Elizabeth J. Katovich, Erik S. Katovich, R. Becker
Abstract Garlic mustard [Alliaria petiolata (M. Bieb.) Cavara & Grande] is an invasive Brassicaceae species native to Europe. As obligate biennials, A. petiolata rosettes require a sufficient length of cold during the winter to flower the following spring. As such, mild winter temperatures could limit the species' potential western and southern distribution in North America. The goal of this research was to characterize the vernalization period required for A. petiolata rosettes to develop the capacity to flower. The objectives of this research were: (1) confirm whether A. petiolata rosettes required a vernalization period to flower; (2) define base and upper temperatures that satisfy the vernalization requirement of A. petiolata rosettes under field conditions; (3) determine the vernalization requirement for flowering and calculate chilling degree days (CDD) accumulated during the cold period; and (4) in a common garden, determine the vernalization requirement of A. petiolata rosettes collected from the southern and northern ranges of its distribution in North America and Europe. The probability of flowering increases as A. petiolata rosettes accumulate CDD. This relationship is defined by a binary logistic (logit) function, with base and maximum temperatures of –3 and 4 C, respectively. The regression equation model predicted that 68 and 120 CDD would result in 50% and 99% probability of flowering, respectively, across all locations. Rosettes from five different seed sources varied in the CDD required for flowering when grown in a common garden. Rosettes originating from a Croatia seed source flowered after exposure to fewer CDD than those from Scotland. In North America, rosettes originating from seeds from Arkansas were more likely to flower after exposure to fewer CDD than those from Ohio or Minnesota. Our results may be used to predict the potential distribution of A. petiolata in North America.
{"title":"Vernalization required to induce flowering in rosettes of garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata)","authors":"Elizabeth J. Katovich, Erik S. Katovich, R. Becker","doi":"10.1017/inp.2022.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/inp.2022.17","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Garlic mustard [Alliaria petiolata (M. Bieb.) Cavara & Grande] is an invasive Brassicaceae species native to Europe. As obligate biennials, A. petiolata rosettes require a sufficient length of cold during the winter to flower the following spring. As such, mild winter temperatures could limit the species' potential western and southern distribution in North America. The goal of this research was to characterize the vernalization period required for A. petiolata rosettes to develop the capacity to flower. The objectives of this research were: (1) confirm whether A. petiolata rosettes required a vernalization period to flower; (2) define base and upper temperatures that satisfy the vernalization requirement of A. petiolata rosettes under field conditions; (3) determine the vernalization requirement for flowering and calculate chilling degree days (CDD) accumulated during the cold period; and (4) in a common garden, determine the vernalization requirement of A. petiolata rosettes collected from the southern and northern ranges of its distribution in North America and Europe. The probability of flowering increases as A. petiolata rosettes accumulate CDD. This relationship is defined by a binary logistic (logit) function, with base and maximum temperatures of –3 and 4 C, respectively. The regression equation model predicted that 68 and 120 CDD would result in 50% and 99% probability of flowering, respectively, across all locations. Rosettes from five different seed sources varied in the CDD required for flowering when grown in a common garden. Rosettes originating from a Croatia seed source flowered after exposure to fewer CDD than those from Scotland. In North America, rosettes originating from seeds from Arkansas were more likely to flower after exposure to fewer CDD than those from Ohio or Minnesota. Our results may be used to predict the potential distribution of A. petiolata in North America.","PeriodicalId":14470,"journal":{"name":"Invasive Plant Science and Management","volume":"15 1","pages":"107 - 114"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48022277","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Wersal, B. Sartain, K. Getsinger, J. Madsen, J. Skogerboe, J. Nawrocki, R. Richardson, Morgan R. Sternberg
Abstract Current dam discharge patterns in Noxon Rapids Reservoir reduce concentration and exposure times (CET) of herbicides used for aquatic plant management. Herbicide applications during periods of low dam discharge may increase herbicide CETs and improve efficacy. Applications of rhodamine WT dye were monitored under peak (736 to 765 m3 s–1) and minimum (1.4 to 2.8 m3 s–1) dam discharge patterns to quantify water-exchange processes. Whole-plot dye half-life under minimal discharge was 33 h, a 15-fold increase compared with the dye treatment during peak discharge. Triclopyr concentrations measured during minimum discharge within the treated plot ranged from 214 ± 25 to 1,243 ± 36 µg L–1 from 0 to 48 h after treatment (HAT), respectively. Endothall concentrations measured during minimum discharge in the same plot ranged from 164 ± 78 to 2,195 ± 1,043 µg L–1 from 0 to 48 HAT, respectively. Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum L.) occurrence in the treatment plot was 66%, 8%, and 14% during pretreatment, 5 wk after treatment (WAT), and 52 WAT, respectively. Myriophyllum spicatum occurrence in the nontreated plot was 68%, 71%, and 83% during pretreatment, 5 WAT, and 52 WAT, respectively. Curlyleaf pondweed (Potamogeton crispus L.) occurrence in the treatment plot was 29%, 0%, and 97% during pretreatment, 5 WAT, and 52 WAT, respectively. Potamogeton crispus increased from 24% to 83% at 0 WAT to 52 WAT, respectively, in the nontreated plot. Native species richness declined from 3.3 species per point to 2.1 in the treatment plot in the year of treatment but returned to pretreatment numbers by 52 WAT. Native species richness did not change during the study in the nontreated reference plot. Herbicide applications during periods of low flow can increase CETs and improve control, whereas applications during times of high-water flow would shorten CETs and could result in reduced treatment efficacy.
