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Detection of Vancomycin Resistant Genes in Intrinsically Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria from the Gut Microbiota of Indonesian Individuals. 从印度尼西亚人的肠道微生物群中发现耐万古霉素细菌的基因
IF 2.4 Q1 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.30476/IJMS.2023.98767.3087
Arif Luqman, Jongkon Saising, Yulianto Ade Prasetya, Aparna Viswanathan Ammanath, Andini, Siti Nur Amala, Enny Zulaika, Nengah Dwianita Kuswytasari, Friedrich Goetz, Anjar Tri Wibowo

Background: Antibiotic resistance is a global public health concern that has been exacerbated by the overuse and misuse of antibiotics, leading to the emergence of resistant bacteria. The gut microbiota, often influenced by antibiotic usage, plays a crucial role in overall health. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence of antibiotic resistant genes in the gut microbiota of Indonesian coastal and highland populations, as well as to identify vancomycin-resistant bacteria and their resistant genes.

Methods: Stool samples were collected from 22 individuals residing in Pacet, Mojokerto, and Kenjeran, Surabaya Indonesia in 2022. The read count of antibiotic resistant genes was analyzed in the collected samples, and the bacterium concentration was counted by plating on the antibiotic-containing agar plate. Vancomycin-resistant strains were further isolated, and the presence of vancomycin-resistant genes was detected using a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Results: The antibiotic resistant genes for tetracycline, aminoglycosides, macrolides, beta-lactams, and vancomycin were found in high frequency in all stool samples (100%) of the gut microbiota. Meanwhile, those meant for chloramphenicol and sulfonamides were found in 86% and 16% of the samples, respectively. Notably, vancomycin-resistant genes were found in 16 intrinsically resistant Gram-negative bacterial strains. Among the detected vancomycin-resistant genes, vanG was the most prevalent (27.3%), while vanA was the least prevalent (4.5%).

Conclusion: The presence of multiple vancomycin resistance genes in intrinsically resistant Gram-negative bacterial strains demonstrated the importance of the gut microbiota as a reservoir and hub for the horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistant genes.

背景:抗生素耐药性是一个全球性的公共卫生问题,过度使用和滥用抗生素导致耐药菌的出现,从而加剧了这一问题。肠道微生物群常常受到抗生素使用的影响,对整体健康起着至关重要的作用。因此,本研究旨在调查印尼沿海和高原人群肠道微生物群中抗生素耐药基因的流行情况,并鉴定万古霉素耐药细菌及其耐药基因:方法:2022 年,研究人员从居住在印度尼西亚泗水市 Pacet、Mojokerto 和 Kenjeran 的 22 名居民中采集了粪便样本。对采集样本中抗生素耐药基因的读数进行分析,并通过将细菌培养在含抗生素的琼脂平板上对细菌浓度进行计数。进一步分离耐万古霉素菌株,并使用多重聚合酶链式反应(PCR)检测耐万古霉素基因的存在:结果:在所有粪便样本(100%)的肠道微生物群中,四环素类、氨基糖苷类、大环内酯类、β-内酰胺类和万古霉素的抗生素耐药基因出现频率较高。同时,在 86% 和 16% 的样本中分别发现了氯霉素和磺胺类药物。值得注意的是,在 16 种具有内在耐药性的革兰氏阴性菌株中发现了耐万古霉素基因。在检测到的万古霉素耐药基因中,vanG 的流行率最高(27.3%),而 vanA 的流行率最低(4.5%):结论:内在耐药性革兰氏阴性细菌菌株中存在多种万古霉素耐药基因,这表明肠道微生物群是抗生素耐药基因水平转移的重要贮库和枢纽。
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引用次数: 0
Human Papillomavirus-Associated Oral Epithelial Dysplasia: A Practical Approach to Make the Diagnosis: Letter to Editor. 人类乳头瘤病毒相关口腔上皮增生症:诊断的实用方法:致编辑的信。
IF 2.4 Q1 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.30476/IJMS.2024.101269.3394
Gargi Sarode, Sachin C Sarode
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引用次数: 0
A Comparison of the Effect of Kegel Exercises and Conventional Therapy versus Conventional Therapy Alone in the Treatment of Functional Constipation in Children: A Randomized Clinical Trial. 凯格尔运动和常规疗法与单纯常规疗法治疗儿童功能性便秘的效果比较:随机临床试验
IF 1.6 Q2 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.30476/IJMS.2023.98539.3055
Narges Ansari Chaharsoghi, Marzieh Davoodi, Hamid Reihani, Mobin Haghdel, Naser Honar, Naeimehossadat Asmarian, Mahmood Haghighat, Seyed Mohsen Dehghani, Iraj Shahramian, Maryam Ataollahi, Sara Salehi, Fateme Ziyaee, Mohammad Hadi Imanieh

Background: There have been few studies on the effect of Kegel exercises on the treatment of functional constipation in children. Hence, the present study investigated the add-on role of Kegel exercises in children with functional constipation.

