Pub Date : 2020-04-10DOI: 10.18869/ACADPUB.IJRR.18.2.333
S. Zarei, S. Tajbakhsh, M. Taheri, H. Mozdarani, A. Jafarzadeh, F. Nouri, S. Nematollahi, S. Dobaradaran, S. Mortazavi
Background: The question of whether low levels of non-ionizing radiations such as the radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) can induce the same positive immune responses remains unanswered. This study aimed to investigate the effects of non-ionizing RF-EMF on some parameters of the immune system in an animal model following infection with Salmonella Typhimurium and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Materials and Methods: Male BALB/c mice were exposed to RF-EMFs generated by a common GSM mobile phone for 3 days. Animals were infected with K. pneumonia or S. Typhimurium on the 4 day. On the7 day after injection, blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture. The specific antibodies against bacteria were determined by agglutination method and serum levels of the cytokines were measured using the ELISA method. Moreover, the leukocytes count was measured using a cell counter. Results: The levels of specific antibodies against bacteria were higher in non-irradiated mice compared to irradiated mice. There were no significant differences between the irradiated and non-irradiated mice regarding the total blood leukocyte count. The mean serum levels of IFN-γ and IL-17 after infection with K. pneumoniae were significantly higher in the irradiated mice (p<0.001). Conclusions: Low levels of RF-EMF can stimulate the immune responses in the mice pre-exposed to RF-EMF. This study provides further evidence supporting that exposure to certain levels of RF-EMF can stimulate the immune system. These adaptive responses may be applied to cope with the increased susceptibility of the astronauts to infections during a deep space mission.
{"title":"A pre-exposure to RF-EMF can enhance the immune responses of mice following Salmonella Typhimurium and Klebsiella pneumoniae infections","authors":"S. Zarei, S. Tajbakhsh, M. Taheri, H. Mozdarani, A. Jafarzadeh, F. Nouri, S. Nematollahi, S. Dobaradaran, S. Mortazavi","doi":"10.18869/ACADPUB.IJRR.18.2.333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18869/ACADPUB.IJRR.18.2.333","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The question of whether low levels of non-ionizing radiations such as the radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (RF-EMF) can induce the same positive immune responses remains unanswered. This study aimed to investigate the effects of non-ionizing RF-EMF on some parameters of the immune system in an animal model following infection with Salmonella Typhimurium and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Materials and Methods: Male BALB/c mice were exposed to RF-EMFs generated by a common GSM mobile phone for 3 days. Animals were infected with K. pneumonia or S. Typhimurium on the 4 day. On the7 day after injection, blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture. The specific antibodies against bacteria were determined by agglutination method and serum levels of the cytokines were measured using the ELISA method. Moreover, the leukocytes count was measured using a cell counter. Results: The levels of specific antibodies against bacteria were higher in non-irradiated mice compared to irradiated mice. There were no significant differences between the irradiated and non-irradiated mice regarding the total blood leukocyte count. The mean serum levels of IFN-γ and IL-17 after infection with K. pneumoniae were significantly higher in the irradiated mice (p<0.001). Conclusions: Low levels of RF-EMF can stimulate the immune responses in the mice pre-exposed to RF-EMF. This study provides further evidence supporting that exposure to certain levels of RF-EMF can stimulate the immune system. These adaptive responses may be applied to cope with the increased susceptibility of the astronauts to infections during a deep space mission.","PeriodicalId":14498,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Radiation Research","volume":"7 3","pages":"333-342"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41256045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-10DOI: 10.18869/ACADPUB.IJRR.18.2.295
W. Shao, Xiaobin Tang, C. Geng, Diyun Shu, Chunhui Gong, Xudong Zhang, F. Guan
Background: Dose modulation is a key factor in practical proton therapy. This study investigates the dose modulation methodology of irregular radiation field (IRF)-based proton therapy using forward radiation treatment planning and conformal dose layer stacking (CDLS) methods. Materials and Methods: The geometric configuration of a virtual multi-leaf system was constructed to generate IRFs during Monte Carlo simulations. Two patient geometries— lymphatic metastasis and brain tumors—were configured to investigate the dosimetric feasibility and applications of IRF-based proton therapy in ideal patient anatomies. The investigated tumors were divided into slices perpendicular to proton beam axis. Segments were designed to be conformal to the profiles of these tumor slices. Conformal dose layers were produced by modulating the proton intensities and energies of the predesigned segments. Then, these dose layers were stacked throughout the tumors to obtain sufficient and conformal tumor doses. Results: From the proposed IRF-based proton therapy, tumors with 4-7 cm extents along the depth direction could be treated with fewer than 10 segments. The lymphatic metastasis and brain tumors were sufficiently covered by 95% dose lines, while appropriate distal and proximal dose conformities were achieved. The maximum tumor doses did not exceed 110%. Conclusions: Theoretically, the proposed IRF-based proton therapy using forward planning and CDLS methods is feasible from the viewpoint of dosimetry. This study can serve as a foundation for future investigations of potential proton therapy methods based on fast conformal dose layer stacking using radiation fields with irregular shapes.
