S. Tork, Safa Qutub Alfattani, Tahani Mansour Al-Kahtani, M. Al-Seeni, M. Aly
The growing industrial attention toward rapid methods and the wide use of nucleic acid amplification techniques has led for developing and applying of PCR based methods for food-borne pathogens recognition. In the current study, 20 cheese samples, collected from a local supermarket of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia were examined for the presence of metals and some pathogenic bacteria. Cheese content of Na + and K + were found to be higher in fresh cheese than other elements. Cr 2+ , Ni 2+ , Zn 2+ and Al 3+ were detected at low concentrations in cheese. Additionally a multiplex PCR method was developed for detection of Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli O157:H7 as the most common cheese borne pathogens. Bacterial enrichment was carried out and bacterial genomic DNA was extracted. A set of primers was designed based on specific genes for Salmonella spp. (invA), L. monocytogenes (prfA) and E. coli O157:H7(eaeA). Additionally, a universal –multiplex PCR based on the highly conserved sequences published on genbank database for the previous genes was used for detecting the previous cheese borne pathogenic bacteria. Three (15 %) out of 20 cheese samples, were contaminated with pathogenic bacteria. Finally, the used method is a promised method, simple, rapid and efficient for detecting pathogenic bacteria in contaminating cheese.
{"title":"Molecular characterization of some food borne pathogens in soft cheese samples collected from Jeddah, Saudi Arabia","authors":"S. Tork, Safa Qutub Alfattani, Tahani Mansour Al-Kahtani, M. Al-Seeni, M. Aly","doi":"10.9790/3008-1203022734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/3008-1203022734","url":null,"abstract":"The growing industrial attention toward rapid methods and the wide use of nucleic acid amplification techniques has led for developing and applying of PCR based methods for food-borne pathogens recognition. In the current study, 20 cheese samples, collected from a local supermarket of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia were examined for the presence of metals and some pathogenic bacteria. Cheese content of Na + and K + were found to be higher in fresh cheese than other elements. Cr 2+ , Ni 2+ , Zn 2+ and Al 3+ were detected at low concentrations in cheese. Additionally a multiplex PCR method was developed for detection of Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes and Escherichia coli O157:H7 as the most common cheese borne pathogens. Bacterial enrichment was carried out and bacterial genomic DNA was extracted. A set of primers was designed based on specific genes for Salmonella spp. (invA), L. monocytogenes (prfA) and E. coli O157:H7(eaeA). Additionally, a universal –multiplex PCR based on the highly conserved sequences published on genbank database for the previous genes was used for detecting the previous cheese borne pathogenic bacteria. Three (15 %) out of 20 cheese samples, were contaminated with pathogenic bacteria. Finally, the used method is a promised method, simple, rapid and efficient for detecting pathogenic bacteria in contaminating cheese.","PeriodicalId":14548,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences","volume":"30 1","pages":"27-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81030086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2017-03-01DOI: 10.9790/3008-120304102105
M. Tyagi, Aniket Kumar, S. K. Vajpeyee
Prostacyclin is a strong cardioprotective hormone released by the endothelium of the blood vessels. Prostacyclin is present in equilibrium with several vasoactive agents in cardiovascular system. In recent years, prostacyclin (PGI2) has also been shown to enhance differentiation and inhibit proliferation in vascular smooth muscle cells. In addition to these well-described homeostatic roles within the cardiovascular system, prostacyclin (PGI2) also plays an important role as an inflammatory mediator. In this review, the focus on the contribution of prostacyclin (PGI2) as both a patho-physiological mediator in three major inflammatorymediated disease processes, namely rheumatoid arthritis, where it promotes disease progression , along with pulmonary vascular disease and atherosclerosis, where it inhibits disease progression. On the other hand, CDP-DAG synthases (CDS) are enzymes that catalyze the conversion of phosphatidic acid (PA) to CDPdiacylglycerol (CDP-DAG). Both PA and CDP-DAG serve critical roles in cellular functions.This article reviews the possibility of interaction with CDP diacylglycerol and it appears that de novo synthesis of PGI2 or its congeners occurs in specialized cells under patho-physiological conditions.
