A. Garretson, Samantha Mohney, Morgan Cahill, Laurel Griffin, Rachel Silarszka, Natalie Feldsine, M. Napoli, Elizabeth C. Long
Abstract Invasive plants in the riparian zone can negatively affect the characteristics and quality of a watershed. To support the development of a watershed management plan and foster public appreciation of the value of the riparian zone, Mohonk Preserve established a volunteer monitoring program surveying sites for invasive species. Between 2017 and 2019, citizen scientists repeatedly surveyed 20 sites in the Hudson River Valley in New York for 10 invasive plant species: purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria L.), common reed [Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud], multiflora rose (Rosa multiflora Thunb.), garlic mustard [Alliaria petiolata (M. Bieb.) Cavara & Grande], dame's rocket (Hesperis matronalis L.), Japanese knotweed (Polygonum cuspidatum Siebold & Zucc.), wineberry (Rubus phoenicolasius Maxim.), barberry (Berberis spp.), Japanese stiltgrass [Microstegium vimineum (Trin.) A. Camus], and Asiatic bittersweet (oriental bittersweet, Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb.). We found that the number of target species detected was higher on sites closer to paved roads and with increasing drainage area size, while lower with higher percentages of forested land in the basin. Our analysis results highlight variation in the presence of target invasive species across the Hudson River Valley region, highlighting sites and areas to monitor for future introductions and take action to prevent species' invasions. Our results highlight differences in the most relevant abiotic factors for hydrophytes and non-hydrophyte species, underscoring the importance of considering species' life-history traits before the development of management plans for invasive plant species in the riparian zone. Our case study of community-collected data in the Hudson River Valley region using a relatively simple monitoring protocol can provide a road map for other regions fostering volunteer engagement with invasive plants.
{"title":"Citizen science and land use data provide insight into the invasive riparian plant composition of the Hudson River Valley watershed","authors":"A. Garretson, Samantha Mohney, Morgan Cahill, Laurel Griffin, Rachel Silarszka, Natalie Feldsine, M. Napoli, Elizabeth C. Long","doi":"10.1017/inp.2022.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/inp.2022.26","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Invasive plants in the riparian zone can negatively affect the characteristics and quality of a watershed. To support the development of a watershed management plan and foster public appreciation of the value of the riparian zone, Mohonk Preserve established a volunteer monitoring program surveying sites for invasive species. Between 2017 and 2019, citizen scientists repeatedly surveyed 20 sites in the Hudson River Valley in New York for 10 invasive plant species: purple loosestrife (Lythrum salicaria L.), common reed [Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud], multiflora rose (Rosa multiflora Thunb.), garlic mustard [Alliaria petiolata (M. Bieb.) Cavara & Grande], dame's rocket (Hesperis matronalis L.), Japanese knotweed (Polygonum cuspidatum Siebold & Zucc.), wineberry (Rubus phoenicolasius Maxim.), barberry (Berberis spp.), Japanese stiltgrass [Microstegium vimineum (Trin.) A. Camus], and Asiatic bittersweet (oriental bittersweet, Celastrus orbiculatus Thunb.). We found that the number of target species detected was higher on sites closer to paved roads and with increasing drainage area size, while lower with higher percentages of forested land in the basin. Our analysis results highlight variation in the presence of target invasive species across the Hudson River Valley region, highlighting sites and areas to monitor for future introductions and take action to prevent species' invasions. Our results highlight differences in the most relevant abiotic factors for hydrophytes and non-hydrophyte species, underscoring the importance of considering species' life-history traits before the development of management plans for invasive plant species in the riparian zone. Our case study of community-collected data in the Hudson River Valley region using a relatively simple monitoring protocol can provide a road map for other regions fostering volunteer engagement with invasive plants.","PeriodicalId":14470,"journal":{"name":"Invasive Plant Science and Management","volume":"15 1","pages":"174 - 182"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44987553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Asiatic