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Prescribed fire increases forage mineral content in grazed rangeland 放火可增加放牧牧场的牧草矿物质含量
IF 3.1 3区 农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2024-07-03 DOI: 10.1071/wf24009
Megan R. Wanchuk, Devan Allen McGranahan, Kevin K. Sedivec, Kendall C. Swanson, Torre J. Hovick
Background

Sustainable rangeland management balances production and conservation. While a broad literature describesthe conservation benefits of prescribed fire, benefits for livestock production have emerged more slowly. Mineral nutrition is important for livestock health and performance, but the impact of prescribed fire on mineral concentration of forages, especially in the northern US Great Plains, remains unknown.

Aims

We investigated how burning affects the mineral concentration of forage early and late in the growing season.

Methods

Data were collected on mixed-grass prairie in south-central North Dakota, USA. Vegetation was clipped from recently burned, 1 year post-fire, 2 years post-fire, and not-yet-burned patches at the same sampling points in spring and late summer. Samples were analysed for calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, copper, iron, manganese, and zinc concentration.

Key results

Burning increased forage mineral concentration across most minerals. Phosphorous, potassium, copper and zinc were higher in burned areas in late spring and summer; calcium, magnesium and manganese were only higher during the late summer; Late-season iron levels increased with time since fire.

Conclusions

Prescribed fire has a positive effect on forage mineral content.

Implications

Prescribed fire has the potential to reduce mineral supplementation costs and improve cow performance.

背景可持续的牧场管理兼顾了生产和保护。尽管有大量文献描述了野火对保护环境的益处,但野火对牲畜生产的益处却出现得较慢。矿物质营养对牲畜的健康和表现非常重要,但野火对牧草(尤其是美国北部大平原)矿物质浓度的影响仍然未知。目的我们研究了焚烧如何影响草料在生长季节初期和后期的矿物质浓度。方法在美国北达科他州中南部的混合草草原上收集数据。在春季和夏末的相同取样点,分别从最近烧过、火烧后 1 年、火烧后 2 年以及尚未烧过的地块剪取植被。对样本进行了钙、磷、镁、钾、铜、铁、锰和锌浓度分析。主要结果焚烧增加了牧草中大多数矿物质的浓度。春末和夏末焚烧地区的磷、钾、铜和锌含量较高;钙、镁和锰仅在夏末含量较高;随着焚烧时间的延长,夏末的铁含量也在增加。结论放火对牧草矿物质含量有积极影响。意义放火有可能降低矿物质补充成本,提高奶牛生产性能。
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引用次数: 0
A comment on the use of visually assessed fuel hazard ratings and scores for Australian fire management and research 关于在澳大利亚火灾管理和研究中使用目测燃料危害等级和分数的评论
IF 3.1 3区 农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2024-07-02 DOI: 10.1071/wf23164
Miguel G. Cruz
Background

Assessment of fuel hazard has become the dominant method of describing Australian forest fuel complexes, despite a lack of evidence supporting the veracity of its underpinning assumptions.

Aims

To analyse and discuss the merits of fuel hazard ratings and scores in representing measurable fuel characteristics, such as fuel load and fire behaviour potential.

Methods

Published findings were reviewed, and available data analysed to investigate the validity of the Australian fuel hazard assessment concepts.

Key results

Multiple published studies showed the Australian fuel hazard assessment methods to be subjective and non-replicable. All available evidence shows no relationship between fuel hazard ratings and fuel quantity. No relationship between the ratings and fire behaviour potential was found.

Conclusions

The principles underpinning the use of fuel hazard ratings for fuel assessment were shown to be unfounded. The ratings cannot be converted into physical fuel characteristics or fire behaviour potential, and its application in Australian fire management is unwarranted.