{"title":"Investigation of irregular radiation field-based proton therapy using conformal dose layer stacking method","authors":"W. Shao, Xiaobin Tang, C. Geng, Diyun Shu, Chunhui Gong, Xudong Zhang, F. Guan","doi":"10.18869/ACADPUB.IJRR.18.2.295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18869/ACADPUB.IJRR.18.2.295","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Dose modulation is a key factor in practical proton therapy. This study investigates the dose modulation methodology of irregular radiation field (IRF)-based proton therapy using forward radiation treatment planning and conformal dose layer stacking (CDLS) methods. Materials and Methods: The geometric configuration of a virtual multi-leaf system was constructed to generate IRFs during Monte Carlo simulations. Two patient geometries— lymphatic metastasis and brain tumors—were configured to investigate the dosimetric feasibility and applications of IRF-based proton therapy in ideal patient anatomies. The investigated tumors were divided into slices perpendicular to proton beam axis. Segments were designed to be conformal to the profiles of these tumor slices. Conformal dose layers were produced by modulating the proton intensities and energies of the predesigned segments. Then, these dose layers were stacked throughout the tumors to obtain sufficient and conformal tumor doses. Results: From the proposed IRF-based proton therapy, tumors with 4-7 cm extents along the depth direction could be treated with fewer than 10 segments. The lymphatic metastasis and brain tumors were sufficiently covered by 95% dose lines, while appropriate distal and proximal dose conformities were achieved. The maximum tumor doses did not exceed 110%. Conclusions: Theoretically, the proposed IRF-based proton therapy using forward planning and CDLS methods is feasible from the viewpoint of dosimetry. This study can serve as a foundation for future investigations of potential proton therapy methods based on fast conformal dose layer stacking using radiation fields with irregular shapes.","PeriodicalId":14498,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Radiation Research","volume":"18 1","pages":"295-306"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43508787","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-10DOI: 10.18869/ACADPUB.IJRR.18.2.351
A. Ayodele, O. Ife-Adediran, A. M. Arogunjo
Background: The increasing health effects of nuclear radiation occasioned by enhanced human activities in the environment necessitated the need for constant evaluation and assessment of radiological impact on the general populace within a confined developmental area. Hence, Ten (10) drilled well water samples were collected from various cities distributed across Ondo and Ekiti states and analyzed for gamma-emitting radiations. Materials and Methods: The collected water samples were analyzed using n-type co-axial HPGe detector (Canberra Inc, USA), to determine the activity concentrations of the gamma emitting radiations, which was used with dose conversion factors to calculate the age dependent total annual effective dose equivalents to six different age groups and the committed effective dose for the age group >17y. Results: Activity concentrations ranged from 2.25±0.39 to 35.61±6.22 Bq lTh, 7.08±1.71 to 56.68±12.50 Bq lRa, 45.42±2.98 to 467.61±31.69 Bq lK and 1.66±0.46 to 25.55±5.76 Bq lTh, 4.90±1.08 to 54.18±13.34 Bq lRa, 41.50±2.89 to 558.82±31.69 Bq lK, respectively for Ondo and Ekiti States . Furthermore, the mean total annual effective dose equivalent for the age groups was found to be within the range of (2.81 ± 0.46 – 26.91 ± 5.11) mSv/y and (4.71 ± 0.92 – 23.58 ± 5.12) mSv/y respectively for Ondo and Ekiti states. Conclusion: This is above the 1.0 mSv y and 0.1mSv y respectively set by ICRP and WHO. Hence, the drilled wells are recommended for water screening to remove radionuclides.
