Youngia japonica (L.) DC. was recently discovered on the Azorean island of São Miguel. This species is a cosmopolitan herb that has been reported to be invasive in several regions of the world. It is unclear when and how this plant arrived in São Miguel, Azores. Nevertheless, we hypothesize that this is an unintentional and recent introduction. The populations are expanding in São Miguel, and action is needed to mitigate potential damage to native ecosystems.
{"title":"Early detection of Youngia japonica (L.) DC. (Asteraceae) in São Miguel island, Azores","authors":"Guilherme Roxo, Luís Silva, Lurdes Borges Silva, Rúben Rego, Roberto Resendes, Mónica Moura","doi":"10.1017/inp.2023.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/inp.2023.32","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:italic>Youngia japonica</jats:italic> (L.) DC. was recently discovered on the Azorean island of São Miguel. This species is a cosmopolitan herb that has been reported to be invasive in several regions of the world. It is unclear when and how this plant arrived in São Miguel, Azores. Nevertheless, we hypothesize that this is an unintentional and recent introduction. The populations are expanding in São Miguel, and action is needed to mitigate potential damage to native ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":14470,"journal":{"name":"Invasive Plant Science and Management","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139411017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Brent Lovelock, Yun Ji, Anna Carr, Clara-Jane Blye
Tourism, as one of the world largest economic sectors, moving a substantial body of individuals and materials about the world, is implicated in the spread of invasive plants and is itself impacted by biological invasions which can degrade touristic landscapes and affect destination communities. Tourists constitute not only an immediate biological threat, but through their landscape and biota preferences also constitute a substantial economic and ecological force that has implications for invasive plant management in destinations. Tourists and the tourism industry are therefore significant stakeholders in invasive plant introduction, spread and management. This paper discusses an onsite survey (n=231) of domestic and international visitors in New Zealand, a destination where invasive species are an important ecological and economic issue. Findings show that visitors have a low understanding of the presence and level of threat of invasive plants, and express preferences for some plants that are highly invasive. However, there were substantial variations across the international sample, with visitors from Asian and European ethnicities expressing significantly different attitudes towards a range of invasive plants. Asian visitors were more likely to show preferences for some plants that were seriously invasive, and to be more accepting in general of invasive plants within landscapes, and less supportive of invasive species eradication. These findings suggest that attitudes towards invasive plants and their management may be culturally determined, which poses challenges for managers aiming to generate awareness and support from across diverse tourist cohorts for invasive species control. There are also challenges for gaining support from the tourism industry for invasive plant control programmes where particular ‘charismatic’ or attractive invasive plants may contribute to touristic landscapes and visitor itineraries.
{"title":"Tourists’ (mis)understandings of nature: International and domestic visitors’ perceptions of invasive alien plants in New Zealand","authors":"Brent Lovelock, Yun Ji, Anna Carr, Clara-Jane Blye","doi":"10.1017/inp.2023.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/inp.2023.30","url":null,"abstract":"Tourism, as one of the world largest economic sectors, moving a substantial body of individuals and materials about the world, is implicated in the spread of invasive plants and is itself impacted by biological invasions which can degrade touristic landscapes and affect destination communities. Tourists constitute not only an immediate biological threat, but through their landscape and biota preferences also constitute a substantial economic and ecological force that has implications for invasive plant management in destinations. Tourists and the tourism industry are therefore significant stakeholders in invasive plant introduction, spread and management. This paper discusses an onsite survey (n=231) of domestic and international visitors in New Zealand, a destination where invasive species are an important ecological and economic issue. Findings show that visitors have a low understanding of the presence and level of threat of invasive plants, and express preferences for some plants that are highly invasive. However, there were substantial variations across the international sample, with visitors from Asian and European ethnicities expressing significantly different attitudes towards a range of invasive plants. Asian visitors were more likely to show preferences for some plants that were seriously invasive, and to be more accepting in general of invasive plants within landscapes, and less supportive of invasive species eradication. These findings suggest that attitudes towards invasive plants and their management may be culturally determined, which poses challenges for managers aiming to generate awareness and support from across diverse tourist cohorts for invasive species control. There are also challenges for gaining support from the tourism industry for invasive plant control programmes where particular ‘charismatic’ or attractive invasive plants may contribute to touristic landscapes and visitor itineraries.","PeriodicalId":14470,"journal":{"name":"Invasive Plant Science and Management","volume":"528 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138506793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mackenzie E. Bell, Stephen F. Enloe, James K. Leary, Dwight K. Lauer