背景燃料危害评估已成为描述澳大利亚森林燃料综合体的主要方法,尽管缺乏证据支持其基本假设的真实性。目的分析和讨论燃料危害等级和分数在表示可测量的燃料特征(如燃料负荷和火灾行为潜力)方面的优点。方法对已发表的研究结果进行回顾,并对现有数据进行分析,以调查澳大利亚燃料危害评估概念的有效性。主要结果多项已发表的研究表明,澳大利亚的燃料危害评估方法具有主观性和不可复制性。所有可用证据都表明,燃料危险等级与燃料数量之间没有关系。评级与潜在火灾行为之间也没有关系。结论在燃料评估中使用燃料危险等级所依据的原则是没有根据的。这些等级无法转换为物理燃料特征或火灾行为潜力,因此在澳大利亚火灾管理中应用这些等级是没有必要的。
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引用次数: 0
Spot ignition of a wildland fire and its transition to propagation 野地火灾的点燃及其向蔓延的过渡
IF 3.1 3区 农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2024-06-28 DOI: 10.1071/wf23207
Supan Wang, Maria Thomsen, Xinyan Huang, Carlos Fernandez-Pello
Background

The prediction of the propagation of wildland fires is an important socio-technical problem. Wildland fires are often initiated by small spot ignition sources and then spread to larger burning areas.

Methods

Experiments are conducted for the spotting ignition of a forest surface fuel (pine needles) in a relatively large (up to 1 m2), horizontal laboratory bed, and the subsequent fire spread without wind. The spotting ignition sources are a cluster of steel particles, an ember and a small pilot flame.

Key results and conclusions

Wildfire spread has an initial acceleration phase, with the growth of the burned area in the fuel bed following a power law dependence in time, almost independent of the ignition source. Comparison with previous larger-scale experiments and FARSITE modelling of the fire spread over similar fuel beds shows that the power function with time describes well the combined results of the initial wildfire growth and the transition to larger fire propagation for relatively long times.

Implications

The Rothermel equation under different environmental conditions may be extended to describe the initial accelerative growth of a spot fire. This work supports the modelling of fire propagation that currently is geared to a later time in the development of a wildfire.

背景预测野地火灾的传播是一个重要的社会技术问题。野地火灾通常由小点火源引发,然后蔓延到更大的燃烧区域。方法在一个相对较大(最多 1 m2)的水平实验床上进行了森林表面燃料(松针)的点燃实验,以及随后无风的火势蔓延实验。点火源是一簇钢粒、一个微火和一个小引火火焰。主要结果和结论野火蔓延有一个初始加速阶段,燃料床燃烧面积的增长与时间呈幂律关系,几乎与点火源无关。与之前更大规模的实验以及 FARSITE 对类似燃料层上的火势蔓延所做的建模比较表明,随时间变化的幂函数很好地描述了初始野火增长的综合结果,以及在相对较长的时间内向更大火势蔓延的过渡。意义不同环境条件下的 Rothermel 方程可扩展用于描述点火的初始加速增长。这项工作为目前针对野火发展后期的火灾传播建模提供了支持。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of live/dead condition, moisture content and particle size on flammability of gorse (Ulex europaeus) measured with a cone calorimeter 用锥形量热计测量活/死状态、含水量和颗粒大小对戈壁草(Ulex europaeus)可燃性的影响
IF 3.1 3区 农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2024-06-26 DOI: 10.1071/wf23167
Katharine O. Melnik, Andres Valencia, Marwan Katurji, Daniel Nilsson, Greg Baker, Oleg M. Melnik, H. Grant Pearce, Tara M. Strand
Background

Live fuel comprises a significant portion of the fuel consumed in forest and scrub crown fires. However, its flammability remains poorly understood. Although live fuel differs from dead fuel in moisture content, chemical composition, cellular structure and physiological characteristics, its higher moisture content masks the effect of other characteristics on its flammability.

Aims

The aim of the study was to delineate and assess the effects of live/dead condition, moisture content and particle size on flammability of gorse (Ulex europaeus L.).

Methods

Live and dead gorse material of three size classes (0–3, 3–6, and 6–10 mm in diameter) at six moisture contents (0, 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100%) was tested in a cone calorimeter to evaluate its flammability using new sample preparation and moisture conditioning techniques.

