Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.32598/ijvm.18.2.1005364
Maryam Shafaei Bajestani, S. Anvar, Bahareh Nowruzi, Leila Golestan
Background: Spirulina platensis contains natural pigments along with phenolic and flavonoid compounds that may be excreted to the supernatant in addition to biomass during culture. Objectives: We prepared enriched cheese and ice cream using biomass and supernatant of S. platensis microalgae extract. We aimed to evaluate these algae’s organoleptic and nutritional properties. Methods: After preparing a 30-day culture of Spirulina, different concentrations of its biomass and supernatant extract were prepared to enrich cheese and ice cream. In the next step, the physicochemical and antioxidant properties of the products were measured by FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) and DPPH (2,2-diphenyl 1-picryl hydroxyl) methods. Expert evaluators performed the sensory analysis according to the Iranian national standard method in terms of color, odor, taste, texture, and general acceptance on a scale of 0 to 5. Finally, statistical analysis of the data obtained from each experiment was performed with a one-way analysis of variance three times using SPSS software, version 24. Results: The results showed that the content of protein, fat, ash, and biomass was higher in enriched foods. However, in enriched ice creams, the content of protein, fat, sugar, and aeration rate increased significantly compared to the supernatant. In addition, cheese and ice cream fortified with supernatant had significantly greater antioxidant activity than biomass. The results of the hedonic test showed that with increasing concentrations of these agents in fortified cheeses and ice creams, the level of satisfaction in odor, taste, color, texture, and general acceptance factors was increased. Conclusion: The study results showed that adding biomass and supernatant of S. platensis to ice cream and cheese increased the nutritional value and improved the taste of these foods. Because these substances play an essential role in children’s diet, this microorganism can be used to combat malnutrition and a diet without micronutrients.
{"title":"Production of Cheese and Ice Cream Enriched With Biomass and Supernatant of Spirulina platensis With Emphasis on Organoleptic and Nutritional Properties","authors":"Maryam Shafaei Bajestani, S. Anvar, Bahareh Nowruzi, Leila Golestan","doi":"10.32598/ijvm.18.2.1005364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/ijvm.18.2.1005364","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Spirulina platensis contains natural pigments along with phenolic and flavonoid compounds that may be excreted to the supernatant in addition to biomass during culture. Objectives: We prepared enriched cheese and ice cream using biomass and supernatant of S. platensis microalgae extract. We aimed to evaluate these algae’s organoleptic and nutritional properties. Methods: After preparing a 30-day culture of Spirulina, different concentrations of its biomass and supernatant extract were prepared to enrich cheese and ice cream. In the next step, the physicochemical and antioxidant properties of the products were measured by FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) and DPPH (2,2-diphenyl 1-picryl hydroxyl) methods. Expert evaluators performed the sensory analysis according to the Iranian national standard method in terms of color, odor, taste, texture, and general acceptance on a scale of 0 to 5. Finally, statistical analysis of the data obtained from each experiment was performed with a one-way analysis of variance three times using SPSS software, version 24. Results: The results showed that the content of protein, fat, ash, and biomass was higher in enriched foods. However, in enriched ice creams, the content of protein, fat, sugar, and aeration rate increased significantly compared to the supernatant. In addition, cheese and ice cream fortified with supernatant had significantly greater antioxidant activity than biomass. The results of the hedonic test showed that with increasing concentrations of these agents in fortified cheeses and ice creams, the level of satisfaction in odor, taste, color, texture, and general acceptance factors was increased. Conclusion: The study results showed that adding biomass and supernatant of S. platensis to ice cream and cheese increased the nutritional value and improved the taste of these foods. Because these substances play an essential role in children’s diet, this microorganism can be used to combat malnutrition and a diet without micronutrients.","PeriodicalId":14566,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":"165 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140758460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.32598/ijvm.18.2.1005348
Atiqullah Miakhil, Abolfazl Kamkar, Sayed Attaul Haq Banuree
