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Design and Implementation of an IPsec VPN Tunnel to Connect the Head Office and Branch Office of Hijra Bank 设计和实施连接 Hijra 银行总行和分行的 IPsec VPN 隧道
Pub Date : 2023-11-24 DOI: 10.11648/j.ijse.20230701.12
Kedir Lemma Arega
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引用次数: 0
Time-Reduced Model for Multilayer Spiking Neural Networks 多层脉冲神经网络的时间缩减模型
Pub Date : 2023-02-16 DOI: 10.11648/j.ijse.20230701.11
Yanjing Li
: Spiking neural networks (SNNs) is a type of biological neural network model, which is more biologically plausible and computationally powerful than traditional artificial neural networks (ANNs). SNNs can achieve the same goals as ANNs, and can build a large-scale network structure (i.e. deep spiking neural network) to accomplish complex tasks. However, training deep spiking neural network is difficult due to the non-differentiable nature of spike events, and it requires much computation time during the training period. In this paper, a time-reduced model adopting two methods is presented for reducing the computation time of a deep spiking neural network (i.e. approximating the spike response function by the piecewise linear method, and choosing the suitable number of sub-synapses). The experimental results show that the methods of piecewise linear approximation and choosing the suitable number of sub-synapses is effective. This method can not only reduce the training time but also simplify the network structure. With the piecewise linear approximation method, the half of computation time of the original model can be reduced by at least. With the rule of choosing the number of sub-synapses, the computation time of less than one-tenth of the original model can be reduced for XOR and Iris tasks.
:峰值神经网络(SNNs)是一种生物神经网络模型,它比传统的人工神经网络(ann)具有更强的生物学合理性和计算能力。snn可以实现与ann相同的目标,并且可以构建大规模的网络结构(即深度尖峰神经网络)来完成复杂的任务。然而,由于脉冲事件的不可微性,训练深度脉冲神经网络是一个困难的问题,并且在训练期间需要大量的计算时间。本文提出了一种采用两种方法的减时模型来减少深度尖峰神经网络的计算时间(即用分段线性方法逼近尖峰响应函数,并选择合适的子突触数量)。实验结果表明,分段线性逼近和选择合适的子突触数目的方法是有效的。该方法不仅减少了训练时间,而且简化了网络结构。采用分段线性逼近法,可使原模型的计算时间至少减少一半。通过选择子突触数量的规则,可以将异或和虹膜任务的计算时间减少到原模型的十分之一以下。
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引用次数: 0
Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM) Speed Response Correction Using Fuzzy-PID Self-Tuning Controller Under Sudden and Gradual Load Variation 基于模糊pid自整定控制器的永磁同步电机(PMSM)速度响应校正
Pub Date : 2023-02-09 DOI: 10.11648/j.ijse.20220602.11
V. Teymoori, N. Arish, M. Moradi, Pedram Ghalebani
: The development and improvement of the control of electric motors has drawn the researchers' attention to the implementation of all types of controllers in motors, especially the permanent magnets, because of advantages such as high-power density in lower volumes, lower losses, higher efficiency, high speed performance range and etc. in comparison with other motors, as well as extensive use in the industries including robotics, military, medical
随着电机控制技术的发展和改进,各种类型的控制器在电机中的应用,特别是永磁电机,与其他电机相比,具有体积小、功率密度高、损耗小、效率高、速度性能范围广等优点,在机器人、军事、医疗等行业中得到广泛应用
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引用次数: 1
Improving Loss Minimization in 33kv Power Distribution Network Using Optimized Genetic Algorithm 利用优化遗传算法改进33kv配电网损耗最小化
Pub Date : 2021-06-09 DOI: 10.11648/j.ijse.20210501.15
N. B. Ngang, B. Kazeem, U. Ikechukwu, Aneke Nnamere Ezekiel
