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Performance of Footing on MICP Induced Slope MICP诱导边坡基础性能研究
Pub Date : 2017-06-01 DOI: 10.9790/1684-140306100105
S. Pusadkar, Rewati N. Tawalare, A. I. Dhatrak
Microbial-induced calcite precipitation (MICP) is a novel ground improvement method to increase strength and stiffness of sand using natural biogeochemical processes. This paper describes the application of MICP in slope improvement. A strip footing was tested in a laboratory by conducting a model load test on sand slope of 1.5H: 1V. The slope was treated by injecting bacteria (S. Pasteurii) and cementation solution (CaCl2 + Urea) at 2M concentration in a grid pattern of 100 mm x 100 mm. These slopes were allowed to cure for the incubation period of 14 and 28 days. The load tests were conducted for three locations of footing on edges at a distance measured from slope crest as 0B, B and 2B. The results indicated that the bearing capacity of footing on slope increased significantly after MICP treatment. The bearing capacity of slopes cured for 28 days was found to be maximum.
微生物诱导方解石沉淀(MICP)是一种利用自然生物地球化学过程提高砂土强度和刚度的新型地基改良方法。本文介绍了MICP技术在边坡治理中的应用。在实验室对条形基础进行1.5H: 1V砂坡模型荷载试验。以100 mm × 100 mm的网格模式注射细菌(S. Pasteurii)和胶结液(CaCl2 +尿素),浓度为2M。这些斜坡被允许在14天和28天的潜伏期内固化。在距离坡顶0B、B和2B处的三个边缘基础位置进行荷载试验。结果表明:经MICP处理后,边坡基础承载力显著提高;固化28 d的边坡承载力最大。
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引用次数: 4
Performance of Diesel Engine Fueled with Biodiesel (Coconut Oil and Cotton Seed Oil Blended With Diesel) and Analysis of Combustion Products 以生物柴油(椰子油和棉籽油与柴油混合)为燃料的柴油机性能及燃烧产物分析
Pub Date : 2017-06-01 DOI: 10.9790/1684-1403057786
S. Nagendra, A. Kiran, D. Swetha, S. M. Saleemuddin
The world is facing crisis due to the dwindling sources of fossil fuels. Rapid depletion of conventional energy is a matter of serious concern for the mankind. There is a necessity to find alternative fuels for different industrial needs, automobiles and aircrafts. The conventional forms of energy supply and consumption are causing serious economical as well as environmental problems. Import dependence for oil in India is about 70 percent, and is likely to increase further. If the fossil fuels are consumed at present rate it may not take much time before the oil reserves get totally exhausted. It is, therefore, imperative to search for the alternative fuels that are renewable in nature, locally grown and friendly to environm1ent. Diesel and alternative fuels like coconut oil and cotton seed oil are used as fuels. Previously efficiency of alternative fuels like coconut oil and cotton seed oil blends with diesel was tested. The blends of varying proportions of these alternative fuels and diesel are used to run the engine and significant improvements in engine performance and emission characteristics are observed.These improvements are attributed to more complete combustion of oxygenated fuel. Engine performance values such as Indicated Horse Power, Brake Horse Power, Fuel Consumption, Mechanical Efficiency, Volumetric Efficiency, Indicated Brake Thermal Efficiency and Air Fuel Ratios are determined by varying fuel injection pressure with variation of Engine loads along with different blends of oils. Even through the viscosity of the coconut oil is low and is economically friendly. Considering the thermal efficiency, the cotton seed oil blend (B50) is preferable as it is giving it is good characteristics curve.