{"title":"Prostacyclin and Interaction with Diacylglycerol Lipase and CDP Diacylglycerol; Possibility of De Novo Synthesisof Prostacyclin or Related Congeners by Novel Mechanisms","authors":"M. Tyagi, Aniket Kumar, S. K. Vajpeyee","doi":"10.9790/3008-120304102105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/3008-120304102105","url":null,"abstract":"Prostacyclin is a strong cardioprotective hormone released by the endothelium of the blood vessels. Prostacyclin is present in equilibrium with several vasoactive agents in cardiovascular system. In recent years, prostacyclin (PGI2) has also been shown to enhance differentiation and inhibit proliferation in vascular smooth muscle cells. In addition to these well-described homeostatic roles within the cardiovascular system, prostacyclin (PGI2) also plays an important role as an inflammatory mediator. In this review, the focus on the contribution of prostacyclin (PGI2) as both a patho-physiological mediator in three major inflammatorymediated disease processes, namely rheumatoid arthritis, where it promotes disease progression , along with pulmonary vascular disease and atherosclerosis, where it inhibits disease progression. On the other hand, CDP-DAG synthases (CDS) are enzymes that catalyze the conversion of phosphatidic acid (PA) to CDPdiacylglycerol (CDP-DAG). Both PA and CDP-DAG serve critical roles in cellular functions.This article reviews the possibility of interaction with CDP diacylglycerol and it appears that de novo synthesis of PGI2 or its congeners occurs in specialized cells under patho-physiological conditions.","PeriodicalId":14548,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences","volume":"25 1","pages":"102-105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90117783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Due to the growing demand to improve an environmentally friendly, nonhazardous and cost-effective technology as a biocide to control the drug-resistant microorganism, thus in the present study; food-origin Escherichia coli, Candida zeylanoides and C. krusei were used for the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles. The biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles was monitored upon the colour change of the reaction mixture by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. Furthermore, the product was explored by Atomic Force Microscopy; the results revealed the formation of silver nanoparticles in the reaction mixture of the used microorganisms. The biosynthesized silver nanoparticles from E. coli, C. zeylanoides and C. krusei showed a maximum absorption at 423 nm, 415 nm and 426 nm respectively at range between 300 to 800nm wavelength and the size was 64.93 nm, 102.86 nm and 95.37 nm respectively. The biosynthesized silver nanoparticles were tested for their antimicrobial activity against various pathogens Pseudomonas flourescence, Klebsiella pneumonia, E.coli, Candida guilliermondii, and C. albicans; the results showed that the silver nanoparticles that biosynthesized in the current research exhibited an effective antimicrobial activity.
{"title":"Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles by Food-Origin E. coli and Candida Species and Testing Its Antimicrobial Activity against Pathogenic Bacteria and Fungi","authors":"Marwa. H. Al-Khafaji, S. Majeed, R. Basi","doi":"10.9790/3008-1203032934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/3008-1203032934","url":null,"abstract":"Due to the growing demand to improve an environmentally friendly, nonhazardous and cost-effective technology as a biocide to control the drug-resistant microorganism, thus in the present study; food-origin Escherichia coli, Candida zeylanoides and C. krusei were used for the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles. The biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles was monitored upon the colour change of the reaction mixture by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. Furthermore, the product was explored by Atomic Force Microscopy; the results revealed the formation of silver nanoparticles in the reaction mixture of the used microorganisms. The biosynthesized silver nanoparticles from E. coli, C. zeylanoides and C. krusei showed a maximum absorption at 423 nm, 415 nm and 426 nm respectively at range between 300 to 800nm wavelength and the size was 64.93 nm, 102.86 nm and 95.37 nm respectively. The biosynthesized silver nanoparticles were tested for their antimicrobial activity against various pathogens Pseudomonas flourescence, Klebsiella pneumonia, E.coli, Candida guilliermondii, and C. albicans; the results showed that the silver nanoparticles that biosynthesized in the current research exhibited an effective antimicrobial activity.","PeriodicalId":14548,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":"29-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90612917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
.. Vijayalakshmi, M. Srinavyatha, M. Lakshmiprasanna, B. N. Nalluri
A Simple and precise reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography(RP-HPLC)method was developed and validated for the estimation of Dothiepin hydrochloride in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form. The optimization is carried out on an Inertsil ODS 3 (250×4.6mm, 5μ particle size) long column with a mobile phase of Formic acid(0.02%): Acetonitrile in the ratio of 72:28v/v at a flow rate of 1ml/min with UV detection at 230 nm using LC solution software. The Linearity of Dothiepin hydrochloride was observed in the concentration range of 2-10μg/ml (R 2 =0.999). The proposed method has shown consistent recovery of Dothiepin 99.41-100.85% with the labeled amount in the pharmaceutical formulation. The proposed method was successfully applied for the quantification of active drug in tablet dosage form.