背景：由于人类在环境中的活动增加，核辐射对健康的影响越来越大，因此有必要在有限的发展区域内不断评估和评估辐射对普通民众的影响。因此，从翁多州和埃基提州的各个城市收集了十（10）个钻井水样，并对其伽马辐射进行了分析。材料和方法：使用n型同轴HPGe探测器（Canberra Inc，USA）对采集的水样进行分析，以确定γ辐射的活性浓度，并使用剂量转换因子计算六个不同年龄组与年龄相关的年总有效剂量当量和>17岁年龄组的承诺有效剂量。结果：Ondo和Ekiti状态的活性浓度范围分别为2.25±0.39至35.61±6.22 Bq lTh、7.08±1.71至56.68±12.50 Bq lRa、45.42±2.98至467.61±31.69 Bq lK和1.66±0.46至25.55±5.76 Bq l Th、4.90±1.08至54.18±13.34 Bq l Ra、41.50±2.89至558.82±31.69 Bsq l K。此外，Ondo州和Ekiti州各年龄组的年平均总有效剂量当量分别在（2.81±0.46–26.91±5.11）mSv/y和（4.71±0.92–23.58±5.12）mSv/y范围内。结论：这高于ICRP和世界卫生组织分别设定的1.0mSvy和0.1mSvy。因此，建议对钻井进行水筛选，以去除放射性核素。
{"title":"Radioactivity level of drilled well water across selected cities in Ondo and Ekiti states, Southwestern Nigeria and its radiological implications","authors":"A. Ayodele, O. Ife-Adediran, A. M. Arogunjo","doi":"10.18869/ACADPUB.IJRR.18.2.351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18869/ACADPUB.IJRR.18.2.351","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The increasing health effects of nuclear radiation occasioned by enhanced human activities in the environment necessitated the need for constant evaluation and assessment of radiological impact on the general populace within a confined developmental area. Hence, Ten (10) drilled well water samples were collected from various cities distributed across Ondo and Ekiti states and analyzed for gamma-emitting radiations. Materials and Methods: The collected water samples were analyzed using n-type co-axial HPGe detector (Canberra Inc, USA), to determine the activity concentrations of the gamma emitting radiations, which was used with dose conversion factors to calculate the age dependent total annual effective dose equivalents to six different age groups and the committed effective dose for the age group >17y. Results: Activity concentrations ranged from 2.25±0.39 to 35.61±6.22 Bq lTh, 7.08±1.71 to 56.68±12.50 Bq lRa, 45.42±2.98 to 467.61±31.69 Bq lK and 1.66±0.46 to 25.55±5.76 Bq lTh, 4.90±1.08 to 54.18±13.34 Bq lRa, 41.50±2.89 to 558.82±31.69 Bq lK, respectively for Ondo and Ekiti States . Furthermore, the mean total annual effective dose equivalent for the age groups was found to be within the range of (2.81 ± 0.46 – 26.91 ± 5.11) mSv/y and (4.71 ± 0.92 – 23.58 ± 5.12) mSv/y respectively for Ondo and Ekiti states. Conclusion: This is above the 1.0 mSv y and 0.1mSv y respectively set by ICRP and WHO. Hence, the drilled wells are recommended for water screening to remove radionuclides.","PeriodicalId":14498,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Radiation Research","volume":"18 1","pages":"351-358"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48945261","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-10DOI: 10.18869/ACADPUB.IJRR.18.2.375
M. Toossi, H. Zare, S. Bayani, M. Hashemi, N. Mohamadian, Z. Eslami, S. Seyedi
Background: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is now widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal tract disorders. A large number of X-ray fluoroscopy and digital radiographs make ERCP as an interventional radiological procedure. In this study, patients' and examiner's entrance skin doses (ESDs) were measured during diagnosis and treatment procedures and patients' effective dose (ED) were calculated. Materials and Methods: Thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) and dose area product meter (DAP) were used to measure ESDs of 30 patients and examiner and calculate patients' ED. Besides, to assess the effectiveness of an extra lead shield in decreasing examiner's ESDs, a lead cover was wrapped around the Xray tube. The data were analyzed with IBM SPSS Statistics version 16 software. Results: The mean DAP and fluoroscopy time (FT) of the diagnostic procedure were 4.09 Gy.cm and 32.4 s while those of the therapeutic procedure were 7.60 Gy.cm and 76.2 s. The strong linear correlation between DAP and FT was observed for the therapeutic procedures but the diagnostic ones. The patients' mean EDs of diagnostic procedure (1.21±0.52 mSv) and therapeutic one (2.25±1.72 mSv) were calculated. Moreover, the shielding cover around the X-ray tube decreased ESDs of the organs of interest except gonads. Conclusions: The results reveal that therapeutic ERCP procedure imposes a greater radiation dose compared to diagnostic ERCP one. However, the doses of the patient and the examiner depend highly on examiner's experience, technical skills and knowledge in radiation protection. The results suggest that attempts to reduce radiation doses should be made.
