Bone-mass formation in human is looked at to understand the underlying dynamics with an eye on healing of bone-fracture and non-unions in non-invasive pathways. Three biological cells osteoblasts, osteoclasts and osteocytes are important players in creating new bone or osseous matter in which quite a few hormones, proteins and minerals have indispensable supportive role. Assuming populations of the three mentioned cells as variables, we frame a theoretical model which is represented as a set of time differential equations. These equations imitate the dynamic process of bone matter creation. High value of osteocytes with moderate level values of osteoblast and osteoclast, all at asymptotic scale, imply creation of new bone-matter in our model. The model is studied both analytically and numerically. Some important results are highlighted and relevant predictions are made which could be put to future experimental test.
{"title":"Studies on Bone-mass Formation within a Theoretical Model","authors":"Nirmalendu Hui, B. Chattopadhyay","doi":"10.9790/3008-09420720","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/3008-09420720","url":null,"abstract":"Bone-mass formation in human is looked at to understand the underlying dynamics with an eye on healing of bone-fracture and non-unions in non-invasive pathways. Three biological cells osteoblasts, osteoclasts and osteocytes are important players in creating new bone or osseous matter in which quite a few hormones, proteins and minerals have indispensable supportive role. Assuming populations of the three mentioned cells as variables, we frame a theoretical model which is represented as a set of time differential equations. These equations imitate the dynamic process of bone matter creation. High value of osteocytes with moderate level values of osteoblast and osteoclast, all at asymptotic scale, imply creation of new bone-matter in our model. The model is studied both analytically and numerically. Some important results are highlighted and relevant predictions are made which could be put to future experimental test.","PeriodicalId":14548,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences","volume":"154 1","pages":"07-20"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75296233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Oluboyo B.O, S. TaiwoM., Oluboyo A.O, O. OlayanjuA.
One of the limitations in haemoglobin electrophoresis technique is the inability to distinguish between stable haemoglobin-C and unstable Haemoglobin-E. Haemoglobins A2, C, E and O Arab migrate together during cellulose acetate electrophoresis and are often not differentiated by most diagnostic laboratories. This study investigated the instability of phenotyped haemoglobin-C individuals and the possibility of haemoglobin-E individual phenotyped as either heterozygous or homozygous haemoglobin-C. Fifty phenotyped blood samples consisting of twenty five haemoglobin-AC, fifteen haemoglobin-SC, and ten haemoglobin-CC were used for this study. Twenty two blood samples phenotyped as haemoglobin-AA served as controls. The blood samples were analyzed for haemoglobin instability using heat instability and isopropanol instability tests. The difference in turbidity of the haemoglobins measured spectrophotometrically before and after heating was taken as a measure of haemoglobin instability. The degree of instability in haemoglobin-AC individuals was insignificant (p>0.05) in relation the controls. A significant (p<0.05) level of instability was found in haemoglobins-SC and CC individuals. Two haemoglobin-AC and one haemoglobin-CC individuals showed very high concentration of haemoglobin instability. They recorded turbid reaction with isopropanol. This suggests Haemoglobin-SE, Haemoglobin-CE or Haemoglobin-EE erroneously phenotyped as haemoglobin-SC and haemoglobin-CC. This study concludes that Haemoglobin-E may be present in Nigeria.
