium tubes are used for performing the experimental investigation. The coating thickness of Cu-Al2O3 nanocomposite surface and anodized aluminium tube varies from 10, 25 and 30 micrometres to 15, 20 and 30 micrometres respectively. The surface is found to be hydrophilic in nature as the contact angle changes from 79.82deg to 55.47deg. The prepared surfaces are characterized by FESEM, EDS and FTIR. By adjusting the hot and cold fluids relative mass flow rates, one may calculate not only the overall heat transfer coefficient but also the efficiency of the tube-in-tube heat exchanger. The Cu-Al2O3 nanocomposite coated surface has the highest overall heat transfer coefficient and efficiency, followed by an anodized aluminium surface, bare copper surface and bare aluminium surface. The aluminium anodic oxide (AAO) surface also exhibits an increased heat transfer coefficient, but to a lesser extent than the nanocomposite coating.","PeriodicalId":14391,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vehicle Structures and Systems","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82583219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Kanthasamy, T. Ravikumar, S. Anish, V. Hariram, SS Lindsay, D. Adarsh, S. Anirudh, V. Bala Ankireddy, Patan Irfan Khan
Magnesium based alloys are some of the widely used light weight metals in vehicles and aerospace industries, but these materials are having low strength to weight ratio when compared to aluminium. To enhance their strength to weight ratio, some ceramic materials like carbides and oxides of metals are added as reinforcements. In this work, AZ31 magnesium alloy is reinforced with 1%, 2% and 3% of Groundnut Shell Ash particles (GSAp) through powder metallurgy. Micro hardness and compressive strength are studied and the microstructural analysis is also done. The addition of ash particles as reinforcement has not shown much variation in the strength and hardness. The addition of ash particles of more than 3% leads to crack. The addition of ash particles increases the rate of corrosion.
{"title":"Influence of Groundnut Shell Ash Particle (GSAp) Addition on Mechanical and Corrosion Behaviour of AZ31 Magnesium Alloy","authors":"S. Kanthasamy, T. Ravikumar, S. Anish, V. Hariram, SS Lindsay, D. Adarsh, S. Anirudh, V. Bala Ankireddy, Patan Irfan Khan","doi":"10.4273/ijvss.15.1.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4273/ijvss.15.1.19","url":null,"abstract":"Magnesium based alloys are some of the widely used light weight metals in vehicles and aerospace industries, but these materials are having low strength to weight ratio when compared to aluminium. To enhance their strength to weight ratio, some ceramic materials like carbides and oxides of metals are added as reinforcements. In this work, AZ31 magnesium alloy is reinforced with 1%, 2% and 3% of Groundnut Shell Ash particles (GSAp) through powder metallurgy. Micro hardness and compressive strength are studied and the microstructural analysis is also done. The addition of ash particles as reinforcement has not shown much variation in the strength and hardness. The addition of ash particles of more than 3% leads to crack. The addition of ash particles increases the rate of corrosion.","PeriodicalId":14391,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vehicle Structures and Systems","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72448659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Manjunath Vatnalmath, C. R. Raghavendra, V. Auradi, V. Bharath, N. Nagaraj, Madeva Nagaral
Recent advancements in the field of coating have shown that the Ni-Al2O3 electrodeposited coatings are of excellent wear-resistant, corrosion-resistant. In this study, Ni-Al2O3 composite coating is produced by electrodeposition process by using standard watts bath due to the advantage over other coating techniques. Al2O3 nanoparticles are co-deposited on AA6061 with Nickel. There are many parameters that influence the coating characteristics, however, in this study temperature, current density and percentage of nanoparticle loading are considered as significant parameters. Optimization of the coating parameters is examined by using the Taguchi method. The coating morphology and microstructure are studied using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The dry sliding wear behaviour of composite coatings is tested on a pin-on-disc wear test rig.