Key results

On average, live fuel ignited 21% slower, reached 11% higher peak heat release rate, and had a 12% shorter burn duration than dead fuel of the same moisture content. These differences were most pronounced in coarser material.

Conclusions

For gorse, fine dead fuels increase the likelihood of ignition, fine live fuels contribute to high burning intensities, and coarser live and dead fuels prolong combustion.

Implications

These findings highlight the need to account for flammability differences between live and dead fuels in fire behaviour models beyond those driven by variations in moisture content.

背景活燃料在森林和灌丛树冠火灾所消耗的燃料中占很大一部分。然而,人们对其可燃性仍然知之甚少。虽然活燃料在含水量、化学成分、细胞结构和生理特征方面与死燃料不同,但其较高的含水量掩盖了其他特征对其可燃性的影响。研究目的这项研究的目的是界定和评估活/死状态、含水量和颗粒大小对戈壁草(Ulex europaeus L.)可燃性的影响。方法采用新的样品制备和水分调节技术,在锥形量热计中测试了六种水分含量(0、10、25、50、75 和 100%)下三种大小级别(直径 0-3、3-6 和 6-10 毫米)的活体和死体戈壁草材料,以评估其可燃性。主要结果与相同水分含量的死燃料相比,活燃料的平均点燃速度慢 21%,峰值放热率高 11%,燃烧持续时间短 12%。这些差异在较粗的材料中最为明显。结论对于戈壁草来说,细死燃料会增加点燃的可能性,细活燃料会导致高燃烧强度,而较粗的活燃料和死燃料会延长燃烧时间。启示这些发现突出表明,在火灾行为模型中需要考虑到活燃料和死燃料之间的可燃性差异,而不是由含水量变化引起的差异。
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引用次数: 0
Future fire events are likely to be worse than climate projections indicate – these are some of the reasons why 未来的火灾事件很可能比气候预测显示的更严重--以下是部分原因
IF 3.1 3区 农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2024-06-19 DOI: 10.1071/wf23138
Mika Peace, Lachlan McCaw
Background

Climate projections signal longer fire seasons and an increase in the number of dangerous fire weather days for much of the world including Australia.

Aims

Here we argue that heatwaves, dynamic fire–atmosphere interactions and increased fuel availability caused by drought will amplify potential fire behaviour well beyond projections based on calculations of afternoon forest fire danger derived from climate models.

Methods

We review meteorological dynamics contributing to enhanced fire behaviour during heatwaves, drawing on examples of dynamical processes driving fire behaviour during the Australian Black Summer bushfires of 2019–20.

Results

Key dynamical processes identified include: nocturnal low-level jets, deep, unstable planetary boundary layers and fire–atmosphere coupling.

Conclusions

The future scenario we contend is long windows of multi-day fire events where overnight suppression is less effective and fire perimeters will expand continuously and aggressively over multiple days and nights.

Implications

Greater overnight fire activity and multi-day events present strategic and tactical challenges for fire management agencies including having to expand resourcing for overnight work, manage personnel fatigue and revise training to identify conditions conducive to unusually active fire behaviour overnight. Effective messaging will be critical to minimise accidental fire ignition during heatwaves and to alert the community to the changing fire environment