The epileptic power supply from the national grid due to instability is a concern to energy consumer. This instability in power supply experienced in power distribution network could be minimized by introducing Optimized Genetic Algorithm (OGA). It is achieved by characterizing 33KV distribution network, running the load flow of the characterized 33KV distribution network, determining the distribution losses from the load flow. Minimizing the determined losses in 33kv distribution network using (OGA), and designing SIMULINK model for improving loss minimization in 33kv power distribution network using OGA. Finally, validating and justifying the percentage of loss reduction in improving loss minimization in 33kv power distribution network without and with OGA. The results obtained are conventional percentage power loss in 33KV distribution network, 75%, while that when OGA is incorporated in the system is 72.9%. With these results obtained, the percentage improvement in loss reduction in 33KV distribution network when OGA is used is 2.1%. The conventional percentage of power loss in 33KV distribution network is 80%. The percentage power loss in the distribution network now is 72.9%; hence, power loss reduction in distribution network. Unmitigated power loss was 76.7% when OGA is introduced we had 74.63%. The percentage power loss in distribution network in bus 8 is 81.7% while that when OGA is applied is 79.49%. The percentage power loss in bus 9 of 33KV distribution network is 86.7%. Finally, when optimized genetic algorithm is incorporated in the system the percentage power loss in the network was reduced to 84.36%.
国家电网不稳定的电力供应是能源消费者关注的问题。通过引入优化遗传算法(OGA),可以最大限度地降低配电网供电的不稳定性。通过对33KV配电网进行表征,运行所表征的33KV配电网的潮流,从潮流中确定配电网损耗来实现。利用(OGA)最小化33kv配电网的确定损耗,并设计SIMULINK模型,利用OGA提高33kv配电网的损耗最小化。最后,验证和证明在无OGA和有OGA的33kv配电网络中,损耗降低的百分比。结果表明:在33KV配电网中,常规损耗率为75%,而在系统中加入OGA后,损耗率为72.9%。结果表明,采用OGA后,33KV配电网的减损率提高了2.1%。33KV配电网的常规损耗率为80%。目前配电网的损耗率为72.9%;从而降低配电网的功率损耗。引入OGA后,未减功率损耗为76.7%,为74.63%。8号母线配电网损耗率为81.7%,采用OGA配电网损耗率为79.49%。33KV配电网9号母线损耗率为86.7%。最后,将优化后的遗传算法加入到系统中,使网络的功率损耗率降低到84.36%。
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引用次数: 0
Effect of Super White Washing Process Temperature and Optical Brightening Agent Concentration on Various Properties of Stretch Denim Fabric 超白洗涤工艺温度及光学增白剂浓度对弹力牛仔织物各项性能的影响
Pub Date : 2021-06-09 DOI: 10.11648/j.ijse.20210501.16
Md. Zayedul Hasan, A. Asif, Md. Tareque Rahaman, S. Akter
This research work was intended to discover the effect of super white washing process temperature and OBA (optical brightening agent) concentration on various properties of stretch denim fabric. Different properties like tensile strength, tear strength, dimensional stability, pilling resistance, hand feel performance, color fastness to washing, color fastness to perspiration, color fastness to light were investigated. All experimental tests were carried out according to the ISO (International Organization for Standardization) standards. Stretch denim fabric treated with super white washing process demonstrated better results regarding tensile strength, tear strength and dimensional stability for 35°C temperature and 30g/L OBA concentration along with illustrated moderate to good ratings in different color fastness properties after gradual increase of processing OBA concentration and temperature; although no significant change was observed regarding the grade of color change and color staining for color fastness to wash, color fastness to perspiration and color fastness to light with respect to stretch denim fabric treated with super white washing. The grade for pilling resistance and hand feel performance was comparatively good after the elevation of processing temperature and OBA concentration. The GSM (gram per square meter) of stretch denim fabric also changed accordingly after increasing the OBA concentration and washing process temperature for super white washed stretch denim fabric. The dimensional stability of stretch denim fabric also altered after going through different OBA concentration and washing process temperature.