Methods: This clinical trial was conducted on children with functional constipation, according to Rome IV, who were referred to the pediatric department of Imam Reza Clinic (Shiraz, Iran) in 2022. The sample consisted of 64 children who were randomly assigned to either the intervention or the control groups. In the control group, a pediatrician administered conventional therapy, including diet training, defecation training, and polyethylene glycol (PEG) syrup (0.7 g/Kg daily). In the treatment group, in addition to conventional therapy, a pediatrician taught Kegel exercises to the child both verbally and in writing in the presence of their parents. To investigate the effectiveness of the intervention, frequency of defecation, defecation time, assistance used for defecation, incomplete emptying, unsuccessful defecation, abdominal pain, and painful defecation were selected as the outcomes. Independent sample t test was used for continuous variables. Categorical variables were reported as frequency and percentages. To examine the difference in categorical outcome variables, Wilcoxon (pre and post), Chi square, and Fisher exact tests were used. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 21. P<0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results: Twenty-seven (88.4%) patients in the Kegel exercise group reported a defecation time of less than 5 min, while only 12 (37.5%) patients in the control group reached this time, and this difference was statistically significant (P=0.001). Moreover, patients in the treatment group showed significant improvements in terms of incomplete emptying of stool, unsuccessful defecation, abdominal pain, and painless defecation (P=0.001, P=0.001, P=0.001, P=0.037, respectively). After intervention, the use of laxatives, digits, or enemas to assist defecation was not significantly different between the groups (P=0.659).

Conclusion: Kegel exercise was an effective adjunctive treatment for pediatric functional constipation.Trial Registration Number: IRCT20230424057984N1.

背景:有关凯格尔运动治疗儿童功能性便秘效果的研究很少。因此,本研究调查了凯格尔运动在功能性便秘儿童中的附加作用:本临床试验的对象是 2022 年转诊到伊玛目礼萨诊所(伊朗设拉子)儿科的功能性便秘患儿(符合罗马IV标准)。样本由 64 名儿童组成,他们被随机分配到干预组或对照组。对照组由儿科医生进行常规治疗,包括饮食训练、排便训练和聚乙二醇(PEG)糖浆(每天每千克 0.7 克)。在治疗组中,除常规治疗外,儿科医生还在家长在场的情况下,以口头和书面形式向患儿教授凯格尔运动。为了研究干预措施的效果,研究人员选择了排便次数、排便时间、排便时使用的辅助工具、排空不完全、排便不成功、腹痛和排便疼痛作为研究结果。连续变量采用独立样本 t 检验。分类变量以频率和百分比表示。为了检验分类结果变量的差异,采用了 Wilcoxon(前后)、Chi square 和 Fisher exact 检验。数据使用 SPSS 软件 21 版进行分析。结果凯格尔运动组中有 27 名(88.4%)患者的排便时间少于 5 分钟,而对照组中只有 12 名(37.5%)患者达到了这一时间,这一差异具有统计学意义(P=0.001)。此外,治疗组患者在粪便排空不完全、排便不成功、腹痛和无痛排便方面均有明显改善(分别为 P=0.001、P=0.001、P=0.001、P=0.037)。干预后,使用泻药、数字或灌肠剂协助排便的组间差异不大(P=0.659):凯格尔运动是治疗小儿功能性便秘的有效辅助疗法。
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引用次数: 0
Anti-cytokine Storm Activity of Fraxin, Quercetin, and their Combination on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Cytokine Storm in Mice: Implications in COVID-19. 梣酮、槲皮素及其复方制剂对脂多糖诱导的小鼠细胞因子风暴的抗细胞因子风暴活性:COVID-19 的意义
IF 2.4 Q1 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.30476/ijms.2023.98947.3102
Nada Sahib Shaker, Hayder B Sahib, Nibras J Tahseen

Background: Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) is the leading cause of mortality in advanced stages of coronavirus patients. This study examined the prophylactic effects of fraxin, quercetin, and a combination of fraxin+quercetin (FQ) on lipopolysaccharide-induced mice.

