Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.11648/j.ijse.20210502.11
Iyere Sunday Fidelis, Idim Aniebiet Idim
{"title":"Design and Implementation of Hydrogen Fuel Cell as a Means of Alternative Energy","authors":"Iyere Sunday Fidelis, Idim Aniebiet Idim","doi":"10.11648/j.ijse.20210502.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijse.20210502.11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14477,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Systems Engineering","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89475644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.11648/j.ijse.20210502.12
Alhassan Jamilu Ibrahim, Abbas M. Hassan, Abdulkadir Hassan Disina, Zahraddeen Abubakar Pindar
5G which stands for 5 Generation Mobile technology, is a groundbreaking technology that the world now witnesses in mobile telecommunications and which has proven to be twenty or more times faster than the existing 4G technology. New standard releases beyond 4G are already in progress by standardization bodies, but at this time implementation and rollout of systems compliant with 5G is still under way in some parts of the world. The goals of a 5G-based telecommunications network would ideally answer the challenges that a 4G model would present once it has entered widespread use. The innovative features of 5G in many ways can be employed to support governments, established companies, new ideas, business models and services that require continuous connections between multiple parties that may include enterprises, telecom providers, mobile operators, government regulators, infrastructure providers and much more. This research highlighted the idea behind 5G technologies, its interconnections with smart objects of Internet of things (IoT) as well as offerings it has gained from others like Blockchain technology. The design for system model of network architecture for 5G mobile systems is described including creating IP tunnels over IP interfaces obtained by connection to the terminal via the access technologies available to the terminal (i.e., mobile user). The economic impact and the contributions of 5G technology is vigorously highlighted while some of the challenges that is faced in designing, deploying and managing the technology is also probed.
{"title":"The Technologies of 5G: Opportunities, Applications and Challenges","authors":"Alhassan Jamilu Ibrahim, Abbas M. Hassan, Abdulkadir Hassan Disina, Zahraddeen Abubakar Pindar","doi":"10.11648/j.ijse.20210502.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijse.20210502.12","url":null,"abstract":"5G which stands for 5 Generation Mobile technology, is a groundbreaking technology that the world now witnesses in mobile telecommunications and which has proven to be twenty or more times faster than the existing 4G technology. New standard releases beyond 4G are already in progress by standardization bodies, but at this time implementation and rollout of systems compliant with 5G is still under way in some parts of the world. The goals of a 5G-based telecommunications network would ideally answer the challenges that a 4G model would present once it has entered widespread use. The innovative features of 5G in many ways can be employed to support governments, established companies, new ideas, business models and services that require continuous connections between multiple parties that may include enterprises, telecom providers, mobile operators, government regulators, infrastructure providers and much more. This research highlighted the idea behind 5G technologies, its interconnections with smart objects of Internet of things (IoT) as well as offerings it has gained from others like Blockchain technology. The design for system model of network architecture for 5G mobile systems is described including creating IP tunnels over IP interfaces obtained by connection to the terminal via the access technologies available to the terminal (i.e., mobile user). The economic impact and the contributions of 5G technology is vigorously highlighted while some of the challenges that is faced in designing, deploying and managing the technology is also probed.","PeriodicalId":14477,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Systems Engineering","volume":"25 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87093338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.11648/j.ijse.20210502.13
M. Hussaini, M. Scholz
{"title":"A Compatibility Framework for System Transition Literature","authors":"M. Hussaini, M. Scholz","doi":"10.11648/j.ijse.20210502.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijse.20210502.13","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14477,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Systems Engineering","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91046272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-21DOI: 10.11648/J.IJSE.20200402.12
A. Akkermann, A. Hahn
The steadily increasing complexity of maritime systems substantially raised the need for advanced verification and validation (V&V) as well as certification methods. Extensive simulation-based certification adds new opportunities to existing physical testing. Compared with simulation, field tests are extremely time-consuming and therefore expensive. Furthermore, relevant close-range situations between ships or environmental impacts (e.g. certain types of bad weather situation) are impossible to perform in the field for safety reasons and the uncontrollability of the environment or simply the amount of experiments needed. Systems in the maritime domain (like products for navigation assistance, sensors, communication equipment etc.) are typically not used isolated but as part of a complex setup. More and more sensors and actuators are integrated to provide data for various systems or information services on board a ship and ashore. Since such systems are typically continuously evolving during their service lifetime, the development and maintenance of maritime systems (e.g. bridge systems) need to considered in its usage context that includes interconnected systems and external services, sensors and actuators. CPSoS (Cyber-Physical System of Systems) demand innovative approaches for distributed optimization, novel distributed management and control methodologies that can also deal with partially autonomous systems, and must be resilient to faults or cyber-attacks. In addition, CPSoS engineering no longer maintains the former strict separation between the engineering phases and actual operation. Instead, integrated approaches for the design- and operation- phase are required to cover the full lifecycle by modelling, simulation, validation, and verification (V&V). Thus, prospectively, it will be necessary to monitor the system formation and to conduct a final assessment of the system by means of a suitable application of test cases in a controlled and comprehensible manner. These systems have an emerging behavior and cannot entirely defined during the design phase. At this point it becomes apparent that conventional unit, integration and system tests are no longer sufficient to fully cover and validate the functional limits of Cyber-Physical System of Systems. An acceptable test coverage cannot be achieved with these methods for such systems. In this paper the authors present a use case of collision-regulation compliance checker to compare virtual (i.e. simulation-based) V&V, physical (i.e. in-situ testing) V&V and hybrid, mixed-reality V&V.