本研究旨在探讨超白洗涤工艺温度和OBA(光学增白剂)浓度对弹力牛仔布各项性能的影响。考察了抗拉强度、撕裂强度、尺寸稳定性、抗起球性、手感、耐洗色牢度、耐汗色牢度、耐光色牢度等性能。所有实验测试均按照ISO(国际标准化组织)标准进行。经超白水洗处理的弹力牛仔布在35℃温度和30g/L OBA浓度条件下的抗拉强度、撕裂强度和尺寸稳定性较好,在逐渐提高处理OBA浓度和温度后,不同色牢度性能均为中等至良好;虽然在染色牢度、耐汗色牢度和耐光色牢度方面,经过超白洗涤处理的弹力牛仔织物的色变等级和染色程度没有明显变化。提高加工温度和OBA浓度后,其抗起球性能和手感性能等级均较好。提高超白水洗弹力牛仔布的OBA浓度和洗涤工艺温度后,弹力牛仔布的GSM(克/平方米)也发生了相应的变化。经过不同的OBA浓度和洗涤工艺温度,弹力牛仔布的尺寸稳定性也发生了变化。
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引用次数: 5
LDOCad – A Behavioral Model Generation Tool for an LDO Linear Regulator LDOCad - LDO线性调节器的行为模型生成工具
Pub Date : 2021-05-15 DOI: 10.11648/J.IJSE.20210501.14
Yong Gao, Chuanfeng Wei
Low drop-out (LDO) voltage regulators are widely used in many portable applications, such as cell phones, laptops, and earplugs. However, the design and simulation of the circuit takes a long time. Hence, the behavioral model for an LDO regulator is greatly needed. In this paper, the hybrid modeling method has been illustrated for generating a behavioral model for an LDO regulator circuit. The hybrid modeling method integrates a table-based modeling method and a circuit simplification method for generating an LDO linear regulator behavioral model. Based on research of the automation topologies and algorithms a behavioral model generation tool for an LDO linear regulator, LDOCad, is also described, including the software architecture and different modules of LDOCad. This tool provides the modeler, or circuit designer, with an approach to quickly and automatically generate a behavioral model for an LDO linear regulator. When the netlist processing algorithm, the table generation algorithm, and the modeled node and topology device extraction algorithm are executed, the hybrid model can be generated through the model topology formulator. The algorithms are generic and robust. The models tested demonstrate an accurate match with the performance of the original circuits and achieve from a 5 to 19 times speed improvement in simulations.
低降差(LDO)稳压器广泛应用于许多便携式应用,如手机,笔记本电脑和耳塞。然而,电路的设计和仿真需要很长时间。因此,LDO调节器的行为模型是非常必要的。本文介绍了一种用于生成LDO稳压电路行为模型的混合建模方法。该混合建模方法集成了基于表的建模方法和电路简化方法,用于生成LDO线性调节器行为模型。在对LDO线性调节器的自动化拓扑和算法进行研究的基础上,介绍了LDOCad行为模型生成工具,包括LDOCad的软件结构和各模块。该工具为建模人员或电路设计人员提供了一种快速自动生成LDO线性稳压器行为模型的方法。当执行网表处理算法、表生成算法、建模节点和拓扑设备提取算法时,可通过模型拓扑制定器生成混合模型。该算法具有通用性和鲁棒性。经过测试的模型与原始电路的性能相匹配,并且在仿真中实现了5到19倍的速度提升。
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引用次数: 0
Predication of the SMR Critical Core Performance Under Zero Power 零功率下SMR临界堆芯性能预测
Pub Date : 2021-05-08 DOI: 10.11648/j.ijse.20210501.13
Magy Kandil Salwa Helmy Ahmed Refaey
In Nuclear Power plants, Reactivity Induced Accidents can lead to sever accidents. Rod Ejection Accidents are part of Reactivity Induced Accidents that induced through driven by reactivity insertion due to many failures. Thus, safety analysis of core behaviour under many external rod reactivities in Nuclear power plants are mandatory by regulators or safety authorities. In this research, a new dynamic model is proposed for core safety analysis under Rod Ejection Accidents. Thermal Power and other core parameters predictions are the most important goals for any reactor operation policy, during all periods and specifically at zero power to avoid severe accidents. The proposed model involves of a point kinetics explanation of neutronics combined with thermal hydraulic dynamics in the reactor core to predict its variation of parameters during transients using MATLAB environment. The proposed model is validated through comparing with the transient dynamic responses obtained through previous research for a chosen design of NuScale small modular reactor. In addition, the proposed model is verified through determining the dynamic reactor responses of Rod Ejection Accidents at hot zero power with many perturbations of different control rod ejection. The Performed safety analysis results of validation and the verification demonstrate that, the proposed model represents the reactor core behavior during the rod ejection transients with good prediction of thermal power of core peaks. Moreover, it allowed large explorations of core safety parameters and predicting the performance of its rector core during Rod Ejection Accidents under critical Hot zero power.