背景根据气候预测,包括澳大利亚在内的世界大部分地区的火灾季节将延长,危险的火灾天气日数将增加。目的在此,我们认为热浪、动态的火灾-大气相互作用以及干旱造成的燃料供应量增加将使潜在的火灾行为扩大,远远超出根据气候模型计算出的午后森林火灾危险所做的预测。方法我们以 2019-20 年澳大利亚黑色夏季丛林大火期间驱动火灾行为的动态过程为例,回顾了导致热浪期间火灾行为加剧的气象动态过程。结果发现的主要动力学过程包括:夜间低空喷流、深层不稳定行星边界层以及火灾-大气耦合。结论我们认为,未来的情景是多日火灾事件的长窗口,在这种情况下,隔夜灭火的效果较差,火灾范围将在多个昼夜持续、猛烈地扩大。影响更多的隔夜火灾活动和多日火灾事件给火灾管理机构带来了战略和战术上的挑战,包括必须扩大隔夜工作的资源配置、管理人员疲劳和修改培训内容,以确定有利于异常活跃的隔夜火灾行为的条件。有效的信息传递对于最大限度地减少热浪期间的意外引火以及提醒社区注意不断变化的火灾环境至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
Wildland fire evacuations in Canada from 1980 to 2021 1980 年至 2021 年加拿大野地火灾疏散情况
IF 3.1 3区 农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2024-06-18 DOI: 10.1071/wf23097
Amy Cardinal Christianson, Lynn M. Johnston, Jacqueline A. Oliver, David Watson, David Young, Heather MacDonald, John Little, Bruce Macnab, Noemie Gonzalez Bautista
Background

Every year, people in Canada are evacuated due to wildland fires to avoid death, injury, and illness from fire and smoke events.

Aims

In this paper, we provide an overview of evacuations recorded in the Canadian Wildland Fire Evacuation Database between 1980 and 2021.

Methods

Our analysis covers evacuations in Canada from 1980 to 2021. We provide summary statistics including number of evacuations and evacuees, evacuation duration, seasonality, evacuation causes, community types, structure losses, and fatalities. We also investigate temporal and spatial patterns.

Key results

Between 1980 and 2021, there were 1393 wildland fire evacuation events with 576,747 people evacuated. During this period, there was an overall increase in frequency of evacuations, number of evacuees, and duration of events. Structure loss occurred during 194 evacuation events, with 4105 homes burned. We estimate wildland fire evacuations cost at least CAD3.7 billion (excluding structural losses), jumping to CAD4.6 billion if we include productivity losses. Indigenous peoples are disproportionately impacted in wildfire evacuations compared to the general Canadian population.

Conclusions

Wildland fire evacuations continue to occur across Canada and are increasing.

Implications

The findings from this study give us a better understanding of the characteristics of wildland fire evacuations, which can help guide emergency management.

背景每年,加拿大都会发生野外火灾,人们为了避免火灾和烟雾造成的死亡、受伤和疾病而进行疏散。目的本文概述了加拿大野地火灾疏散数据库记录的 1980 年至 2021 年期间的疏散情况。方法我们的分析涵盖了 1980 年至 2021 年加拿大的疏散情况。我们提供了简要统计数据,包括撤离和撤离人数、撤离持续时间、季节性、撤离原因、社区类型、结构损失和死亡人数。我们还研究了时间和空间模式。主要结果1980 年至 2021 年期间,共发生了 1393 起野外火灾疏散事件,疏散人数达 576,747 人。在此期间,疏散频率、疏散人数和事件持续时间总体上都有所增加。在 194 次疏散事件中,有 4105 所房屋被烧毁,造成了结构性损失。我们估计,野地火灾疏散至少造成 37 亿加元的损失(不包括结构性损失),如果将生产力损失计算在内,则会增加到 46 亿加元。与加拿大总人口相比,原住民在野火疏散中受到的影响更大。结论加拿大各地的野火疏散仍在继续,而且还在增加。意义这项研究的结果让我们更好地了解了野地火灾疏散的特点,有助于指导应急管理。
{"title":"Wildland fire evacuations in Canada from 1980 to 2021","authors":"Amy Cardinal Christianson, Lynn M. Johnston, Jacqueline A. Oliver, David Watson, David Young, Heather MacDonald, John Little, Bruce Macnab, Noemie Gonzalez Bautista","doi":"10.1071/wf23097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/wf23097","url":null,"abstract":"<strong> Background</strong><p>Every year, people in Canada are evacuated due to wildland fires to avoid death, injury, and illness from fire and smoke events.</p><strong> Aims</strong><p>In this paper, we provide an overview of evacuations recorded in the Canadian Wildland Fire Evacuation Database between 1980 and 2021.</p><strong> Methods</strong><p>Our analysis covers evacuations in Canada from 1980 to 2021. We provide summary statistics including number of evacuations and evacuees, evacuation duration, seasonality, evacuation causes, community types, structure losses, and fatalities. We also investigate temporal and spatial patterns.</p><strong> Key results</strong><p>Between 1980 and 2021, there were 1393 wildland fire evacuation events with 576,747 people evacuated. During this period, there was an overall increase in frequency of evacuations, number of evacuees, and duration of events. Structure loss occurred during 194 evacuation events, with 4105 homes burned. We estimate wildland fire evacuations cost at least CAD3.7 billion (excluding structural losses), jumping to CAD4.6 billion if we include productivity losses. Indigenous peoples are disproportionately impacted in wildfire evacuations compared to the general Canadian population.</p><strong> Conclusions</strong><p>Wildland fire evacuations continue to occur across Canada and are increasing.</p><strong> Implications</strong><p>The findings from this study give us a better understanding of the characteristics of wildland fire evacuations, which can help guide emergency management.</p>","PeriodicalId":14464,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Wildland Fire","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2024-06-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141529302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Uncharted territory: governance opportunities for wildfire management and the case of Cyprus 未知领域:野火管理的治理机会和塞浦路斯案例
IF 3.1 3区 农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2024-05-30 DOI: 10.1071/wf23177
Judith A. Kirschner, Toddi A. Steelman, Iris Charalambidou, Salih Gücel, Petros Petrou, Kostakis Papageorgiou, Achilleas Karayiannis, George Boustras