Abstract Brazilian peppertree ( Schinus terebinthifolia ) is an aggressive shrub that infests over 280,000 ha in Florida. Individual plant treatments (IPT) including basal bark and cut stump application with triclopyr butoxyethylester and triethylamine formulations, respectively, have been used for decades. While they are both effective, resprouting can occur, which requires retreatment for control. Recent research on other woody invasive plants has indicated additional non-crop herbicides used in natural areas can be effective with these IPT techniques and therefore, warrant testing on Brazilian peppertree. In 2018 and 2019, basal bark and cut stump studies were conducted at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in natural areas infested with Brazilian peppertree. In the basal bark application studies, we found aminocyclopyrachlor applied at 12 and 24 g L -1 and triclopyr acid applied at 34 and 69 g L -1 each provided 100% defoliation of multi-stemmed Brazilian peppertree individuals with a mean root collar diameter up to 20.2 cm at 360 days after treatment. These were not different from triclopyr ester applied at 96 g L -1 . Imazamox applied at 30 g L -1 resulted in 86% defoliation 360 DAT. However, we observed formulation incompatibility when it was mixed with basal bark oil, which may limit its utility. In cut stump studies, we found aminocyclopyrachlor and aminopyralid each individually applied at 6, 12, and 24 g L -1 , resulted in stump mortality that was not different from the commercial standard triclopyr amine applied at 180 g L -1 . Similar results were found for a triclopyr acid formulation applied at 86 and 172 g L -1 and imazamox applied at 60 g L -1 . For both treatment techniques, we found that alternative treatments provided control at lower herbicide concentrations than triclopyr ester and amine commercial standards. These results advance our understanding of IPT and expand access to additional effective herbicide options for Brazilian peppertree management.
巴西胡椒树(Schinus terebinthifolia)是一种具有侵略性的灌木，在佛罗里达州超过280,000公顷。单株处理(IPT)包括分别使用三氯吡啶丁氧乙基酯和三乙胺配方的基树皮和残肢应用，已经使用了几十年。虽然这两种方法都有效，但可能会发生再生，这需要重新治疗来控制。最近对其他木质入侵植物的研究表明，在自然区域使用额外的非作物除草剂可以有效地使用这些IPT技术，因此，有必要在巴西胡椒树上进行测试。2018年和2019年，卡纳维拉尔角空军基地在巴西胡椒树出没的自然地区进行了基树皮和残桩研究。在基树皮施用研究中，我们发现，在处理后360天，施用12和24 g L -1的氨基环草胺和施用34和69 g L -1的三氯吡啶酸均可使多茎巴西胡椒个体100%落叶，平均根颈直径高达20.2 cm。这与施用96 g L -1的三氯吡啶酯没有区别。施用30 g L -1的Imazamox导致86%的落叶360 DAT。然而，当它与基础树皮油混合时，我们观察到配方不相容，这可能限制了它的使用。在残桩剪断研究中，我们发现分别以6、12和24 g L -1的剂量施用氨基环丙草胺和氨基吡啶，导致残桩死亡率与180 g L -1的商业标准三氯吡啶胺没有什么不同。同样的结果也被发现用于三氯吡啶酸制剂，用量分别为86和172 g L -1，伊马唑莫用量为60 g L -1。对于这两种处理技术，我们发现替代处理在比三氯吡酯和胺的商业标准更低的除草剂浓度下提供控制。这些结果促进了我们对IPT的理解，并为巴西胡椒树管理提供了更多有效的除草剂选择。
{"title":"Novel basal bark and cut stump herbicide treatments for Brazilian peppertree (<i>Schinus terebinthifolia</i>) management","authors":"Mackenzie E. Bell, Stephen F. Enloe, James K. Leary, Dwight K. Lauer","doi":"10.1017/inp.2023.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/inp.2023.29","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Brazilian peppertree ( Schinus terebinthifolia ) is an aggressive shrub that infests over 280,000 ha in Florida. Individual plant treatments (IPT) including basal bark and cut stump application with triclopyr butoxyethylester and triethylamine formulations, respectively, have been used for decades. While they are both effective, resprouting can occur, which requires retreatment for control. Recent research on other woody invasive plants has indicated additional non-crop herbicides used in natural areas can be effective with these IPT techniques and therefore, warrant testing on Brazilian peppertree. In 2018 and 2019, basal bark and cut stump studies were conducted at Cape Canaveral Air Force Station in natural areas infested with Brazilian peppertree. In the basal bark application studies, we found aminocyclopyrachlor applied at 12 and 24 g L -1 and triclopyr acid applied at 34 and 69 g L -1 each provided 100% defoliation of multi-stemmed Brazilian peppertree individuals with a mean root collar diameter up to 20.2 cm at 360 days after treatment. These were not different from triclopyr ester applied at 96 g L -1 . Imazamox applied at 30 g L -1 resulted in 86% defoliation 360 DAT. However, we observed formulation incompatibility when it was mixed with basal bark oil, which may limit its utility. In cut stump studies, we found aminocyclopyrachlor and aminopyralid each individually applied at 6, 12, and 24 g L -1 , resulted in stump mortality that was not different from the commercial standard triclopyr amine applied at 180 g L -1 . Similar results were found for a triclopyr acid formulation applied at 86 and 172 g L -1 and imazamox applied at 60 g L -1 . For both treatment techniques, we found that alternative treatments provided control at lower herbicide concentrations than triclopyr ester and amine commercial standards. These results advance our understanding of IPT and expand access to additional effective herbicide options for Brazilian peppertree management.","PeriodicalId":14470,"journal":{"name":"Invasive Plant Science and Management","volume":"41 