{"title":"Improving chemical control of nonnative aquatic plants in run-of-the-river reservoirs","authors":"R. Wersal, B. Sartain, K. Getsinger, J. Madsen, J. Skogerboe, J. Nawrocki, R. Richardson, Morgan R. Sternberg","doi":"10.1017/inp.2022.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/inp.2022.18","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Current dam discharge patterns in Noxon Rapids Reservoir reduce concentration and exposure times (CET) of herbicides used for aquatic plant management. Herbicide applications during periods of low dam discharge may increase herbicide CETs and improve efficacy. Applications of rhodamine WT dye were monitored under peak (736 to 765 m3 s–1) and minimum (1.4 to 2.8 m3 s–1) dam discharge patterns to quantify water-exchange processes. Whole-plot dye half-life under minimal discharge was 33 h, a 15-fold increase compared with the dye treatment during peak discharge. Triclopyr concentrations measured during minimum discharge within the treated plot ranged from 214 ± 25 to 1,243 ± 36 µg L–1 from 0 to 48 h after treatment (HAT), respectively. Endothall concentrations measured during minimum discharge in the same plot ranged from 164 ± 78 to 2,195 ± 1,043 µg L–1 from 0 to 48 HAT, respectively. Eurasian watermilfoil (Myriophyllum spicatum L.) occurrence in the treatment plot was 66%, 8%, and 14% during pretreatment, 5 wk after treatment (WAT), and 52 WAT, respectively. Myriophyllum spicatum occurrence in the nontreated plot was 68%, 71%, and 83% during pretreatment, 5 WAT, and 52 WAT, respectively. Curlyleaf pondweed (Potamogeton crispus L.) occurrence in the treatment plot was 29%, 0%, and 97% during pretreatment, 5 WAT, and 52 WAT, respectively. Potamogeton crispus increased from 24% to 83% at 0 WAT to 52 WAT, respectively, in the nontreated plot. Native species richness declined from 3.3 species per point to 2.1 in the treatment plot in the year of treatment but returned to pretreatment numbers by 52 WAT. Native species richness did not change during the study in the nontreated reference plot. Herbicide applications during periods of low flow can increase CETs and improve control, whereas applications during times of high-water flow would shorten CETs and could result in reduced treatment efficacy.","PeriodicalId":14470,"journal":{"name":"Invasive Plant Science and Management","volume":"15 1","pages":"141 - 151"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41561271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Truong, M. E. Andrew, Giles E. J. Hardy, B. Dell, M. Hughes
Abstract Invasive plant species (IPS) management in national parks is a complex problem often characterized by the involvement of various organizations with different responsibilities, legal mandates, and jurisdictions. These institutional arrangements shape the structure, function, and decision-making behaviors of organizations and influence management effectiveness. Drawing on institutional theory, this study analyzed institutional arrangements and how these influenced IPS management in Vietnam's national parks. Data were collected between May and July 2017 using in-depth interviews with 39 key informants with responsibility for IPS management at different institutional levels (national, provincial, and local national parks). Results demonstrated that IPS management in Vietnam's national parks was characterized by centralized management with overlaps and gaps in vertical institutional relationships that limited the effectiveness of horizontal relationships. These characteristics resulted in a lack of clear guiding regulations and limited resources that restricted decision making and hindered implementation at the local national park level. The study highlights the need for a common set of principles across agencies, governed by an overarching body to promote constructive relationships across the vertical and horizontal institutional dimensions of IPS management.