由于化石燃料来源的减少,世界正面临危机。常规能源的迅速枯竭是人类严重关切的问题。有必要为不同的工业需求、汽车和飞机寻找替代燃料。传统的能源供应和消费方式正在造成严重的经济和环境问题。印度的石油进口依存度约为70%,而且可能会进一步增加。如果化石燃料以目前的速度消耗下去,石油储备用不了多久就会完全枯竭。因此,迫切需要寻找可再生的、本地种植的、对环境友好的替代燃料。柴油和椰子油、棉籽油等替代燃料被用作燃料。以前,替代燃料如椰子油和棉花籽油与柴油的混合物的效率进行了测试。这些替代燃料和柴油的不同比例的混合物用于运行发动机,并观察到发动机性能和排放特性的显着改善。这些改进归功于含氧燃料的更完全燃烧。发动机性能值,如指示马力、制动马力、油耗、机械效率、容积效率、指示制动热效率和空气燃料比,是由不同的燃油喷射压力和不同的发动机负载以及不同的混合油决定的。尽管椰子油的粘度很低,而且经济实惠。从热效率的角度考虑,棉籽油共混物(B50)具有良好的特性曲线,是优选的。
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引用次数: 2
Exhaust Gases Energy Recovered from Internal Combustion Engine for Useful Applications 从内燃机中回收废气能量的有用应用
Pub Date : 2017-06-01 DOI: 10.9790/1684-1403070107
George Onyango Orido, G. Ngunjiri, M. Njue
The importance of this study is primarily to address the energy problem. The main contribution of this study, in addition to conserving energy through recovery technique, is reduction in the impact of global warming due to exhaust gas emission to the environment. The objective of the research is to recover exhaust gases energy from internal combustion engines for utilization. The experimental set-up consisted of a single cylinder, four-stroke, multi-fuel engine connected to eddy current dynamometer for loading. Thermocouple temperature sensors and transmitters were used to measure exhaust gas to calorimeter inlet temperature and exhaust gas from calorimeter outlet temperature. Exhaust gas mass flow rate and temperature measurements were used to determine the recovered energy. Recovered heat energy was 1.257% of fuel energy when the engine was operated on diesel at 1000 rpm and a torque load of 18 Nm. 3.153% of fuel energy was recovered at 1500 rpm and a torque load of 6 Nm when biodiesel was used. At a speed of 1000 rpm 22.6% and 23.004% of the thermal energy through exhaust was recovered when the engine used diesel and biodiesel at torque loads of 6 Nm and 14 Nm respectively.
这项研究的重要性主要在于解决能源问题。除了通过回收技术节约能源外,本研究的主要贡献是减少废气排放对环境造成的全球变暖的影响。本研究的目的是回收内燃机的废气能量并加以利用。实验装置由一台单缸、四冲程、多燃料发动机连接到涡流测力仪进行加载。使用热电偶温度传感器和变送器测量排气到量热计的入口温度和排气从量热计的出口温度。利用废气质量流量和温度测量来确定回收能量。当发动机转速为1000转/分、扭矩负载为18牛/分时,回收的热能占燃料能量的1.257%,当发动机转速为1500转/分、扭矩负载为6牛/分时,回收的热能占燃料能量的3.153%。转速为1000 rpm时,发动机在扭矩负载为6 Nm和14 Nm时分别使用柴油和生物柴油,通过排气回收的热能分别为22.6%和23.004%。
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引用次数: 4
Buckling Analysis of Multi-Storey Steel Building with and without Bracing under different Soil Conditions 不同土体条件下带和不带支撑的多层钢结构房屋屈曲分析
Pub Date : 2017-06-01 DOI: 10.9790/1684-1403062033
P. Vidyasagar, K. Kiran.K.
The major concern in the design of multistoriedtall steel building is to have good buckling load resisting system along with gravity load system because it also governs the design. This paper is presented to show the effect of different types of bracing systems in multistoried tall steel buildings on buckling behavior of the structure under different soil condition. For this purpose, multi storey steel building models without and with different bracing systems such as Diagonal, X bracing, inverted‘V’ bracing and K bracing system under different soil condition. A commercial software package ETABS is used for the analysis of steel buildings and different parameters are compared with buckling factors. The property of the section is used as per IS 800:2007 which incorporates Limit State Design philosophy.
在多层高层钢结构设计中,具有良好的抗屈曲荷载体系和重力荷载体系是设计的重要内容。本文研究了多层高层钢结构在不同土体条件下,不同类型的支撑体系对结构屈曲性能的影响。为此,在不同土壤条件下,建立了无斜支撑、X型支撑、倒“v”型支撑和K型支撑等不同支撑体系的多层钢结构建筑模型。利用商用软件ETABS对钢结构进行了分析,并对不同参数下的钢结构屈曲系数进行了比较。该部分的属性是按照is 800:2007使用的,它包含了极限状态设计哲学。
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引用次数: 0
Genetic Algorithm Parameters Effect on the Optimal Structural Design Search 遗传算法参数对结构优化设计搜索的影响
Pub Date : 2017-06-01 DOI: 10.9790/1684-140305124130
Z. E. Maskaoui, S. Jalal, L. Bousshine
This paper investigates the effects of genetic algorithm parameters on the performance of optimum structural search. The most significant of these parameters can be grouped according to their biologicallyinspired functions: population size, initial population, and crossover and mutation operators. However, since the genetic algorithms use a random search the numerical results presented in this paper show the extent to which the quality of solution depends on the choice of these parameters.