{"title":"Radiation exposure to patients and examiners during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography procedures","authors":"M. Toossi, H. Zare, S. Bayani, M. Hashemi, N. Mohamadian, Z. Eslami, S. Seyedi","doi":"10.18869/ACADPUB.IJRR.18.2.375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18869/ACADPUB.IJRR.18.2.375","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is now widely used in the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal tract disorders. A large number of X-ray fluoroscopy and digital radiographs make ERCP as an interventional radiological procedure. In this study, patients' and examiner's entrance skin doses (ESDs) were measured during diagnosis and treatment procedures and patients' effective dose (ED) were calculated. Materials and Methods: Thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) and dose area product meter (DAP) were used to measure ESDs of 30 patients and examiner and calculate patients' ED. Besides, to assess the effectiveness of an extra lead shield in decreasing examiner's ESDs, a lead cover was wrapped around the Xray tube. The data were analyzed with IBM SPSS Statistics version 16 software. Results: The mean DAP and fluoroscopy time (FT) of the diagnostic procedure were 4.09 Gy.cm and 32.4 s while those of the therapeutic procedure were 7.60 Gy.cm and 76.2 s. The strong linear correlation between DAP and FT was observed for the therapeutic procedures but the diagnostic ones. The patients' mean EDs of diagnostic procedure (1.21±0.52 mSv) and therapeutic one (2.25±1.72 mSv) were calculated. Moreover, the shielding cover around the X-ray tube decreased ESDs of the organs of interest except gonads. Conclusions: The results reveal that therapeutic ERCP procedure imposes a greater radiation dose compared to diagnostic ERCP one. However, the doses of the patient and the examiner depend highly on examiner's experience, technical skills and knowledge in radiation protection. The results suggest that attempts to reduce radiation doses should be made.","PeriodicalId":14498,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Radiation Research","volume":"18 1","pages":"375-380"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49502231","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-10DOI: 10.18869/ACADPUB.IJRR.18.2.307
A. Zeghari, R. Saaidi, R. Moursli
Background: Several investigations reported the dosimetric properties of flattening filter free photon beams to enhance the entrance dose in the surface and build up region. This paper was aimed to investigate the effect of the flattening filter free to enhance the dose at the surface and buildup region. Materials and Methods: A 12 MV photon beam of a linear accelerator was modeled and developed in both flattening filter and flattening filter free modes using the Monte Carlo BEAMnrc code. For both modes, the beam dosimetric features, including central axis absorbed doses and photon energy spectra were investigated. Results: A remarkable increase in the dose rate on the surface and build up region were attained with the flattening filter free mode. At the depth of 0 mm on 2×2 cm, 4×4 cm, 5 × 5 cm, and 10×10 cm field sizes, the surface doses between flattening filter mode and flattening filter free mode were augmented from 27.33% to 33.78%, from 28.89% to 35.75%, from 29.44% to 36.39%, and finally from 35.10% to 47.46%, respectively. At the depth of 25 mm for field size from 2×2 cm to 10×10 cm, the buildup doses for flattening filter mode and flattening filter free mode were augmented from 124.89% to 136.72% and from 132.21% to 142.67%, respectively. Conclusion: A significant increase in the entrance and buildup dose rate was observed when using an unflattened photon beam, which can be a benefit for the treatment of some skin cancers.
