K. Amorha, Martin Ifeanyi Chiebue, E. Ayogu, O. Ukoha-Kalu, M. Okonta
Undergraduate students represent a population that is at high-risk for acquiring and spreading hepatitis B infection (HBV). This study was designed to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes and practice of undergraduate students in the University of Nigeria Enugu Campus (UNEC) towards Hepatitis B. During April to May 2014, a cross-sectional and descriptive survey was conducted amongst undergraduate students of UNEC. A 33-item structured questionnaire on statements concerning knowledge base of HBV, attitudes and practices towards hepatitis B were distributed to 360 students. Statistical analysis was carried out with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) v 16.0 using the independent sample’s t-test and ANOVA test with level of significance set at P ≤ 0.05. Majority had heard of hepatitis (93.0%) and hepatitis B (89.9%). Less than half (35.9%) thought they could get hepatitis B infection. Only 25.6% had gone for a hepatitis B screening and just 33.0% had been vaccinated against HBV. Out of the 360 respondents, 97.2 %, 10 % and 24.4 % had good knowledge, positive attitudes and good practice, respectively. The students of health sciences had significantly better practice in hepatitis B than the students of business administration [1.89 (95% CI; 1.67 – 2.11) versus 1.46 (95% CI; 1.19 – 1.73); F = 3.072; p = 0.05]. The results of this study reveal that overall, undergraduate students of UNEC had good knowledge on hepatitis and hepatitis B but this translated neither to favourable attitudes nor good practices.
大学生是感染和传播乙型肝炎(HBV)的高危人群。本研究旨在评估尼日利亚大学埃努古校区(UNEC)本科生对乙肝的知识、态度和行为。2014年4月至5月，对UNEC的本科生进行了横断面和描述性调查。对360名学生进行了一份包含33个项目的结构化问卷调查，内容涉及乙肝知识基础的陈述、对乙肝的态度和做法。采用社会科学统计软件包(SPSS) v 16.0进行统计分析，采用独立样本t检验和ANOVA检验，显著性水平P≤0.05。大多数患者听说过肝炎(93.0%)和乙型肝炎(89.9%)。不到一半(35.9%)的人认为他们可能感染乙型肝炎。只有25.6%的人接受了乙肝筛查，只有33.0%的人接种了乙肝疫苗。在360名受访者中，97.2%、10%和24.4%的受访者表示“知识良好”、“态度积极”和“行为良好”。卫生科学专业的学生在乙型肝炎方面的实践明显优于工商管理专业的学生[1.89 (95% CI;1.67 - 2.11) vs 1.46 (95% CI;1.19 - 1.73);F = 3.072;P = 0.05]。本研究结果显示，总体而言，UNEC的本科生对肝炎和乙型肝炎有很好的了解，但这既没有转化为有利的态度，也没有转化为良好的做法。
{"title":"Knowledge, Attitudes and Practice of Undergraduate Students in University of Nigeria Enugu campus (UNEC) towards Hepatitis B","authors":"K. Amorha, Martin Ifeanyi Chiebue, E. Ayogu, O. Ukoha-Kalu, M. Okonta","doi":"10.9790/3008-1203066671","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/3008-1203066671","url":null,"abstract":"Undergraduate students represent a population that is at high-risk for acquiring and spreading hepatitis B infection (HBV). This study was designed to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes and practice of undergraduate students in the University of Nigeria Enugu Campus (UNEC) towards Hepatitis B. During April to May 2014, a cross-sectional and descriptive survey was conducted amongst undergraduate students of UNEC. A 33-item structured questionnaire on statements concerning knowledge base of HBV, attitudes and practices towards hepatitis B were distributed to 360 students. Statistical analysis was carried out with the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) v 16.0 using the independent sample’s t-test and ANOVA test with level of significance set at P ≤ 0.05. Majority had heard of hepatitis (93.0%) and hepatitis B (89.9%). Less than half (35.9%) thought they could get hepatitis B infection. Only 25.6% had gone for a hepatitis B screening and just 33.0% had been vaccinated against HBV. Out of the 360 respondents, 97.2 %, 10 % and 24.4 % had good knowledge, positive attitudes and good practice, respectively. The students of health sciences had significantly better practice in hepatitis B than the students of business administration [1.89 (95% CI; 1.67 – 2.11) versus 1.46 (95% CI; 1.19 – 1.73); F = 3.072; p = 0.05]. The results of this study reveal that overall, undergraduate students of UNEC had good knowledge on hepatitis and hepatitis B but this translated neither to favourable attitudes nor good practices.","PeriodicalId":14548,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences","volume":"43 1","pages":"66-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84058355","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Prasad, Sailesh Kumar Ghatuary, A. Sarathe, G. Dubey, K. Prajapati, R. Shinde