Methods: Sixty mice were divided into six groups (n=10) as follows: control, LPS only, fraxin (120 mg/Kg), quercetin (100 mg/Kg), dexamethasone (5 mg/Kg), and FQ. All treatments were administered intraperitoneally (IP) one hour before induction by LPS (5 mg/Kg) IP injection. Twenty-four hours later, the mice were euthanized. Interleukin one beta (IL-1β), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were quantified using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and lung and kidney tissues were examined for histopathological alterations. This study was conducted at Al-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq, in 2022.

Results: FQ reduced IL-1β (P<0.001). All treatments significantly suppressed IL-6, fraxin, quercetin, dexamethasone, and FQ, all with P<0.001. The TNF-α level was reduced more with dexamethasone (P<0.001) and quercetin (P<0.001). Histopathological scores were significantly reduced mainly by quercetin and FQ in the lungs with scores of 12.30±0.20 (P=0.093), and 15.70±0.20 (P=0.531), respectively. The scores were 13±0.26 (P=0.074) and 15±0.26 (P=0.222) for quercetin and FQ in the kidneys, respectively.

Conclusion: All used treatments reduced proinflammatory cytokine levels and protected against LPS-induced tissue damage.

背景:细胞因子释放综合征(CRS细胞因子释放综合征(CRS)是冠状病毒晚期患者死亡的主要原因。本研究探讨了枸杞黄素、槲皮素和枸杞黄素+槲皮素组合(FQ)对脂多糖诱导的小鼠的预防作用:将60只小鼠分为以下6组(n=10):对照组、仅LPS组、氟辛(120毫克/千克)组、槲皮素(100毫克/千克)组、地塞米松(5毫克/千克)组和FQ组。所有治疗均在小鼠腹腔注射 LPS(5 毫克/千克)诱导前一小时进行。24 小时后,小鼠被安乐死。使用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)对白细胞介素一β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素六(IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)进行定量分析,并检查肺和肾组织的组织病理学改变。这项研究于 2022 年在伊拉克巴格达 Al-Nahrain 大学进行:结果:FQ 降低了 IL-1β (PC结论:所有使用的治疗方法都降低了促炎症反应:结果:FQ 降低了 IL-1β (PConclusion),所有使用的治疗方法都降低了促炎细胞因子水平,防止了 LPS 诱导的组织损伤。
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引用次数: 0
The Effect of Melatonin on Reducing the Frequency and Severity of Migraine Attacks: A Double-Blind, Randomized Clinical Trial. 褪黑素对降低偏头痛发作频率和严重程度的影响:双盲随机临床试验。
IF 1.6 Q2 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.30476/ijms.2023.97782.2965
Asieh Mehramiri, Davood Shalilahmadi, Seyed Ehsan Mohamadianinejad, Leila Kouti, Yazdan Hosseinpour

Background: There is no definite recommendation for melatonin supplementation in episodic migraine. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of melatonin on reducing the frequency and severity of migraine attacks.

Methods: This randomized, double-blind clinical trial was conducted at Golestan Hospital of Ahvaz, Iran, in 2021. A total of 60 patients with episodic migraine were randomly assigned into 2 groups of receiving 3 mg melatonin (intervention group; n=30) or the same dose of placebo (control group; n=30) along with baseline therapy (propranolol 20 mg, BID) for two months. The attack frequency, attack duration, attack severity (based on VAS), the number of analgesic intakes, drug complications, Migraine Disability Assessment score (MIDAS), and Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) were evaluated at baseline and in the first, second, third, and fourth months of follow-up. The independent t test, chi-square, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures were used to compare variables between the two groups.

Results: In both groups, the frequency, duration, and severity of attacks, taking analgesics, MIDAS, and PSQI scores during follow-up decreased significantly (P<0.001). After treatment, the mean frequency (P=0.032) and duration of attacks (P=0.001), taking analgesic (P<0.001), and MIDAS (P<0.001) and PSQI scores (P<0.001) in the melatonin group were lower than placebo. Only the attack severity was not significantly different between the two groups (P=0.126). Side effects were observed in two patients (6.7%) in the melatonin group and one patient (3.3%) in the placebo group (P>0.999).