{"title":"Monte Carlo study of a free flattening filter to increase surface dose on 12 MV photon beam","authors":"A. Zeghari, R. Saaidi, R. Moursli","doi":"10.18869/ACADPUB.IJRR.18.2.307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18869/ACADPUB.IJRR.18.2.307","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Several investigations reported the dosimetric properties of flattening filter free photon beams to enhance the entrance dose in the surface and build up region. This paper was aimed to investigate the effect of the flattening filter free to enhance the dose at the surface and buildup region. Materials and Methods: A 12 MV photon beam of a linear accelerator was modeled and developed in both flattening filter and flattening filter free modes using the Monte Carlo BEAMnrc code. For both modes, the beam dosimetric features, including central axis absorbed doses and photon energy spectra were investigated. Results: A remarkable increase in the dose rate on the surface and build up region were attained with the flattening filter free mode. At the depth of 0 mm on 2×2 cm, 4×4 cm, 5 × 5 cm, and 10×10 cm field sizes, the surface doses between flattening filter mode and flattening filter free mode were augmented from 27.33% to 33.78%, from 28.89% to 35.75%, from 29.44% to 36.39%, and finally from 35.10% to 47.46%, respectively. At the depth of 25 mm for field size from 2×2 cm to 10×10 cm, the buildup doses for flattening filter mode and flattening filter free mode were augmented from 124.89% to 136.72% and from 132.21% to 142.67%, respectively. Conclusion: A significant increase in the entrance and buildup dose rate was observed when using an unflattened photon beam, which can be a benefit for the treatment of some skin cancers.","PeriodicalId":14498,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Radiation Research","volume":"18 1","pages":"307-313"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49639124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-10DOI: 10.18869/ACADPUB.IJRR.18.2.323
A. Garibov, A. Mikayilova, F. Humbatov, M. R. Ghahramani, J. A. Nagiyev
Background: In this proposed work, the products of U radioactive decomposition: Ra, which has a comparatively great decomposition period and Ra intermediate product of Th were examined, which were more prevalent in water samples of the territories investigated. Natural radionuclides are usually observed more in artesian well waters than in river and canal waters, and less in comparison with groundwater. Materials and Methods: For studying the concentration of radionuclides in drinking and agricultural water, samples were collected from Kura River, Yukhari Garabakh and Yukhari Shirvan channels and from artesian wells in different regions. For measurement of radioactivity, gamma spectrometer with high-sensitivity Ge-detector was used, controlled by the software Genie 2000 (manufactured by CANBERRA firm). Results: The obtained results for well waters showed high activity concentrations; the total effective doses for all radionuclides were 2.54, 4.27, and 0.66 mSv for infants, children, and adults, respectively. Conclusion: From these results, it can be concluded that the investigated water is not acceptable for life-long human consumption.
{"title":"Radioecological research of some water resources in central region of Azerbaijan","authors":"A. Garibov, A. Mikayilova, F. Humbatov, M. R. Ghahramani, J. A. Nagiyev","doi":"10.18869/ACADPUB.IJRR.18.2.323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18869/ACADPUB.IJRR.18.2.323","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In this proposed work, the products of U radioactive decomposition: Ra, which has a comparatively great decomposition period and Ra intermediate product of Th were examined, which were more prevalent in water samples of the territories investigated. Natural radionuclides are usually observed more in artesian well waters than in river and canal waters, and less in comparison with groundwater. Materials and Methods: For studying the concentration of radionuclides in drinking and agricultural water, samples were collected from Kura River, Yukhari Garabakh and Yukhari Shirvan channels and from artesian wells in different regions. For measurement of radioactivity, gamma spectrometer with high-sensitivity Ge-detector was used, controlled by the software Genie 2000 (manufactured by CANBERRA firm). Results: The obtained results for well waters showed high activity concentrations; the total effective doses for all radionuclides were 2.54, 4.27, and 0.66 mSv for infants, children, and adults, respectively. Conclusion: From these results, it can be concluded that the investigated water is not acceptable for life-long human consumption.","PeriodicalId":14498,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Radiation Research","volume":"18 1","pages":"323-331"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46486289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-10DOI: 10.18869/ACADPUB.IJRR.18.2.255
S. Mahdavi, Leila Khalafi, A. Nikoofar, P. Fadavi, F. Kalateh, T. Aryafar, H. Foudazi, B. Mofid, G. Sharifi, S. Shivaliloo, H. Abdollahi