{"title":"Influence of institutional arrangements on invasive plant species management from multilevel perspectives: a case study in Vietnam's national parks","authors":"T. Truong, M. E. Andrew, Giles E. J. Hardy, B. Dell, M. Hughes","doi":"10.1017/inp.2022.16","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/inp.2022.16","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Invasive plant species (IPS) management in national parks is a complex problem often characterized by the involvement of various organizations with different responsibilities, legal mandates, and jurisdictions. These institutional arrangements shape the structure, function, and decision-making behaviors of organizations and influence management effectiveness. Drawing on institutional theory, this study analyzed institutional arrangements and how these influenced IPS management in Vietnam's national parks. Data were collected between May and July 2017 using in-depth interviews with 39 key informants with responsibility for IPS management at different institutional levels (national, provincial, and local national parks). Results demonstrated that IPS management in Vietnam's national parks was characterized by centralized management with overlaps and gaps in vertical institutional relationships that limited the effectiveness of horizontal relationships. These characteristics resulted in a lack of clear guiding regulations and limited resources that restricted decision making and hindered implementation at the local national park level. The study highlights the need for a common set of principles across agencies, governed by an overarching body to promote constructive relationships across the vertical and horizontal institutional dimensions of IPS management.","PeriodicalId":14470,"journal":{"name":"Invasive Plant Science and Management","volume":"15 1","pages":"89 - 97"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43056763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Gaskin, J. Goolsby, M. Bon, M. Cristofaro, P. Calatayud
Abstract Megathyrsus maximus is nonnative in the neotropics, with a tall form that is commonly used as a forage grass and a smaller-statured form that is considered invasive in south Texas, USA. Biological control researchers are challenged to find an agent that will attack the short form, but not the desirable tall form in other parts of the neotropics. We conducted molecular analyses on 155 Megathyrsus maximus samples from its native range in Africa and compared them with U.S. short-form samples to help determine the geographic origins of its invasion. We found eight distinct genotypes in 34 short-form samples from Texas and Florida, USA. The highest genetic similarity of invasive samples was with plants from South Africa, while highest matches for the desirable tall form were from Kenya, Uganda, Ivory Coast, and Zambia. Ongoing biological control agent exploration and research has found agents from Kenya that are associated with an M. maximus genotype not well matched to the invasive short form, thus leading to a lack of rearing success. Two eriophyoid mite agents from the genetic match locality in South Africa have been evaluated but are not sufficiently host specific, as they develop on both the short and tall forms. Additional exploration is needed at the genetic match populations in South Africa to discover and evaluate potential biological control agents for the invasive form of M. maximus.