dayflower (Commelina communis L.) is becoming increasingly invasive in Christmas tree plantations in the U.S. Northeast. Response of C. communis to preemergence or postemergence herbicides was evaluated in separate field and greenhouse experiments. The preemergence herbicides consisted of two application rates of flumioxazin (215 and 429 g ai ha–1), hexazinone plus sulfometuron-methyl (316 and 527 g ai ha–1), indaziflam (41 and 82 g ai ha–1), and S-metolachlor (2,136 and 4,272 g ai ha–1). The postemergence herbicides were: bentazon at 1,121 g ai ha–1, clopyralid at 280 g ae ha–1, mesotrione at 526 g ai ha–1, topramezone at 294 g ai ha–1, and triclopyr at 842 g ae ha–1. At 16 wk after treatment, higher rates of flumioxazin (429 g ha–1), hexazinone plus sulfometuron-methyl (527 g ha–1), indaziflam (82 g ha–1), and S-metolachlor (4,272 ha–1) provided 80% to 92% control and reduced C. communis plant density by 84% to 93% compared with the nontreated control. The lower rates of flumioxazin (215 g ha–1), hexazinone plus sulfometuron-methyl (316 g ha–1), and S-metolachlor (2,136 ha–1) gave 65% to 72% control and reduced C. communis plant density by 27% to 75% compared with the nontreated control. The postemergence application of mesotrione at 526 g ha–1, topramezone at 294 g ha–1, and triclopyr at 842 g ha–1 resulted in 76% to 90% control and reduction in dry biomass of 10- to 12-leaf C. communis at 28 d after treatment. Bentazon at 1,121 g ha–1 and clopyralid at 280 g ha–1 applied postemergence were ineffective with <10% control and reduction in C. communis dry biomass. This study showed that C. communis can be managed effectively with currently registered preemergence and postemergence herbicides in Christmas trees.
摘要在美国东北部的圣诞树种植园中，亚洲向日葵（鸭跖草）正变得越来越具有侵略性。在单独的田间和温室试验中评估了C.commons对出苗前或出苗后除草剂的反应。预效除草剂包括两种施用率：氟米恶嗪（215和429 g ai ha–1）、六嗪酮加磺甲基美脲酮（316和527 g ai ha-1）、吲唑福明（41和82 g ai ha－1）和S-甲草胺（2136和4272 g ai ha—1）。出苗后除草剂为：本达松1121 g ai ha–1，吡喃氯280 g ae ha–1、中三酮526 g ai ha-1、托吡酮294 g ai ha-1和三氯吡842 g ae ha-1。在处理后16周，与未处理的对照组相比，更高剂量的氟米恶嗪（429 g ha–1）、六嗪酮加甲基磺脲酮（527 g ha–2）、吲唑福明（82 g ha–3）和S-甲草胺（4272 ha–1。与未处理的对照相比，氟米恶嗪（215 g ha–1）、六嗪酮加甲基磺脲（316 g ha–2）和S-甲草胺（2136 ha–1。在处理后28天，施用526 g ha–1的中三酮、294 g ha–2的顶框酮和842 g ha–3的三氯吡，可使10至12片叶的C.commons的干生物量控制76%至90%，并减少干生物量。在出苗后施用1121 g ha–1的Bentazon和280 g ha–2 0 g ha–3的氯吡唑啉无效，控制和减少了C.commons的干生物量<10%。这项研究表明，在圣诞树上使用目前注册的出苗前和出苗后除草剂可以有效地管理共产主义者。
{"title":"Asiatic dayflower (Commelina communis) control in Douglas fir","authors":"J. Aulakh","doi":"10.1017/inp.2023.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/inp.2023.1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Asiatic dayflower (Commelina communis L.) is becoming increasingly invasive in Christmas tree plantations in the U.S. Northeast. Response of C. communis to preemergence or postemergence herbicides was evaluated in separate field and greenhouse experiments. The preemergence herbicides consisted of two application rates of flumioxazin (215 and 429 g ai ha–1), hexazinone plus sulfometuron-methyl (316 and 527 g ai ha–1), indaziflam (41 and 82 g ai ha–1), and S-metolachlor (2,136 and 4,272 g ai ha–1). The postemergence herbicides were: bentazon at 1,121 g ai ha–1, clopyralid at 280 g ae ha–1, mesotrione at 526 g ai ha–1, topramezone at 294 g ai ha–1, and triclopyr at 842 g ae ha–1. At 16 wk after treatment, higher rates of flumioxazin (429 g ha–1), hexazinone plus sulfometuron-methyl (527 g ha–1), indaziflam (82 g ha–1), and S-metolachlor (4,272 ha–1) provided 80% to 92% control and reduced C. communis plant density by 84% to 93% compared with the nontreated control. The lower rates of flumioxazin (215 g ha–1), hexazinone plus sulfometuron-methyl (316 g ha–1), and S-metolachlor (2,136 ha–1) gave 65% to 72% control and reduced C. communis plant density by 27% to 75% compared with the nontreated control. The postemergence application of mesotrione at 526 g ha–1, topramezone at 294 g ha–1, and triclopyr at 842 g ha–1 resulted in 76% to 90% control and reduction in dry biomass of 10- to 12-leaf C. communis at 28 d after treatment. Bentazon at 1,121 g ha–1 and clopyralid at 280 g ha–1 applied postemergence were ineffective with <10% control and reduction in C. communis dry biomass. This study showed that C. communis can be managed effectively with currently registered preemergence and postemergence herbicides in Christmas trees.","PeriodicalId":14470,"journal":{"name":"Invasive Plant Science and Management","volume":"15 1","pages":"168 - 173"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47379122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Graham, Megan J. Wyllie, Mel Wilkerson, Michael Williams, Angela Sharp, H. Cherry, Paul Martin, Rebecca Campbell, G. Hawkes