{"title":"Optimization of Coating Parameters on Dry Sliding Wear Behaviour of Ni-Al2O3 Composite Coatings using Taguchi Method","authors":"Manjunath Vatnalmath, C. R. Raghavendra, V. Auradi, V. Bharath, N. Nagaraj, Madeva Nagaral","doi":"10.4273/ijvss.15.1.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4273/ijvss.15.1.16","url":null,"abstract":"Recent advancements in the field of coating have shown that the Ni-Al2O3 electrodeposited coatings are of excellent wear-resistant, corrosion-resistant. In this study, Ni-Al2O3 composite coating is produced by electrodeposition process by using standard watts bath due to the advantage over other coating techniques. Al2O3 nanoparticles are co-deposited on AA6061 with Nickel. There are many parameters that influence the coating characteristics, however, in this study temperature, current density and percentage of nanoparticle loading are considered as significant parameters. Optimization of the coating parameters is examined by using the Taguchi method. The coating morphology and microstructure are studied using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). The dry sliding wear behaviour of composite coatings is tested on a pin-on-disc wear test rig.","PeriodicalId":14391,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vehicle Structures and Systems","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81147480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It is a great challenge for us to understand and to predict the concept of liquid propellant rocket engines combustion instability due to high complex turbulent combustion process. Traditional methods have been adopted to eliminate the combustion instabilities which will increase system damping. Such methods usually suffer deficiencies with lack of study on fundamental mechanism. Difficulties have been faced during the process of various phenomena such include spray formation process, turbulent multiphase flow conditions, hydrodynamics of injection and transport characteristics of individual droplets. The ultimate aim of every engine design is to prevent occurrence of this combustion instability and to maintain reliable operation during entire span of the combustion process. This article is focused on occurrence of various type of combustion instabilities in liquid propellant rocket engine and its preventing methods in detail.
{"title":"Combustion Instabilities and its Control Techniques for Liquid Propellant Rocket Engine","authors":"V. Siva, R. Sivakumar, L. Dinesh Prasaad","doi":"10.4273/ijvss.15.1.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4273/ijvss.15.1.23","url":null,"abstract":"It is a great challenge for us to understand and to predict the concept of liquid propellant rocket engines combustion instability due to high complex turbulent combustion process. Traditional methods have been adopted to eliminate the combustion instabilities which will increase system damping. Such methods usually suffer deficiencies with lack of study on fundamental mechanism. Difficulties have been faced during the process of various phenomena such include spray formation process, turbulent multiphase flow conditions, hydrodynamics of injection and transport characteristics of individual droplets. The ultimate aim of every engine design is to prevent occurrence of this combustion instability and to maintain reliable operation during entire span of the combustion process. This article is focused on occurrence of various type of combustion instabilities in liquid propellant rocket engine and its preventing methods in detail.","PeriodicalId":14391,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vehicle Structures and Systems","volume":"13 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90773306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The corrugated foam core sandwich construction is used in variety of structural applications. These structures are subjected to flexural, impact, edgewise compression and shear loads. Traditional process for manufacturing of sandwich panel is not suitable for making corrugated core sandwich panel. In this work a novel methodology has been developed for construction of corrugated foam core sandwich panel. The present study focuses on the flexural behaviour of sandwich panel by varying the foam densities and corrugated cell. Two types of densities with one cell and two cells are used. The sandwich employs a Glass Reinforced Polymer (GRP) orthotropic material for both the two outer skins and the inner core web. In particular, the core is designed to have uneven topology to cooperate with GRP skins in membrane and flexural properties by adding a corrugated foam core. At first, a comparison has been performed between different density foams. Initially, 40 kg/m3 with 1 unit cell and 32 kg/m3 with 1 unit cell are compared, and then the same densities are compared with 2 cells. Among all, 40 kg/m3 with two cells shows highest flexural strength compared to the other specimens. Also, the sandwich panel with an empty core has been tested to understand the strength of the face sheet and corrugated core.
{"title":"Flexural Characterisation of Sandwich Panel with Corrugated Glass Reinforced Polymer","authors":"R. Sathishbabu, R. Santhanakrishnan","doi":"10.4273/ijvss.15.1.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4273/ijvss.15.1.01","url":null,"abstract":"The corrugated foam core sandwich construction is used in variety of structural applications. These structures are subjected to flexural, impact, edgewise compression and shear loads. Traditional process for manufacturing of sandwich panel is not suitable for making corrugated core sandwich panel. In this work a novel methodology has been developed for construction of corrugated foam core sandwich panel. The present study focuses on the flexural behaviour of sandwich panel by varying the foam densities and corrugated cell. Two types of densities with one cell and two cells are used. The sandwich employs a Glass Reinforced Polymer (GRP) orthotropic material for both the two outer skins and the inner core web. In particular, the core is designed to have uneven topology to cooperate with GRP skins in membrane and flexural properties by adding a corrugated foam core. At first, a comparison has been performed between different density foams. Initially, 40 kg/m3 with 1 unit cell and 32 kg/m3 with 1 unit cell are compared, and then the same densities are compared with 2 cells. Among all, 40 kg/m3 with two cells shows highest flexural strength compared to the other specimens. Also, the sandwich panel with an empty core has been tested to understand the strength of the face sheet and corrugated core.","PeriodicalId":14391,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vehicle Structures and Systems","volume":"217 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74174913","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A proven viable technology to reduce vehicular exhaust gas emission is the catalytic converter. Although catalyst converters are an effective and efficient method to react to certain pollutants, they are expensive due to the use of noble metals like palladium, platinum and rhodium. Various research has been carried out to find a viable alternative to the noble metal catalyst that can react over vehicular pollutants such as oxides of nitrogen (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), unburnt hydrocarbon (UBHC) and particulate matter (PM) emitted by the combustion of hydrocarbon burnt internal combustion engine. This paper investigates the emission characteristics of a nano-particle-coated catalytic converter in a conventional fossil-fuelled compression ignition engine. The catalyst used in the research is a nano-particle of metal oxides such as aluminium oxide (nano-sized Al2O3) particle and titanium oxide nano-sized (TiO2) particle. This catalyst is less expensive compared to a noble catalyst. Experiments were made on a single cylinder four strokes water-cooled diesel-fuelled compression ignition engine with a catalytic converter coated with alternative nano-particles. The exhaust gas was allowed to pass through the nano-sized catalyst deposited over the honeycomb structure of the substrate of the catalytic converter and the emission was measured using a five-gas analyser. The result showed a decreased level of oxides of nitrogen.