{"title":"A Novel Improved RP-HPLC Method for the Estimation of Dothiepin Hydrochloride in Bulk and Pharmaceutical Dosage Form","authors":".. Vijayalakshmi, M. Srinavyatha, M. Lakshmiprasanna, B. N. Nalluri","doi":"10.9790/3008-1203012126","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/3008-1203012126","url":null,"abstract":"A Simple and precise reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography(RP-HPLC)method was developed and validated for the estimation of Dothiepin hydrochloride in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form. The optimization is carried out on an Inertsil ODS 3 (250×4.6mm, 5μ particle size) long column with a mobile phase of Formic acid(0.02%): Acetonitrile in the ratio of 72:28v/v at a flow rate of 1ml/min with UV detection at 230 nm using LC solution software. The Linearity of Dothiepin hydrochloride was observed in the concentration range of 2-10μg/ml (R 2 =0.999). The proposed method has shown consistent recovery of Dothiepin 99.41-100.85% with the labeled amount in the pharmaceutical formulation. The proposed method was successfully applied for the quantification of active drug in tablet dosage form.","PeriodicalId":14548,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences","volume":"14 1","pages":"21-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88767461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the present investigation, a new series of imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazines were designed and synthesized and screened for their anti-proliferative activity. An efficient method is described for the synthesis of N-(substituted imidazo [1, 2-b] pyridazine) acetamides that consists of nucleophilic addition of 3-amino pyridazine which raises the electrophilicity of 4-Arylidine-2-methyl-oxazole5-ones followed by ring opening and cyclization steps. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their possible anti-proliferative activity in A375 and colo-205 human cancer cell lines by employing MTT assay and most of the compounds were found to be highly active. The most active compounds of the series on both the cell lines were 5m, 5n with IC50 values of 21 nM, 20 nM on A375 cell lines and 38 nM, 31 nM on colo-205 cell lines respectively. The title compounds were employed to molecular docking studies to position the molecules into B-Raf Kinase v600E (PDBID: 3IDP) and to determine its binding interactions and the most probable binding sites. The results from the binding energies suggest that the compounds have moderate to strong affinity for the BRAFV600E kinase binding site with G-Scores ranging from -9.2 to -6.9 indicating their potential to be antitumor agents. The title compounds were also subjected to molecular toxicity prediction using OSIRIS property explorer. The results indicated that all the compounds are druggable candidates and are free from toxicity and mutagenicity.
