Investigative urology最新文献

The light microscopic characteristics of the dorsal, lateral, and medial prostatic lobes were identified and described in an autopsy and an operative series of 73 and 21 males respectively. Ordinary histologic sections from anatomically defined prostatic lobes and gigant sections through the whole prostate were examined. Each of the three paired lobes had its own light microscopic characteristics. The gigant sections revealed the distribution of the separate lobes. Our findings emphasize that the human prostate cannot be looked upon as a homogenous organ.

We studied the action of prazosin hydrochloride on the canine urethra by measuring urethral pressure profiles, employing both oral and intravenous preparations. Its interaction with intravenous ephedrine sulfate was determined. Prazosin hydrochloride produced a marked depressant effect on the maximum urethral pressure and the urethral pressure profile. It antagonized the effect of intravenous ephedrine sulfate. We believe that the effects of prazosin hydrochloride are caused by alpha-adrenergic blockade and that application of this drug to human voiding dysfunction should be considered.

The effect of a single intravesical dose of N-Methyl-N-Nitrosourea (MNU) on bladder carcinogenesis in Fischer rats by a suprathreshold dose of N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl] formamide (FANFT) was studied. Animals were sacrificed periodically during the course of the study and the experiment was terminated 50 weeks. Carcinomas were first noted in the MNU + FANFT group at 35 weeks versus 37 weeks for the group receiving FANFT alone. At 50 weeks, carcinomas were seen in 40 of 49 animals in the MNU + FANFT group and in 40 of 48 animals in the FANFT group. Of the animals developing bladder carcinomas 50 per cent receiving MNU + FANFT and 32 per cent receiving FANFT had high grade tumors. Six per cent of the animals receiving MNU alone developed bladder carcinomas whereas none was seen in a control group. In this system, the addition of an inducing dose of MNU did not alter the induction rate or results of carcinogenesis by FANFT. There was a tendency for higher grade tumors in those animals receiving the inducing dose of MNU.

The effects of variation in fluid intake, of hard or softened drinking water, and of dietary calcium restriction on urinary relative saturation with calcium phosphates and magnesium ammonium phosphate were studied in 36 patients with neruogenic bladder. The relationship between urine volume and brushite saturation was statistically significant in 25 patients. For 8, an output of at least 4 liters per day should provide effective antistone therapy. For 17, an impossibly large volume (up to 11 liters daily) would be required. In two patients brushite saturation was significantly reduced in response to substitution of softened water for hard drinking, and in another two soft water combined with dietary calcium restriction had a similar effect. Unless urinary pH can be controlled, limitation of calcium intake is of no value in the majority of patients with neurogenic bladder and calculous disease.

The bladder epithelium of female Nb rats was markedly stimulated by treatment with pellets of testosterone propionate. Estrone treatment simultaneously reduced the incidence of bladder changes to approximately 50 per cent although estrone alone had no effect on bladder weights. The bladders of male rats were less responsive to hormones and were stimulated only by treatment with estrogen + testosterone. Massive papillary hyperplasia of the uroepithelium that extended into the kidney pelvis could be produced by hormones in the absence of calculi. Transplants of hyperplastic bladder epithelium usually resulted in small pseudo-bladders, but in one case a transplantable squamous cell carcinoma developed.

A technique of suprapubic recording of intravesical and prevesical pressure is presented. We conclude that rapid intraabdominal pressure changes (cough) and slow and sustained pressure changes (long strain) are equally transmitted to the bladder and to the prevesical space. When intraabdominal pressure is increased, the prevesical route of recording gives more uniform values of intraabdominal pressure elevations than do recordings from the rectum via rectal balloon and rectal open-end catheters. In micturitions with an initial bladder volume of 400 ml the suprapubic prevesical catheter functions well and the pressure recorded is not significantly different when compared with rectal recordings of extravesical pressure. The advantages associated with the use of suprapubic catheters are that identical recording systems with open-end catheters are used for both intravesical and extravesical recordings and that detrusor pressure is recorded directly as the transmural pressure difference.

Five normal human kidneys were disaggregated with three combinations of enzymes. The combination of collagenase 0.5 mg per ml of 11 additional kidneys. The viability of cells in suspension ranged from 75 to 94 per cent with a mean viability of 85.3 +/- 1.6 per cent. Disaggregated kidney cells were fractionated in isopyknic and isokinetic gradients. After isokinetic sedimentation, kidney tubule cells were predominantly in fraction 22 +/- 1 whereas lymphocytes were consistently located in fraction 8 +/- 1. Kidney epithelial cells were enriched to a 90.4 +/- 2.2 per cent (79.0 to 96.0 per cent) purity by isokinetic gradient centrifugation. Controlled rate freezing of cells provided material for repeated experiments, and short-term tissue culture before cell separation increased the proportion of viable cells in suspension.

We studied the inhibitory effect of urinary macromolecular substances (UMM), more than 10,000 mol. wt., on aggregation of calcium oxalate crystals in a crystal-seed system and a non-crystal-seed system. In both assay systems, UMM from non-stone-farmers showed a marked inhibitory activity on crystal aggregation, whereas UMM from recurrent stone-formers showed a weak inhibitory activity. The distinction between the two types of UMM was greater in the non-crystal-seed system. The macromolecular inhibitors seemed to be composed of proteins or protein-complexes inasmuch as approximately 70 to 90 per cent of the macromolecular inhibitory activity was destroyed by protein digestion with pronase. Urinary acid glycosaminoglycans, which have been considered possible inhibitors, played a small role in the inhibition of crystal aggregation.

Human prostatic androgen receptor content can be measured reliably in either fresh or bulk tissue stored in liquid nitrogen using (3H) R 1881 at incubation conditions of 4 C for 20 hr. Powdered tissue stored in liquid nitrogen for more than 12 days shows a marked deterioration in receptor content. Although multiple point dextran coated charcoal assays analyzed by Scatchard plot are preferable for receptor quantitation of bulk tissue, the single saturating dose assay provides useful information on needle biopsy specimens. When this technique is used to evaluate samples with protein concentrations less than 1 mg per ml, the use of hydroxylapatite to separate receptor bound and free steroid is superior to the use of dextran coated charcoal. The addition of sodium molybdate to the homogenization buffers results in a marked increase in cystosolic androgen receptor content and a decrease in extractable nuclear receptor content. The use of a vertical rotor to ensure short centrifugation times enhances the reliability of sucrose density gradient analyses of human prostatic androgen receptor.