Conclusion: Our study shows that melatonin was more efficacious than the placebo in the reduction of frequency and duration of migraine attacks. It was equally safe as the placebo and might be effective in the preventive treatment of episodic migraine in adults.Trial Registration Number: IRCT20190107042264N5.

背景:对于发作性偏头痛患者补充褪黑素,目前还没有明确的建议。本研究旨在评估褪黑激素对降低偏头痛发作频率和严重程度的效果:这项随机双盲临床试验于 2021 年在伊朗阿瓦士戈勒斯坦医院进行。共有 60 名发作性偏头痛患者被随机分配到两组,分别接受 3 毫克褪黑素(干预组;30 人)或相同剂量的安慰剂(对照组;30 人),同时接受为期两个月的基线治疗(普萘洛尔 20 毫克,每日两次)。在基线期和随访的第一、第二、第三和第四个月,对患者的发作频率、发作持续时间、发作严重程度(基于 VAS)、镇痛剂服用次数、药物并发症、偏头痛残疾评估评分(MIDAS)和匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)进行了评估。采用独立t检验、卡方检验和重复测量方差分析(ANOVA)来比较两组之间的变量:结果:两组患者在随访期间的发作频率、持续时间和严重程度、服用镇痛药、MIDAS 和 PSQI 评分均显著下降(P0.999):我们的研究表明,在减少偏头痛发作频率和持续时间方面,褪黑素比安慰剂更有效。试验登记号:IRCT20190107042264N5。
{"title":"The Effect of Melatonin on Reducing the Frequency and Severity of Migraine Attacks: A Double-Blind, Randomized Clinical Trial.","authors":"Asieh Mehramiri, Davood Shalilahmadi, Seyed Ehsan Mohamadianinejad, Leila Kouti, Yazdan Hosseinpour","doi":"10.30476/ijms.2023.97782.2965","DOIUrl":"10.30476/ijms.2023.97782.2965","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>There is no definite recommendation for melatonin supplementation in episodic migraine. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of melatonin on reducing the frequency and severity of migraine attacks.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This randomized, double-blind clinical trial was conducted at Golestan Hospital of Ahvaz, Iran, in 2021. A total of 60 patients with episodic migraine were randomly assigned into 2 groups of receiving 3 mg melatonin (intervention group; n=30) or the same dose of placebo (control group; n=30) along with baseline therapy (propranolol 20 mg, BID) for two months. The attack frequency, attack duration, attack severity (based on VAS), the number of analgesic intakes, drug complications, Migraine Disability Assessment score (MIDAS), and Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) were evaluated at baseline and in the first, second, third, and fourth months of follow-up. The independent <i>t</i> test, chi-square, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures were used to compare variables between the two groups.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In both groups, the frequency, duration, and severity of attacks, taking analgesics, MIDAS, and PSQI scores during follow-up decreased significantly (P<0.001). After treatment, the mean frequency (P=0.032) and duration of attacks (P=0.001), taking analgesic (P<0.001), and MIDAS (P<0.001) and PSQI scores (P<0.001) in the melatonin group were lower than placebo. Only the attack severity was not significantly different between the two groups (P=0.126). Side effects were observed in two patients (6.7%) in the melatonin group and one patient (3.3%) in the placebo group (P>0.999).</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Our study shows that melatonin was more efficacious than the placebo in the reduction of frequency and duration of migraine attacks. It was equally safe as the placebo and might be effective in the preventive treatment of episodic migraine in adults.<b>Trial Registration Number:</b> IRCT20190107042264N5.</p>","PeriodicalId":14510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11091273/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140944686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Lived Experience of Human T-cell Leukemia Virus type-1 -Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (HAM/TSP): A Phenomenology Study. 人类 T 细胞白血病病毒 1 型相关脊髓病/热带痉挛性瘫痪 (HAM/TSP) 的生活体验:现象学研究。
IF 2.4 Q1 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.30476/IJMS.2023.97867.2973
Malihe Davoudi, Reza Boostani, Zahra Sadat Manzari

Background: Human T-cell Leukemia Virus type-1 (HTLV-1) -associated myelopathy causes sufferers to experience changes in several aspects of their lives. Gaining a deeper understanding of these changes can help healthcare professionals improve care, enhance strategic decision-making, meet expectations, and manage patients effectively. However, there is no information about the experience and problems of patients with HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis in Iran. Therefore, this study aimed to explain the lived experience of patients with HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis.