Background: Honey, a naturally sweet food product, exhibits several health beneficial effects. The quality of honey differs by its microbiological, physicochemical, and antioxidant properties, which can significantly vary from brand to brand and country to country. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the physicochemical properties and antioxidant activity of honey brands distributed in Tehran City, Iran, and compare these parameters with national and international standards. Methods: Five brands (Shakelli, Khansar, Golagin, Shafi, and Kral) of honey in Tehran were selected, and 5 samples of each brand were collected from supermarkets and analyzed by standard methods for physicochemical properties and antioxidant activity. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software, version 20. Results: The results depicted significant differences among studied honey brands in all physicochemical properties (except for ash, total reducing sugars, and sucrose content) and antioxidant activity (P<0.05). The moisture, ash, pH, free acidity, total reducing sugars, sucrose, diastase, and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) contents of honey brands ranged within 16.30%-15.34%, 0.24%-0.40%, 4.27-4.39 units, 9.15-10.68 meq/kg, 77.84%-79.74%, 3.66%-4.57%, 2.28-3.28 DN (diastase number), and 6.67-11.84 mg/kg, respectively. Thus, the physicochemical properties of studied honey brands, except for diastase activity, were within national and international legal ranges. Moreover, total phenolic contents (TPC) and radical scavenging activity (RSA) of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) of honey brands ranged within 28.72-39.36 mg GAE/100 g and 63.83%-73.91%, respectively. In addition, a highly significant positive correlation was observed between TPC and RSA of DPPH of honey samples (r=0.798, P<0.01). Conclusion: The studied honey brands were of good quality and met national and international standards.
{"title":"Physicochemical Properties and Antioxidant Activity of Honey Brands Distributed in Tehran City, Iran","authors":"Atiqullah Miakhil, Abolfazl Kamkar, Sayed Attaul Haq Banuree","doi":"10.32598/ijvm.18.2.1005348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/ijvm.18.2.1005348","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Honey, a naturally sweet food product, exhibits several health beneficial effects. The quality of honey differs by its microbiological, physicochemical, and antioxidant properties, which can significantly vary from brand to brand and country to country. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the physicochemical properties and antioxidant activity of honey brands distributed in Tehran City, Iran, and compare these parameters with national and international standards. Methods: Five brands (Shakelli, Khansar, Golagin, Shafi, and Kral) of honey in Tehran were selected, and 5 samples of each brand were collected from supermarkets and analyzed by standard methods for physicochemical properties and antioxidant activity. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software, version 20. Results: The results depicted significant differences among studied honey brands in all physicochemical properties (except for ash, total reducing sugars, and sucrose content) and antioxidant activity (P<0.05). The moisture, ash, pH, free acidity, total reducing sugars, sucrose, diastase, and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) contents of honey brands ranged within 16.30%-15.34%, 0.24%-0.40%, 4.27-4.39 units, 9.15-10.68 meq/kg, 77.84%-79.74%, 3.66%-4.57%, 2.28-3.28 DN (diastase number), and 6.67-11.84 mg/kg, respectively. Thus, the physicochemical properties of studied honey brands, except for diastase activity, were within national and international legal ranges. Moreover, total phenolic contents (TPC) and radical scavenging activity (RSA) of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) of honey brands ranged within 28.72-39.36 mg GAE/100 g and 63.83%-73.91%, respectively. In addition, a highly significant positive correlation was observed between TPC and RSA of DPPH of honey samples (r=0.798, P<0.01). Conclusion: The studied honey brands were of good quality and met national and international standards.","PeriodicalId":14566,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":"102 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140787205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.32598/ijvm.18.1.1005267
F. Sasani, D. Golchin, Mohammad Yasan Bangash, Soheil Khorasaninejad, Sanaz Banifazl
Background: Xanthogranuloma (xanthoma) presents as a rare, non-infectious granulomatous lesion with a yellowish and soft appearance. Hypercholesterolemia and hyperlipidemia are believed to be the underlying causes of this lesion. Xanthoma has been identified in vertebrates and humans. Objectives: This report presents a case of cutaneous xanthogranuloma located in the tibiotarsal region of a 5-year-old rose-breasted cockatoo (Eolophus roseicapilla) fed with high-fat diets. Methods: The cockatoo underwent anesthesia using isoflurane administered through a face mask connected to an Ohmeda anesthesia machine. The mass was surgically removed and submitted for histopathological examination. The tissue was fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin, and representative sections were routinely processed for hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Moreover, frozen sections were obtained and stained with the Oil Red O technique. Results: Upon histopathologic examination of routine H&E slides, vacuolated macrophages, and multinucleated giant cells were noted in addition to cholesterol clefts and heterophilic infiltrates. Oil Red O staining was performed to detect intracellular and extracellular lipid content. Xanthogranulomas invaded the surrounding tissues, necessitating complete surgical excision. The lesion did not recur during the 1-month follow-up, but the patient died due to respiratory disorders. Conclusion: Stress and high-lipid feed consumption were considered the predisposing factors to xanthogranuloma development in this bird.