Background: Hyperthermia plays a significant role in the chemo-radiotherapy effect in different malignancies. In this research, we treated Glioblastoma multiform (GBM) patients with hyperthermia (HT) along with the chemoradiation, in order to evaluate HT efficacy in terms of tumor volume changes, survival time, and probability. Materials and Methods: Thirty-eight GBM patients were distributed into two groups identified as chemoradiation (CRT), and also CRT plus HT (CRHT). The Karnofsky Performance Status Scale (KPS) was done before, immediately and three months after treatments. Capacitive hyperthermia device was used at frequency of 13.56 MHz (Celsius 42+ GmbH, Germany) for HT one hour before the radiotherapy for 10-12 sessions. Patients in both groups underwent MR imaging (1.5 Tesla) before, 3 and 6 months after the treatments. Thermal enhancement factors (TEF) were attained in terms of clinical target volume changes, TEF(CTV), and survival probability (SP) or TEF(SP). Results: Age ranges were from 27-73 years (Mean=50) and 27-65 years (Mean=50) for CRT and CRHT groups, respectively. For 53% and 47% of cases biopsy and partial resection were accomplished in both groups, respectively. Means and standard deviations of tumor volumes were 135.42±92.5 and 58.4±104.1cm before treatment in CRT and CRHT groups, respectively, with no significant difference (P= 0.2). TEF(CTV) value was attained to be as 1.54 and 1.70 for three and six months after treatments, respectively, TEF(SP) was also equal to the 1.90. Conclusion: HT enhanced the chemoradiation effects throughout the patient survival probability and KPS. TEF may reflect the hyperthermia efficacy for a given radiation dose.
{"title":"Thermal enhancement effect on chemo-radiation of glioblastoma multiform","authors":"S. Mahdavi, Leila Khalafi, A. Nikoofar, P. Fadavi, F. Kalateh, T. Aryafar, H. Foudazi, B. Mofid, G. Sharifi, S. Shivaliloo, H. Abdollahi","doi":"10.18869/ACADPUB.IJRR.18.2.255","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18869/ACADPUB.IJRR.18.2.255","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Hyperthermia plays a significant role in the chemo-radiotherapy effect in different malignancies. In this research, we treated Glioblastoma multiform (GBM) patients with hyperthermia (HT) along with the chemoradiation, in order to evaluate HT efficacy in terms of tumor volume changes, survival time, and probability. Materials and Methods: Thirty-eight GBM patients were distributed into two groups identified as chemoradiation (CRT), and also CRT plus HT (CRHT). The Karnofsky Performance Status Scale (KPS) was done before, immediately and three months after treatments. Capacitive hyperthermia device was used at frequency of 13.56 MHz (Celsius 42+ GmbH, Germany) for HT one hour before the radiotherapy for 10-12 sessions. Patients in both groups underwent MR imaging (1.5 Tesla) before, 3 and 6 months after the treatments. Thermal enhancement factors (TEF) were attained in terms of clinical target volume changes, TEF(CTV), and survival probability (SP) or TEF(SP). Results: Age ranges were from 27-73 years (Mean=50) and 27-65 years (Mean=50) for CRT and CRHT groups, respectively. For 53% and 47% of cases biopsy and partial resection were accomplished in both groups, respectively. Means and standard deviations of tumor volumes were 135.42±92.5 and 58.4±104.1cm before treatment in CRT and CRHT groups, respectively, with no significant difference (P= 0.2). TEF(CTV) value was attained to be as 1.54 and 1.70 for three and six months after treatments, respectively, TEF(SP) was also equal to the 1.90. Conclusion: HT enhanced the chemoradiation effects throughout the patient survival probability and KPS. TEF may reflect the hyperthermia efficacy for a given radiation dose.","PeriodicalId":14498,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Radiation Research","volume":"18 1","pages":"255-262"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43243262","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-10DOI: 10.18869/ACADPUB.IJRR.18.2.227
S. Khaled, A. M. Khaled, R. Shaban, A. Baset
Background: Radon is one of the most important radionuclides, formed from the decay of the element radium and more soluble in water. As drinking water is a vital source of life, control of its quality is critical. Drinking water containing high radon levels presents a serious risk to human health. Thus awareness of radon levels in drinking water is extremely significant to protect against radiation exposure. We measured Rn concentrations in different types of drinking water from Qena city, Egypt. Materials and Methods: 111 water samples were collected from various sources in Qena city (77 samples of household tap water, 14 samples of bottled water and 20 samples from municipal public water supply locations). The Rn concentrations were determined using an AlphaGUARD radon gas analyzer. We calculated annual effective dose due to ingestion and inhalation of Rn present in these waters. Results: Rn concentration ranges were as follow: 22.0±0.7 to 118±3 mBq l, from tap water 14±3 to 237±5 mBq l from bottled water and 6.0±0.5 to 30.0±0.9 mBq l from municipal public supplies. The annual effective dose due to inhalation and ingestion of Rn in all types of drinking water measures less than the recommended reference level of 100 μSv y. Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, Rn concentrations in the studied water samples were less than the permitted concentrations of USEPA and WHO guidelines.
