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Strengthening Of Brick Walls with Openings during Construction by Steel Wire Mesh around Openings on Both Sides of Wall 带开口砖墙在施工过程中采用两侧开口钢丝网加固
Pub Date : 2017-06-01 DOI: 10.9790/1684-140305131139
M. Elsamny, H. A. Ezz-Eldeen, A. A. Elmokrany
A significant part of the building is made of brick wall load bearing structures. The present of openings in brick walls can have an effect on the load capacity and cracking regime after construction under working load. So, there is a need for strengthening brick walls with openings during construction. In the present study, a total of five brick wall specimens having a wall dimensions (85*65) cm and thickness (10) cm with square opening (25*25) cm were tested. The brick wall specimens were divided into two groups as flow.Group one consisted of one brick wall with R.C lintel 35 cm length as a control wall. Group two consisted of four strengthened brick wall specimens by fixed strip of steel wire mesh covered with cement mortar around opening on both sides of wall. With strip wide (5,10,15,20 cm). All brick wall specimens were tested under static loads in regular increments from zero up to the cracking load then failure load. In addition, wall deformations have been measured by LVDT. The obtained test results show that fixing strip of steel wire mesh covered with cement mortar around opening on both sides of wall with strip wide 5 cm gives an increase in the load carrying capacity up to 135 % from the control ultimate capacity. However, fixing strip of steel wire mesh covered with cement mortar around opening on both sides of wall with strip wide 10 cm gives an increase in the load carrying capacity up to 153 % from the control ultimate capacity. In addition, fixing strip of steel wire mesh covered with cement mortar around opening on both sides of wall with strip wide 15 cm gives an increase in the load carrying capacity up to 167 % from the control ultimate capacity. However, fixing strip of steel wire mesh covered with cement mortar around opening on both sides of wall with strip wide 20 cm gives an increase in the load carrying capacity up to 184 % from the control ultimate capacity. The results suggest that Increasing wide of wire mesh strip increases significantly the load carrying capacity of wall. However, ductility has been significantly increased. In addition, it was found that strengthening with this technique is durable, economic and easy to apply.
建筑的重要部分是砖墙承重结构。砖墙开孔的存在会对砖墙在工作荷载作用下的承载能力和施工后的开裂状态产生影响。因此,在施工过程中需要对有开口的砖墙进行加固。本研究共测试了5个墙尺寸为85*65 cm、壁厚为10 cm、方孔为25*25 cm的砖墙试件。砖墙试件按流量分为两组。第一组为1面长35 cm钢筋混凝土门楣砖墙作为对照墙。第二组为4个加固砖墙试件,采用固定钢丝网条,在墙体两侧洞口周围覆盖水泥砂浆。带宽(5、10、15、20厘米)。所有砖墙试样在静荷载下进行测试,从零到开裂荷载,然后是破坏荷载。此外,还用LVDT测量了壁面变形。试验结果表明,在墙体两侧开口处以水泥砂浆覆盖钢丝网条,宽度为5cm,可使承载力较控制极限承载力提高135%。然而,在墙体两侧开口周围固定水泥砂浆覆盖的钢丝网条,条宽10cm,其承载能力比控制极限能力增加了153%。此外,在墙体两侧开口周围用水泥砂浆覆盖钢丝网条,条宽15cm,使承载能力比控制极限能力提高167%。然而,在墙体两侧开口周围固定水泥砂浆覆盖的钢丝网条,条宽20 cm,其承载能力比控制极限能力增加了184%。结果表明,增大网带宽度可显著提高墙体的承载能力。然而,延展性显著提高。此外,还发现该技术具有耐用、经济、易于应用等优点。
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引用次数: 5
Design and Execution of Fixture to Perform Slitting Operation On Feed Gear Shift Fork Component In Fn2 Milling Machine Fn2铣床进给换挡叉分切夹具的设计与实现
Pub Date : 2017-06-01 DOI: 10.9790/1684-1403064652
U. P. Kumar, P. Sreenivas, Sushendhar M Reddy
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引用次数: 0
A Review on Progress of Bagasse and Coir Fibre Composites and Their Mechanical Performances 甘蔗渣和椰壳纤维复合材料及其力学性能研究进展
Pub Date : 2017-06-01 DOI: 10.9790/1684-1403056872
Er. Sanjib Kumar Koley, Er. Lakshya Aggarwal, R. Joshi, B. Singh
The main objective of this review is to study the potential of agro-residues such as bagasse fibre, coir fibre, and combination of both as reinforcements for composite materials as an alternative to natural and synthetic fiber. In recent times, there has been a fast progress in study and development in the field of natural fibre composite. Interest is justified due to the reward of these materials compared to synthetic fibre composite, including unassuming environmental strength, inexpensive and hold up their prospective across a extensive range of use. A lot of effort has been made in ordered to examine the mechanical properties of composites made from these natural fibre materials. This study aims to offer a summary of the factors that influence the mechanical properties of natural fibre composites particularly in bagasse and coir fibre composite and their hybrid composites.