在核电站中,反应性诱发事故可能导致严重的事故。抽油杆弹射事故是反应性诱发事故的一部分,是由于许多故障由反应性插入驱动引起的。因此,对核电厂许多外棒反应下堆芯行为的安全分析是监管机构或安全当局的强制性要求。在本研究中,提出了一种新的抽杆事故下堆芯安全分析的动态模型。对于任何反应堆运行政策来说,在所有时期,特别是在零功率状态下,热功率和其他堆芯参数的预测都是最重要的目标,以避免发生严重事故。该模型涉及中子点动力学解释,结合堆芯内的热工水力动力学,在MATLAB环境下预测堆芯瞬态参数的变化。通过与NuScale小型模块化反应堆设计方案的瞬态动态响应对比,验证了所提模型的有效性。此外,通过对热零功率下不同控制棒弹射的多摄动情况下的反应堆动态响应进行了验证。已执行的安全性分析验证和验证结果表明,所提出的模型能较好地预测堆芯抛射瞬态时的堆芯行为,并能较好地预测堆芯峰值的热功率。此外,它还允许对堆芯安全参数进行大量探索,并在临界热零功率下预测其矢量堆芯在棒弹射事故中的性能。
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引用次数: 0
Flow of a Williamson Fluid over a Stretching Sheet Containing Nanoparticles 威廉逊流体在含有纳米颗粒的拉伸薄片上的流动
Pub Date : 2021-04-30 DOI: 10.11648/j.ijse.20210501.12
F. Deba, A. Rehman, Z. Khan, Saleem Iqbal, Naveed Sheikh
In this article, an attempt has been made to study the behavior of non-Newtonian viscoelastic model of a Williamson fluid flow problem containing nanoparticles and is assumed to be flowing over a stretching sheet stretched along its surface in both directions with the same constant surface stretching velocity. The boundary layer governing equations of the conservation of mass, conservation of linear momentum and the energy are first modeled into a set of nonlinear coupled partial differential equations along with the appropriate boundary conditions. A numerical study of impact of nanofluid flow over a stretching sheet is tabulated. The basic equations of Williamson fluid are modeled with the help of Navier-Stokes equations for momentum and heat transfer. With the assistance of appropriate similarity transformations these pair of PEDs is transformed into up-to-date system of coupled nonlinear ODEs. These transformed systems of equations are evaluated numerically with the assistance of shooting method using forth order. The dominant physical properties for system of equations of the model that is wall shear stress, and the coefficient of skin friction are acquired. The behavior of nondimensional velocity and thermal flow profiles are discussed for the important involved dimensionless parameters like the Williamson fluid parameter and the nanoparticles volume fraction through tables and graphs.