{"title":"A Measure of Haemoglobin Instability in Individuals phenotyped as haemoglobin AC, SC and CC by Acetate Electrophoresis.","authors":"Oluboyo B.O, S. TaiwoM., Oluboyo A.O, O. OlayanjuA.","doi":"10.9790/3008-1204025962","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/3008-1204025962","url":null,"abstract":"One of the limitations in haemoglobin electrophoresis technique is the inability to distinguish between stable haemoglobin-C and unstable Haemoglobin-E. Haemoglobins A2, C, E and O Arab migrate together during cellulose acetate electrophoresis and are often not differentiated by most diagnostic laboratories. This study investigated the instability of phenotyped haemoglobin-C individuals and the possibility of haemoglobin-E individual phenotyped as either heterozygous or homozygous haemoglobin-C. Fifty phenotyped blood samples consisting of twenty five haemoglobin-AC, fifteen haemoglobin-SC, and ten haemoglobin-CC were used for this study. Twenty two blood samples phenotyped as haemoglobin-AA served as controls. The blood samples were analyzed for haemoglobin instability using heat instability and isopropanol instability tests. The difference in turbidity of the haemoglobins measured spectrophotometrically before and after heating was taken as a measure of haemoglobin instability. The degree of instability in haemoglobin-AC individuals was insignificant (p>0.05) in relation the controls. A significant (p<0.05) level of instability was found in haemoglobins-SC and CC individuals. Two haemoglobin-AC and one haemoglobin-CC individuals showed very high concentration of haemoglobin instability. They recorded turbid reaction with isopropanol. This suggests Haemoglobin-SE, Haemoglobin-CE or Haemoglobin-EE erroneously phenotyped as haemoglobin-SC and haemoglobin-CC. This study concludes that Haemoglobin-E may be present in Nigeria.","PeriodicalId":14548,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences","volume":"39 1","pages":"59-62"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75431835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tropical trees of Garhjungle sacred forest, West Bengal, India may change in pollen viability according to pollinator, flower exposure, and pollen predacious thrips. A pole clipper system was used, and in vitro viability measures, to evaluate relative impact of such factors in six forest tree species. Relative pollen viability was measured with Alexander’s stain, or TTC stain for Madhuca indica Gmelin. (Sapotaceae); Buchanania lanzan Spreng. (Anacardiaceae); Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. (Fabaceae); Alangium lamarckii Thw. (Alangiaceae); Schleichera oleosa (Lour.) Oken (Sapindaceae) and Tectona grandis Linn. (Verbenaceae). The impact of thrips was gauged from bagged and open flowers, and direct counts on flowers in Buchanania and Tectona; canopy position impact (affecting light, exposure, temperature) was gauged using collections made with pole clippers, and by reciprocal transfer of inflorescences on branches. Four native bee species were scored for viable pollen as they first left their nests in early morning. Viability decreased according to thrips presence in Buchanania and Tectona. The former had more thrips and significant damage only among lower flowers, while the latter showed most thrips damage on higher flowers. Pollen viability was higher on the higher flowers in Tectona, Madhuca, Buchanania, Pterocarpus, Alangium and Schleichera. Pollen viability in transplanted inflorescences changed in Tectona, Madhuca, Buchanania, Pterocarpus, Alangium and Schleichera. Viable pollen was recovered on native bees first leaving their nests in early morning, indicating prolonged pre-pollination potential. Various factors influence pollen viability in tropical field conditions. Thrips may effectively remove a large portion of pollen and exert more influence than physical exposure. Some flowers increase in pollen viability when exposed to gap conditions, but others show the opposite trend, with implications for degraded habitats. Bees may secondarily disperse viable pollen from their nests, in which it retains viability from one day to the next. Relative pollen viability was in agreement using different in vitro tests.