本综述的主要目的是研究甘蔗渣纤维、椰胶纤维及其复合纤维作为增强材料替代天然纤维和合成纤维的潜力。近年来,天然纤维复合材料的研究和开发取得了较快的进展。与合成纤维复合材料相比,这些材料的回报是合理的,包括谦逊的环境强度,价格低廉,并在广泛的使用范围内保持其前景。为了检验由这些天然纤维材料制成的复合材料的机械性能,人们做了很多努力。本研究旨在总结影响天然纤维复合材料,特别是甘蔗渣和椰壳纤维复合材料及其混杂复合材料力学性能的因素。
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引用次数: 0
Air Intake Prefilter Application at GT 13E2 PT. PJB UP Muara Tawar to Increase Plant Reliability, Availability, and Maintenance Time Interval 进气预过滤器在GT 13E2 PT. PJB UP Muara Tawar的应用,以提高工厂的可靠性,可用性和维护时间间隔
Pub Date : 2017-06-01 DOI: 10.9790/1684-1403071924
Komang Gede Nara Utama, Muhammad Roshie Friansyah, K. Gunawan, T. R. Biyanto
The role of air intake filter in gas turbine is very important to produce clean air into combustion chamber. Combustion can perform perfectly in proportional rasio of fuel and oxygen.Filter air intake of gas turbine GT 13E2 use cylindrical cartridge filter type and it is installed vertically. air intake filter performance reduce rapidly if operated in dirty ambient air. This condition require filter replacement to maintain air mass flowrate that required in combustion. However, displacement cannot be performed while plant under operation. Therefore, the effort to increase life time of filter is necesary. Existing air intake filter in block 1 utilize 900 pieces of Donaldson brand. the specification of filter are 16 inches outside diameter. 34.5 inches height. celulose base with pourusity 52μ. To reduce amount of attached particle in filter surface, installation weather louver is required. In order to increase plant reliability, availability and maintenance time interval of gas turbine, installation of prefilter and wheater louver at intake of compressor have been performed. This effort provide increasing plant reliability, availability and maintenance time interval. Finally, the benefit of this effort increase productivity of electricity and company profit.
燃气轮机进气滤清器的作用对产生洁净的燃烧室空气至关重要。在燃料和氧气的比例下,燃烧可以完美地进行。燃气轮机gt13e2的进气口滤清器采用圆柱形滤筒式,垂直安装。进气过滤器在污浊的环境空气中工作,其性能会迅速下降。这种情况需要更换过滤器,以保持燃烧所需的空气质量流量。但是,在设备运行时不能进行置换。因此,努力提高过滤器的使用寿命是必要的。1号楼现有进气过滤器采用900片唐纳森品牌。过滤器规格为外径16英寸。34.5英寸高。浓度为52μ的纤维素碱。为了减少过滤器表面附着颗粒的数量,需要安装挡风百叶。为了提高燃气轮机的可靠性、可用性和维修间隔时间,在压缩机进气处加装了预过滤器和小麦百叶。这一努力提高了工厂的可靠性、可用性和维护时间间隔。最后,这种努力的好处是提高了电力的生产力和公司的利润。
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引用次数: 0
Design of Highway Alignment 公路线形设计
Pub Date : 2017-06-01 DOI: 10.9790/1684-1403060111
P. Nimitha, M. Fahad, Mohammmad Abdul Dastagir Ahmed, C. Sindhu, G. Mounika
To establish the alignment of a highway of length 1km from “huzurabad to parkal” for extension of highway from two way lane to four way lane and evaluation of soil strength on the field in the form of an open transverse. The main objective of the project is to design a Highway Alignment from “Huzurabad to Parkal” for extension of highway from two way lane to four way lanes and evaluation of soil strength on field. It is an existing road already but now its road width is extended so our aim is to design the highway alignment by the following steps: 1. To carry out the detailed profile leveling which includes longitudinal sectioning and cross sectioning. 2. To fix up the formation level from the plotted longitudinal section according to prevailing gradients. 3. The earthwork has been calculated and the same is present in the graphical format. 4. Collecting the soil samples from the site and testing it in the laboratory manually. We used theodolites, chain, arrows, tape, ranging rods, tripod, levelling staff. Highway Alignment is the position or layout of centre line of the highway on the ground is called the alignment. it includes straight path, horizontal deviation and curves.