Abstract There is limited documentation of cross-tenure collaborative weed management programs, and no consistent set of metrics for evaluating their performance. In this study, 12 weed management practitioners in southeast Australia participated in a qualitative social research project to discuss and document examples of cross-tenure collaborative weed management and critically reflect on whether existing metrics are suitable for evaluating the performance of their programs. Analysis of focus group discussions, project documentation, subsequent reflections, and review of the literature reveal that weed management practitioners, in Australia and elsewhere, mostly rely on metrics that measure weed management inputs, such as herbicides, labor, and costs. Metrics used to evaluate social outcomes focus on benefits for individuals rather than social relationships or achievement of equitable outcomes. Social research on collaborative governance and social science methods more broadly, such as social network analysis and collective narratives, could be used by weed management practitioners to better evaluate and explain social–ecological outcomes over time.
{"title":"Measuring the success of cross-tenure collaborative weed management: insights codeveloped with practitioners","authors":"S. Graham, Megan J. Wyllie, Mel Wilkerson, Michael Williams, Angela Sharp, H. Cherry, Paul Martin, Rebecca Campbell, G. Hawkes","doi":"10.1017/inp.2023.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/inp.2023.4","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract There is limited documentation of cross-tenure collaborative weed management programs, and no consistent set of metrics for evaluating their performance. In this study, 12 weed management practitioners in southeast Australia participated in a qualitative social research project to discuss and document examples of cross-tenure collaborative weed management and critically reflect on whether existing metrics are suitable for evaluating the performance of their programs. Analysis of focus group discussions, project documentation, subsequent reflections, and review of the literature reveal that weed management practitioners, in Australia and elsewhere, mostly rely on metrics that measure weed management inputs, such as herbicides, labor, and costs. Metrics used to evaluate social outcomes focus on benefits for individuals rather than social relationships or achievement of equitable outcomes. Social research on collaborative governance and social science methods more broadly, such as social network analysis and collective narratives, could be used by weed management practitioners to better evaluate and explain social–ecological outcomes over time.","PeriodicalId":14470,"journal":{"name":"Invasive Plant Science and Management","volume":"15 1","pages":"183 - 193"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49398301","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Tahitian bridal veil [Gibasis pellucida (M. Martens & Galeotti) D.R. Hunt], a Central and South America native plant that is often confused with another more well-known invasive plant, small leaf spiderwort (Tradescantia fluminensis Vell.), has become invasive in natural areas throughout Florida. However, very little is known regarding herbicide control or other methods. To begin the process of developing herbicide recommendations for land managers who are working to control G. pellucida, multiple postemergence herbicides were screened for efficacy in a shaded greenhouse to determine active ingredients and/or combinations that warrant further investigation under field conditions. Nine different herbicides or combinations, including glyphosate, triclopyr acid, 2,4-D + triclopyr, aminopyralid, 2,4-D, triclopyr amine, metsulfuron-methyl, fluroxypyr, and glufosinate, were applied at standard label rates and compared with a nontreated control group. Visual control ratings were taken at 2, 4, and 8 wk after treatment (WAT), and shoot dry weights were determined at trial conclusion (8 WAT). Data showed glufosinate and triclopyr (acid and amine) provided the highest level of control, as evidenced by control ratings (100% or complete control) and shoot fresh weight reduction, followed by 2,4-D + triclopyr (∼70%) and fluroxypyr (∼50% control). Metsulfuron-methyl and 2,4-D provided the lowest level of control, with results similar to those for nontreated plants on most evaluation dates.