{"title":"Effect of Environmental Factors on Pollen Viability of Tropical Trees in Garhjungle Sacred Forest Of West Bengal, India","authors":"A. Bhattacharya","doi":"10.9790/3008-1204022025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/3008-1204022025","url":null,"abstract":"Tropical trees of Garhjungle sacred forest, West Bengal, India may change in pollen viability according to pollinator, flower exposure, and pollen predacious thrips. A pole clipper system was used, and in vitro viability measures, to evaluate relative impact of such factors in six forest tree species. Relative pollen viability was measured with Alexander’s stain, or TTC stain for Madhuca indica Gmelin. (Sapotaceae); Buchanania lanzan Spreng. (Anacardiaceae); Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb. (Fabaceae); Alangium lamarckii Thw. (Alangiaceae); Schleichera oleosa (Lour.) Oken (Sapindaceae) and Tectona grandis Linn. (Verbenaceae). The impact of thrips was gauged from bagged and open flowers, and direct counts on flowers in Buchanania and Tectona; canopy position impact (affecting light, exposure, temperature) was gauged using collections made with pole clippers, and by reciprocal transfer of inflorescences on branches. Four native bee species were scored for viable pollen as they first left their nests in early morning. Viability decreased according to thrips presence in Buchanania and Tectona. The former had more thrips and significant damage only among lower flowers, while the latter showed most thrips damage on higher flowers. Pollen viability was higher on the higher flowers in Tectona, Madhuca, Buchanania, Pterocarpus, Alangium and Schleichera. Pollen viability in transplanted inflorescences changed in Tectona, Madhuca, Buchanania, Pterocarpus, Alangium and Schleichera. Viable pollen was recovered on native bees first leaving their nests in early morning, indicating prolonged pre-pollination potential. Various factors influence pollen viability in tropical field conditions. Thrips may effectively remove a large portion of pollen and exert more influence than physical exposure. Some flowers increase in pollen viability when exposed to gap conditions, but others show the opposite trend, with implications for degraded habitats. Bees may secondarily disperse viable pollen from their nests, in which it retains viability from one day to the next. Relative pollen viability was in agreement using different in vitro tests.","PeriodicalId":14548,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":"20-25"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77265826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Coffee borer beetles (Hyphothenemus hampei) generally bore the coffee fruit which its endosperm has already hardened, and thenthere is a disability at coffee bean causing a damage of chemical quality, while the flavor of coffee is influenced by combination of chemical compound components contained in the coffee bean. This study aims to see the changes in levels of caffeine, fat and water in coffee due to the attack of coffee borer beetle (H. hampei). The levels test of caffeine, fat and coffee water were carried out in the laboratory of Baristan Aceh and the farm laboratory of agriculture faculty of Syiah Kuala University. The results of the test show that H. hampei pests can cause the increase of caffeine level in the coffee beans up to 1.41%, decrease of fat level in the coffee beans up to 15, 81% and the increase of water level in the coffee bean up to 2.58%.
{"title":"A Study of Caffeine Level Changes, Fat and Water in Arabica Coffee Due to the Attack of Coffee Borer Pests (Hyphothenemus Hampei)","authors":"Olyfia Rosalina, M. Sayuthi, R. Hayati","doi":"10.9790/3008-1204015761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/3008-1204015761","url":null,"abstract":"Coffee borer beetles (Hyphothenemus hampei) generally bore the coffee fruit which its endosperm has already hardened, and thenthere is a disability at coffee bean causing a damage of chemical quality, while the flavor of coffee is influenced by combination of chemical compound components contained in the coffee bean. This study aims to see the changes in levels of caffeine, fat and water in coffee due to the attack of coffee borer beetle (H. hampei). The levels test of caffeine, fat and coffee water were carried out in the laboratory of Baristan Aceh and the farm laboratory of agriculture faculty of Syiah Kuala University. The results of the test show that H. hampei pests can cause the increase of caffeine level in the coffee beans up to 1.41%, decrease of fat level in the coffee beans up to 15, 81% and the increase of water level in the coffee bean up to 2.58%.","PeriodicalId":14548,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences","volume":"3 1","pages":"57-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80565645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: This study was undertaken to evaluate the anti-obesity potential of the methanolic extract of leaves of Heritiera fomes. (MEHF) in high fat cafeteria diet (HFCD) fed obese rats. Methods: Wistar strain of albino rats were divided into six groups comprising of six rats each. Group I served as normal control fed with normal pellet chow, group II served as disease control fed with high fat cafeteria diet, group III, IV and V animals, received MEHF at a dose level of 100, 200 and 400mg/kg b.w along with HFCD for 40 days, while, group VI served as standard drug control, which received Orlistat at a dosage of 50mg/kg b.w along with HFCD. Results: Administration of HFCD for 40 successive days to experimental rats significantly increased the body weight, organ and fat pad weights, serum total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose levels; and decreased HDL cholesterol as compared to normal control. While treatment with MEHF showed a significant reduction in the body weight gain, organ weight of the liver, kidney, spleen, weight of fat pads and the levels of serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol, glucose and increase in HDL cholesterol in a dose dependent manner. Further, the levels of liver markers such as aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), which were found to be elevated in the serum of obese rats, also resumed to normal on treatment with different concentrations of MEHF. Moreover, the consumption of MEHF reduced oxidative stress by enhancing the levels of glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), super oxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase in the hepatic tissue of rats with HFCD induced obesity. Conclusion: These results demonstrate clearly that repeated oral administration of Heritiera fomes methanolic extract can evoke a potent anti-obesity activity.