{"title":"An Experimental Study on the Emission Characteristics in CI Engine using Nano Particle Coated Catalytic Converter","authors":"P. Ramanathan, R. Rajavel","doi":"10.4273/ijvss.15.1.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4273/ijvss.15.1.09","url":null,"abstract":"A proven viable technology to reduce vehicular exhaust gas emission is the catalytic converter. Although catalyst converters are an effective and efficient method to react to certain pollutants, they are expensive due to the use of noble metals like palladium, platinum and rhodium. Various research has been carried out to find a viable alternative to the noble metal catalyst that can react over vehicular pollutants such as oxides of nitrogen (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), unburnt hydrocarbon (UBHC) and particulate matter (PM) emitted by the combustion of hydrocarbon burnt internal combustion engine. This paper investigates the emission characteristics of a nano-particle-coated catalytic converter in a conventional fossil-fuelled compression ignition engine. The catalyst used in the research is a nano-particle of metal oxides such as aluminium oxide (nano-sized Al2O3) particle and titanium oxide nano-sized (TiO2) particle. This catalyst is less expensive compared to a noble catalyst. Experiments were made on a single cylinder four strokes water-cooled diesel-fuelled compression ignition engine with a catalytic converter coated with alternative nano-particles. The exhaust gas was allowed to pass through the nano-sized catalyst deposited over the honeycomb structure of the substrate of the catalytic converter and the emission was measured using a five-gas analyser. The result showed a decreased level of oxides of nitrogen.","PeriodicalId":14391,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vehicle Structures and Systems","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77835216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Benjamin Franklin Selvanayagam, S. Palani, P. Gopi, R. Siranjeevi, P. Saran Jeyahar
The use of petrol and diesel engines is very high. But the environment is also polluted according to its use. Currently many researches are being carried out to reduce the pollutions in engines such as by the addition of nano particles and other seed oils. This research is carried out to study the effect of nanoparticles combined with diesel to increase efficiency and also to reduce emissions. The use of nanoparticles can increase engine performance and reduces emissions. A single-cylinder four stroke vertical diesel engine is used to inspect the nanoparticles. The additives used in the researches are zinc oxide nanoparticles and cobalt oxide nano particles. Zinc oxide (ZnO) and cobalt oxide (Co3O4) were mixed with diesel fuel from 5 to 8 ppm ratio. Better value of brake thermal efficiency was obtained at D + 7ppm.
{"title":"Experimental Investigation in Performance Evaluation of Nano Additives Diesel Blend using Diesel Engine","authors":"Benjamin Franklin Selvanayagam, S. Palani, P. Gopi, R. Siranjeevi, P. Saran Jeyahar","doi":"10.4273/ijvss.15.1.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4273/ijvss.15.1.22","url":null,"abstract":"The use of petrol and diesel engines is very high. But the environment is also polluted according to its use. Currently many researches are being carried out to reduce the pollutions in engines such as by the addition of nano particles and other seed oils. This research is carried out to study the effect of nanoparticles combined with diesel to increase efficiency and also to reduce emissions. The use of nanoparticles can increase engine performance and reduces emissions. A single-cylinder four stroke vertical diesel engine is used to inspect the nanoparticles. The additives used in the researches are zinc oxide nanoparticles and cobalt oxide nano particles. Zinc oxide (ZnO) and cobalt oxide (Co3O4) were mixed with diesel fuel from 5 to 8 ppm ratio. Better value of brake thermal efficiency was obtained at D + 7ppm.","PeriodicalId":14391,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Vehicle Structures and Systems","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74915472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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