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135636926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Invasive non-indigenous species pose a serious threat to native biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Understanding how species performance varies under conditions in the current and invaded range can help to predict dynamics of the invading species in its new environment. Plants with the ability to alter growth in response to variation in light conditions may be favored in landscapes that experience frequent disturbance, as these species may be able to exploit a wide range of niches. Seed bank persistence may also play a critical role in successful plant invasion, as extended seed viability may increase the chance of outlasting unfavorable conditions, maintain population genetic diversity, and allow re-invasions. This study investigated seed longevity and the effect of light intensity on germination of wavyleaf basketgrass [ Oplismenus undulatifolius (Ard.) P. Beauv], a newly established invasive species in US mid-Atlantic forest understories. Oplismenus undulatifolius seeds were collected across five years from the original site of introduction in Maryland USA and stored in standard lab conditions, then subjected to germination trials under four light conditions in a controlled growth chamber. Seeds remained viable for at least nine years, and light intensity did not significantly impact seed germination. Our study demonstrates the importance of evaluating environmental and temporal effects on germination traits, since the scope of surveillance in the field may need to be expanded based on new information about environmental tolerance. Long-term monitoring may also be necessary to effectively control invasive plant populations capable of forming a persistent seed bank.
{"title":"Seed longevity and germination of the emerging invasive species wavyleaf basketgrass (<i>Oplismenus undulatifolius</i>) under varied light regimes","authors":"Dominique H. Pham, Carrie A. Wu","doi":"10.1017/inp.2023.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/inp.2023.27","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Invasive non-indigenous species pose a serious threat to native biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Understanding how species performance varies under conditions in the current and invaded range can help to predict dynamics of the invading species in its new environment. Plants with the ability to alter growth in response to variation in light conditions may be favored in landscapes that experience frequent disturbance, as these species may be able to exploit a wide range of niches. Seed bank persistence may also play a critical role in successful plant invasion, as extended seed viability may increase the chance of outlasting unfavorable conditions, maintain population genetic diversity, and allow re-invasions. This study investigated seed longevity and the effect of light intensity on germination of wavyleaf basketgrass [ Oplismenus undulatifolius (Ard.) P. Beauv], a newly established invasive species in US mid-Atlantic forest understories. Oplismenus undulatifolius seeds were collected across five years from the original site of introduction in Maryland USA and stored in standard lab conditions, then subjected to germination trials under four light conditions in a controlled growth chamber. Seeds remained viable for at least nine years, and light intensity did not significantly impact seed germination. Our study demonstrates the importance of evaluating environmental and temporal effects on germination traits, since the scope of surveillance in the field may need to be expanded based on new information about environmental tolerance. Long-term monitoring may also be necessary to effectively control invasive plant populations capable of forming a persistent seed bank.","PeriodicalId":14470,"journal":{"name":"Invasive Plant Science and Management","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135635968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACT An important route of introduction of some non-native species that subsequently become invasive in the United States is through horticulture. One such plant is Euonymus fortunei (Turcz.) Hand.-Maz., commonly known as wintercreeper, an evergreen groundcover with over 52 different horticultural varieties and which is still sold at many plant nurseries and garden centers in the Midwestern United States. Although several states have recognized E. fortunei as an invasive species, it is unknown how its escape from cultivation has occurred and even the identity of spreading populations, including whether hybrids or cultivars are involved. Using codominant microsatellite markers, we sampled multiple invasive populations in Ohio, Kentucky, Kansas, and Minnesota, and compared their genotypes with commercially available cultivars to determine how spread has occurred. All samples collected from invasive populations were genetically identical to one another and matched perfectly with the ‘Coloratus’ cultivar, the only cultivar to exhibit polyploidy. The data also suggests that E. fortunei may potentially reproduce via apomixis and/or clonally through propagule fragments, which can quickly fix favorable genotypes within a population. To curb continued invasive spread, we suggest that ‘Coloratus’ be removed from commercial sale and distribution. We also propose that land managers, horticultural and landscaping businesses, and governmental agencies carefully monitor other Euonymus cultivars for invasive potential and spread.