{"title":"Anti-Obesity Potential of Heritiera Fomes Leaves Methanolic Extract in a Preclinical Model","authors":"M. Mirza, S. Ali, I. Sanghvi","doi":"10.9790/3008-1204010105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/3008-1204010105","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This study was undertaken to evaluate the anti-obesity potential of the methanolic extract of leaves of Heritiera fomes. (MEHF) in high fat cafeteria diet (HFCD) fed obese rats. Methods: Wistar strain of albino rats were divided into six groups comprising of six rats each. Group I served as normal control fed with normal pellet chow, group II served as disease control fed with high fat cafeteria diet, group III, IV and V animals, received MEHF at a dose level of 100, 200 and 400mg/kg b.w along with HFCD for 40 days, while, group VI served as standard drug control, which received Orlistat at a dosage of 50mg/kg b.w along with HFCD. Results: Administration of HFCD for 40 successive days to experimental rats significantly increased the body weight, organ and fat pad weights, serum total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose levels; and decreased HDL cholesterol as compared to normal control. While treatment with MEHF showed a significant reduction in the body weight gain, organ weight of the liver, kidney, spleen, weight of fat pads and the levels of serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, VLDL cholesterol, glucose and increase in HDL cholesterol in a dose dependent manner. Further, the levels of liver markers such as aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), which were found to be elevated in the serum of obese rats, also resumed to normal on treatment with different concentrations of MEHF. Moreover, the consumption of MEHF reduced oxidative stress by enhancing the levels of glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), super oxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase in the hepatic tissue of rats with HFCD induced obesity. Conclusion: These results demonstrate clearly that repeated oral administration of Heritiera fomes methanolic extract can evoke a potent anti-obesity activity.","PeriodicalId":14548,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences","volume":"36 1","pages":"01-05"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89682662","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ẟC values have been used to differentiate the C3 plant species from the C4 species. Light isotope ( 12 C) is favoured against the heavier isotope ( 13 C) during the carbon fractionation in plant species. The ẟ 13 C values of terrestrial plant are useful in diverse applications in ecological, forensic, microbial diagnostic, biochemical and other scientific studies. There is variation of the ẟ 13 C values between the intraspecies grown in the greenhouse under controlled climatic conditions except respired carbon dioxide concentration. Also, ẟ 13 C values variation exist between interspecies, both grown in the greenhouse and field conditions. Isotopic composition of respired carbon dioxide (carbonate, CO3 ) was different from that of plant carbon dioxide (carbonate, CO3 ) and may be accounted due to respired carbon dioxide refixation. Further differences in the respired carbon exist between the C3 and C4plant species. Diffusion of carbon dioxide, interconversion of carbon dioxide and bicarbonate, assimilation of carbon dioxide by Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase or Phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase during carbon fractionation affect the final ẟ 13 C values. Different climatic factors and carboxylating enzymes explain the variation in the ẟ 13 C values within and amongst the C3 and C4 plant species. Furthermore, the variation in ẟ 13 C values may be caused by genetic differences in either leakiness of the bundle sheath cells due to light-use efficiency or by differences in the ratio of assimilation rate of stomatal conductance due to transpiration efficiency. Thus, both kinetics and thermodynamic modelling can be applied to explain the carbon fractionation process and theẟ 13 C values.