研究了遗传算法参数对最优结构搜索性能的影响。这些参数中最重要的参数可以根据它们的生物学启发函数进行分组:种群大小、初始种群、交叉和突变算子。然而,由于遗传算法使用随机搜索,本文给出的数值结果显示了解的质量取决于这些参数的选择的程度。
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引用次数: 5
Suitability of Soft Clay as Clay Liner based on Clay-Leachate Interaction Studies 基于粘土-渗滤液相互作用研究的软粘土作为粘土衬垫的适宜性
Pub Date : 2017-06-01 DOI: 10.9790/1684-140305115123
R. Sandhyarani, S. Chandra
Waste Disposal in urban areas with dense population is a challenging problem for a developing country like India. Although there are other methods for waste disposal (Recycling, Composting, Incineration), it is generally accepted that landfill is the most cost effective disposal method. This has the advantage of putting useless land to reclamation. Previous studies shown that clay compacted to a permeability of less than10 -7 cm/sec form a good barrier to leachate and also cost effective. The present work in this area has two aspects viz., suitability of local soils from stability and permeability characteristics for use as landfill clay liners and study on clay-leachate interaction using soft clay as clay liner. The basic properties like Liquid limit (LL), Plastic limit (PL), Free swell index (FSI) and pH are discussed in terms of physicochemical aspect. Certain mineralogical and microstructure studies undertaken on this interaction phenomenon are also presented. It is concluded that organic chemicals presented in the leachate destroy the double layer properties of soft clay and reduce the plasticity of the soils. Formations of some new clay minerals are observed in X-ray Diffraction graphs and formation of aggregates and flocs are observed in scanning electron micrographs.
对于像印度这样的发展中国家来说,人口密集的城市地区的垃圾处理是一个具有挑战性的问题。虽然还有其他处理废物的方法(回收、堆肥、焚烧),但人们普遍认为填埋是最具成本效益的处理方法。这样做的好处是把无用的土地开垦出来。先前的研究表明,粘土压实至渗透性低于10 -7厘米/秒,可以形成良好的渗滤液屏障,并且具有成本效益。目前该领域的工作主要有两个方面,即从稳定性和渗透性特征看当地土壤是否适合作为垃圾填埋场的粘土衬垫,以及用软粘土作为衬垫研究粘土与渗滤液的相互作用。从理化方面讨论了塑料的液限、塑限、自由膨胀指数和pH等基本性质。还介绍了对这种相互作用现象进行的某些矿物学和微观结构研究。结果表明,渗滤液中存在的有机化学物质破坏了软粘土的双层特性,降低了土壤的可塑性。在x射线衍射图上观察到一些新的粘土矿物的形成,在扫描电子显微图上观察到聚集体和絮凝体的形成。
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引用次数: 5
Parameter Prediction of Friction Stir Welding Aluminium Alloy by Anova Technique 用方差分析技术预测铝合金搅拌摩擦焊参数
Pub Date : 2017-06-01 DOI: 10.9790/1684-1403056467
A. Verma, A. Dubey
Friction stir welding can be controlled by different parameters like rotational speed, feed rate and welding medium. In this research, friction stir welding of marine grade Aluminium alloy 5083 is investigated and is welded with high strength Aluminium alloy 2024 T3. Friction stir welding (FSW) was selected for the joining of lap and butt welded parts having 150 x 50 x 5mm thick sheets each. The present work shows that composite materials have highest effect on mechanical properties of the specimens taken from welded zone. They were tested for mechanical properties such as tensile strength and Rockwell hardness respectively. The parameter for Charpy impact test and tensile stress predict the significant by ANOVA analysis.