{"title":"Genetic Analysis of Invasive Spread of <i>Euonymus fortunei</i> (Wintercreeper), a Popular Ornamental Groundcover","authors":"Robert J. Elam, Theresa M. Culley","doi":"10.1017/inp.2023.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/inp.2023.31","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT An important route of introduction of some non-native species that subsequently become invasive in the United States is through horticulture. One such plant is Euonymus fortunei (Turcz.) Hand.-Maz., commonly known as wintercreeper, an evergreen groundcover with over 52 different horticultural varieties and which is still sold at many plant nurseries and garden centers in the Midwestern United States. Although several states have recognized E. fortunei as an invasive species, it is unknown how its escape from cultivation has occurred and even the identity of spreading populations, including whether hybrids or cultivars are involved. Using codominant microsatellite markers, we sampled multiple invasive populations in Ohio, Kentucky, Kansas, and Minnesota, and compared their genotypes with commercially available cultivars to determine how spread has occurred. All samples collected from invasive populations were genetically identical to one another and matched perfectly with the ‘Coloratus’ cultivar, the only cultivar to exhibit polyploidy. The data also suggests that E. fortunei may potentially reproduce via apomixis and/or clonally through propagule fragments, which can quickly fix favorable genotypes within a population. To curb continued invasive spread, we suggest that ‘Coloratus’ be removed from commercial sale and distribution. We also propose that land managers, horticultural and landscaping businesses, and governmental agencies carefully monitor other Euonymus cultivars for invasive potential and spread.","PeriodicalId":14470,"journal":{"name":"Invasive Plant Science and Management","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135634366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Trait differences between invasive plants and the plants in their recipient communities moderate the impact of invaders on community composition. Callery pear ( Pyrus calleryana Decne.) is a fast-growing, stress-tolerant tree native to China that has been widely planted for its ornamental value. In recent decades, P. calleryana has naturalized throughout the eastern United States, where it spreads rapidly and achieves high abundance in early-successional environments. Here we compare the impacts of low-density, establishment-phase P. calleryana to those of functionally similar native trees on the understory community diversity and total cover of three early-successional meadows in Indiana’s eastern corn belt plains. In contrast to our prediction that P. calleryana would have greater negative effects on the total abundance and diversity of the understory plant community compared to native Liriodendron tulipifera L., Platanus occidentalis L., or non-tree control plots, we found that these low-density populations of P. calleryana had no significant impact on total cover, species richness, or diversity indices for the understory community, compared to the native trees and non-tree control plots. Likewise, the studied populations of P. calleryana had no significant impact on the native, introduced, woody, or native tree subsets of the understory community. These results indicate that in young, low-density populations situated in early-successional meadows, the trait differences between P. calleryana and functionally similar native trees are not of a great enough magnitude to produce changes in community composition. Going forward, complementary research on the impacts of P. calleryana on community composition and ecosystem processes in areas with long-established, dense invasions or invasions in more sensitive ecosystems would allow us to more fully understand how this widespread invader disrupts its host ecosystems.