{"title":"Identifying the geographic origins of invasive Megathyrsus maximus in the United States using molecular data","authors":"J. Gaskin, J. Goolsby, M. Bon, M. Cristofaro, P. Calatayud","doi":"10.1017/inp.2022.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/inp.2022.7","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Megathyrsus maximus is nonnative in the neotropics, with a tall form that is commonly used as a forage grass and a smaller-statured form that is considered invasive in south Texas, USA. Biological control researchers are challenged to find an agent that will attack the short form, but not the desirable tall form in other parts of the neotropics. We conducted molecular analyses on 155 Megathyrsus maximus samples from its native range in Africa and compared them with U.S. short-form samples to help determine the geographic origins of its invasion. We found eight distinct genotypes in 34 short-form samples from Texas and Florida, USA. The highest genetic similarity of invasive samples was with plants from South Africa, while highest matches for the desirable tall form were from Kenya, Uganda, Ivory Coast, and Zambia. Ongoing biological control agent exploration and research has found agents from Kenya that are associated with an M. maximus genotype not well matched to the invasive short form, thus leading to a lack of rearing success. Two eriophyoid mite agents from the genetic match locality in South Africa have been evaluated but are not sufficiently host specific, as they develop on both the short and tall forms. Additional exploration is needed at the genetic match populations in South Africa to discover and evaluate potential biological control agents for the invasive form of M. maximus.","PeriodicalId":14470,"journal":{"name":"Invasive Plant Science and Management","volume":"15 1","pages":"67 - 71"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44736504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Benjamin J. Rivera, R. Meilan, M. Scharf, Rucha A Karve, M. A. Jenkins
Abstract Invasive woody perennials pose an immense threat to the diversity and function of many ecosystems, including forests in the eastern United States. While herbicide treatments have proven effective in controlling many plant invasions, there is considerable interest in the refinement of herbicide prescriptions to improve efficacy and prevent non-target damage. Adjuvants are widely utilized to improve herbicide efficacy, but research on novel adjuvants is often lacking. Furthermore, adjuvant research has generally focused on enhancement of foliar herbicide absorption, and few studies focus on adjuvant utility for other herbicide delivery techniques such as cut stump treatments. We evaluated 2XL—a cocktail of cellulase enzymes derived from fungi—as a potential herbicide adjuvant for use with glyphosate applied in a cut stump treatment due to its ability to degrade a key component of cell walls. We conducted a field experiment using the cut stump method of treatment (cut surface treated with herbicide) on a problematic invasive shrub, Amur honeysuckle [Lonicera maackii (Rupr.) Herder]. We tested combinations of three concentrations of 2XL with five concentrations of glyphosate and hypothesized that low concentrations of glyphosate combined with 2XL would be as effective in limiting the resprouting of L. maackii as higher concentrations of glyphosate without the enzymes. Our results indicated that 2XL did not improve glyphosate efficacy for reducing the number of resprouting stems or the length of the longest resprouting stem within the same or following year as treatment. Limited data indicated the combination of 2XL and glyphosate applied at 30 g L–1 slightly increased resprouting in the year following treatment. While 2XL did not improve glyphosate efficacy, our results showed effective control of L. maackii at the lowest concentration of glyphosate tested (30 g L–1), suggesting that concentrations lower than those typically applied may be effective in controlling L. maackii within parameters similar to those tested here.
摘要入侵的木本多年生植物对包括美国东部森林在内的许多生态系统的多样性和功能构成了巨大威胁。虽然除草剂处理已被证明在控制许多植物入侵方面是有效的，但人们对改进除草剂处方以提高疗效和防止非目标损害非常感兴趣。佐剂被广泛用于提高除草剂的药效，但对新型佐剂的研究往往缺乏。此外，佐剂的研究通常集中在增强叶面除草剂的吸收，很少有研究关注佐剂在其他除草剂递送技术（如树桩处理）中的效用。我们评估了2XL——一种来源于真菌的纤维素酶混合物——作为一种潜在的除草剂佐剂，可与草甘膦一起用于切割树桩处理，因为它能够降解细胞壁的一个关键成分。我们对一种有问题的入侵灌木阿穆尔金银花[Lonicera maackii（Rupr.）Herder]进行了一项田间试验，使用割桩法处理（用除草剂处理切割表面）。我们测试了三种浓度的2XL与五种浓度的草甘膦的组合，并假设低浓度的草甘膦与2XL的组合在限制马氏乳杆菌呼吸方面与不含酶的高浓度草甘膦一样有效。我们的研究结果表明，在治疗的同一年或次年内，2XL并没有提高草甘膦减少再呼吸茎数或最长再呼吸茎长度的效果。有限的数据表明，在处理后的一年中，2XL和草甘膦以30 g L–1的剂量组合略微增加了呼吸。虽然2XL并没有提高草甘膦的效力，但我们的研究结果表明，在测试的最低草甘膦浓度（30 g L–1）下，可以有效地控制L.maackii，这表明低于通常使用的浓度可能可以有效地将L.maacki控制在与这里测试的参数相似的参数内。