{"title":"Comparing Simulation with Physical Verification and Validation in a Maritime Test Field","authors":"A. Akkermann, A. Hahn","doi":"10.11648/J.IJSE.20200402.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJSE.20200402.12","url":null,"abstract":"The steadily increasing complexity of maritime systems substantially raised the need for advanced verification and validation (V&V) as well as certification methods. Extensive simulation-based certification adds new opportunities to existing physical testing. Compared with simulation, field tests are extremely time-consuming and therefore expensive. Furthermore, relevant close-range situations between ships or environmental impacts (e.g. certain types of bad weather situation) are impossible to perform in the field for safety reasons and the uncontrollability of the environment or simply the amount of experiments needed. Systems in the maritime domain (like products for navigation assistance, sensors, communication equipment etc.) are typically not used isolated but as part of a complex setup. More and more sensors and actuators are integrated to provide data for various systems or information services on board a ship and ashore. Since such systems are typically continuously evolving during their service lifetime, the development and maintenance of maritime systems (e.g. bridge systems) need to considered in its usage context that includes interconnected systems and external services, sensors and actuators. CPSoS (Cyber-Physical System of Systems) demand innovative approaches for distributed optimization, novel distributed management and control methodologies that can also deal with partially autonomous systems, and must be resilient to faults or cyber-attacks. In addition, CPSoS engineering no longer maintains the former strict separation between the engineering phases and actual operation. Instead, integrated approaches for the design- and operation- phase are required to cover the full lifecycle by modelling, simulation, validation, and verification (V&V). Thus, prospectively, it will be necessary to monitor the system formation and to conduct a final assessment of the system by means of a suitable application of test cases in a controlled and comprehensible manner. These systems have an emerging behavior and cannot entirely defined during the design phase. At this point it becomes apparent that conventional unit, integration and system tests are no longer sufficient to fully cover and validate the functional limits of Cyber-Physical System of Systems. An acceptable test coverage cannot be achieved with these methods for such systems. In this paper the authors present a use case of collision-regulation compliance checker to compare virtual (i.e. simulation-based) V&V, physical (i.e. in-situ testing) V&V and hybrid, mixed-reality V&V.","PeriodicalId":14477,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Systems Engineering","volume":"28 1","pages":"18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90087064","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: The article aims to explore the effect of continuous skin temperature monitoring on nursing for flap transplantation for repairing hand skin soft tissue defect. Methods: We selected 70 patients who received flap transplantation for hand skin soft tissue defect repair from April 2016 to April 2018 in a hospital and averagely randomized them into control group and observation group. Both groups were given routine nursing and the observation group also received continuous skin temperature monitoring. The incidence of vascular crisis, length of stay and duration of wound healing were compared between the two groups. Results: The incidence of vascular crisis, length of stay and duration of wound healing of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusions: Continuous skin temperature monitoring has a great effect on the nursing for patients who received flap transplantation for hand skin defect repair. It can help detect circulatory crisis earlier so that medical staff can give intervention earlier, which can effectively reduce occurrence of complications of vascular crisis and thus is worth clinical application.