{"title":"Design, Synthesis of N-(Substituted Imidazo [1, 2-b] Pyridazine) Acetamides and Their Anti-Proliferative Studies on BRAFV600E Mutated A375 and Colo-205 Cell Lines.","authors":"K. Sruthi, M. Sumakanth, M. Cb, K. Naresh","doi":"10.9790/3008-1203048491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/3008-1203048491","url":null,"abstract":"In the present investigation, a new series of imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazines were designed and synthesized and screened for their anti-proliferative activity. An efficient method is described for the synthesis of N-(substituted imidazo [1, 2-b] pyridazine) acetamides that consists of nucleophilic addition of 3-amino pyridazine which raises the electrophilicity of 4-Arylidine-2-methyl-oxazole5-ones followed by ring opening and cyclization steps. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their possible anti-proliferative activity in A375 and colo-205 human cancer cell lines by employing MTT assay and most of the compounds were found to be highly active. The most active compounds of the series on both the cell lines were 5m, 5n with IC50 values of 21 nM, 20 nM on A375 cell lines and 38 nM, 31 nM on colo-205 cell lines respectively. The title compounds were employed to molecular docking studies to position the molecules into B-Raf Kinase v600E (PDBID: 3IDP) and to determine its binding interactions and the most probable binding sites. The results from the binding energies suggest that the compounds have moderate to strong affinity for the BRAFV600E kinase binding site with G-Scores ranging from -9.2 to -6.9 indicating their potential to be antitumor agents. The title compounds were also subjected to molecular toxicity prediction using OSIRIS property explorer. The results indicated that all the compounds are druggable candidates and are free from toxicity and mutagenicity.","PeriodicalId":14548,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences","volume":"43 1","pages":"84-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88347272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An ethnobotanical study was conducted from October 2015 to April 2016 to investigate the uses of medicinal plants by the Tigrigna people of 15 villages and towns of Central region of Eritrea such as Asmara, Serejaka, Himbirti, Ebardea, Kitmowlie, Tseada-krstian, Nefasit, Embaderho,Embeyto, Adi-Hawesha, Tsazega,AdiTeclay, Adi-guadad, Selae-daero andAdemneger.Information was gathered from 50 people: 19 female and 31 males, using semi-structured questionnaire of which 22 are local healers. The informants, except the healers, were selected randomly and no appointment was made prior to the visits. Informant consensus factor (ICF) for category of aliments of the medicinal plants was determined. 55 medicinal plants used as a cure for 40 aliments were documented andthey are distributed across 27 families and 51genera. Shrubs formed a major component (50.9%) while trees and herbs constitute 27.3% and 21.8% respectively. The study showed that preparation and administration of medicinal plants include several methods. The most frequently used plant parts for the preparations of remedy were leaves (49%), stem (10.9%), bark (9%), fruits (9%), root (7.3%), seed (5.4%), latex (5.4%) and all parts (3.6%).Diseases related todermatological problems (0.67) had higher ICF values, diseases related to gastro-intestinal with ICF value of (0.59) and problems related to organ diseases (0.57). The medicinal plants that are widely used by the local people or have higher Informant consensus values are Rutachalepnesis (60%),Schinusmolle(50%), Vernoniaamygdalina(40%),Terminalliabrownii(38%)and Sennasingueana(30%). The main threats to medicinal plants in the study area were fire wood, grazing, agricultural expansion, construction & drought respectively. It is therefore, recommended that the local people have to be encouraged to cultivate medicinal plants in their homegarden.
{"title":"Traditional Medicinal Plants Used By Tigrigna Ethnic Group In Central Region Of Eritrea","authors":"B. Yemane, Mehari Andebrhan, K. S. Reddy","doi":"10.9790/3008-1203034046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/3008-1203034046","url":null,"abstract":"An ethnobotanical study was conducted from October 2015 to April 2016 to investigate the uses of medicinal plants by the Tigrigna people of 15 villages and towns of Central region of Eritrea such as Asmara, Serejaka, Himbirti, Ebardea, Kitmowlie, Tseada-krstian, Nefasit, Embaderho,Embeyto, Adi-Hawesha, Tsazega,AdiTeclay, Adi-guadad, Selae-daero andAdemneger.Information was gathered from 50 people: 19 female and 31 males, using semi-structured questionnaire of which 22 are local healers. The informants, except the healers, were selected randomly and no appointment was made prior to the visits. Informant consensus factor (ICF) for category of aliments of the medicinal plants was determined. 