{"title":"The effect of a novel herbicide adjuvant in treating Amur honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii)","authors":"Benjamin J. Rivera, R. Meilan, M. Scharf, Rucha A Karve, M. A. Jenkins","doi":"10.1017/inp.2022.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/inp.2022.15","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Invasive woody perennials pose an immense threat to the diversity and function of many ecosystems, including forests in the eastern United States. While herbicide treatments have proven effective in controlling many plant invasions, there is considerable interest in the refinement of herbicide prescriptions to improve efficacy and prevent non-target damage. Adjuvants are widely utilized to improve herbicide efficacy, but research on novel adjuvants is often lacking. Furthermore, adjuvant research has generally focused on enhancement of foliar herbicide absorption, and few studies focus on adjuvant utility for other herbicide delivery techniques such as cut stump treatments. We evaluated 2XL—a cocktail of cellulase enzymes derived from fungi—as a potential herbicide adjuvant for use with glyphosate applied in a cut stump treatment due to its ability to degrade a key component of cell walls. We conducted a field experiment using the cut stump method of treatment (cut surface treated with herbicide) on a problematic invasive shrub, Amur honeysuckle [Lonicera maackii (Rupr.) Herder]. We tested combinations of three concentrations of 2XL with five concentrations of glyphosate and hypothesized that low concentrations of glyphosate combined with 2XL would be as effective in limiting the resprouting of L. maackii as higher concentrations of glyphosate without the enzymes. Our results indicated that 2XL did not improve glyphosate efficacy for reducing the number of resprouting stems or the length of the longest resprouting stem within the same or following year as treatment. Limited data indicated the combination of 2XL and glyphosate applied at 30 g L–1 slightly increased resprouting in the year following treatment. While 2XL did not improve glyphosate efficacy, our results showed effective control of L. maackii at the lowest concentration of glyphosate tested (30 g L–1), suggesting that concentrations lower than those typically applied may be effective in controlling L. maackii within parameters similar to those tested here.","PeriodicalId":14470,"journal":{"name":"Invasive Plant Science and Management","volume":"15 1","pages":"81 - 88"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-05-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42544994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Sulphur cinquefoil (Potentilla recta L.) is an invasive plant of concern within grasslands in western North America. To better understand the role of native plant communities and soil seedbank in P. recta invasion within grasslands, we conducted two greenhouse studies to examine (1) P. recta growth response when grown with and without fertilizer in established native plant communities of varying functional groups (grasses, forbs, or grasses and forbs), and (2) the prevalence of P. recta and other species in the soil seedbank at varying soil depths (0 to 5 cm, 5 to 10 cm, 10 to 15 cm) of grasslands invaded by P. recta in southeastern British Columbia, Canada. The growth response of P. recta did not differ between the native plant communities. However, P. recta above- and belowground biomass declined as native plant aboveground biomass increased, suggesting a productive plant community may be important to suppress P. recta. Fertilizer did not affect the growth response of P. recta or native plants, suggesting nutrients may not have been a dominant limiting factor under greenhouse conditions. Nine species were identified in the soil seedbank. Seven were nonnative, which included P. recta, and native species represented less than 2% of the seedbank. Of the average number of emerged nonnative seedlings, more than 20% were P. recta. The number of emerged P. recta seedlings was 69% lower at 10- to 15-cm compared with 0- to 5-cm soil depth, although the successful germination of P. recta at greater soil depths suggests viable P. recta seeds are persisting in the seedbank. Active revegetation may be an important strategy to mitigate P. recta reinvasion or secondary invasion by other invasive species from the soil seedbank.
