A distributed system, consisting of a network of short-range millimetre-wave (95 GHz) radar for the surveillance of an airport surface is described. In addition to the traditional detection capabilities of the radar, the system is fledged with imaging capabilities, due to its high resolution sensors. A demo set-up demonstrates the surface miniradar concept.
{"title":"Advanced airport surveillance and imaging using the surface miniradar network","authors":"M. Ferri, G. Galati, F. Marti, M. Naldi","doi":"10.1109/ICR.1996.573818","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICR.1996.573818","url":null,"abstract":"A distributed system, consisting of a network of short-range millimetre-wave (95 GHz) radar for the surveillance of an airport surface is described. In addition to the traditional detection capabilities of the radar, the system is fledged with imaging capabilities, due to its high resolution sensors. A demo set-up demonstrates the surface miniradar concept.","PeriodicalId":144063,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of International Radar Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131992671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We will build a theoretical model to describe the rainfall, and obtain a theoretical raindrop-size distribution (DSD). From the result, we can know that it is more similar to the Weibull distribution. We propose a new Weibull DSD by using the measurements. The rain attenuation coefficient calculated from this DSD shows a good agreement with some experimental data.
{"title":"Theoretical derivation of raindrop-size distribution and its application to radio wave propagation","authors":"Hua Jiang, M. Sang, M. Sekine","doi":"10.1109/ICR.1996.574567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICR.1996.574567","url":null,"abstract":"We will build a theoretical model to describe the rainfall, and obtain a theoretical raindrop-size distribution (DSD). From the result, we can know that it is more similar to the Weibull distribution. We propose a new Weibull DSD by using the measurements. The rain attenuation coefficient calculated from this DSD shows a good agreement with some experimental data.","PeriodicalId":144063,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of International Radar Conference","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129479697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper evaluates the performance of partial adaptive space-time adaptive processing (STAP) approaches based on Doppler prefiltering for inclined sideways looking array (ISLA) airborne radar, in which the angle between the axis of a linear antenna array with that of platform flight is not zero. In ISLA the STAP is more complex than that in a sideways looking array (SLA), which is the particular case that these two axes are identical. After analyzing the characteristics of the clutter spectrum in ISLA, the principle of reduced rank STAP based on prefiltering is proposed and discussed. Also, several computer simulations are presented.
{"title":"Evaluation of adaptive space-time processing for inclined sideways looking array airborne radars","authors":"Liao Guisheng, B. Zheng, Xu Zhiyong","doi":"10.1109/ICR.1996.573776","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICR.1996.573776","url":null,"abstract":"This paper evaluates the performance of partial adaptive space-time adaptive processing (STAP) approaches based on Doppler prefiltering for inclined sideways looking array (ISLA) airborne radar, in which the angle between the axis of a linear antenna array with that of platform flight is not zero. In ISLA the STAP is more complex than that in a sideways looking array (SLA), which is the particular case that these two axes are identical. After analyzing the characteristics of the clutter spectrum in ISLA, the principle of reduced rank STAP based on prefiltering is proposed and discussed. Also, several computer simulations are presented.","PeriodicalId":144063,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of International Radar Conference","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116756854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The target detection procedure in a radar sensor for car application is a very important point, due to the strong requirements for extreme low false alarm rates. Furthermore, multi-target situations with up to 10 targets inside a single CFAR window may occur when driving on routes and highways. In this paper the performance of an OS CFAR method is described, applied in an FMCW radar based automotive intelligent cruise control (AICC) system. It is shown that for the applied frequency coded type of waveform OS CFAR is a powerful technique to ensure both reliable detection and very low false alarm rate simultaneously. The applied CFAR procedure can be optimized regarding the required low computational complexity. Theoretical and practical results are presented.