摘要入侵植物与寄主群落间的性状差异调节了入侵植物对群落组成的影响。梨(Pyrus calleryana Decne.)是一种生长迅速，耐应力的原产于中国的树木，因其观赏价值而被广泛种植。近几十年来，糙孢单胞菌已在美国东部归化，在那里传播迅速，并在早期演替环境中达到高丰度。本文比较了印第安那州东部玉米带平原3个早期演替草甸低密度、成长期和功能相似的原生乔木对林下群落多样性和总覆盖度的影响。结果表明，与土生鹅毛楸、西洋Platanus occidentalis L.和非乔木对照区相比，低密度石斛种群对林下植物群落的总覆盖度、物种丰富度和多样性指数的影响不显著，与土生乔木和非乔木对照区相比，石斛种群对林下植物群落的总体丰度和多样性指数的影响不显著。同样，研究群体对林下群落的原生亚群、引种亚群、木本亚群和原生乔木亚群也没有显著影响。这些结果表明，在早期演替草甸的低密度年轻种群中，糙皮草与功能相似的原生乔木之间的性状差异不足以引起群落组成的变化。展望未来，对糙孢单胞菌对群落组成和生态系统过程的影响的补充研究将使我们更全面地了解这种广泛的入侵者如何破坏其宿主生态系统。
{"title":"Invasion by <i>Pyrus calleryana</i> does not affect understory abundance or diversity in early-successional meadows","authors":"Andrea N. Nebhut, Jeffrey S. Dukes","doi":"10.1017/inp.2023.28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/inp.2023.28","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Trait differences between invasive plants and the plants in their recipient communities moderate the impact of invaders on community composition. Callery pear ( Pyrus calleryana Decne.) is a fast-growing, stress-tolerant tree native to China that has been widely planted for its ornamental value. In recent decades, P. calleryana has naturalized throughout the eastern United States, where it spreads rapidly and achieves high abundance in early-successional environments. Here we compare the impacts of low-density, establishment-phase P. calleryana to those of functionally similar native trees on the understory community diversity and total cover of three early-successional meadows in Indiana’s eastern corn belt plains. In contrast to our prediction that P. calleryana would have greater negative effects on the total abundance and diversity of the understory plant community compared to native Liriodendron tulipifera L., Platanus occidentalis L., or non-tree control plots, we found that these low-density populations of P. calleryana had no significant impact on total cover, species richness, or diversity indices for the understory community, compared to the native trees and non-tree control plots. Likewise, the studied populations of P. calleryana had no significant impact on the native, introduced, woody, or native tree subsets of the understory community. These results indicate that in young, low-density populations situated in early-successional meadows, the trait differences between P. calleryana and functionally similar native trees are not of a great enough magnitude to produce changes in community composition. Going forward, complementary research on the impacts of P. calleryana on community composition and ecosystem processes in areas with long-established, dense invasions or invasions in more sensitive ecosystems would allow us to more fully understand how this widespread invader disrupts its host ecosystems.","PeriodicalId":14470,"journal":{"name":"Invasive Plant Science and Management","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135636234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Eurasian watermilfoil ( Myriophyllum spicatum L.) is an aquatic vascular plant that forms extensive dense beds in lakes. This invader competes with native plants, interferes with aquatic activities and decreases riparian property values. In Canada, the use of aquatic herbicides is highly restricted. Environmental managers must therefore rely on physical methods such as hand pulling or benthic matting for control. Although these methods are not new, there has been little scientific investigation regarding their effectiveness and cost over multiple years. Benthic matting and hand pulling were used in Lac des Abénaquis (area: 1.2 km 2 ) to control 3.6 ha of M. spicatum beds. Initiated by citizens in 2016, control procedures were scientifically studied in 2020 and 2021. Benthic fiberglass mats were deployed on dense M. spicatum patches for ten weeks. Isolated plants and patches <100 m 2 were hand pulled by divers, and the harvested material surfaced via a suction hose or in hand-filled bags. By August 2021, all the M. spicatum patches had been eliminated, and only 560 widely scattered plants remained. Over the last two years of control, hand pulling required 243 person-hours and removed 2,245 kg of biomass. The biomass brought to the surface was 2.4 times higher per person-hour with the suction system than with bags. The use of 1,000 m 2 of benthic mats required 47 to 51 person-hours per summer season, including installation, removal, and maintenance. Intensive management (years 1 to 5) using benthic mats and hand pulling cost an estimated Can$185,000 (US$140,000) per hectare of M. spicatum bed. Hand pulling of scattered individuals (years 6+), estimated at Can$20,000 (US$15,000) per summer, is essential to avoid re-infestation. An invasion of M. spicatum can successfully be managed in small lakes without herbicides, but control remains a costly and long-term endeavor.