55 medicinal plants used as a cure for 40 aliments were documented andthey are distributed across 27 families and 51genera. Shrubs formed a major component (50.9%) while trees and herbs constitute 27.3% and 21.8% respectively. The study showed that preparation and administration of medicinal plants include several methods. The most frequently used plant parts for the preparations of remedy were leaves (49%), stem (10.9%), bark (9%), fruits (9%), root (7.3%), seed (5.4%), latex (5.4%) and all parts (3.6%).Diseases related todermatological problems (0.67) had higher ICF values, diseases related to gastro-intestinal with ICF value of (0.59) and problems related to organ diseases (0.57). The medicinal plants that are widely used by the local people or have higher Informant consensus values are Rutachalepnesis (60%),Schinusmolle(50%), Vernoniaamygdalina(40%),Terminalliabrownii(38%)and Sennasingueana(30%). The main threats to medicinal plants in the study area were fire wood, grazing, agricultural expansion, construction & drought respectively. It is therefore, recommended that the local people have to be encouraged to cultivate medicinal plants in their homegarden.","PeriodicalId":14548,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences","volume":"372 1","pages":"40-46"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80485675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The synthesis of nanoparticles by green approach has been of great interest because of its ecofriendly and non-toxic potential in biomedical applications. The present study was aimed to synthesize Convolvulus pluricaulis iron oxide nanoparticles (CPIO) using its aqueous extract. The phytochemicals available in the aqueous extract acted as effective reducing agent and capping agent. The CPIO nanoparticles synthesized were characterized by PSA, XRD, FTIR, SEM and TEM. FTIR measurements showed the CPIO nanoparticles having a coating of phytochemical compounds indicating a possible role of biomolecules from Convolvulus pluricaulis for capping and efficient stabilization of the CPIO nanoparticles. The XRD spectrum confirmed the crystalline structure of CPIO nanoparticles with an average particle size of 32.8nm .The synthesized CPIO nanoparticles are found to be agglomerated porous nanoparticles from the SEM and TEM images. Acute oral toxicity studies were carried out for a period of 14 days and no mortality was observed during this treatment period. As no synthetic reagents were used in this method, the synthesized CPIO nanoparticles are non-toxic, biocompatible so have potential biomedical applications.
{"title":"Biosynthesis of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles using Aqueous Extract of Convolvulus Pluricaulis Plant, its Characterization and Acute Oral Toxicity Studies","authors":"Lakshmi Pravallika Poka, K. G, V. K., S. K.","doi":"10.9790/3008-1203046975","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/3008-1203046975","url":null,"abstract":"The synthesis of nanoparticles by green approach has been of great interest because of its ecofriendly and non-toxic potential in biomedical applications. The present study was aimed to synthesize Convolvulus pluricaulis iron oxide nanoparticles (CPIO) using its aqueous extract. The phytochemicals available in the aqueous extract acted as effective reducing agent and capping agent. The CPIO nanoparticles synthesized were characterized by PSA, XRD, FTIR, SEM and TEM. FTIR measurements showed the CPIO nanoparticles having a coating of phytochemical compounds indicating a possible role of biomolecules from Convolvulus pluricaulis for capping and efficient stabilization of the CPIO nanoparticles. The XRD spectrum confirmed the crystalline structure of CPIO nanoparticles with an average particle size of 32.8nm .The synthesized CPIO nanoparticles are found to be agglomerated porous nanoparticles from the SEM and TEM images. Acute oral toxicity studies were carried out for a period of 14 days and no mortality was observed during this treatment period. As no synthetic reagents were used in this method, the synthesized CPIO nanoparticles are non-toxic, biocompatible so have potential biomedical applications.","PeriodicalId":14548,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences","volume":"50 1","pages":"69-75"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80757906","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rasha Khalaf, H. Fadhil, Iman M. Auf, Salah Ali Namdar
Upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) that are caused by human adenoviruses (HAdVs) affect in the whole population, but are more frequent in young children under the age of five years old. Due to the potential role of HAdVs in the URTIs cases of young children and there is no previous molecular study on these viruses in Iraq, this study aimed to detect of the prevalence of HAdVs in children suffering from URTIs by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The DNA extracted from 203 nasopharyngeal and throat swabs, they were collected from children aged less than 15 years with the respiratory illness. In addition to 30 swabs obtained from healthy children as a control group. All samples diagnosed with PCR technique by using specific primer for the seven hyper variable regions (HVR-7) in the hexon gene. The results showed that 57 (28.08%) were positive and 146 (71.9%) were negative for HAdVs. The statistical analysis revealed a significant difference between groups (X 2 = 11.064; P<0.01), where the viral DNA was detected in approximately a third (28.08%) of the total study groups. Again results of our study showed that most patients with HAdV infection were younger than 5 years (85.5%). Moreover, the results showed no significant difference in prevalence of HAdVs infections between males 29.82% (34/114) and females 25.84% (23/89). In conclusion, using multiplex PCR for identify of multiple viral infections in the same time with highly sensitively.