{"title":"OS CFAR performance in a 77 GHz radar sensor for car application","authors":"H. Rohling, R. mende","doi":"10.1109/ICR.1996.573784","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICR.1996.573784","url":null,"abstract":"The target detection procedure in a radar sensor for car application is a very important point, due to the strong requirements for extreme low false alarm rates. Furthermore, multi-target situations with up to 10 targets inside a single CFAR window may occur when driving on routes and highways. In this paper the performance of an OS CFAR method is described, applied in an FMCW radar based automotive intelligent cruise control (AICC) system. It is shown that for the applied frequency coded type of waveform OS CFAR is a powerful technique to ensure both reliable detection and very low false alarm rate simultaneously. The applied CFAR procedure can be optimized regarding the required low computational complexity. Theoretical and practical results are presented.","PeriodicalId":144063,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of International Radar Conference","volume":"86 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114781558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We perform a detailed analysis of experimental data, collected at Osborne Gunnery Range with MacMaster University IPIX radar, to test the theoretical models developed in the literature. A comparison of the amplitude histograms with the K and lognormal distribution shows that VV data exhibit a K behaviour, while HH data are better fitted by a lognormal model and cross-polarised data by a K plus thermal noise model. The results have been confirmed by comparing the first four moments and through a modified version of the Kolmogoroff-Smirnoff test. The validity of the compound model, that identifies two components of clutter fluctuations, has been proved for the VV polarisation. The texture component, deriving from the spatially varying mean level has been isolated, since the speckle component was decorrelated by the frequency agility. These results are of great importance for design of optimum target detection schemes.
{"title":"Analysis of sea clutter radar data","authors":"A. Farina, F. Gini, M. Greco, L. Verrazzani","doi":"10.1109/ICR.1996.573785","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICR.1996.573785","url":null,"abstract":"We perform a detailed analysis of experimental data, collected at Osborne Gunnery Range with MacMaster University IPIX radar, to test the theoretical models developed in the literature. A comparison of the amplitude histograms with the K and lognormal distribution shows that VV data exhibit a K behaviour, while HH data are better fitted by a lognormal model and cross-polarised data by a K plus thermal noise model. The results have been confirmed by comparing the first four moments and through a modified version of the Kolmogoroff-Smirnoff test. The validity of the compound model, that identifies two components of clutter fluctuations, has been proved for the VV polarisation. The texture component, deriving from the spatially varying mean level has been isolated, since the speckle component was decorrelated by the frequency agility. These results are of great importance for design of optimum target detection schemes.","PeriodicalId":144063,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of International Radar Conference","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134429063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Liu Guo-sui, Wang Yunhong, Yang Chunling, Z. Dequan
This paper discusses the radial basis function (RBF) neural networks used in the radar target classification. To enhance the classification rate, the structure of the modified radial basis function (MRBF) neural network is proposed. Two kinds of MRBF networks which are called the MRBF1 network and the MRBF2 network are discussed in this paper. From the theory as well as computer simulations, we find that the performance of the MRBF network is superior to the RBF network and the MRBF2 network gets higher classification rate than the MRBF1 network.
{"title":"Radar target classification based on radial basis function and modified radial basis function networks","authors":"Liu Guo-sui, Wang Yunhong, Yang Chunling, Z. Dequan","doi":"10.1109/ICR.1996.573808","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICR.1996.573808","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the radial basis function (RBF) neural networks used in the radar target classification. To enhance the classification rate, the structure of the modified radial basis function (MRBF) neural network is proposed. Two kinds of MRBF networks which are called the MRBF1 network and the MRBF2 network are discussed in this paper. From the theory as well as computer simulations, we find that the performance of the MRBF network is superior to the RBF network and the MRBF2 network gets higher classification rate than the MRBF1 network.","PeriodicalId":144063,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of International Radar Conference","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130582481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The spotlight mode SAR imaging procedure can be modeled in two ways. One is from the projectional information introduced from computer-aided tomography (CAT) founded on the projection-slice theorem. By quoting the concept "projection" from CAT to microwave imaging, the spotlight mode SAR can be interpreted as a narrow band tomography reconstruction problem in the far field and small rotation angle situation. Another kind of modeling in the spotlight mode SAR comes from the conventional stripmap SAR directly, in which the processed echo returns are verified to have the same Fourier information as that in the first way. From these two points of view, the spotlight mode SAR can be unified to the problem of Fourier reconstruction (FR). A common problem motion through resolution cells (MTRC) caused by relative rotation in spotlight SAR is characterized as a main factor in imaging smearing or defocusing. Data polar formatting is adopted as an effective solution either of data reconstruction or phase focusing.