建立从“huzurabad到parkal”长度为1公里的高速公路的路线,以将公路从双向车道扩展到四车道,并以开放横向的形式评估现场的土壤强度。该项目的主要目标是设计一条从“胡祖拉巴德到帕克尔”的公路路线,将公路从双车道延长到四车道,并评估现场土壤强度。这是一条已经存在的道路,但现在它的道路宽度被延长了,所以我们的目标是通过以下步骤来设计公路路线:进行详细的剖面整平,包括纵剖面和横剖面。2. 根据流行的坡度,从绘制的纵剖面上确定地层水平。3.土方工程已计算完毕,并以图形形式呈现。4. 从现场采集土壤样本,并在实验室进行人工检测。我们用了经纬仪、链子、箭、胶带、测距棒、三脚架、水平仪。公路线形是公路中心线在地面上的位置或布局,称为线形。它包括直线路径、水平偏差和曲线。
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引用次数: 0
Experimental Investigation on Properties of Basalt Fiber Reinforced Geopolymer Concrete 玄武岩纤维增强地聚合物混凝土性能试验研究
Pub Date : 2017-06-01 DOI: 10.9790/1684-140305105109
Dr. R. Kumutha, I. Fathima, Dr.K. Vijai
Concrete is the most used construction material in the world. Construction industry uses most of the natural resources as it includes production of cement. It is the major contributing factor to the CO2 emissions, causing global warming. An alternate to the OPC has been found out known as Geopolymer concrete. It uses industrial waste material such as fly ash, GGBS, instead of cement thereby decreasing impacts due to cement production. In this study both fly ash and GGBS are utilized in making Geopolymer concrete. Alkaline solution is used that comprises of sodium silicate (114.206 kg/m 3 ) and Sodium hydroxide (57.10 kg/m 3 ) in the ratio of 2.0. Sodium hydroxide of 8 Molarity is used. In present study various percentages of basalt fibers are added to the geopolymer concrete and the compressive, flexural and split tensile strength of the different mixes were compared with the geopolymer concrete without basalt fibers. Fibers are added to the geopolymer concrete in the range of 0.5% to 2.5% at 0.5% increments.
混凝土是世界上使用最多的建筑材料。建筑业使用了大部分的自然资源,因为它包括水泥的生产。它是造成全球变暖的二氧化碳排放的主要因素。OPC的替代品已经被发现,称为地聚合物混凝土。它使用工业废料,如粉煤灰,GGBS,而不是水泥,从而减少了由于水泥生产的影响。在本研究中,粉煤灰和GGBS同时用于地聚合物混凝土的制备。采用水玻璃(114.206 kg/m 3)与氢氧化钠(57.10 kg/m 3)的比例为2.0的碱性溶液。用8摩尔浓度的氢氧化钠。本研究将不同比例的玄武岩纤维添加到地聚合物混凝土中,并与未添加玄武岩纤维的地聚合物混凝土进行了抗压、抗弯和劈裂抗拉强度的比较。纤维以0.5%的增量添加到地聚合物混凝土中,范围为0.5%至2.5%。
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引用次数: 10
Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Rice Husk-Fly Ash-Epoxy Hybrid Composites 稻壳-粉煤灰-环氧复合材料力学性能评价
Pub Date : 2017-06-01 DOI: 10.9790/1684-1403069199
A. Mishra, D. Padhee
An attempt has been made in this investigation to develop natural fibers reinforced polymer composites using rice husk and fly ash as reinforcements. The content of rice husk is varied (10, 15 and 20 weight percentages) whereas the fly ash percentage is kept constant at 5 % in epoxy matrix. Composites have been fabricated using hand layup technique using a suitable die developed in house. All the samples have been tested in Universal Testing Machine as per standard for tensile strength and flexural strength. The hardness and water absorption tests were also carried out. It is observed that composite with 10% rice husk is having highest tensile strength of 33 MPa. Similarly the flexure modulus for 10 % rice husk composite was 4881 MPa. The impact strength of composite with 20 % rice husk was highest. The hardness test showed that composite of 20% rice husk was highest. The water absorption test reveals that composite with 10 % rice husk is the best. It is recommended that composite with 10% rice husk and 5 % fly ash with epoxy matrix will be suitable for structural applications. The composite with 15 or 20 % rice husk may not be used for such purposes. Composite with 15 and 20 % rice husk may be used for making parts of automobiles. But these will not be suitable to work in moist environment. However composite with 10 % rice husk will be suitable for structural applications like packaging, interior decorations, body of washing machines and domestic appliances etc.