塔希提新娘面纱[Gibasis pellucida (M. Martens & Galeotti) dr . r . Hunt]是一种中南美洲本土植物，经常与另一种更知名的入侵植物小叶蜘蛛草(Tradescantia fluminensis Vell.)混淆，已经成为佛罗里达州自然地区的入侵植物。然而，对除草剂控制或其他方法知之甚少。为了开始为正在努力控制透明叶蝉的土地管理者制定除草剂建议的过程，在阴凉的温室中筛选了多种羽化后除草剂的功效，以确定有效成分和/或组合，以便在现场条件下进行进一步调查。九种不同的除草剂或组合，包括草甘膦、三氯吡啶酸、2,4- d +三氯吡啶、氨基吡啶、2,4- d、三氯吡啶胺、甲磺隆-甲基、氟氧吡啶和草甘膦，以标准标记率施用，并与未处理的对照组进行比较。在处理后2、4和8周(WAT)进行视觉控制评分，在试验结束(WAT)时测定茎干重。数据显示，草甘膦和三氯吡啶(酸和胺)提供了最高水平的控制，如控制等级(100%或完全控制)和嫩枝鲜重减轻，其次是2,4- d +三氯吡啶(70%)和氟氧吡啶(50%控制)。甲基甲磺隆和2,4- d的控制水平最低，大多数评价日期的结果与未处理的植物相似。
{"title":"Herbicide selection for controlling Tahitian bridal veil (Gibasis pellucida)","authors":"P. Yu, S. Marble, P. Minogue","doi":"10.1017/inp.2022.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/inp.2022.25","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Tahitian bridal veil [Gibasis pellucida (M. Martens & Galeotti) D.R. Hunt], a Central and South America native plant that is often confused with another more well-known invasive plant, small leaf spiderwort (Tradescantia fluminensis Vell.), has become invasive in natural areas throughout Florida. However, very little is known regarding herbicide control or other methods. To begin the process of developing herbicide recommendations for land managers who are working to control G. pellucida, multiple postemergence herbicides were screened for efficacy in a shaded greenhouse to determine active ingredients and/or combinations that warrant further investigation under field conditions. Nine different herbicides or combinations, including glyphosate, triclopyr acid, 2,4-D + triclopyr, aminopyralid, 2,4-D, triclopyr amine, metsulfuron-methyl, fluroxypyr, and glufosinate, were applied at standard label rates and compared with a nontreated control group. Visual control ratings were taken at 2, 4, and 8 wk after treatment (WAT), and shoot dry weights were determined at trial conclusion (8 WAT). Data showed glufosinate and triclopyr (acid and amine) provided the highest level of control, as evidenced by control ratings (100% or complete control) and shoot fresh weight reduction, followed by 2,4-D + triclopyr (∼70%) and fluroxypyr (∼50% control). Metsulfuron-methyl and 2,4-D provided the lowest level of control, with results similar to those for nontreated plants on most evaluation dates.","PeriodicalId":14470,"journal":{"name":"Invasive Plant Science and Management","volume":"15 1","pages":"194 - 198"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"56643912","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. León, N. Creamer, S. C. Reberg‐Horton, A. Franzluebbers
Abstract Tropical spiderwort (Commelina benghalensis L.) is a noxious invasive species and was detected in a long-term experiment in a research farm in Goldsboro, NC. A multistakeholder governance model was used to address the invasion of this species. Regulators insisted on the use of fumigation in all fields, but after intense negotiations, a multi-tier eradication plan was designed and implemented, allowing fumigation outside the long-term experiment and a combination of integrated approaches (including physical removal) and intense monitoring and mapping for long-term experimental fields. In the long-term experiment, C. benghalensis populations decreased logarithmically from more than 50,000 plants in approximately 80 ha in 2005 to 19 plants in less than 1 ha in 2019, with a projection of full eradication by 2024. Despite these results, which were considered to be proof of successful ecological management by university researchers, regulators decided to fumigate the fields containing the remaining 19 plants. This decision was made because regulators considered factors such as professional liability and control efficacy. This created serious disagreements between the different stakeholders who participated in the design of the original plan. Despite the goodwill all parties exhibited at the beginning of the governance process, there were important shortcomings that likely contributed to the disagreements at the end. For example, the plan did not include specific milestones, and there was no clarity about what acceptable progress was based on (i.e., plant numbers or the rate of population decline). Also, no financial limits were established, which made administrators concerned about the financial burden the eradication program had become over time. Multistakeholder governance can effectively address plant invasions, but proper definition of progress and the point at which the program must be modified are critical for success, and all this must be done within a governance model that balances power in the decision-making process.