{"title":"Ecological Implications Of The ẟ13c Values of Plant Species Growing in Natural Environment, Greenhouse and Plant Respired Carbon Dioxide (Captured as Carbonate)","authors":"S. Sikolia","doi":"10.9790/3008-1204025158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/3008-1204025158","url":null,"abstract":"ẟC values have been used to differentiate the C3 plant species from the C4 species. Light isotope ( 12 C) is favoured against the heavier isotope ( 13 C) during the carbon fractionation in plant species. The ẟ 13 C values of terrestrial plant are useful in diverse applications in ecological, forensic, microbial diagnostic, biochemical and other scientific studies. There is variation of the ẟ 13 C values between the intraspecies grown in the greenhouse under controlled climatic conditions except respired carbon dioxide concentration. Also, ẟ 13 C values variation exist between interspecies, both grown in the greenhouse and field conditions. Isotopic composition of respired carbon dioxide (carbonate, CO3 ) was different from that of plant carbon dioxide (carbonate, CO3 ) and may be accounted due to respired carbon dioxide refixation. Further differences in the respired carbon exist between the C3 and C4plant species. Diffusion of carbon dioxide, interconversion of carbon dioxide and bicarbonate, assimilation of carbon dioxide by Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase or Phosphoenol pyruvate carboxylase during carbon fractionation affect the final ẟ 13 C values. Different climatic factors and carboxylating enzymes explain the variation in the ẟ 13 C values within and amongst the C3 and C4 plant species. Furthermore, the variation in ẟ 13 C values may be caused by genetic differences in either leakiness of the bundle sheath cells due to light-use efficiency or by differences in the ratio of assimilation rate of stomatal conductance due to transpiration efficiency. Thus, both kinetics and thermodynamic modelling can be applied to explain the carbon fractionation process and theẟ 13 C values.","PeriodicalId":14548,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences","volume":"9 1","pages":"51-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87357497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present objective of the research work is isolation of glucan sucrase from the decayed tooth extracts by carrying out inoculation of dental samples into Todd-Hewitt broth and centrifugation .The culture supernatant is subjected to protein fractionation and supernatant collected is purified for the enzyme by anion exchange chromatography and gel permeation. The solution from the above purification procedures are finally subjected to electrophoresis using SDS-PAGE. Molecular weight bands are compared and the glucan sucrase analysed from purified band.
{"title":"Isolation and Purification of Microbial Glucan sucrase from Decayed Tooth extracts","authors":"P. Deepika, Divya Kumar, M. Narasu, D. Srinivas","doi":"10.9790/3008-1203068791","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/3008-1203068791","url":null,"abstract":"The present objective of the research work is isolation of glucan sucrase from the decayed tooth extracts by carrying out inoculation of dental samples into Todd-Hewitt broth and centrifugation .The culture supernatant is subjected to protein fractionation and supernatant collected is purified for the enzyme by anion exchange chromatography and gel permeation. The solution from the above purification procedures are finally subjected to electrophoresis using SDS-PAGE. Molecular weight bands are compared and the glucan sucrase analysed from purified band.","PeriodicalId":14548,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":"87-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76486188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The study assessed tuberous root development, cotyledon degeneration and shoot regeneration in Telfairia occidentalis. This was with a view to establishing the tuberous root function in shoot regeneration, relationship between cotyledon degeneration and tuberous root initiation and the possibility of shoot regeneration if cotyledons are lost. Seeds from matured fruits of T. occidentalis were utilized in this study. Seedlings were uprooted at weekly intervals on a random basis to observed tuberization. Plants were also uprooted at weekly intervals, a week after tuberization and the primary shoots excised at the base, replanted and watered regularly to determine possibility of shoot regeneration. As control, primary shoots of 3 weeks old plants were excised, replanted and watered regularly for the possibility of shoot regeneration. To observe correlation between root development and cotyledon degeneration, six randomly selected plants were uprooted on a weekly basis, and weights of cotyledon and root measured and their means compared. Cotyledons and roots were excised from plants, and where observed for possibility of shoot regeneration. The study concluded that root tuberization in T. occidentalis was initiated at the onset of cotyledon degeneration and the food and energy reserve needed for shoot regeneration where translocated to the root at this time.