Methods: This qualitative study used hermeneutic phenomenology in 2022 in Mashhad, Iran. Participants were selected using purposeful sampling. Data were collected through 21 semi-structured in-depth interviews with 20 eligible patients with HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis. The data were analyzed in MAXQDA/2020 using the six stages proposed by Van Manen.

Results: The main concept of "Reduced self-sufficiency and social dignity" emerged from the narratives of the patients, which included three main categories "Disruption of desirable personal and social life", "reduced perception of role competencies", and "obligatory unpleasant lifestyle changes".

Conclusion: HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis slowly makes patients feel insufficient and causes a sense of degradation in dignity. The disease can fundamentally change personal and social life. Thus, due to its incurability and progressiveness, palliative care should be provided to them to live with dignity.

背景:人类 T 细胞白血病病毒 1 型(HTLV-1)相关骨髓病会导致患者生活的多个方面发生变化。深入了解这些变化可以帮助医护人员改善护理、加强战略决策、满足期望并有效管理患者。然而,目前还没有关于伊朗 HTLV-1 相关脊髓病/热带痉挛性截瘫患者的经历和问题的信息。因此,本研究旨在解释 HTLV-1 相关脊髓病/典型痉挛性截瘫患者的生活经历:这项定性研究采用诠释现象学方法,于 2022 年在伊朗马什哈德进行。研究人员通过有目的的抽样进行筛选。通过对 20 名符合条件的 HTLV-1 相关脊髓病/典型痉挛性截瘫患者进行 21 次半结构式深度访谈收集数据。采用 Van Manen 提出的六个阶段,在 MAXQDA/2020 中对数据进行了分析:结果:从患者的叙述中得出了 "自给自足和社会尊严降低 "这一主要概念,其中包括 "理想的个人和社会生活被破坏"、"对角色能力的认知降低 "和 "强制性地改变不愉快的生活方式 "三大类:结论:HTLV-1 相关性脊髓病/典型痉挛性截瘫会让患者慢慢感到力不从心,产生尊严受损的感觉。这种疾病会从根本上改变个人和社会生活。因此,鉴于其不可治愈性和进展性,应为他们提供姑息治疗,让他们有尊严地生活。
{"title":"Lived Experience of Human T-cell Leukemia Virus type-1 -Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (HAM/TSP): A Phenomenology Study.","authors":"Malihe Davoudi, Reza Boostani, Zahra Sadat Manzari","doi":"10.30476/IJMS.2023.97867.2973","DOIUrl":"10.30476/IJMS.2023.97867.2973","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Human T-cell Leukemia Virus type-1 (HTLV-1) -associated myelopathy causes sufferers to experience changes in several aspects of their lives. Gaining a deeper understanding of these changes can help healthcare professionals improve care, enhance strategic decision-making, meet expectations, and manage patients effectively. However, there is no information about the experience and problems of patients with HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis in Iran. Therefore, this study aimed to explain the lived experience of patients with HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This qualitative study used hermeneutic phenomenology in 2022 in Mashhad, Iran. Participants were selected using purposeful sampling. Data were collected through 21 semi-structured in-depth interviews with 20 eligible patients with HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis. The data were analyzed in MAXQDA/2020 using the six stages proposed by Van Manen.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The main concept of \"Reduced self-sufficiency and social dignity\" emerged from the narratives of the patients, which included three main categories \"Disruption of desirable personal and social life\", \"reduced perception of role competencies\", and \"obligatory unpleasant lifestyle changes\".</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis slowly makes patients feel insufficient and causes a sense of degradation in dignity. The disease can fundamentally change personal and social life. Thus, due to its incurability and progressiveness, palliative care should be provided to them to live with dignity.</p>","PeriodicalId":14510,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11091271/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140944683","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Emergence of Linezolid-Resistant Staphylococcus Epidermidis in the COVID-19 Hospitalized Intubated Patients in North Khorasan, Iran. 伊朗北呼罗珊省 COVID-19 住院插管患者中出现耐利奈唑胺的表皮葡萄球菌
IF 2.4 Q1 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.30476/ijms.2024.99744.3214
Roya Sadidi, Hatef Ajoudanifar, Hamed Ghasem Zadeh-Moghadam, Amir Azimian