{"title":"Measurement of 222-Rn concentration levels in drinking water samples from Qena city (Egypt) and evaluation of the annual effective doses","authors":"S. Khaled, A. M. Khaled, R. Shaban, A. Baset","doi":"10.18869/ACADPUB.IJRR.18.2.227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18869/ACADPUB.IJRR.18.2.227","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Radon is one of the most important radionuclides, formed from the decay of the element radium and more soluble in water. As drinking water is a vital source of life, control of its quality is critical. Drinking water containing high radon levels presents a serious risk to human health. Thus awareness of radon levels in drinking water is extremely significant to protect against radiation exposure. We measured Rn concentrations in different types of drinking water from Qena city, Egypt. Materials and Methods: 111 water samples were collected from various sources in Qena city (77 samples of household tap water, 14 samples of bottled water and 20 samples from municipal public water supply locations). The Rn concentrations were determined using an AlphaGUARD radon gas analyzer. We calculated annual effective dose due to ingestion and inhalation of Rn present in these waters. Results: Rn concentration ranges were as follow: 22.0±0.7 to 118±3 mBq l, from tap water 14±3 to 237±5 mBq l from bottled water and 6.0±0.5 to 30.0±0.9 mBq l from municipal public supplies. The annual effective dose due to inhalation and ingestion of Rn in all types of drinking water measures less than the recommended reference level of 100 μSv y. Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, Rn concentrations in the studied water samples were less than the permitted concentrations of USEPA and WHO guidelines.","PeriodicalId":14498,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Radiation Research","volume":"18 1","pages":"227-233"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42064226","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-10DOI: 10.18869/ACADPUB.IJRR.18.2.219
M. Mohammadi, A. Haghparast, N. Rostampour, Razieh Zaghian, M. Zarsav
Background: Small field dosimetric challenges lead to a deviation from the reference dosimetry. The aim of this study is to investigate the changes of polarization (kpol) and ion recombination (ks) correction factors and determination of leakage dose in small fields. Materials and Methods: All values were measured on a RW3 slab phantom, at 100 cm Source-to-Surface Distance, 10 cm depth and 6, 10 and 18 MV photon beams for square fields (0.5 to 10 cm). Three ionization chambers (PTW Pinpoint 31014 and 31015, Semiflex 31010) were hired. After the electrometer readout, the correction factors were computed according to the protocol No. 398 of International Atomic Energy Agency's Technical Report (IAEA TRS-398). Results: The kpol (min) and the kpol (max) value occurred in 0.5×0.5 cm 2 and 10×10 cm field size, respectively. Dosimeters with a larger sensitive volume showed greater kpol values. In all three dosimeters, an increasing trend detected in normalized dosimeter reading after working voltage. The level of leakage in all of the values and radiation conditions was at the level of a few Nano colons. Conclusion: The values of kpol and ks in the small fields were different from the reference field. The saturation voltage of the small field dosimeters was greater than the dosimeter working voltage. The leakage values of the dosimeter-electrometer combination in the present study were negligible for all radiation conditions. The correction factors should be considered due to the differences between small fields and reference dosimetric conditions.