背景：黄疽（xanthogranuloma）是一种罕见的非感染性肉芽肿病变，外观呈淡黄色，质地柔软。高胆固醇血症和高脂血症被认为是导致这种病变的根本原因。黄疽已在脊椎动物和人类中发现。目的：本报告介绍了一例皮肤黄疽瘤病例，该病位于一只喂食高脂肪食物的 5 岁玫瑰胸凤头鹦鹉（Eolophus roseicapilla）的胫跗骨部位。研究方法通过与 Ohmeda 麻醉机相连的面罩给这只凤头鹦鹉使用异氟醚进行麻醉。手术切除肿块并进行组织病理学检查。将组织固定在 10%的中性缓冲福尔马林中，并对具有代表性的切片进行苏木精和伊红（H&E）染色。此外，还制作了冷冻切片，并用油红 O 技术进行染色。结果对常规 H&E 切片进行组织病理学检查后发现，除胆固醇裂隙和嗜异性浸润外，还有空泡巨噬细胞和多核巨细胞。用油红 O 染色法检测细胞内和细胞外的脂质含量。黄疽瘤侵犯了周围组织，必须进行彻底的手术切除。在 1 个月的随访中，病灶没有复发，但患者因呼吸系统疾病死亡。结论应激和高脂饲料的摄入被认为是导致该鸟患黄疽瘤的诱因。
{"title":"Tibiotarsal Subcutaneous Xanthogranuloma in a Rose-breasted Cockatoo (Eolophus roseicapilla): A Case Report","authors":"F. Sasani, D. Golchin, Mohammad Yasan Bangash, Soheil Khorasaninejad, Sanaz Banifazl","doi":"10.32598/ijvm.18.1.1005267","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/ijvm.18.1.1005267","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Xanthogranuloma (xanthoma) presents as a rare, non-infectious granulomatous lesion with a yellowish and soft appearance. Hypercholesterolemia and hyperlipidemia are believed to be the underlying causes of this lesion. Xanthoma has been identified in vertebrates and humans. Objectives: This report presents a case of cutaneous xanthogranuloma located in the tibiotarsal region of a 5-year-old rose-breasted cockatoo (Eolophus roseicapilla) fed with high-fat diets. Methods: The cockatoo underwent anesthesia using isoflurane administered through a face mask connected to an Ohmeda anesthesia machine. The mass was surgically removed and submitted for histopathological examination. The tissue was fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin, and representative sections were routinely processed for hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Moreover, frozen sections were obtained and stained with the Oil Red O technique. Results: Upon histopathologic examination of routine H&E slides, vacuolated macrophages, and multinucleated giant cells were noted in addition to cholesterol clefts and heterophilic infiltrates. Oil Red O staining was performed to detect intracellular and extracellular lipid content. Xanthogranulomas invaded the surrounding tissues, necessitating complete surgical excision. The lesion did not recur during the 1-month follow-up, but the patient died due to respiratory disorders. Conclusion: Stress and high-lipid feed consumption were considered the predisposing factors to xanthogranuloma development in this bird.","PeriodicalId":14566,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":" 39","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139393517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.32598/ijvm.18.1.1005406
Najmeh Motamed
Vaccines are major disease-controlling tools in human and animal practices. Vaccination controlled or even eradicated a long list of diseases worldwide. Classic viral vaccines are usually composed of live or inactivated whole viruses and have been produced for many years. However, they are unsuccessful, especially in persistent infections, fast-evolving viruses, complex and compound antigens, and emerging agents. Novel vaccine development technologies such as DNA, protein, or viral vector vaccines have revolutionized vaccine development and opened a new horizon for study and research in vaccine research and production vision. Newly-developed vaccines, or even most traditional ones, are based on new technologies, especially in human diseases where cost and complications in production can be ignored. However, in animal health, especially for commercial poultry production, the cost of development, simplicity, and mass application of large-scale production cannot be overlooked. In recent years, the significance of producing novel vaccines has been highlighted in parallel with technological advancement, especially with emerging novel variants of infectious bronchitis viruses—serious poultry pathogens for years. In this review, we will introduce some studies on novel vaccine development techniques and investigate the results of those vaccines in the protection of chickens and their clinical outcomes.