{"title":"Eradication of Commelina benghalensis in a long-term experiment using a multistakeholder governance model: a case of regulatory concerns defeating ecological management success","authors":"R. León, N. Creamer, S. C. Reberg‐Horton, A. Franzluebbers","doi":"10.1017/inp.2022.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/inp.2022.23","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Tropical spiderwort (Commelina benghalensis L.) is a noxious invasive species and was detected in a long-term experiment in a research farm in Goldsboro, NC. A multistakeholder governance model was used to address the invasion of this species. Regulators insisted on the use of fumigation in all fields, but after intense negotiations, a multi-tier eradication plan was designed and implemented, allowing fumigation outside the long-term experiment and a combination of integrated approaches (including physical removal) and intense monitoring and mapping for long-term experimental fields. In the long-term experiment, C. benghalensis populations decreased logarithmically from more than 50,000 plants in approximately 80 ha in 2005 to 19 plants in less than 1 ha in 2019, with a projection of full eradication by 2024. Despite these results, which were considered to be proof of successful ecological management by university researchers, regulators decided to fumigate the fields containing the remaining 19 plants. This decision was made because regulators considered factors such as professional liability and control efficacy. This created serious disagreements between the different stakeholders who participated in the design of the original plan. Despite the goodwill all parties exhibited at the beginning of the governance process, there were important shortcomings that likely contributed to the disagreements at the end. For example, the plan did not include specific milestones, and there was no clarity about what acceptable progress was based on (i.e., plant numbers or the rate of population decline). Also, no financial limits were established, which made administrators concerned about the financial burden the eradication program had become over time. Multistakeholder governance can effectively address plant invasions, but proper definition of progress and the point at which the program must be modified are critical for success, and all this must be done within a governance model that balances power in the decision-making process.","PeriodicalId":14470,"journal":{"name":"Invasive Plant Science and Management","volume":"15 1","pages":"152 - 159"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42590860","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Howell, D. Hofstra, Mark A. Heilman, R. Richardson
Abstract Invasive aquatic plants constantly threaten freshwaters and associated environs globally. Water resource managers frequently seek new control tactics to combat invasive macrophytes, especially when the availability of herbicides registered for submersed plant control is limited. The synthetic auxin herbicide, florpyrauxifen-benzyl, recently registered (2018) for aquatic site applications in the United States, has shown success in controlling several invasive aquatic weeds. Studies were conducted to evaluate responses of native and invasive submersed plants to florpyrauxifen-benzyl under growth chamber conditions to provide insight on the selectivity of varying herbicide concentrations in New Zealand. Florpyrauxifen-benzyl concentrations evaluated ranged from 0.01 to 107.86 µg ai L–1, encompassing the maximum use concentration (48 µg L–1) for submersed plant applications. Dose–response metrics indicated the New Zealand native species watermilfoil [Myriophyllum triphyllum Orchard] was highly sensitive to florpyrauxifen-benzyl following a 21-d static exposure, having a dry weight 50% effective concentration (EC50) value of 1.2 µg L–1. The invasive species oxygen-weed [Lagarosiphon major (Ridley) Moss] and Canadian waterweed (Elodea canadensis Michx.) were less sensitive, with dry weight EC50 values of 35.4 and >107.86 µg L–1, respectively. Brazilian waterweed (Egeria densa Planch.) was most tolerant to the tested concentrations, as EC50 values were not achieved. Overall, results indicate florpyrauxifen-benzyl demonstrates potential for controlling L. major, with further large-scale screening required to confirm control among field site applications. As the native species (M. triphyllum) was most sensitive to florpyrauxifen-benzyl compared with the invasive plant evaluated (I/N ratio indicated >31.3 times more sensitive), any targeted concentration used for invasive plant control for field applications would likely injure the native M. triphyllum plants. Future studies should investigate additional native and invasive species for management guidance and consider how exposure times influence plant response using similar florpyrauxifen-benzyl concentrations tested in the present study.