{"title":"Tuberous Root Initiation and Shoot Regeneration in Telfairia occidentalis Hook. F.","authors":"A. Sakpere, I. Obisesan","doi":"10.9790/3008-1203070613","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/3008-1203070613","url":null,"abstract":"The study assessed tuberous root development, cotyledon degeneration and shoot regeneration in Telfairia occidentalis. This was with a view to establishing the tuberous root function in shoot regeneration, relationship between cotyledon degeneration and tuberous root initiation and the possibility of shoot regeneration if cotyledons are lost. Seeds from matured fruits of T. occidentalis were utilized in this study. Seedlings were uprooted at weekly intervals on a random basis to observed tuberization. Plants were also uprooted at weekly intervals, a week after tuberization and the primary shoots excised at the base, replanted and watered regularly to determine possibility of shoot regeneration. As control, primary shoots of 3 weeks old plants were excised, replanted and watered regularly for the possibility of shoot regeneration. To observe correlation between root development and cotyledon degeneration, six randomly selected plants were uprooted on a weekly basis, and weights of cotyledon and root measured and their means compared. Cotyledons and roots were excised from plants, and where observed for possibility of shoot regeneration. The study concluded that root tuberization in T. occidentalis was initiated at the onset of cotyledon degeneration and the food and energy reserve needed for shoot regeneration where translocated to the root at this time.","PeriodicalId":14548,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences","volume":"6 3 1","pages":"06-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86521555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nutritional value was determined for six wild edible plants namely, Polygonum runcinatum, Pilea bracteosa, Elatostema platyphyllum, Gynura bicolor, Plantago erosa and Diplazium esculentum which were widely consumed as vegetables by the ethnic tribes of Arunachal Pradesh, India. Proximate analysis revealed rich nutrient levels in all the six wild plants compared to the common vegetables. Moisture, protein and phosphorus content were highest in Polygonum runcinatum with lowest sodium content, whereas, Pilea bracteosa was rich in lysine and proline. Ash, calcium and magnesium content were highest in Elatostema platyphyllum and it was also rich carbohydrate, crude protein and fat with high energetic value. Crude fat, tryptophan and potassium content were highest in Gynura bicolor with rich lysine, proline and other minerals. Proline and sodium content was highest in Plantago erosa, whereas, Diplazium esculentum was richest in fibre and carbohydrate content fetching greatest energy value with rich minerals. All the six wild edible plants made a significant contribution to the nutraceutical requirements of the ethnic tribal communities of Arunachal Pradesh, India particularly tryptophan, magnesium, calcium and potassium as per the daily-recommended dietary allowances prescribed by the Indian Council of Medical Research.
{"title":"Nutritional Contribution by Wild Plants as Novel Food to the Ethnic Tribes of Arunachal Himalaya, India","authors":"Binita Medak, L. Singha","doi":"10.9790/3008-1203077379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/3008-1203077379","url":null,"abstract":"Nutritional value was determined for six wild edible plants namely, Polygonum runcinatum, Pilea bracteosa, Elatostema platyphyllum, Gynura bicolor, Plantago erosa and Diplazium esculentum which were widely consumed as vegetables by the ethnic tribes of Arunachal Pradesh, India. Proximate analysis revealed rich nutrient levels in all the six wild plants compared to the common vegetables. Moisture, protein and phosphorus content were highest in Polygonum runcinatum with lowest sodium content, whereas, Pilea bracteosa was rich in lysine and proline. Ash, calcium and magnesium content were highest in Elatostema platyphyllum and it was also rich carbohydrate, crude protein and fat with high energetic value. Crude fat, tryptophan and potassium content were highest in Gynura bicolor with rich lysine, proline and other minerals. Proline and sodium content was highest in Plantago erosa, whereas, Diplazium esculentum was richest in fibre and carbohydrate content fetching greatest energy value with rich minerals. All the six wild edible plants made a significant contribution to the nutraceutical requirements of the ethnic tribal communities of Arunachal Pradesh, India particularly tryptophan, magnesium, calcium and potassium as per the daily-recommended dietary allowances prescribed by the Indian Council of Medical Research.","PeriodicalId":14548,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences","volume":"17 1 1","pages":"73-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88626187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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