The present study aimed to investigate secondary bacterial infections among patients infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Coagulase-negative Staphylococci can infect immunocompromised patients. Linezolid resistance among Staphylococcus epidermidis is one of the most critical issues. In 2019, 185 SARS-CoV-2-positive patients who were admitted to North Khorasan Province Hospital (Bojnurd, Iran), were investigated. Patients having positive SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcriptase real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test results, who had a history of intubation, mechanical ventilation, and were hospitalized for more than 48 hours were included. After microbiological evaluation of pulmonary samples, taken from intubated patients with clinical manifestation of pneumonia, co-infections were found in 11/185 patients (5.94%) with S. epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Acinetobacter baumani, respectively. Remarkably, seven out of nine S. epidermidis isolates were linezolid resistant. Selected isolates were characterized using antimicrobial resistance patterns and molecular methods, such as Staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing, and gene detection for ica, methicillin resistance (mecA), vancomycin resistance (vanA), and chloramphenicol-florfenicol resistance (cfr) genes. All of the isolates were resistant to methicillin, and seven isolates were resistant to linezolid. Nine out of 11 isolated belonged to the SCCmec I, while two belonged to the SCCmec IV. It should be noted that all patients had the underlying disease, and six patients had already passed away. The increasing linezolid resistance in bacterial strains becomes a real threat to patients, and monitoring such infections, in conjunction with surveillance and infection prevention programs, is very critical for reducing the number of linezolid-resistant Staphylococcal strains. A preprint of this study was published at https://europepmc.org/article/ppr/ppr417742.

本研究旨在调查严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒-2(SARS-CoV-2)感染者的继发性细菌感染情况。凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌可感染免疫力低下的患者。表皮葡萄球菌对利奈唑胺的耐药性是最关键的问题之一。2019 年,研究人员对北呼罗珊省医院(伊朗博伊努尔德)收治的 185 名 SARS-CoV-2 阳性患者进行了调查。研究对象包括SARS-CoV-2逆转录酶实时聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测结果呈阳性、有插管史、机械通气史且住院时间超过48小时的患者。对有肺炎临床表现的插管患者的肺部样本进行微生物学评估后发现,11/185 例(5.94%)患者合并感染了表皮葡萄球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和鲍曼不动杆菌。值得注意的是,9 个表皮葡萄球菌分离株中有 7 个对利奈唑胺耐药。利用抗菌药耐药性模式和分子方法,如葡萄球菌盒式染色体mec(SCCmec)分型和ica、甲氧西林耐药性(mecA)、万古霉素耐药性(vanA)和氯霉素-甲氧苄啶耐药性(cfr)基因检测,对部分分离菌进行了鉴定。所有分离菌株都对甲氧西林耐药,7 个分离菌株对利奈唑胺耐药。11 个分离株中有 9 个属于 SCCmec I 型,2 个属于 SCCmec IV 型。值得注意的是,所有患者都患有基础疾病,其中 6 名患者已经去世。细菌菌株对利奈唑胺耐药性的不断增加对患者构成了真正的威胁,因此,结合监测和感染预防计划对此类感染进行监测,对于减少耐利奈唑胺葡萄球菌菌株的数量至关重要。本研究的预印本发表于 https://europepmc.org/article/ppr/ppr417742。
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引用次数: 0
Safety of RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase Inhibitors, Molnupiravir and VV116, for Oral Treatment of COVID-19: A Meta-Analysis. RNA依赖性RNA聚合酶抑制剂Molnupiravir和VV116口服治疗COVID-19的安全性:元分析。
IF 2.4 Q1 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2024-05-01 DOI: 10.30476/IJMS.2024.99837.3196
Zequn Zheng, Jiaozhi Zhou, Yongfei Song

Background: The RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) inhibitors, molnupiravir and VV116, have the potential to maximize clinical benefits in the oral treatment of COVID-19. Subjects who consume these drugs may experience an increased incidence of adverse events. This study aimed to evaluate the safety profile of molnupiravir and VV116.

Methods: A comprehensive search of scientific and medical databases, such as PubMed Central/Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library, was conducted to find relevant articles in English from January 2020 to June 2023. Any kind of adverse events reported in the study were pooled and analyzed in the drug group versus the control group. Estimates of risk effects were summarized through the random effects model using Review Manager version 5.2, and sensitivity analysis was performed by Stata 17.0 software.