{"title":"Effect of Continuous Skin Temperature Monitoring on Nursing Care for Patients After Flap Transplantation for Hand Skin Defect Repair","authors":"Wenxian Liang, Qingran Lin, Weiju Chen, Yuxia Guan, M. He, Kelie Wang, Yanjun Yang, Ziqing Zhang","doi":"10.11648/J.IJSE.20200402.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJSE.20200402.11","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: The article aims to explore the effect of continuous skin temperature monitoring on nursing for flap transplantation for repairing hand skin soft tissue defect. Methods: We selected 70 patients who received flap transplantation for hand skin soft tissue defect repair from April 2016 to April 2018 in a hospital and averagely randomized them into control group and observation group. Both groups were given routine nursing and the observation group also received continuous skin temperature monitoring. The incidence of vascular crisis, length of stay and duration of wound healing were compared between the two groups. Results: The incidence of vascular crisis, length of stay and duration of wound healing of the observation group were significantly lower than those of the control group (P<0.05). Conclusions: Continuous skin temperature monitoring has a great effect on the nursing for patients who received flap transplantation for hand skin defect repair. It can help detect circulatory crisis earlier so that medical staff can give intervention earlier, which can effectively reduce occurrence of complications of vascular crisis and thus is worth clinical application.","PeriodicalId":14477,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Systems Engineering","volume":"10 1","pages":"12"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91295448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-04DOI: 10.11648/j.ijse.20200401.12
Lisa Sivertson
In aerospace development and manufacturing environments, the cost of tests contributes a significant portion to the overall program costs. An extensive test program results in increased costs and unforeseen delays in fielding needed products and technologies. On average test represents approximately 30% of overall costs. The lack of a well thought out test strategy developed early and maintained through the entire program lifecycle results in high operational field failures, increased test equipment and unit production costs, delays in unit integration, redundant manufacturing tests, and poor transition into production as well as an increase in program risks. This paper describes the concept of an evolving program test strategy and the role of a Test Architect to achieve the goal of reducing test costs across the entire program lifecycle. Defining a test strategy results in clearly structured test plan and architecture, optimized test event planning and comprehensive test artifacts early in the program lifecycle. As a Subject Matter Expert, the Test Architect sets and drives the test strategy ensuring an overall test program is optimized and aligned across three phases of development: User Operations, Development and Production. To achieve a robust test strategy, the Test Architect uses a Socratic approach to question why a test needs to be performed, increasing the likelihood of executing a successful development test program, facilitating a seamless transition into production and optimizing the support of the deployed product.
{"title":"A Socratic Approach to Optimizing Aerospace Manufacturing Costs","authors":"Lisa Sivertson","doi":"10.11648/j.ijse.20200401.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijse.20200401.12","url":null,"abstract":"In aerospace development and manufacturing environments, the cost of tests contributes a significant portion to the overall program costs. An extensive test program results in increased costs and unforeseen delays in fielding needed products and technologies. On average test represents approximately 30% of overall costs. The lack of a well thought out test strategy developed early and maintained through the entire program lifecycle results in high operational field failures, increased test equipment and unit production costs, delays in unit integration, redundant manufacturing tests, and poor transition into production as well as an increase in program risks. This paper describes the concept of an evolving program test strategy and the role of a Test Architect to achieve the goal of reducing test costs across the entire program lifecycle. Defining a test strategy results in clearly structured test plan and architecture, optimized test event planning and comprehensive test artifacts early in the program lifecycle. As a Subject Matter Expert, the Test Architect sets and drives the test strategy ensuring an overall test program is optimized and aligned across three phases of development: User Operations, Development and Production. To achieve a robust test strategy, the Test Architect uses a Socratic approach to question why a test needs to be performed, increasing the likelihood of executing a successful development test program, facilitating a seamless transition into production and optimizing the support of the deployed product.","PeriodicalId":14477,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Systems Engineering","volume":"28 1","pages":"7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79022923","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-05-29DOI: 10.11648/J.IJSE.20200401.11
Abilio Tinoco Leon
Mangkubumi Yogyakarta area is not only a strategic area in the city of Yogyakarta, which lies on the axis of philosophy, forming the spatial structure of the city of Yogyakarta but also a compact area with building facilities that function as offices, education, trade/services, worship, and settlements. The discourse of developing the site has long been announced as a supporting area for Malioboro tourism, and Tugu station developed into TOD (Transit Oriented Development), among others. In 2019, the research, development research aiming to find an area model supporting the realization of the maximum mobility value was carried out in Mangkubumi area to measure mobility levels in the area, and the results of this study found that the rate of mobility and walkability was 76 and 79 respectively. The method used was a simulation of the Urban Modeling Interface (UMI) software to measure the value of mobility in regional models. The research step used area modeling, which was carried out in eight models. After the simulation, the best model with the highest mobility value was selected. The eight models were made based on the four road network patterns of Morlok’s idea (Grid, Spiral, Hexagonal, and Delta), each of which was designed to be two types, namely, type A and type B. Type A was a form of modeling by conducting interventions focused on residential building facilities, and type B was focused on all area building facilities. The finding of this research was that the best road network pattern was the Delta network pattern after intervening in all building facilities and after carrying out land use by placing residential building facilities at the center of the area and placing other building facilities on edge the area. This simulation resulted in a walkability score of 92 and bike-ability of 92. The score is the highest in the walk score ranking level. A value of 92 means that there are walker's paradise, daily business not requiring a car, and biker's paradise, daily affairs done by cycling.