The present study involved the evaluation of effectiveness of aqueous extract of Adhatoda Vasica on blood pressure, Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial blood pressure in the hypertensive rats. The result of present study was shown that the pretreatment with aqueous extract of adhatoda vasica (100, 200 & 400mg/Kg p.o) for six week and on the day of experiment after administration of aqueous extract of adhatoda Vasica (10, 20 & 40mg/kg i.v.) produced significant reduction in BP, SBP, DBP and MABP at different time interval in dose dependant manner. The positive control, Captopril at the dose of 1mg/kg was shown significant decrease in the elevated blood pressure in Goldblatt model. It reveals that antihypertensive effect observed for aqueous extract of adhatoda vasica in present study due to decrease rennin release and angiotensin II levels: AT1 and AT2 receptors antagonism: inhibition of aldosterone secreation: increased prostaglandin synthesis or inhibition of ACE that is involved in angiotensin II from angiotensin I. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Date of Submission: xx-xx-xxxx Date of acceptance: xx-xx-xxxx -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
{"title":"Antihypertensive Activity of Aqueous Extract of Adhatoda Vasica in Hypertensive Rats.","authors":"S. Prasad, Sailesh Kumar Ghatuary, A. Sarathe, G. Dubey, K. Prajapati, R. Shinde","doi":"10.9790/3008-1204026368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/3008-1204026368","url":null,"abstract":"The present study involved the evaluation of effectiveness of aqueous extract of Adhatoda Vasica on blood pressure, Systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial blood pressure in the hypertensive rats. The result of present study was shown that the pretreatment with aqueous extract of adhatoda vasica (100, 200 & 400mg/Kg p.o) for six week and on the day of experiment after administration of aqueous extract of adhatoda Vasica (10, 20 & 40mg/kg i.v.) produced significant reduction in BP, SBP, DBP and MABP at different time interval in dose dependant manner. The positive control, Captopril at the dose of 1mg/kg was shown significant decrease in the elevated blood pressure in Goldblatt model. It reveals that antihypertensive effect observed for aqueous extract of adhatoda vasica in present study due to decrease rennin release and angiotensin II levels: AT1 and AT2 receptors antagonism: inhibition of aldosterone secreation: increased prostaglandin synthesis or inhibition of ACE that is involved in angiotensin II from angiotensin I. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Date of Submission: xx-xx-xxxx Date of acceptance: xx-xx-xxxx -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------","PeriodicalId":14548,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences","volume":"29 1","pages":"63-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85365937","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Two thionin genes were isolated from Arabidopsis thaliana (AT1G12660 and AT1G12663). The resulted thionin protein has antifungal activity against potato pathogenic fungi like Fusariumsolani and Fusariumoxysporum. These two thionin genes were respectively inserted into pEGAD vector. After that transformed into Agrobacterium tumifaceins GV3101::pMP90 in order to be transformed into the two potato cultivars (lady and spunta) using nodal cutting technique of tissue culture.Expressions of thionin transgenes in the transgenic plants were confirmed by RT-PCR. There were two assays were applied to test the role of thionins (in the transgenic potatoes) in resistance to the pathogenic fungi: effect of spore suspension on potato organs and the inhibitory effect of thionin proteins on spore germination.As the transgenic potato plant possesses active defense systems and can protect themselves from pathogenic invasion by secretion of a variety of small antifungal proteins such as thionins. The resulted transgenic potato cultivars were tested for fungal infection in comparing to control by using spore suspension on leaf and micro-tuber. The results showed that transgenic potato cultivars were highly resistant to the symptoms comparing to control.The other bioassay was studying the effect of the expressed thionin protein in the transgenic potato against the spore germination of both F. solani and F. oxysporum. There was obvious decrease in the number of the germinated spores comparing to control.