{"title":"Efficient and rapid control of Eurasian watermilfoil (<i>Myriophyllum spicatum</i>) by combining benthic mats and hand pulling","authors":"Vincent Gagné, Claude Lavoie","doi":"10.1017/inp.2023.26","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/inp.2023.26","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Eurasian watermilfoil ( Myriophyllum spicatum L.) is an aquatic vascular plant that forms extensive dense beds in lakes. This invader competes with native plants, interferes with aquatic activities and decreases riparian property values. In Canada, the use of aquatic herbicides is highly restricted. Environmental managers must therefore rely on physical methods such as hand pulling or benthic matting for control. Although these methods are not new, there has been little scientific investigation regarding their effectiveness and cost over multiple years. Benthic matting and hand pulling were used in Lac des Abénaquis (area: 1.2 km 2 ) to control 3.6 ha of M. spicatum beds. Initiated by citizens in 2016, control procedures were scientifically studied in 2020 and 2021. Benthic fiberglass mats were deployed on dense M. spicatum patches for ten weeks. Isolated plants and patches <100 m 2 were hand pulled by divers, and the harvested material surfaced via a suction hose or in hand-filled bags. By August 2021, all the M. spicatum patches had been eliminated, and only 560 widely scattered plants remained. Over the last two years of control, hand pulling required 243 person-hours and removed 2,245 kg of biomass. The biomass brought to the surface was 2.4 times higher per person-hour with the suction system than with bags. The use of 1,000 m 2 of benthic mats required 47 to 51 person-hours per summer season, including installation, removal, and maintenance. Intensive management (years 1 to 5) using benthic mats and hand pulling cost an estimated Can$185,000 (US$140,000) per hectare of M. spicatum bed. Hand pulling of scattered individuals (years 6+), estimated at Can$20,000 (US$15,000) per summer, is essential to avoid re-infestation. An invasion of M. spicatum can successfully be managed in small lakes without herbicides, but control remains a costly and long-term endeavor.","PeriodicalId":14470,"journal":{"name":"Invasive Plant Science and Management","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135616562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract One way that climate change is projected to affect invasive plant management is by shifting the ranges of invasive plants. In some regions, hundreds of new, potentially invasive species could establish in coming decades. These species are prime candidates for early detection and rapid response. However, with limited resources, it is unlikely that invasive plant managers will be able to monitor and treat this large number of novel species. Determining which species are likely to have the greatest impacts could inform further risk assessment and mitigate the greatest amount of potential damage. Here, we used the Environmental Impact Classification for Alien Taxa (EICAT) protocol to evaluate the potential impacts of 104 invasive plant species that are projected to establish in Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, New Jersey, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and/or West Virginia by mid-century with climate change. These species were identified using the Invasive Range Expanders Listing Tool to predict which invasive species are likely to shift their range into the target state by mid-century. We used Web of Science to search for studies on each species involving impacts to ecological or socio-economic sectors. We scored ecological impacts on a scale of 1 (‘minimal concern’) to 4 (‘major concern’) and socio-economic impacts as present or not present. We evaluated 674 papers and categorized the species into these categories: 32 high-impact species, 20 moderate-impact species, and 13 minor or minimal-impact species. Two of the 32 high-impact species ( Ehrharta erecta Lam. and Tamarix aphylla (L.) Karst.) pose a risk to all eight Mid-Atlantic states. There were also 46 species that pose a risk to socio-economic sectors, including agriculture, the economy, and human health. 24 species were listed as data-deficient (no data could be found on them). This study provides a comprehensive review of reported impacts of range-shifting invasive plants in the Mid-Atlantic.