{"title":"Framework for the Automation of Business Processes","authors":"Abilio Tinoco Leon","doi":"10.11648/J.IJSE.20200401.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJSE.20200401.11","url":null,"abstract":"Mangkubumi Yogyakarta area is not only a strategic area in the city of Yogyakarta, which lies on the axis of philosophy, forming the spatial structure of the city of Yogyakarta but also a compact area with building facilities that function as offices, education, trade/services, worship, and settlements. The discourse of developing the site has long been announced as a supporting area for Malioboro tourism, and Tugu station developed into TOD (Transit Oriented Development), among others. In 2019, the research, development research aiming to find an area model supporting the realization of the maximum mobility value was carried out in Mangkubumi area to measure mobility levels in the area, and the results of this study found that the rate of mobility and walkability was 76 and 79 respectively. The method used was a simulation of the Urban Modeling Interface (UMI) software to measure the value of mobility in regional models. The research step used area modeling, which was carried out in eight models. After the simulation, the best model with the highest mobility value was selected. The eight models were made based on the four road network patterns of Morlok’s idea (Grid, Spiral, Hexagonal, and Delta), each of which was designed to be two types, namely, type A and type B. Type A was a form of modeling by conducting interventions focused on residential building facilities, and type B was focused on all area building facilities. The finding of this research was that the best road network pattern was the Delta network pattern after intervening in all building facilities and after carrying out land use by placing residential building facilities at the center of the area and placing other building facilities on edge the area. This simulation resulted in a walkability score of 92 and bike-ability of 92. The score is the highest in the walk score ranking level. A value of 92 means that there are walker's paradise, daily business not requiring a car, and biker's paradise, daily affairs done by cycling.","PeriodicalId":14477,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Systems Engineering","volume":"36 1","pages":"1-7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76353021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-23DOI: 10.11648/J.IJSE.20190302.12
M. Aguilar
The objective of the study was the design of a floating greenhouse for growing edible plants in the sea. The elements necessary for growing plants in the sea a low cost would be a solar still for producing freshwater and a pot or container for plant support and breeding. To perform the functions of solar still plastic bottles for packaging olive oil were used. With this plastic bottle as top and a Trap for Wasps made of plastic or a metallic Mold to make baked biscuits as base it was possible to build a small solar greenhouse and use seawater to grow some man edible plants such as spinach (Spinacia oleracea L. ) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) The floating greenhouse bottle can be used for growing plants in lakes or freshwater marshes as well as in salt lakes or in the sea. It would have application for cultivation of edible and industrial crops, algae or biofuels, plants to reduce the greenhouse effect, as a system for the recycling of plastic bottles and to reduce the cost of freshwater needed for Agriculture. By not producing waste is considered an ecological and cheap system to produce some food without spending energy because it uses seawater and solar heat.