{"title":"Aboveground native plant biomass reduces Potentilla recta growth: the role of a productive native plant community to mitigate reinvasion from the seedbank of invaded northern intermountain grasslands","authors":"Myra Juckers, Marc L. Roozendaal, K. Stewart","doi":"10.1017/inp.2022.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/inp.2022.12","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Sulphur cinquefoil (Potentilla recta L.) is an invasive plant of concern within grasslands in western North America. To better understand the role of native plant communities and soil seedbank in P. recta invasion within grasslands, we conducted two greenhouse studies to examine (1) P. recta growth response when grown with and without fertilizer in established native plant communities of varying functional groups (grasses, forbs, or grasses and forbs), and (2) the prevalence of P. recta and other species in the soil seedbank at varying soil depths (0 to 5 cm, 5 to 10 cm, 10 to 15 cm) of grasslands invaded by P. recta in southeastern British Columbia, Canada. The growth response of P. recta did not differ between the native plant communities. However, P. recta above- and belowground biomass declined as native plant aboveground biomass increased, suggesting a productive plant community may be important to suppress P. recta. Fertilizer did not affect the growth response of P. recta or native plants, suggesting nutrients may not have been a dominant limiting factor under greenhouse conditions. Nine species were identified in the soil seedbank. Seven were nonnative, which included P. recta, and native species represented less than 2% of the seedbank. Of the average number of emerged nonnative seedlings, more than 20% were P. recta. The number of emerged P. recta seedlings was 69% lower at 10- to 15-cm compared with 0- to 5-cm soil depth, although the successful germination of P. recta at greater soil depths suggests viable P. recta seeds are persisting in the seedbank. Active revegetation may be an important strategy to mitigate P. recta reinvasion or secondary invasion by other invasive species from the soil seedbank.","PeriodicalId":14470,"journal":{"name":"Invasive Plant Science and Management","volume":"15 1","pages":"98 - 106"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46440656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Downy brome (Bromus tectorum L.) is a highly invasive winter annual grass that can fill open niches in native plant communities. Prescribed burning is often used to control B. tectorum and can be combined with herbicide treatments to extend the duration of control and promote the native plant community. Several herbicides have been evaluated in conjunction with burning for B. tectorum control, although the herbicide indaziflam has not. In September 2017, two B. tectorum–infested sites were burned in Colorado foothill shrublands. In March 2018, indaziflam was applied alone or in combination with glyphosate, rimsulfuron, or imazapic. These treatments were compared with imazapic plus glyphosate as a standard. All treatments were made within burned and non-burned areas in a crossed-nested design. Bromus tectorum cover and the desirable plant community responses were evaluated 1 and 2 yr after treatment (YAT). In non-burned areas, all indaziflam treatments reduced B. tectorum cover compared with the control. In contrast, reductions from the imazapic treatments did not persist after the first year. Most post-burn treatments further decreased B. tectorum cover compared with the non-burned treatments. The most effective treatments (indaziflam 44 and 73 g ai ha–1 + imazapic 123 g ae ha–1) provided similar levels of control (<1% B. tectorum cover at 2 YAT), with or without burning. Desirable plant cover, richness, and diversity were not negatively impacted by burning or herbicide treatments. Plant diversity and species richness increased at Site 2 when burning was followed by indaziflam treatments. This study indicates that B. tectorum control using indaziflam can be enhanced when applied after burning, and the combinations with imazapic or rimsulfuron provide a wider application window compared with the combination with glyphosate.
Downy brome（Bromus tectorum L.）是一种高度入侵的冬季一年生草本植物，可以填补当地植物群落的开放生态位。规定的焚烧通常用于控制B.tectorum，并可与除草剂处理相结合，以延长控制时间并促进本地植物群落。一些除草剂已经与燃烧一起进行了评估，以控制B.tectorum，尽管除草剂吲唑火焰没有。2017年9月，科罗拉多山麓灌木丛中的两处广受B.tectorum侵扰的地点被烧毁。2018年3月，吲唑福明单独使用或与草甘膦、林磺隆或伊玛扎匹克联合使用。将这些处理与伊玛扎平加草甘膦作为标准进行比较。所有处理均在烧伤和非烧伤区域内进行，采用交叉嵌套设计。在处理（YAT）后1年和2年，对遮羞草覆盖和理想的植物群落反应进行了评估。在非烧伤区，与对照组相比，所有吲唑福明处理都减少了覆盖率。相比之下，第一年后，伊玛扎治疗的减少并没有持续。与未烧伤处理相比，大多数烧伤后处理进一步降低了覆盖层。最有效的治疗方法（吲唑福明44和73 g ai ha–1+伊玛扎匹克123 g ae ha–1）提供了相似水平的控制（2 YAT时＜1%的B.tectorum覆盖率），无论是否燃烧。理想的植物覆盖率、丰富度和多样性没有受到焚烧或除草剂处理的负面影响。当焚烧后进行吲唑火焰处理时，地点2的植物多样性和物种丰富度增加。这项研究表明，燃烧后使用吲唑福明可以加强对B.tectorum的控制，与草甘膦组合相比，与伊玛扎匹克或金磺隆组合提供了更宽的应用窗口。