{"title":"Molecular Diagnosis of Human Adenovirus in Children with Upper Respiratory Tract Infections","authors":"Rasha Khalaf, H. Fadhil, Iman M. Auf, Salah Ali Namdar","doi":"10.9790/3008-1203010913","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/3008-1203010913","url":null,"abstract":"Upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) that are caused by human adenoviruses (HAdVs) affect in the whole population, but are more frequent in young children under the age of five years old. Due to the potential role of HAdVs in the URTIs cases of young children and there is no previous molecular study on these viruses in Iraq, this study aimed to detect of the prevalence of HAdVs in children suffering from URTIs by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The DNA extracted from 203 nasopharyngeal and throat swabs, they were collected from children aged less than 15 years with the respiratory illness. In addition to 30 swabs obtained from healthy children as a control group. All samples diagnosed with PCR technique by using specific primer for the seven hyper variable regions (HVR-7) in the hexon gene. The results showed that 57 (28.08%) were positive and 146 (71.9%) were negative for HAdVs. The statistical analysis revealed a significant difference between groups (X 2 = 11.064; P<0.01), where the viral DNA was detected in approximately a third (28.08%) of the total study groups. Again results of our study showed that most patients with HAdV infection were younger than 5 years (85.5%). Moreover, the results showed no significant difference in prevalence of HAdVs infections between males 29.82% (34/114) and females 25.84% (23/89). In conclusion, using multiplex PCR for identify of multiple viral infections in the same time with highly sensitively.","PeriodicalId":14548,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences","volume":"6 1","pages":"09-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82522983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Magda M. Aly, Buthinah A. Al-aidaroos, Fahad A. Alfassi
Due to widespread use pesticides for crop protection, they are considered as contaminants in the, environmental matrices such soil which are exposed to large quantities. Three isolates from soil samples using enrichment culture technique have been isolated and grown in the minimal growth medium where Diazinon served as a sole carbon source (60 mg/l). Total three bacterial strains were screened for Diazinon degradation. The most active one was isolate BMNF7 (33% degradation. Lower degradation percentages were recorded for the two other isolates, BMRF3 and BMTF 8 (21-30%). The isolate BMNF7 was identified by morphological and biochemical studies as Bacillus sp. and identification was confirmed using 16srRNA. It was identified as Bacillus sefensis 7 and this isolate was able to degrade up to 63% of Diazinon (60 mg/l) in mineral salt medium (MSM) as a sole carbon source within 10 days of incubation. The bacterial growth and Diazinon degradation were accelerated when MSM supplemented with 0.75 (g/l) yeast extract and 0.5 g/l glucose as an additional carbon and nitrogen sources. The maximum degradation was obtained at pH 7 and 45oC after 10 days of incubation and using 4x10 6 CFU/ml as inoculum size. It was noticed that the best growth temperature was 37oC while the maximum degradation was at 45oC, meaning that high temperature increased degradation process. In conclusion the bacterial strains isolated from the agricultural soil, especially Bacillus species showed the ability to degrade Diazinon insecticide and optimization of growth conditions enhanced the percentage of degradation.