本研究尝试以稻壳和粉煤灰为增强材料,制备天然纤维增强聚合物复合材料。在环氧基中,稻壳的含量变化(重量百分比为10、15和20),而粉煤灰的含量恒定在5%。复合材料是用自己开发的合适的模具用手工叠层技术制作的。所有样品均在万能试验机上按标准进行拉伸强度和弯曲强度测试。并进行了硬度和吸水率试验。结果表明,添加10%稻壳的复合材料抗拉强度最高,为33 MPa。同样,10%稻壳复合材料的弯曲模量为4881 MPa。稻壳含量为20%的复合材料的冲击强度最高。硬度试验表明,20%稻壳的复合材料硬度最高。吸水试验结果表明,添加10%稻壳的复合材料吸水性能最好。建议采用10%稻壳加5%粉煤灰的环氧基复合材料作为结构材料。含有15%或20%稻壳的复合材料不得用于此类目的。含有15%和20%稻壳的复合材料可用于制造汽车零件。但这些将不适合在潮湿的环境中工作。然而,含有10%稻壳的复合材料将适用于结构应用,如包装,室内装饰,洗衣机和家用电器等。
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引用次数: 6
A Study of Composition of the Geopolymer Concrete Structure Using Silica Fume 硅粉用于地聚合物混凝土结构组成的研究
Pub Date : 2017-06-01 DOI: 10.9790/1684-1403067174
Nagraj Jammi, Krishna Rao.A
The usage of Portland cement in the process of concrete construction is under critical supervision due to release of enormous amount of carbon dioxide gas into the atmosphere during the production of cement. In recent times, an attempt has been made to enhance the utilization of silica fume in order to replace Portland cement partially in the concrete. Thus, Geopolymer concrete is considered to be the new material that does not require the presence of Portland cement as a binder. Instead, the source of the materials like Silica Fume that are rich in Silicon is activated by alkaline liquids in order to produce the binder. Hence, the resultant concrete will be free from Portland cement. This paper mainly presents the details of development of the process of making silica fume-based geopolymer concrete in order to avoid Portland cement partially.
硅酸盐水泥在混凝土施工过程中的使用受到严格的监督,因为在水泥生产过程中会向大气中释放大量的二氧化碳气体。近年来,人们尝试提高硅灰的利用率,以部分取代混凝土中的硅酸盐水泥。因此,地聚合物混凝土被认为是一种不需要波特兰水泥作为粘合剂的新材料。相反,像硅粉这样富含硅的材料的来源被碱性液体激活,以产生粘合剂。因此,合成的混凝土将不含波特兰水泥。本文主要介绍了硅灰基地聚合物混凝土的研制过程,以部分避免波特兰水泥的使用。
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引用次数: 0
To Improve Mechanical Properties of Concrete Paver Blocks 提高混凝土摊铺料的力学性能
Pub Date : 2017-06-01 DOI: 10.9790/1684-140305147151
Dinesh W. Gawatre, Akshay S. Ghaytadkar, Nikhil N. Gage, S. D. Bhor, S. S. Deore
In India total quantum of waste from construction industry is estimated to be between 12 to14 million tonnes per annum out of which 7 to 8 tonnes are concrete and brick waste. Construction, demolition, innovation generated large amount of concrete waste. This waste is either dumped or it is delivered towards landfill. This concrete waste can be qualitatively reused for manufacturing of various concrete blocks. In this report , we represent the concept of sustainable use of concrete waste in concrete which can be used in manufacturing of interlocking paver blocks , After crushing , this concrete waste can be used as a replacement of coarse and fine aggregate in one stage as half replacement in paver block by considering is specification. In this project by considering suitable material, size, shape, mix design, etc. and by accepting Specific casting methodology and by performing various specific tests, we are going to cast interlocking paver blocks
在印度,建筑业每年产生的废物总量估计在1200万至1400万吨之间,其中7至8吨是混凝土和砖废物。建筑、拆除、创新产生了大量的混凝土废弃物。这些废物要么被倾倒,要么被送到垃圾填埋场。这些混凝土废料可以被定性地再利用,用于制造各种混凝土块。在本报告中,我们提出了可持续利用混凝土废料的概念,该混凝土废料可用于制造联锁摊铺机砌块,在破碎后,考虑其规格,该混凝土废料可作为粗骨料和细骨料的一期替代,作为摊铺机砌块的半替代。在这个项目中,通过考虑合适的材料、尺寸、形状、混合设计等,并通过接受特定的铸造方法和进行各种特定的测试,我们将铸造连锁铺路块
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引用次数: 1
Optimization of process parameters in CNC milling for machining P20 steel using NSGA-II NSGA-II数控铣削加工P20钢的工艺参数优化
Pub Date : 2017-06-01 DOI: 10.9790/1684-1403055763
M. Vardhan, G. Sankaraiah, M. Yohan
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引用次数: 3
期刊
IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering
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