气候变化影响入侵植物管理的一种方式是改变入侵植物的分布范围。在一些地区，数百种新的、潜在的入侵物种可能在未来几十年内出现。这些物种是早期发现和快速反应的主要候选者。然而，在资源有限的情况下，入侵植物管理人员不太可能监测和治疗这么多的新物种。确定哪些物种可能受到最大的影响，可以为进一步的风险评估提供信息，并减轻最大程度的潜在损害。本文采用外来分类群环境影响分类(EICAT)协议，对104种入侵植物的潜在影响进行了评估，这些入侵植物预计将在本世纪中叶在特拉华州、肯塔基州、马里兰州、新泽西州、俄亥俄州、宾夕法尼亚州、弗吉尼亚州和/或西弗吉尼亚州建立。这些物种是使用入侵范围扩展列表工具识别的，以预测哪些入侵物种可能在本世纪中叶将其范围转移到目标状态。我们使用Web of Science搜索每个物种对生态或社会经济部门影响的研究。我们将生态影响分为1(“最小关注”)到4(“主要关注”)，并将社会经济影响分为存在或不存在。我们对674篇论文进行了评价，将物种分为高影响种32种，中等影响种20种，轻微或最小影响种13种。32种高影响物种中的2种(Ehrharta erecta Lam;和柽柳(L.)喀斯特)对大西洋中部的八个州都构成了威胁。还有46种对社会经济部门，包括农业、经济和人类健康构成风险。24种被列为数据不足(没有数据)。本研究对中大西洋地区迁移入侵植物的影响进行了综述。
{"title":"High-impact invasive plants expanding into Mid-Atlantic states - Identifying priority range-shifting species for monitoring in light of climate change Identifying Priority Invaders","authors":"Justin D. Salva, Bethany A. Bradley","doi":"10.1017/inp.2023.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/inp.2023.24","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract One way that climate change is projected to affect invasive plant management is by shifting the ranges of invasive plants. In some regions, hundreds of new, potentially invasive species could establish in coming decades. These species are prime candidates for early detection and rapid response. However, with limited resources, it is unlikely that invasive plant managers will be able to monitor and treat this large number of novel species. Determining which species are likely to have the greatest impacts could inform further risk assessment and mitigate the greatest amount of potential damage. Here, we used the Environmental Impact Classification for Alien Taxa (EICAT) protocol to evaluate the potential impacts of 104 invasive plant species that are projected to establish in Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, New Jersey, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and/or West Virginia by mid-century with climate change. These species were identified using the Invasive Range Expanders Listing Tool to predict which invasive species are likely to shift their range into the target state by mid-century. We used Web of Science to search for studies on each species involving impacts to ecological or socio-economic sectors. We scored ecological impacts on a scale of 1 (‘minimal concern’) to 4 (‘major concern’) and socio-economic impacts as present or not present. We evaluated 674 papers and categorized the species into these categories: 32 high-impact species, 20 moderate-impact species, and 13 minor or minimal-impact species. Two of the 32 high-impact species ( Ehrharta erecta Lam. and Tamarix aphylla (L.) Karst.) pose a risk to all eight Mid-Atlantic states. There were also 46 species that pose a risk to socio-economic sectors, including agriculture, the economy, and human health. 24 species were listed as data-deficient (no data could be found on them). This study provides a comprehensive review of reported impacts of range-shifting invasive plants in the Mid-Atlantic.","PeriodicalId":14470,"journal":{"name":"Invasive Plant Science and Management","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135351109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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{"title":"INP volume 16 issue 3 Cover and Front matter","authors":"","doi":"10.1017/inp.2023.25","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/inp.2023.25","url":null,"abstract":"An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. As you have access to this content, a full PDF is available via the ‘Save PDF’ action button.","PeriodicalId":14470,"journal":{"name":"Invasive Plant Science and Management","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135735750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana L. var. virginiana) is a native species currently invading open areas and grasslands outside of its original range in the United States. We studied the eastern redcedar’s (ERC) invasion patterns in the Lakeside Daisy State Nature Preserve (LDSNP), a short grass prairie located on the Marblehead Peninsula in Ohio, examining the changes in the genetic diversity and structure of the encroaching population. We investigated the relative importance of long-distance dispersal vs. diffusion in the invasion of this short grass prairie by ERC. We use eight microsatellite marker loci to infer gene flow from external sources vs. within-population recruitment. We found that the older trees in this preserve were less than fifty-years-old, indicating that the population was established between 1970 and 1980. When we grouped trees into five age categories of 10-year increments, we found that the allelic diversity, as indicated by the average number of alleles per locus, increased as the age of the trees decreased. We also found that not all loci were in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium, probably due to the arrival of new variants in the preserve. Moreover, heterozygosity remained high, with an excess of heterozygotes in all age groups (F = -0.163 ± 0.046). Principal Coordinate Analysis showed two distinct groups of trees in the LDSNP. Analysis of the cryptic population structure of the ERC trees using STRUCTURE revealed four ancestral clusters in the ERC population. All ancestral clusters are present in all age groups, suggesting that all trees sampled are derived from an admixed population. Furthermore, the high observed heterozygosity and lack of inbreeding in this dioecious species maintained all ancestral clusters over time. Overall, our findings indicate that ERC encroachment of the LDSNP results from multiple and reiterated gene flow events from the edge of the range through animal-mediated seed dispersal.