{"title":"Factors Affecting Biodegradation of the Organophosphorus Insecticide Diazinon by Bacterial Mono-Culture of Bacillus Sefensis 7, Isolated From the Rhizosphere of Date Palm Tree","authors":"Magda M. Aly, Buthinah A. Al-aidaroos, Fahad A. Alfassi","doi":"10.9790/3008-1203021826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/3008-1203021826","url":null,"abstract":"Due to widespread use pesticides for crop protection, they are considered as contaminants in the, environmental matrices such soil which are exposed to large quantities. Three isolates from soil samples using enrichment culture technique have been isolated and grown in the minimal growth medium where Diazinon served as a sole carbon source (60 mg/l). Total three bacterial strains were screened for Diazinon degradation. The most active one was isolate BMNF7 (33% degradation. Lower degradation percentages were recorded for the two other isolates, BMRF3 and BMTF 8 (21-30%). The isolate BMNF7 was identified by morphological and biochemical studies as Bacillus sp. and identification was confirmed using 16srRNA. It was identified as Bacillus sefensis 7 and this isolate was able to degrade up to 63% of Diazinon (60 mg/l) in mineral salt medium (MSM) as a sole carbon source within 10 days of incubation. The bacterial growth and Diazinon degradation were accelerated when MSM supplemented with 0.75 (g/l) yeast extract and 0.5 g/l glucose as an additional carbon and nitrogen sources. The maximum degradation was obtained at pH 7 and 45oC after 10 days of incubation and using 4x10 6 CFU/ml as inoculum size. It was noticed that the best growth temperature was 37oC while the maximum degradation was at 45oC, meaning that high temperature increased degradation process. In conclusion the bacterial strains isolated from the agricultural soil, especially Bacillus species showed the ability to degrade Diazinon insecticide and optimization of growth conditions enhanced the percentage of degradation.","PeriodicalId":14548,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences","volume":"8 1","pages":"18-26"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79121781","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Koua Kadio Brou Donald, N’Tamon Amon Diane Marina, O. Timothée, K. S. Landry, Y. Félix
Crinum species known today are generally used in traditional medicine to treat a variety of diseases such as tumors, fever, malaria, febrile convulsions. The present study was aimed to evaluate the anticonvulsant properties of the aqueous extract of Crinum scillifolium bulbs in mice. The anticonvulsant activity of the aqueous extract of Crinum scillifolium bulbs (50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) was investigated isoniazid-induced seizures in mice. The convulsions produced by isoniazid are due to inhibition of GABA mediated pathway. The aqueous extract of Crinum scillifolium bulbs strongly protected mice against seizures induced by isoniazid (100 % of protection) at dose of 200 mg/kg. Further, in unprotected animals, the extract significantly increased seizure latency (p < 0.05) compared with the control group when mice was treated at dose of 100 mg/kg. Higher mortality was observed in animals that received distilled water. On the other hand, the aqueous extract has considerably reduced the occurrence of death in unprotected animals. The results of this study showed that, the aqueous extract of Crinum scillifolium bulbs possesses anticonvulsant activity against seizures induced by isoniazid in mice. This study strengthened the traditional belief and provided scientific background to the uses of the plant in the treatment of epilepsy.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Anticonvulsant Activity of the Aqueous Extract of Crinum Scillifolium Bulbs (Amaryllidaceae) In Experimental Animals","authors":"Koua Kadio Brou Donald, N’Tamon Amon Diane Marina, O. Timothée, K. S. Landry, Y. Félix","doi":"10.9790/3008-1203043539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9790/3008-1203043539","url":null,"abstract":"Crinum species known today are generally used in traditional medicine to treat a variety of diseases such as tumors, fever, malaria, febrile convulsions. The present study was aimed to evaluate the anticonvulsant properties of the aqueous extract of Crinum scillifolium bulbs in mice. The anticonvulsant activity of the aqueous extract of Crinum scillifolium bulbs (50, 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) was investigated isoniazid-induced seizures in mice. The convulsions produced by isoniazid are due to inhibition of GABA mediated pathway. The aqueous extract of Crinum scillifolium bulbs strongly protected mice against seizures induced by isoniazid (100 % of protection) at dose of 200 mg/kg. Further, in unprotected animals, the extract significantly increased seizure latency (p < 0.05) compared with the control group when mice was treated at dose of 100 mg/kg. Higher mortality was observed in animals that received distilled water. On the other hand, the aqueous extract has considerably reduced the occurrence of death in unprotected animals. The results of this study showed that, the aqueous extract of Crinum scillifolium bulbs possesses anticonvulsant activity against seizures induced by isoniazid in mice. This study strengthened the traditional belief and provided scientific background to the uses of the plant in the treatment of epilepsy.","PeriodicalId":14548,"journal":{"name":"IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences","volume":"25 11 1","pages":"35-39"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77259119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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