Global environmental and social change are pushing wildfire activity and impact beyond known trajectories. Here, we conducted a targeted review to distill five wildfire challenges that we argue form opportunities for their governance (research aim 1). We exemplified our arguments by drawing from the case of Cyprus (research aim 2), a small island country in the south-east European Mediterranean Basin at risk of extreme wildfire impact. Findings indicate that burning for social and ecological resource benefits, innovative management paradigms and anticipatory governance systems offer actionable solutions to the wildfire paradox and the limits of suppression. Local adaptive institutions and a reconceptualisation of wildfire as a risk and process beyond technocratic interpretations are necessary to account for broader social conditions shaping wildfire regimes and community impact. Governance systems that accommodate collective action have proven suitable to address multiple wildfire complexities linked with different socio-economic systems and values. A systematic literature review, policy review, and qualitative data collection on wildfire management in Cyprus track back to the initial framing. Our case study offers insights for tackling wildfires with actionable steps through overarching governance systems, and illustrates the potential for change in thinking of and acting on wildfire in flammable landscapes globally.

全球环境和社会变革正在推动野火活动和影响超越已知轨迹。在此,我们进行了有针对性的审查,提炼出五项野火挑战,并认为这些挑战为野火治理提供了机遇(研究目的 1)。塞浦路斯是欧洲东南部地中海盆地的一个小岛国,面临极端野火影响的风险。研究结果表明,为社会和生态资源利益而燃烧、创新的管理模式和预见性治理系统为野火悖论和抑制的局限性提供了可行的解决方案。当地的适应性机构以及对野火作为一种风险和过程的重新认识超越了技术官僚的解释,这对于考虑形成野火制度和社区影响的更广泛的社会条件是必要的。事实证明,适应集体行动的管理制度适合解决与不同社会经济制度和价值观相关联的多种野火复杂问题。关于塞浦路斯野火管理的系统文献回顾、政策回顾和定性数据收集可追溯到最初的框架。我们的案例研究为通过总体治理系统以可行步骤应对野火提供了见解,并说明了在全球易燃地貌中改变野火思维和行动的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Long-term post-fire succession of reptiles in an urban remnant in south-western Australia 澳大利亚西南部一处城市遗迹中爬行动物的长期火灾后演替
IF 3.1 3区 农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2024-05-29 DOI: 10.1071/wf24033
Robert A. Davis, Michael D. Craig
Background

Reptile responses to fire may differ between remnants and contiguous vegetation but this is poorly understood.