{"title":"Susceptibility of native and invasive submersed plants in New Zealand to florpyrauxifen-benzyl in growth chamber exposure studies","authors":"A. Howell, D. Hofstra, Mark A. Heilman, R. Richardson","doi":"10.1017/inp.2022.22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/inp.2022.22","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Invasive aquatic plants constantly threaten freshwaters and associated environs globally. Water resource managers frequently seek new control tactics to combat invasive macrophytes, especially when the availability of herbicides registered for submersed plant control is limited. The synthetic auxin herbicide, florpyrauxifen-benzyl, recently registered (2018) for aquatic site applications in the United States, has shown success in controlling several invasive aquatic weeds. Studies were conducted to evaluate responses of native and invasive submersed plants to florpyrauxifen-benzyl under growth chamber conditions to provide insight on the selectivity of varying herbicide concentrations in New Zealand. Florpyrauxifen-benzyl concentrations evaluated ranged from 0.01 to 107.86 µg ai L–1, encompassing the maximum use concentration (48 µg L–1) for submersed plant applications. Dose–response metrics indicated the New Zealand native species watermilfoil [Myriophyllum triphyllum Orchard] was highly sensitive to florpyrauxifen-benzyl following a 21-d static exposure, having a dry weight 50% effective concentration (EC50) value of 1.2 µg L–1. The invasive species oxygen-weed [Lagarosiphon major (Ridley) Moss] and Canadian waterweed (Elodea canadensis Michx.) were less sensitive, with dry weight EC50 values of 35.4 and >107.86 µg L–1, respectively. Brazilian waterweed (Egeria densa Planch.) was most tolerant to the tested concentrations, as EC50 values were not achieved. Overall, results indicate florpyrauxifen-benzyl demonstrates potential for controlling L. major, with further large-scale screening required to confirm control among field site applications. As the native species (M. triphyllum) was most sensitive to florpyrauxifen-benzyl compared with the invasive plant evaluated (I/N ratio indicated >31.3 times more sensitive), any targeted concentration used for invasive plant control for field applications would likely injure the native M. triphyllum plants. Future studies should investigate additional native and invasive species for management guidance and consider how exposure times influence plant response using similar florpyrauxifen-benzyl concentrations tested in the present study.","PeriodicalId":14470,"journal":{"name":"Invasive Plant Science and Management","volume":"15 1","pages":"133 - 140"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44842417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The invasive annual grass downy brome (Bromus tectorum L.) is a critical threat to the semiarid shrublands that characterize western North America. More abundant fine fuel after invasion typically increases fire frequency in plant communities adapted to relatively infrequent burning, reducing the likelihood of native plant persistence. Currently, imazapic is most often used to manage B. tectorum, but reinvasion from the seedbank after treatment is common. Indaziflam is a newer herbicide recently labeled for use in rangelands grazed by livestock, and many research trials have demonstrated its ability to deplete invasive annual grass seedbanks. We evaluated the effectiveness of indaziflam and imazapic for reducing B. tectorum density and cover over a period of approximately 5 yr (57 mo after treatment [MAT]) at two invaded sagebrush-grassland sites near Pinedale, WY. Treatments included three different indaziflam rates (51, 73, and 102 g ai ha–1) and one imazapic rate (123 g ai ha–1), and these treatments were reapplied to half of each plot at 45 MAT to evaluate the effects of two sequential applications. We also measured perennial grass cover, because positive perennial grass responses were observed after release from B. tectorum competition in other studies, and perennial grasses may provide resistance to B. tectorum reinvasion. Intermediate and high indaziflam rates (73 and 102 g ha–1, respectively) reduced B. tectorum cover and density at 45 MAT, and perennial grass cover responded positively to some treatments, mostly early in the study (≤33 MAT). Imazapic reduced B. tectorum initially, but did not affect density or cover at either site beyond 21 MAT. Reapplication did not substantially improve B. tectorum control at 57 MAT in plots treated with intermediate and high indaziflam rates, suggesting that long-term control with a single indaziflam treatment may be possible in some cases.