{"title":"Transgenic Potato (Solanumtuberosum) Expressing Two Antifungal Thionin Genes Confer Resistance To Fusarium Spp.","authors":"I. Hammad, A. Abdel-Razik, E. Soliman, E. Tawfik","doi":"10.9790/3008-1204026979","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/3008-1204026979","url":null,"abstract":"Two thionin genes were isolated from Arabidopsis thaliana (AT1G12660 and AT1G12663). The resulted thionin protein has antifungal activity against potato pathogenic fungi like Fusariumsolani and Fusariumoxysporum. These two thionin genes were respectively inserted into pEGAD vector. After that transformed into Agrobacterium tumifaceins GV3101::pMP90 in order to be transformed into the two potato cultivars (lady and spunta) using nodal cutting technique of tissue culture.Expressions of thionin transgenes in the transgenic plants were confirmed by RT-PCR. There were two assays were applied to test the role of thionins (in the transgenic potatoes) in resistance to the pathogenic fungi: effect of spore suspension on potato organs and the inhibitory effect of thionin proteins on spore germination.As the transgenic potato plant possesses active defense systems and can protect themselves from pathogenic invasion by secretion of a variety of small antifungal proteins such as thionins. The resulted transgenic potato cultivars were tested for fungal infection in comparing to control by using spore suspension on leaf and micro-tuber. The results showed that transgenic potato cultivars were highly resistant to the symptoms comparing to control.The other bioassay was studying the effect of the expressed thionin protein in the transgenic potato against the spore germination of both F. solani and F. oxysporum. There was obvious decrease in the number of the germinated spores comparing to control.","PeriodicalId":14548,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences","volume":"73 1","pages":"69-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82288254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Randriamampianina, V. Razafintsalama, D. Rakoto, Hanitra Ranjana Randrianarivo, V. Jeannoda
This work aimed at assessing the antimicrobial activity of Albizia bernieri seed extracts. Methanol extract (SME), alkaloids extracted under basic (Alk1) and acidic (Alk2) conditions, polar saponosides (Sap1) and less polar saponosides (Sap2) obtained by n-butanol fractionation were used. Their activities were tested against 9 pathogenic germs including 4 Gram (+) bacteria, 5 Gram (-) bacteria and 1 yeast using disc diffusion and microdilution methods. Regardless the method used to assess the antimicrobial activity, all extracts were efficient but their effects depended upon the germs tested. They all displayed a broad spectrum activity. Alkaloids were by far the most efficient with an excellent effect (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration or MIC<100μg/ml) against all germs tested. Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Clostridium perfringens and Candida albicans were the most sensitive with MICs less than 10 μg/ml. SME and Sap 2 had moderate or low effects (MIC between 100 and 1000 μg/ml) and Sap1 was the less efficient (MIC ≥1000 μg/ml). All the extracts exerted bactericidal or fungicidal action on all sensitive germs. These preliminary results revealed antimicrobial activity of Albizia bernieri seeds that could be used to treat different infectious diseases and might lead to the development of pharmaceutical agents.
{"title":"Antimicrobial Activity of Seed Extracts from Albizia bernieri E. Fourn. (Fabaceae)","authors":"L. Randriamampianina, V. Razafintsalama, D. Rakoto, Hanitra Ranjana Randrianarivo, V. Jeannoda","doi":"10.9790/3008-1203067279","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/3008-1203067279","url":null,"abstract":"This work aimed at assessing the antimicrobial activity of Albizia bernieri seed extracts. Methanol extract (SME), alkaloids extracted under basic (Alk1) and acidic (Alk2) conditions, polar saponosides (Sap1) and less polar saponosides (Sap2) obtained by n-butanol fractionation were used. Their activities were tested against 9 pathogenic germs including 4 Gram (+) bacteria, 5 Gram (-) bacteria and 1 yeast using disc diffusion and microdilution methods. Regardless the method used to assess the antimicrobial activity, all extracts were efficient but their effects depended upon the germs tested. They all displayed a broad spectrum activity. Alkaloids were by far the most efficient with an excellent effect (Minimum Inhibitory Concentration or MIC<100μg/ml) against all germs tested. Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Clostridium perfringens and Candida albicans were the most sensitive with MICs less than 10 μg/ml. SME and Sap 2 had moderate or low effects (MIC between 100 and 1000 μg/ml) and Sap1 was the less efficient (MIC ≥1000 μg/ml). All the extracts exerted bactericidal or fungicidal action on all sensitive germs. These preliminary results revealed antimicrobial activity of Albizia bernieri seeds that could be used to treat different infectious diseases and might lead to the development of pharmaceutical agents.","PeriodicalId":14548,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences","volume":"84 1","pages":"72-79"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82743935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Daturastramoniumpollen and it’s possible role in allergenic etiology- Recommendations for standardization of pollen extracts for ASIT","authors":"Barnali Bera, S. Mondal, J. Kundu, A. Mondal","doi":"10.9790/3008-1203076269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/3008-1203076269","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14548,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences","volume":"38 1","pages":"62-69"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72933532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study was to evaluate the isolates of antibiotic resistant E. coli in clinical samples and their control. A total of 50 E. coli strains were isolated from samples such as ENT, Pus and UTI. 5 different antibiotics were tested. 20% of the strains showed resistance to single antibiotic (AMP, AMX), whereas rest of the strains to 2-5 antibiotics (i.e.) AMP-AMX (6%); AMP-AMX-CXM (16%), AMP-AMX-CN (20%), AMPAMX-CN-CPD (20%), and AMP-AMX-CXM-CN-CPN (18%). MAR index for the isolates was found to be from 0.4-1.0. 4% of the strains showed a MAR index of 0.4 and 20% strains showed a MAR index of 1.0. The presence of ESBL production in various E.coli strains which was indicative through exhibition of resistance to first, second as well as third generation cephalosporin. Among 50 strains, 30 strains (60%) were observed to possess CTX type of β-lactamases. 62% of clinical strains were positive for haemolysis. Among them 20 (87%) of them were from UTI samples, 5 (29.41%) of them were from ENT samples and 6 (60%) of them were from Pus samples. Plasmid profile of the E.coli isolates was found to be >23kb. All the resistant strains tested against β-lactam antibiotics, lost resistance during plasmid curing.