Aims

We aimed to explore long-term (≤15 years) post-fire responses of reptiles in an urban Banksia woodland remnant.

Methods

We trapped reptiles for 10 nights in November and December each year between 2009 and 2023 inclusive (except 2014 and 2019) to estimate relative abundance. We used mixed models to explore differences between unburnt and burnt sites and changes in both over time.

Key results and conclusions

The reptile community showed short-term negative responses to fire, but communities had returned to their pre-fire state within 3 years. Two species showed short-term (3 and 5 years respectively) negative responses to fire while two species showed positive responses; one in the first year post-fire only, and the other in sites >8 years post-fire. There did not appear to be consistent differences in fire responses between this study and studies conducted in contiguous Banksia woodlands, although differences in study designs renders this conclusion equivocal.

Implications

Reptile communities in Banksia woodland remnants, and the species they contain appear to be relatively robust to a wide range of fire regimes.

背景爬行动物对火灾的反应在残存林地和连片植被之间可能有所不同,但人们对此知之甚少。目的我们旨在探索城市万年青林地残迹中爬行动物在火灾后的长期(≤15 年)反应。方法我们在2009年至2023年期间(2014年和2019年除外)每年11月和12月的10个晚上诱捕爬行动物,以估计相对丰度。我们使用混合模型探讨了未烧毁地点和烧毁地点之间的差异以及两者随时间的变化。主要结果和结论爬行动物群落对火灾表现出短期的负面反应,但群落在 3 年内恢复到火灾前的状态。两个物种对火灾表现出短期(分别为3年和5年)的消极反应,而两个物种则表现出积极反应;其中一个仅在火灾后的第一年,而另一个则在火灾后8年。本研究与在毗连的银杏林地进行的研究在火灾反应方面似乎没有一致的差异,尽管研究设计的差异使这一结论不明确。残存的银杏林中的节肢动物群落及其所包含的物种似乎对各种火灾机制具有相对较强的适应能力。
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引用次数: 0
Framework for a savanna burning emissions abatement methodology applicable to fire-prone miombo woodlands in southern Africa 适用于南部非洲易发生火灾的 miombo 林地的稀树草原燃烧减排方法框架
IF 3.1 3区 农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2024-05-03 DOI: 10.1071/wf23193
Jeremy Russell-Smith, Cameron Yates, Roland Vernooij, Tom Eames, Diane Lucas, Keddy Mbindo, Sarah Banda, Kanembwa Mukoma, Adrian Kaluka, Alex Liseli, Jomo Mafoko, Othusitse Lekoko, Robin Beatty, Mirjam Kaestli, Guido van der Werf, Natasha Ribeiro
Background and aims

To assess development of a robust emissions accounting framework for expansive miombo woodland savannas covering ~2 million km2 of southern Africa that typically are burnt under relatively severe late dry season (LDS) conditions.

Methods

A detailed site-based study of fuel accumulation, combustion and greenhouse gas (GHG) emission factor parameters under early dry season (EDS) and LDS conditions along a central rainfall-productivity and associated miombo vegetation structural and floristics gradient, from lower rainfallsites in northern Botswana to higher rainfall sites in northern Zambia.

Key results

Assembled field data inform core components of the proposed emissions reduction framework: fuel and combustion conditions sampled across the vegetation/productivity gradient can be represented by three defined Vegetation Fuel Types (VFTs); fuel accumulation, combustion and emissions parameters are presented for these. Applying this framework for an illustrative case, GHG emissions (t CO2-e) from EDS fires were one-third to half those of LDS fires per unit area in eligible miombo VFTs.