摘要入侵的一年生草本绒毛雀麦（Bromus tectorum L.）对北美西部半干旱灌木林构成了严重威胁。入侵后更丰富的细燃料通常会增加植物群落的火灾频率，以适应相对不频繁的燃烧，从而降低本地植物持续存在的可能性。目前，伊玛扎匹克最常用于管理B.tectorum，但处理后从种子库重新侵入是常见的。Indaziflam是一种新的除草剂，最近被标记用于牲畜放牧的牧场，许多研究试验已经证明它有能力耗尽入侵的一年生草种子库。我们在大约5年（治疗后57个月[MAT]）的时间里，在怀俄明州派恩代尔附近的两个被入侵的山艾树草原地点，评估了吲唑仑和伊玛扎匹克降低B.tectorum密度和覆盖率的有效性。治疗包括三种不同的吲唑酮率（51、73和102 g ai ha–1）和一种伊玛扎吡率（123 g ai ha-1），并在45MAT将这些处理重新应用于每个地块的一半，以评估两次连续应用的效果。我们还测量了多年生草本植物的覆盖率，因为在其他研究中，在从B.tectorum竞争中释放后，观察到了积极的多年生草本植物反应，并且多年生草本植物可能对B.tectorium再入侵具有抵抗力。在45 MAT时，中等和高吲唑菌率（分别为73和102 g ha–1）降低了覆盖层和密度，多年生草覆盖层对一些处理有积极反应，主要是在研究早期（≤33 MAT）。Imazapic最初减少了盖氏芽孢杆菌，但在超过21 MAT时不会影响任何一个部位的密度或覆盖率。在用中高吲唑仑治疗的地块中，在57 MAT时再次应用并没有显著改善盖氏芽孢菌的控制，这表明在某些情况下，单次吲唑普兰治疗可能会进行长期控制。
{"title":"Indaziflam reduces downy brome (Bromus tectorum) density and cover five years after treatment in sagebrush-grasslands with no impact on perennial grass cover","authors":"Jacob S. Courkamp, P. Meiman, S. Nissen","doi":"10.1017/inp.2022.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/inp.2022.21","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The invasive annual grass downy brome (Bromus tectorum L.) is a critical threat to the semiarid shrublands that characterize western North America. More abundant fine fuel after invasion typically increases fire frequency in plant communities adapted to relatively infrequent burning, reducing the likelihood of native plant persistence. Currently, imazapic is most often used to manage B. tectorum, but reinvasion from the seedbank after treatment is common. Indaziflam is a newer herbicide recently labeled for use in rangelands grazed by livestock, and many research trials have demonstrated its ability to deplete invasive annual grass seedbanks. We evaluated the effectiveness of indaziflam and imazapic for reducing B. tectorum density and cover over a period of approximately 5 yr (57 mo after treatment [MAT]) at two invaded sagebrush-grassland sites near Pinedale, WY. Treatments included three different indaziflam rates (51, 73, and 102 g ai ha–1) and one imazapic rate (123 g ai ha–1), and these treatments were reapplied to half of each plot at 45 MAT to evaluate the effects of two sequential applications. We also measured perennial grass cover, because positive perennial grass responses were observed after release from B. tectorum competition in other studies, and perennial grasses may provide resistance to B. tectorum reinvasion. Intermediate and high indaziflam rates (73 and 102 g ha–1, respectively) reduced B. tectorum cover and density at 45 MAT, and perennial grass cover responded positively to some treatments, mostly early in the study (≤33 MAT). Imazapic reduced B. tectorum initially, but did not affect density or cover at either site beyond 21 MAT. Reapplication did not substantially improve B. tectorum control at 57 MAT in plots treated with intermediate and high indaziflam rates, suggesting that long-term control with a single indaziflam treatment may be possible in some cases.","PeriodicalId":14470,"journal":{"name":"Invasive Plant Science and Management","volume":"15 1","pages":"122 - 132"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49395745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Lowry, D. Matlaga, N. West, M. Williams, A. Davis
Abstract Several Miscanthus species are cultivated in the U.S. Midwest and Northeast, and feral populations can displace the native plant community and potentially negatively affect ecosystem processes. The monetary cost of eradicating feral Miscanthus populations is unknown, but quantifying eradication costs will inform decisions on whether eradication is a feasible goal and should be considered when totaling the economic damage of invasive species. We managed experimental populations of eulaliagrass (Miscanthus sinensis Andersson) and the giant Miscanthus hybrid (Miscanthus × giganteus J.M. Greef & Deuter ex Hodkinson & Renvoize) in three floodplain forest and three old field sites in central Illinois with the goal of eradication. We recorded the time invested in eradication efforts