{"title":"Fourier reconstruction in spotlight mode SAR imaging","authors":"H. Wen, Mao Shiyi","doi":"10.1109/ICR.1996.574456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICR.1996.574456","url":null,"abstract":"The spotlight mode SAR imaging procedure can be modeled in two ways. One is from the projectional information introduced from computer-aided tomography (CAT) founded on the projection-slice theorem. By quoting the concept \"projection\" from CAT to microwave imaging, the spotlight mode SAR can be interpreted as a narrow band tomography reconstruction problem in the far field and small rotation angle situation. Another kind of modeling in the spotlight mode SAR comes from the conventional stripmap SAR directly, in which the processed echo returns are verified to have the same Fourier information as that in the first way. From these two points of view, the spotlight mode SAR can be unified to the problem of Fourier reconstruction (FR). A common problem motion through resolution cells (MTRC) caused by relative rotation in spotlight SAR is characterized as a main factor in imaging smearing or defocusing. Data polar formatting is adopted as an effective solution either of data reconstruction or phase focusing.","PeriodicalId":144063,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of International Radar Conference","volume":"197 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126055924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the case of high resolution radar and/or low grazing angles, the amplitude statistic of radar clutter is found to exhibit large deviations from the Rayleigh distribution, so the classical Gaussian model is no longer applicable. The compound model with SIRP and AR is proposed to describe the non-Gaussian correlated clutter. The simulation data of the clutter returns with K amplitude distribution are generated and statistically tested by computer. The results show that the model is suitable and accurate. Finally, work on fitting actual observed data is considered.
{"title":"Modeling and simulation of non-Gaussian correlated clutter","authors":"Fang Sujuan, Li Wugao, Zhu Dejun","doi":"10.1109/ICR.1996.573805","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICR.1996.573805","url":null,"abstract":"In the case of high resolution radar and/or low grazing angles, the amplitude statistic of radar clutter is found to exhibit large deviations from the Rayleigh distribution, so the classical Gaussian model is no longer applicable. The compound model with SIRP and AR is proposed to describe the non-Gaussian correlated clutter. The simulation data of the clutter returns with K amplitude distribution are generated and statistically tested by computer. The results show that the model is suitable and accurate. Finally, work on fitting actual observed data is considered.","PeriodicalId":144063,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of International Radar Conference","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128955257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Sosulin, K. Gavrilov, A. Wojtkiewicz, M. Naiecz
In the present paper multichannel k-stage detectors of radar signals are considered. An efficient technique for analysis and optimization of k-stage detection procedures is presented. This technique can be applied for various models of useful signal, noise and clutter, as well as for various structures of detector. Using the proposed technique, some specific detectors for the number of stages k=2,3,4 were designed. It is shown that the proposed detectors show better performance compared with conventional multichannel detectors with a fixed observation time (i.e., detectors of Neyman-Pearson's type).
{"title":"k-stage radar detection","authors":"Y. Sosulin, K. Gavrilov, A. Wojtkiewicz, M. Naiecz","doi":"10.1109/ICR.1996.573782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICR.1996.573782","url":null,"abstract":"In the present paper multichannel k-stage detectors of radar signals are considered. An efficient technique for analysis and optimization of k-stage detection procedures is presented. This technique can be applied for various models of useful signal, noise and clutter, as well as for various structures of detector. Using the proposed technique, some specific detectors for the number of stages k=2,3,4 were designed. It is shown that the proposed detectors show better performance compared with conventional multichannel detectors with a fixed observation time (i.e., detectors of Neyman-Pearson's type).","PeriodicalId":144063,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of International Radar Conference","volume":"328 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115873770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The digital beamforming (DBF) technique discussed is based on a two-step adaptive scheme. A main beam is formed by a conventional digital beamforming algorithm. The space positions of M jammers are estimated and then M beams pointing at the directions of M jammers are formed. An adaptive processing of M+1 order is complemented with some adaptive algorithms. A comparison between partial adaptive arrays and two-step adaptive arrays is made.
{"title":"Two-step adaptive sidelobe canceling in the linear array","authors":"Zhao Shuqing, Liu Mei, L. Yongtan","doi":"10.1109/ICR.1996.574510","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICR.1996.574510","url":null,"abstract":"The digital beamforming (DBF) technique discussed is based on a two-step adaptive scheme. A main beam is formed by a conventional digital beamforming algorithm. The space positions of M jammers are estimated and then M beams pointing at the directions of M jammers are formed. An adaptive processing of M+1 order is complemented with some adaptive algorithms. A comparison between partial adaptive arrays and two-step adaptive arrays is made.","PeriodicalId":144063,"journal":{"name":"Proceedings of International Radar Conference","volume":"146 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1996-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127219433","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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