{"title":"Assessment of polarization and ion recombination correction factors and leakage of small megavoltage photon beams","authors":"M. Mohammadi, A. Haghparast, N. Rostampour, Razieh Zaghian, M. Zarsav","doi":"10.18869/ACADPUB.IJRR.18.2.219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18869/ACADPUB.IJRR.18.2.219","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Small field dosimetric challenges lead to a deviation from the reference dosimetry. The aim of this study is to investigate the changes of polarization (kpol) and ion recombination (ks) correction factors and determination of leakage dose in small fields. Materials and Methods: All values were measured on a RW3 slab phantom, at 100 cm Source-to-Surface Distance, 10 cm depth and 6, 10 and 18 MV photon beams for square fields (0.5 to 10 cm). Three ionization chambers (PTW Pinpoint 31014 and 31015, Semiflex 31010) were hired. After the electrometer readout, the correction factors were computed according to the protocol No. 398 of International Atomic Energy Agency's Technical Report (IAEA TRS-398). Results: The kpol (min) and the kpol (max) value occurred in 0.5×0.5 cm 2 and 10×10 cm field size, respectively. Dosimeters with a larger sensitive volume showed greater kpol values. In all three dosimeters, an increasing trend detected in normalized dosimeter reading after working voltage. The level of leakage in all of the values and radiation conditions was at the level of a few Nano colons. Conclusion: The values of kpol and ks in the small fields were different from the reference field. The saturation voltage of the small field dosimeters was greater than the dosimeter working voltage. The leakage values of the dosimeter-electrometer combination in the present study were negligible for all radiation conditions. The correction factors should be considered due to the differences between small fields and reference dosimetric conditions.","PeriodicalId":14498,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Radiation Research","volume":"18 1","pages":"219-225"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45174381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-04-10DOI: 10.18869/ACADPUB.IJRR.18.2.283
J. Zhou, L. Tang, X. Zhang, J. Wang, L. Yang, San-Gang Wu
Background: To evaluate the radiosensitizing effect of co-targeting of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1) (AZD2461) and phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) (LY294002) in breast cancer 1, early onset gene (BRCA1)-mutated triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) treated in vitro. Materials and Methods: We established HCC1937-PARP1 cells by transfection. Cell proliferation, cell viability, cell cycle, and cell apoptosis were measured and analyzed. Western blotting and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assays were performed. Results: The cell viability of HCC1937 and HCC1937-PARP1 cells was significantly decreased under 5 Gy of irradiation. Cell apoptosis was remarkably increased by irradiation, whereas overexpression of PARP1 resulted in substantial resistance to the radiation-induced changes. Combined inhibition of PARP1 and PI3K enhanced radiation-induced apoptosis and significantly inhibited cell proliferation compared with single-agent treatment. The PI3K inhibitor induced changes in the cell cycle distribution, but the PARP1 inhibitor did not. The expression levels of LKB1, PHLPP and INPP4B increased after combined inhibition of PARP1 or PI3K compared with irradiation alone. Moreover, combined inhibition of PARP1 and PI3K resulted in increased expression of INPP4B when compared with that induced by single -agent treatment. Conclusion: Combined inhibition of PARP1 and PI3K might be an effective therapeutic strategy to enhance radiosensitivity in BRCA1mutated TNBC.
{"title":"Increasing radiosensitivity by the combined inhibition of PARP1 and PI3K in BRCA1-mutated triple negative breast cancer","authors":"J. Zhou, L. Tang, X. Zhang, J. Wang, L. Yang, San-Gang Wu","doi":"10.18869/ACADPUB.IJRR.18.2.283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18869/ACADPUB.IJRR.18.2.283","url":null,"abstract":"Background: To evaluate the radiosensitizing effect of co-targeting of poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP1) (AZD2461) and phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) (LY294002) in breast cancer 1, early onset gene (BRCA1)-mutated triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) treated in vitro. Materials and Methods: We established HCC1937-PARP1 cells by transfection. Cell proliferation, cell viability, cell cycle, and cell apoptosis were measured and analyzed. Western blotting and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction assays were performed. Results: The cell viability of HCC1937 and HCC1937-PARP1 cells was significantly decreased under 5 Gy of irradiation. Cell apoptosis was remarkably increased by irradiation, whereas overexpression of PARP1 resulted in substantial resistance to the radiation-induced changes. Combined inhibition of PARP1 and PI3K enhanced radiation-induced apoptosis and significantly inhibited cell proliferation compared with single-agent treatment. The PI3K inhibitor induced changes in the cell cycle distribution, but the PARP1 inhibitor did not. The expression levels of LKB1, PHLPP and INPP4B increased after combined inhibition of PARP1 or PI3K compared with irradiation alone. Moreover, combined inhibition of PARP1 and PI3K resulted in increased expression of INPP4B when compared with that induced by single -agent treatment. Conclusion: Combined inhibition of PARP1 and PI3K might be an effective therapeutic strategy to enhance radiosensitivity in BRCA1mutated TNBC.","PeriodicalId":14498,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Radiation Research","volume":"18 1","pages":"283-293"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48246697","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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