and tracked survival of Miscanthus plants over a 5-yr period, then estimated the costs associated with eradicating these Miscanthus populations. Finally, we used these estimates to predict the total monetary costs of eradicating existing M. sinensis populations reported on EDDMapS. Miscanthus populations in the old field sites were harder to eradicate, resulting in an average of 290% greater estimated eradication costs compared with the floodplain forest sites. However, the cost and time needed to eradicate Miscanthus populations were similar between Miscanthus species. On-site eradication costs ranged from $390 to $3,316 per site (or $1.3 to $11 m–2) in the old field sites, compared with only $85 to $547 (or $0.92 to $1.82 m–2) to eradicate populations within the floodplain forests, with labor comprising the largest share of these costs. Using our M. sinensis eradication cost estimates in Illinois, we predict that the potential costs to eradicate populations reported on EDDMapS would range from $10 to $37 million, with a median predicted cost of $22 million. The monetary costs of eradicating feral Miscanthus populations should be weighed against the benefits of cultivating these species to provide a comprehensive picture of the relative costs and benefits of adding these species to our landscapes.
{"title":"Estimating local eradication costs for invasive Miscanthus populations throughout the eastern and midwestern United States","authors":"C. Lowry, D. Matlaga, N. West, M. Williams, A. Davis","doi":"10.1017/inp.2022.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/inp.2022.20","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Several Miscanthus species are cultivated in the U.S. Midwest and Northeast, and feral populations can displace the native plant community and potentially negatively affect ecosystem processes. The monetary cost of eradicating feral Miscanthus populations is unknown, but quantifying eradication costs will inform decisions on whether eradication is a feasible goal and should be considered when totaling the economic damage of invasive species. We managed experimental populations of eulaliagrass (Miscanthus sinensis Andersson) and the giant Miscanthus hybrid (Miscanthus × giganteus J.M. Greef & Deuter ex Hodkinson & Renvoize) in three floodplain forest and three old field sites in central Illinois with the goal of eradication. We recorded the time invested in eradication efforts and tracked survival of Miscanthus plants over a 5-yr period, then estimated the costs associated with eradicating these Miscanthus populations. Finally, we used these estimates to predict the total monetary costs of eradicating existing M. sinensis populations reported on EDDMapS. Miscanthus populations in the old field sites were harder to eradicate, resulting in an average of 290% greater estimated eradication costs compared with the floodplain forest sites. However, the cost and time needed to eradicate Miscanthus populations were similar between Miscanthus species. On-site eradication costs ranged from $390 to $3,316 per site (or $1.3 to $11 m–2) in the old field sites, compared with only $85 to $547 (or $0.92 to $1.82 m–2) to eradicate populations within the floodplain forests, with labor comprising the largest share of these costs. Using our M. sinensis eradication cost estimates in Illinois, we predict that the potential costs to eradicate populations reported on EDDMapS would range from $10 to $37 million, with a median predicted cost of $22 million. The monetary costs of eradicating feral Miscanthus populations should be weighed against the benefits of cultivating these species to provide a comprehensive picture of the relative costs and benefits of adding these species to our landscapes.","PeriodicalId":14470,"journal":{"name":"Invasive Plant Science and Management","volume":"15 1","pages":"115 - 121"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48340266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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