本文试图研究含有纳米颗粒的Williamson流体流动问题的非牛顿粘弹性模型的行为,并假设纳米颗粒沿其表面沿两个方向以相同的恒定表面拉伸速度流过拉伸片。首先将质量守恒、线性动量守恒和能量守恒的边界层控制方程与适当的边界条件一起建模为一组非线性耦合偏微分方程。对纳米流体在拉伸薄片上流动的影响进行了数值研究。利用动量和传热的Navier-Stokes方程建立了Williamson流体的基本方程。在适当的相似变换的帮助下,将这对微分方程转化为最新的耦合非线性微分方程系统。利用四阶射击法对这些变换后的方程组进行数值计算。得到了模型方程组的主要物理性质为壁面剪应力和表面摩擦系数。通过表格和图表讨论了涉及到的重要的无量纲参数如Williamson流体参数和纳米颗粒体积分数的无量纲速度和热流分布的行为。
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引用次数: 3
Wavelet Filtering in Shock Stochastic Systems with High Availability 高可用性冲击随机系统的小波滤波
Pub Date : 2021-02-23 DOI: 10.11648/J.IJSE.20210501.11
Sinitsyn Igor Nikolaevich, Sinitsyn Vladimir Igorevich, Korepanov Edward Rudolfovich, Konashenkova Tatyana Dmitirievna
For filtering problems in StSHA under nonGaussian ShD methodological and algorithmically WL support is developed. 3 types of filters are considered: KBF (WLKBF), LPF (WLLPF) and SOLF (WLSOLF). These filters have the following advantages: on-line regime, high accuracy and possibility of algorithmically description of complex ShD. Wavelet filter modifications are based on Galerkin method and Haar wavelet expansions. WLF unlike KBF, LPF and SOLF do not need to integrate system of ordinary differential Eqs. These filters must solve system of linear algebraic Eqs with constant coefficients. KBF (WLKBF) and SOLF (WLSOLF) are recommended for StSHA with additive ShD whereas LPF (WLLPF) are recommended for StSHA with parametric and additive ShD. Basic applications are: on-line identification and calibration of nonstationary processes in StSHA of ShD. Methods are illustrated by example of 3 dimensional differential linear information control system at complex ShD. Basic algorithms and error analysis for KBF (WLKBF) and LPF (WLLPF) are presented and 15 Figure; illustrate filters peculiarities for small and fin damping. These filters allow to estimate the accumulation effects for systematic and random errors. Results may be generalized for filtration, extrapolation with interpolation problems in StSHA and multiple ShD.
对于非高斯ShD条件下StSHA中的滤波问题,开发了支持WL的方法和算法。考虑了三种类型的滤波器:KBF (WLKBF), LPF (WLLPF)和SOLF (WLSOLF)。这些滤波器具有在线状态、精度高、可以对复杂的ShD进行算法描述等优点。小波滤波器的改进是基于伽辽金方法和哈尔小波展开。与KBF、LPF和SOLF不同,WLF不需要积分常微分方程系统。这些滤波器必须求解常系数线性代数方程组。对于具有可加ShD的StSHA,建议使用KBF (WLKBF)和SOLF (WLSOLF),而对于具有参数ShD和可加ShD的StSHA,建议使用LPF (WLLPF)。基本应用是:ShD的StSHA非平稳过程的在线识别和校准。以三维微分线性信息控制系统为例,说明了该方法的有效性。给出了KBF (WLKBF)和LPF (WLLPF)的基本算法和误差分析。说明小阻尼和翅片阻尼滤波器的特性。这些滤波器允许估计系统误差和随机误差的累积效应。结果可推广到StSHA和多重ShD的过滤、插值外推问题。
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引用次数: 0
A Natural Sequence of Socio-Technical Transition Pathways 社会技术转型路径的自然序列
Pub Date : 2021-01-01 DOI: 10.11648/j.ijse.20210502.14
M. Hussaini, M. Scholz
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引用次数: 1
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International Journal of Systems Engineering
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