{"title":"Recycling Plastics to Crop Vegetables in Seawater: 1- The Floating Greenhouse Bottle","authors":"M. Aguilar","doi":"10.11648/J.IJSE.20190302.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJSE.20190302.12","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of the study was the design of a floating greenhouse for growing edible plants in the sea. The elements necessary for growing plants in the sea a low cost would be a solar still for producing freshwater and a pot or container for plant support and breeding. To perform the functions of solar still plastic bottles for packaging olive oil were used. With this plastic bottle as top and a Trap for Wasps made of plastic or a metallic Mold to make baked biscuits as base it was possible to build a small solar greenhouse and use seawater to grow some man edible plants such as spinach (Spinacia oleracea L. ) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) The floating greenhouse bottle can be used for growing plants in lakes or freshwater marshes as well as in salt lakes or in the sea. It would have application for cultivation of edible and industrial crops, algae or biofuels, plants to reduce the greenhouse effect, as a system for the recycling of plastic bottles and to reduce the cost of freshwater needed for Agriculture. By not producing waste is considered an ecological and cheap system to produce some food without spending energy because it uses seawater and solar heat.","PeriodicalId":14477,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Systems Engineering","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74380929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-12-16DOI: 10.11648/J.IJSE.20190302.11
Irene Samanta
The aim of this research is to investigate Customer Relation Marketing characteristics in Business to Business Relations that are developed between suppliers and clients taking into account parameters of Information Technology that have been created to enhance CRM in recent years. The continuous development of Information technologies and its interaction with marketing are a resource to create value for the customer. The research was conducted in 73 Greek companies using cross-tab analysis to investigate the possible relation of IT use and CRM adoption in B2B firms. CRM software in companies activities have a significant importance to improve the competitive advantage by understanding better customer needs. Fifty percent of worldwide projects on CRM systems are failing because marketing managers and CEO have the belief that CRM will solve all their company problems. CRM is not only used as a marketing and business tool but a complex combination tool that is applied in various business areas. CRM system aims to the creation of mutual satisfactory long term relationships between buyers and purchasers. The findings reveal that firms apply traditionally CRM processes such as sales and customer service even if they are aware of using Information Technologies in order to interact with clients.
{"title":"Examining CRM and ECRM Adoption by Greek Firms","authors":"Irene Samanta","doi":"10.11648/J.IJSE.20190302.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJSE.20190302.11","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this research is to investigate Customer Relation Marketing characteristics in Business to Business Relations that are developed between suppliers and clients taking into account parameters of Information Technology that have been created to enhance CRM in recent years. The continuous development of Information technologies and its interaction with marketing are a resource to create value for the customer. The research was conducted in 73 Greek companies using cross-tab analysis to investigate the possible relation of IT use and CRM adoption in B2B firms. CRM software in companies activities have a significant importance to improve the competitive advantage by understanding better customer needs. Fifty percent of worldwide projects on CRM systems are failing because marketing managers and CEO have the belief that CRM will solve all their company problems. CRM is not only used as a marketing and business tool but a complex combination tool that is applied in various business areas. CRM system aims to the creation of mutual satisfactory long term relationships between buyers and purchasers. The findings reveal that firms apply traditionally CRM processes such as sales and customer service even if they are aware of using Information Technologies in order to interact with clients.","PeriodicalId":14477,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Systems Engineering","volume":"7 1","pages":"17"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75121132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-28DOI: 10.11648/j.ijse.20190301.12
I. Okafor
Linear Fresnel solar collector is a focusing concentrator suitable for direct steam generation, industrial process heat, and solar space cooling system and hot water generation for different uses. The optical design and performance simulations, experimental and numerical studies on linear Fresnel solar collector were reviewed. Studies on the optical designs and ray-tracing simulations results indicated non-uniform solar flux distributions on the receiver absorber surface. The optical quality of LFC is low due to its higher incidence angle and the cosine factor. Studies on optimizing the optical errors that affects the optical performance of the LFC are lacking in the literature. Ray tracing results at 0o incidence angle indicated three different optical losses-geometric configuration, material properties and focus errors losses. Studies on the lateral drift and uncertainty of the direction of the reflected rays, which adversely affect the concentration factor of the LFC are lacking in the literature. The optical performance of a LFC system can be improved through an optimized optical design - mirrors separation, shapes, width and their orientation.
{"title":"Optical Design and Performance Analysis of Linear Focusing Solar Thermal Collectors","authors":"I. Okafor","doi":"10.11648/j.ijse.20190301.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijse.20190301.12","url":null,"abstract":"Linear Fresnel solar collector is a focusing concentrator suitable for direct steam generation, industrial process heat, and solar space cooling system and hot water generation for different uses. The optical design and performance simulations, experimental and numerical studies on linear Fresnel solar collector were reviewed. Studies on the optical designs and ray-tracing simulations results indicated non-uniform solar flux distributions on the receiver absorber surface. The optical quality of LFC is low due to its higher incidence angle and the cosine factor. Studies on optimizing the optical errors that affects the optical performance of the LFC are lacking in the literature. Ray tracing results at 0o incidence angle indicated three different optical losses-geometric configuration, material properties and focus errors losses. Studies on the lateral drift and uncertainty of the direction of the reflected rays, which adversely affect the concentration factor of the LFC are lacking in the literature. The optical performance of a LFC system can be improved through an optimized optical design - mirrors separation, shapes, width and their orientation.","PeriodicalId":14477,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Systems Engineering","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84603647","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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