{"title":"Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance in Clinical Strains of E. Coli and Their Control","authors":"J. Sujatha, P. Anusuya","doi":"10.9790/3008-1204012833","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/3008-1204012833","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was to evaluate the isolates of antibiotic resistant E. coli in clinical samples and their control. A total of 50 E. coli strains were isolated from samples such as ENT, Pus and UTI. 5 different antibiotics were tested. 20% of the strains showed resistance to single antibiotic (AMP, AMX), whereas rest of the strains to 2-5 antibiotics (i.e.) AMP-AMX (6%); AMP-AMX-CXM (16%), AMP-AMX-CN (20%), AMPAMX-CN-CPD (20%), and AMP-AMX-CXM-CN-CPN (18%). MAR index for the isolates was found to be from 0.4-1.0. 4% of the strains showed a MAR index of 0.4 and 20% strains showed a MAR index of 1.0. The presence of ESBL production in various E.coli strains which was indicative through exhibition of resistance to first, second as well as third generation cephalosporin. Among 50 strains, 30 strains (60%) were observed to possess CTX type of β-lactamases. 62% of clinical strains were positive for haemolysis. Among them 20 (87%) of them were from UTI samples, 5 (29.41%) of them were from ENT samples and 6 (60%) of them were from Pus samples. Plasmid profile of the E.coli isolates was found to be >23kb. All the resistant strains tested against β-lactam antibiotics, lost resistance during plasmid curing.","PeriodicalId":14548,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"28-33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89226393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gopegarh is a place of historic of Paschim Medinipur District, is situated on the bank of River Kangsabati . The Elevation is 211 ft or 64.30 mt. It lies between 22 0 57’10’’ North latitude and 87016’50’’ East longitude. There was a fort in the ancient past and had dense jungles. The plenty of vegetation of the past becoming dry bare rocky area following year after years. We should take the initiative immediately to save the ecofloristic diversity.
{"title":"Ecofloristic Diversity of Gopegarh – A Historic Place of Paschim Medinipur District of West Bengal","authors":"G. Bhakta","doi":"10.9790/3008-1203077072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/3008-1203077072","url":null,"abstract":"Gopegarh is a place of historic of Paschim Medinipur District, is situated on the bank of River Kangsabati . The Elevation is 211 ft or 64.30 mt. It lies between 22 0 57’10’’ North latitude and 87016’50’’ East longitude. There was a fort in the ancient past and had dense jungles. The plenty of vegetation of the past becoming dry bare rocky area following year after years. We should take the initiative immediately to save the ecofloristic diversity.","PeriodicalId":14548,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences","volume":"55 1","pages":"70-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73646094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Evaluation of Serum Lactate as Predictor of Morbidity and Mortality in Sepsis and Trauma Cases","authors":"S. Umarani","doi":"10.9790/3008-1203070105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/3008-1203070105","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14548,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences","volume":"18 1","pages":"01-05"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84074963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Akshaya, R. Mounika, Reddy Sv, Chaudhary Gp, R. Srinivasan, Sanjeev Sharma
{"title":"A Study On Effects Of The Most Commonly Used Chemotherapeutic Drugs On Haematological Parametres.","authors":"P. Akshaya, R. Mounika, Reddy Sv, Chaudhary Gp, R. Srinivasan, Sanjeev Sharma","doi":"10.9790/3008-1204020110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/3008-1204020110","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14548,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences","volume":"55 1","pages":"01-10"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89028081","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"“Study And Assessment Of Drug-Drug Interactions In Hospitalised Patients In Quaternary Care Hospital”","authors":"M. BhavanaChowdary","doi":"10.9790/3008-1204017175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/3008-1204017175","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14548,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences","volume":"27 1","pages":"71-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84850009","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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