搅拌摩擦焊可通过不同的转速、进给速率和焊接介质等参数进行控制。研究了船用级5083铝合金与高强铝合金2024 T3的搅拌摩擦焊接。选择搅拌摩擦焊(FSW)连接搭接件和对焊件,每个焊接件的厚度为150 x 50 x 5mm。研究表明,复合材料对焊接区试样的力学性能影响最大。分别进行了抗拉强度和洛氏硬度等力学性能测试。夏比冲击试验参数和拉应力参数通过方差分析预测显著性。
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引用次数: 0
Study on Impact Strength of Fly Ash Aggregate Concrete 粉煤灰骨料混凝土冲击强度研究
Pub Date : 2017-06-01 DOI: 10.9790/1684-1403067582
P. Jayabharath, G. Kesavan
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引用次数: 3
Method Of Valve Preventive Maintenance Via Additional Overview On Pos For Decreasing Failure Risk At Starting And Change Over Fuel Gas To Fuel Oil In Block 1 And 2 Gas Turbine GT13E2 PT. PJB UP Muara Tawar 通过对GT13E2第1和第2块燃气轮机启动和燃气转燃油故障风险的额外概述的阀门预防性维护方法
Pub Date : 2017-06-01 DOI: 10.9790/1684-1403073039
M. AlqaNury, S. Sugianto, S. N. Ihsan, K. Gunawan, T. R. Biyanto
Block 1 and 2 Combined Cycle Power Plant (CCPP) Muara Tawar have 5 units gas turbine can be operated by using fuel gas. Due to limitation of fuel gas from gas company. Several gas turbine are operated using High Speed Diesel fuel (HSD) to fulfil load demand. The equipment that used for fuel gas system must have high realibility to serve in dual fuel system neither operated using fuel oil or gas without unit trip. In actual, there are several disturbances occur during change over from gas to oil, even when the plant operated using fuel oil. From the data of failure causes, one of the failure causes is valve failure. By considering the availbility of plant, in term of possibility to modify instrumentation and control system, gas turbine 1.3 was choosen as object of the study. Additional indicator in HMI can be described as follows additional pressure switch attribute at EDS-P3 using symbol K, upload program to EPROM at card 70BK06 as communication card, and the cycle time less than 1 second in both valve open or close. It indicate valve system under good condition or no maintenance action is required. Valve maintenance at gas turbine ALSTOM 13E2 in Block 1 and 2 CCPP Muara Tawar can be done by additional indicator of pressure switch and aux relay contact as feedback signal on POS 30. Therefore, no disturbances in valve system and gas turbine performance increases.
Muara Tawar第一座和第二座联合循环发电厂(CCPP)有5台燃气轮机,可以使用燃气来运行。由于燃气公司的燃气限制。一些燃气轮机使用高速柴油(HSD)来满足负荷需求。用于燃气系统的设备必须具有高的可靠性,才能在双燃料系统中运行,既不使用燃油,也不使用燃气。实际上,在从天然气到石油的转换过程中,甚至当工厂使用燃油运行时,也会发生一些干扰。从失效原因的数据来看,其中一个失效原因是阀门失效。考虑到电厂的可用性,考虑到仪表和控制系统的修改可能性,选择燃气轮机1.3作为研究对象。HMI中的附加指示器描述如下:EDS-P3附加压力开关属性,使用符号K,将程序上传到70BK06卡的EPROM作为通信卡,阀门开启或关闭的周期时间小于1秒。表示阀门系统状态良好或不需要进行维护。Muara Tawar地块1和2 CCPP ALSTOM 13E2燃气轮机的阀门维护可以通过附加压力开关指示器和辅助继电器触点作为POS 30上的反馈信号来完成。因此,阀系统无扰动,燃气轮机性能提高。
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引用次数: 0
A Literature Survey on Various Factors in Dynamic Cellular Manufacturing System 动态元胞制造系统中各因素的文献综述
Pub Date : 2017-06-01 DOI: 10.9790/1684-1403059396
S. M. Saleemuddin, S. R. K. Hudgikar
Cellular manufacturing system deals with grouping of machines and parts into machine cells and part families with their compatibility. Reduction in part life cycle and variation in product mix and demand creates dynamic condition in the manufacturing systems. In previous work manufacturing companies has faces a lot of problems in meeting the customer requirement in dynamic conditions. Cellular Manufacturing System is a type of manufacturing system which tries to create a flexibility of job type and also productivity in shop floor. Now a day’s Dynamic cellular manufacturing system becomes the emerging topic and attracts of lot of attention at different times intervals. This paper gives the brief review about the work which was focused on all published paper on this subject.
元胞制造系统处理的是将机器和零件分组成具有兼容性的机器单元和零件族。零件生命周期的缩短以及产品组合和需求的变化在制造系统中创造了动态条件。在以往的工作中,制造企业在满足动态条件下的客户需求方面面临着许多问题。元胞制造系统是一种制造系统,它试图在车间创造工作类型的灵活性和生产力。目前,动态元胞制造系统是一个新兴的研究课题,在不同的时间间隔内引起了人们的广泛关注。本文对这一课题已发表的论文进行了简要的综述。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering
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