{"title":"Prescribed burning followed by indaziflam enhances downy brome (Bromus tectorum) control","authors":"Rachel H. Seedorf, Shannon L. Clark, S. Nissen","doi":"10.1017/inp.2022.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/inp.2022.11","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Downy brome (Bromus tectorum L.) is a highly invasive winter annual grass that can fill open niches in native plant communities. Prescribed burning is often used to control B. tectorum and can be combined with herbicide treatments to extend the duration of control and promote the native plant community. Several herbicides have been evaluated in conjunction with burning for B. tectorum control, although the herbicide indaziflam has not. In September 2017, two B. tectorum–infested sites were burned in Colorado foothill shrublands. In March 2018, indaziflam was applied alone or in combination with glyphosate, rimsulfuron, or imazapic. These treatments were compared with imazapic plus glyphosate as a standard. All treatments were made within burned and non-burned areas in a crossed-nested design. Bromus tectorum cover and the desirable plant community responses were evaluated 1 and 2 yr after treatment (YAT). In non-burned areas, all indaziflam treatments reduced B. tectorum cover compared with the control. In contrast, reductions from the imazapic treatments did not persist after the first year. Most post-burn treatments further decreased B. tectorum cover compared with the non-burned treatments. The most effective treatments (indaziflam 44 and 73 g ai ha–1 + imazapic 123 g ae ha–1) provided similar levels of control (<1% B. tectorum cover at 2 YAT), with or without burning. Desirable plant cover, richness, and diversity were not negatively impacted by burning or herbicide treatments. Plant diversity and species richness increased at Site 2 when burning was followed by indaziflam treatments. This study indicates that B. tectorum control using indaziflam can be enhanced when applied after burning, and the combinations with imazapic or rimsulfuron provide a wider application window compared with the combination with glyphosate.","PeriodicalId":14470,"journal":{"name":"Invasive Plant Science and Management","volume":"15 1","pages":"72 - 80"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43388932","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract There are limited educational opportunities regarding aquatic invasive species (AIS) management that target laypersons. This is a significant gap, particularly as nonprofessionals are often tasked with making decisions about whether and how to pursue AIS control efforts, for example, through their roles in community lake associations. Thus, there is a need for educational programs to help consumers of AIS management services, “do-it-yourself” lakeshore homeowners, and other engaged nonprofessionals gain a stronger foundation in the science and practice of AIS management. We helped fill this unmet need through development of a new online course, AIS Management 101, that targets lakeshore property owners, lake association members, and other nonprofessionals engaged in AIS decision making, seeking to make them better-informed consumers. The course covers concepts ranging from basic invasive species biology to pesticide science, treatment evaluation, regulations and permitting, and nonchemical management tools. Participants in the course demonstrated significant knowledge gains through check-in and check-out knowledge assessments. Course participants also reported greater understanding of key issues pertaining to AIS management and application of this improved knowledge to actual management decisions following completion of the course. While this program focuses on management of aquatic invasive species, similar approaches could be applied to lay audiences engaged in management of terrestrial invasive species or other natural resource issues.
{"title":"Creating informed consumers of aquatic invasive species management programs through online education for nonprofessionals","authors":"Megan M. Weber, D. Larkin, P. Mulcahy","doi":"10.1017/inp.2022.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/inp.2022.10","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract There are limited educational opportunities regarding aquatic invasive species (AIS) management that target laypersons. This is a significant gap, particularly as nonprofessionals are often tasked with making decisions about whether and how to pursue AIS control efforts, for example, through their roles in community lake associations. Thus, there is a need for educational programs to help consumers of AIS management services, “do-it-yourself” lakeshore homeowners, and other engaged nonprofessionals gain a stronger foundation in the science and practice of AIS management. We helped fill this unmet need through development of a new online course, AIS Management 101, that targets lakeshore property owners, lake association members, and other nonprofessionals engaged in AIS decision making, seeking to make them better-informed consumers. The course covers concepts ranging from basic invasive species biology to pesticide science, treatment evaluation, regulations and permitting, and nonchemical management tools. Participants in the course demonstrated significant knowledge gains through check-in and check-out knowledge assessments. Course participants also reported greater understanding of key issues pertaining to AIS management and application of this improved knowledge to actual management decisions following completion of the course. While this program focuses on management of aquatic invasive species, similar approaches could be applied to lay audiences engaged in management of terrestrial invasive species or other natural resource issues.","PeriodicalId":14470,"journal":{"name":"Invasive Plant Science and Management","volume":"15 1","pages":"41 - 48"},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45179001","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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