Results: Fifteen studies involving 32,796 subjects were included. Eleven studies were placebo-controlled, and four were Paxlovid-controlled. Twelve studies reported adverse events for molnupiravir, and three studies described adverse events for VV116. The total odds ratio (OR) for adverse events in the RdRp inhibitor versus the placebo-controlled group was 1.01 (95% CI=0.84-1.22; I2=26%), P=0.88. The total OR for adverse events in the RdRp inhibitor versus the Paxlovid-controlled group was 0.32 (95% CI=0.16-0.65; I2=87%), P=0.002. Individual drug subgroup analysis in the placebo-controlled study showed that compared with the placebo group, a total OR for adverse events was 0.97 (95% CI, 0.85-1.10; I2=0%) in the molnupiravir group and 3.77 (95% CI=0.08-175.77; I2=85%) in the VV116 group.

Conclusion: The RdRp inhibitors molnupiravir and VV116 are safe for oral treatment of COVID-19. Further evidence is necessary that RdRp inhibitors have a higher safety profile than Paxlovid.

背景:RNA依赖性RNA聚合酶(RdRp)抑制剂、molnupiravir和VV116有可能在COVID-19的口服治疗中最大限度地提高临床疗效。服用这些药物的受试者可能会增加不良反应的发生率。本研究旨在评估molnupiravir和VV116的安全性:方法:对 PubMed Central/Medline、Embase、Web of Science 和 Cochrane Library 等科学和医学数据库进行了全面检索,以查找 2020 年 1 月至 2023 年 6 月期间的相关英文文章。研究中报告的任何类型的不良事件都被汇总起来,并在药物组与对照组中进行分析。使用Review Manager 5.2版通过随机效应模型对风险效应进行估计,并使用Stata 17.0软件进行敏感性分析:结果:共纳入 15 项研究,涉及 32796 名受试者。其中 11 项研究为安慰剂对照研究,4 项为 Paxlovid 对照研究。12项研究报告了莫仑吡韦的不良事件,3项研究描述了VV116的不良事件。RdRp抑制剂组与安慰剂对照组发生不良事件的总几率比(OR)为1.01(95% CI=0.84-1.22;I2=26%),P=0.88。RdRp抑制剂对照组与Paxlovid对照组的不良事件总OR值为0.32(95% CI=0.16-0.65;I2=87%),P=0.002。安慰剂对照研究中的单药亚组分析显示,与安慰剂组相比,molnupiravir组不良事件的总OR为0.97(95% CI,0.85-1.10;I2=0%),VV116组为3.77(95% CI=0.08-175.77;I2=85%):结论:RdRp抑制剂molnupiravir和VV116口服治疗COVID-19是安全的。结论:RdRp抑制剂molnupiravir和VV116用于口服治疗COVID-19是安全的。
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引用次数: 0
Cardioembolic Stroke in a Young Pregnant Patient of Rheumatic Heart Disease. 风湿性心脏病年轻孕妇的心栓塞性中风
IF 1.6 Q2 MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.30476/IJMS.2023.98672.3085
Dumini Soren, Sudipto Banerjee, Barun Ram, Amit Kumar, Pradip Kumar Bhattacharya, Ahsina Jahan Lopa
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引用次数: 0
Effect of Alpha-1 Antitrypsin and Irisin on Post-Exercise Inflammatory Response: A Narrative Review. 阿尔法-1 抗胰蛋白酶和鸢尾素对运动后炎症反应的影响:叙述性综述。
IF 1.6 Q1 Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics Pub Date : 2024-04-01 DOI: 10.30476/IJMS.2023.97480.2925
Marta Pawłowska, Celestyna Mila-Kierzenkowska

Physical activity has a positive effect on human health and emotional well-being. However, in both amateur and professional athletes, training poses a risk of acute or chronic injury through repetitive overloading of bones, joints, and muscles. Inflammation can be an adverse effect of intense exercise caused by several factors including oxidative stress. The present narrative review summarizes current knowledge on inflammatory markers induced by physical exercise. Post-exercise recovery may reduce inflammatory responses and is key to effective training and adaptation of muscle tissues to sustained physical exertion.

体育锻炼对人类的健康和情感幸福有着积极的影响。然而,无论是业余运动员还是专业运动员,训练都会对骨骼、关节和肌肉造成重复性超负荷,从而带来急性或慢性损伤的风险。包括氧化应激在内的多种因素可能会导致炎症,这也是剧烈运动的不良影响之一。本综述总结了目前有关体育锻炼诱发炎症标志物的知识。运动后恢复可减少炎症反应,是有效训练和肌肉组织适应持续体力消耗的关键。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Iranian Journal of Medical Sciences
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