东部红杉(Juniperus virginiana L. var. virginiana)是一种本土物种，目前在美国入侵其原始范围以外的开阔地区和草原。本文研究了东部红杉(ERC)在美国俄亥俄州Marblehead半岛湖滨雏菊自然保护区(Lakeside Daisy State Nature Preserve, LDSNP)的入侵模式，探讨了入侵种群的遗传多样性和结构变化。利用ERC方法研究了远距离扩散与扩散在短草草原入侵中的相对重要性。我们使用8个微卫星标记位点来推断来自外部来源的基因流与群体内招募的基因流。我们发现这个保护区里的老树都不到50岁，这表明这个种群是在1970年到1980年之间建立的。当我们将树木分为5个年龄类别时，我们发现等位基因多样性，以每个位点的平均等位基因数量表示，随着树木年龄的减少而增加。我们还发现，并不是所有的基因座都处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态，这可能是由于保护区中出现了新的变异。杂合度较高，各年龄组杂合度均偏高(F = -0.163±0.046)。主坐标分析在LDSNP中显示了两组不同的树。利用structure分析ERC树的隐居群结构，揭示了ERC居群的4个祖先群。所有的祖先集群都存在于所有的年龄组，这表明所有的树木样本都来自一个混合种群。此外，这种雌雄异株物种的高杂合度和缺乏近交使所有祖先集群随着时间的推移保持不变。总的来说，我们的研究结果表明，ERC对LDSNP的侵蚀是通过动物介导的种子传播从范围边缘多次重复的基因流动事件造成的。
{"title":"Temporal changes in genetic diversity reveal small-scale invasion dynamics of the Eastern Redcedar (Juniperus virginiana L. var. virginiana) in the Lakeside Daisy State Nature Preserve in Ohio","authors":"Hannah M. Hartman, O. Rocha","doi":"10.1017/inp.2023.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1017/inp.2023.23","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana L. var. virginiana) is a native species currently invading open areas and grasslands outside of its original range in the United States. We studied the eastern redcedar’s (ERC) invasion patterns in the Lakeside Daisy State Nature Preserve (LDSNP), a short grass prairie located on the Marblehead Peninsula in Ohio, examining the changes in the genetic diversity and structure of the encroaching population. We investigated the relative importance of long-distance dispersal vs. diffusion in the invasion of this short grass prairie by ERC. We use eight microsatellite marker loci to infer gene flow from external sources vs. within-population recruitment. We found that the older trees in this preserve were less than fifty-years-old, indicating that the population was established between 1970 and 1980. When we grouped trees into five age categories of 10-year increments, we found that the allelic diversity, as indicated by the average number of alleles per locus, increased as the age of the trees decreased. We also found that not all loci were in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium, probably due to the arrival of new variants in the preserve. Moreover, heterozygosity remained high, with an excess of heterozygotes in all age groups (F = -0.163 ± 0.046). Principal Coordinate Analysis showed two distinct groups of trees in the LDSNP. Analysis of the cryptic population structure of the ERC trees using STRUCTURE revealed four ancestral clusters in the ERC population. All ancestral clusters are present in all age groups, suggesting that all trees sampled are derived from an admixed population. Furthermore, the high observed heterozygosity and lack of inbreeding in this dioecious species maintained all ancestral clusters over time. Overall, our findings indicate that ERC encroachment of the LDSNP results from multiple and reiterated gene flow events from the edge of the range through animal-mediated seed dispersal.","PeriodicalId":14470,"journal":{"name":"Invasive Plant Science and Management","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48876194","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"生物学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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