Conclusions

Our accounting framework supports undertaking EDS fire management to significantly reduce emissions and, realistically, burnt extent at landscape scales. We consider application of presented data to development of formal emissions abatement accounting methods, linkages with potential complementary woody biomass and soil organic carbon sequestration approaches, and necessary caveats concerning implementation issues.

背景和目的评估为南部非洲面积约 200 万平方公里的广阔米松林稀树草原(通常在相对严重的晚旱季(LDS)条件下焚烧)建立一个稳健的排放核算框架的情况。方法沿着中部降雨生产率和相关的米沃姆植被结构和植物学梯度,从博茨瓦纳北部降雨量较低的地点到赞比亚北部降雨量较高的地点,对早期旱季(EDS)和晚期旱季(LDS)条件下的燃料积累、燃烧和温室气体(GHG)排放因子参数进行详细的现场研究。主要成果汇总的实地数据为拟议减排框架的核心组成部分提供了信息:在植被/生产力梯度上采样的燃料和燃烧条件可以用三种定义的植被燃料类型(VFTs)来表示;这些类型的燃料累积、燃烧和排放参数都已列出。在一个说明性案例中应用该框架,在符合条件的灌丛 VFTs 中,EDS 火灾单位面积的温室气体排放量(吨 CO2-e)是 LDS 火灾的三分之一到一半。结论我们的核算框架支持开展 EDS 火灾管理,以大幅减少排放,并切实减少景观尺度上的烧毁范围。我们考虑了将所提供的数据应用于制定正式的减排核算方法、与潜在的补充性木质生物量和土壤有机碳固存方法的联系,以及有关实施问题的必要注意事项。
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引用次数: 0
Near-term fire weather forecasting in the Pacific Northwest using 500-hPa map types 利用 500-HPa 地图类型进行西北太平洋地区近期火灾天气预报
IF 3.1 3区 农林科学 Q1 FORESTRY Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.1071/wf23117
Reed Humphrey, John Saltenberger, John T. Abatzoglou, Alison Cullen
Background

Near-term forecasts of fire danger based on predicted surface weather and fuel dryness are widely used to support the decisions of wildfire managers. The incorporation of synoptic-scale upper-air patterns into predictive models may provide additional value in operational forecasting.

Aims

In this study, we assess the impact of synoptic-scale upper-air patterns on the occurrence of large wildfires and widespread fire outbreaks in the US Pacific Northwest. Additionally, we examine how discrete upper-air map types can augment subregional models of wildfire risk.

Methods

We assess the statistical relationship between synoptic map types, surface weather and wildfire occurrence. Additionally, we compare subregional fire danger models to identify the predictive value contributed by upper-air map types.

Key results

We find that these map types explain variation in wildfire occurrence not captured by fire danger indices based on surface weather alone, with specific map types associated with significantly higher expected daily ignition counts in half of the subregions.

Conclusions

We observe that incorporating upper-air map types enhances the explanatory power of subregional fire danger models.

Implications

Our approach provides value to operational wildfire management and provides a template for how these methods may be implemented in other regions.

背景基于地表天气和燃料干燥度预测的火险短期预报被广泛用于支持野火管理者的决策。将同步尺度上层空气模式纳入预测模型可为业务预测提供更多价值。在这项研究中,我们评估了同步尺度上层空气模式对美国西北太平洋地区大型野火发生和大面积火灾爆发的影响。此外,我们还研究了离散的高层空气地图类型如何增强次区域野火风险模型。方法我们评估了同步地图类型、地表天气和野火发生率之间的统计关系。此外,我们还比较了次区域火险模型,以确定高层大气地图类型的预测价值。主要结果我们发现,这些地图类型可以解释仅基于地表天气的火险指数无法捕捉到的野火发生率的变化,在一半的次区域中,特定地图类型与显著较高的预期日点火次数相关。结论我们发现,纳入高空地图类型增强了次区域火险模型的解释能力。意义我们的方法为野火的实际管理提供了价值,并为如何在其他地区实施这些方法提供了模板。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
International Journal of Wildland Fire
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