{"title":"An Overview of Future Development Methods of Infectious Bronchitis Vaccines","authors":"Najmeh Motamed","doi":"10.32598/ijvm.18.1.1005406","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/ijvm.18.1.1005406","url":null,"abstract":"Vaccines are major disease-controlling tools in human and animal practices. Vaccination controlled or even eradicated a long list of diseases worldwide. Classic viral vaccines are usually composed of live or inactivated whole viruses and have been produced for many years. However, they are unsuccessful, especially in persistent infections, fast-evolving viruses, complex and compound antigens, and emerging agents. Novel vaccine development technologies such as DNA, protein, or viral vector vaccines have revolutionized vaccine development and opened a new horizon for study and research in vaccine research and production vision. Newly-developed vaccines, or even most traditional ones, are based on new technologies, especially in human diseases where cost and complications in production can be ignored. However, in animal health, especially for commercial poultry production, the cost of development, simplicity, and mass application of large-scale production cannot be overlooked. In recent years, the significance of producing novel vaccines has been highlighted in parallel with technological advancement, especially with emerging novel variants of infectious bronchitis viruses—serious poultry pathogens for years. In this review, we will introduce some studies on novel vaccine development techniques and investigate the results of those vaccines in the protection of chickens and their clinical outcomes.","PeriodicalId":14566,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":"3 s4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139394766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.32598/ijvm.18.1.1005333
Hoseinali Ebrahimzadeh Mousavi, A. Taheri Mirghaed, Seyyed Morteza Hoseini, M. Ghelichpour, Abbasali Aghaei Moghaddam, B. Gharavi, Baki Aydın
Background: Sedative agents are utilized to mitigate stress and improve fish welfare during and after transportation. Objectives: We aimed to assess the effects of myrcene addition to the transportation water on the plasma biochemical profile of common carp, Cyprinus carpio. Methods: For this purpose, common carp (mean weight of 45.3±1.65 g) were transported in plastic bags containing myrcene at concentrations of 0 (CTL), 10 (10 M), 20 (20 M), 30 (30 M), and 50 (50 M) µL/L for 6 h. Then, their plasma parameters were compared to those values before transportation (BT). Results: Transportation significantly (P<0.05) decreased plasma total protein, albumin, alternative complement, lysozyme, sodium, and chloride, while increasing potassium, calcium, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase in the CTL treatment, as compared to BT. Adding 50 µL/L myrcene to water prevented total plasma protein and albumin loss. Supplementing 20 µL/L myrcene to water prevented or reduced the changes in plasma ions, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase. Addition of 10-50 µL/L myrcene to water decreased the changes in plasma aspartate aminotransferase. Adding 20 and 30 µL/L myrcene to water mitigated the changes in plasma alternative complement, as 30 µL/L myrcene increased plasma lysozyme activity. Transportation and myrcene addition had no significant effects on plasma immunoglobulin (P>0.05). However, a significant increase was observed in plasma globulin in the 20 M treatment (P<0.05). Conclusion: In summary, adding 20 µL/L myrcene to the transport water of common carp reduced hepatic enzyme levels and improved immune parameters, and therefore, the use of myrcene improves fish welfare during transportation.
背景：使用镇静剂可减轻鱼类在运输过程中和运输后的应激反应，改善鱼类福利。目的：我们的目的是评估在运输水中添加月桂烯对鲤鱼血浆生化指标的影响：我们的目的是评估在运输水中添加月桂烯对鲤鱼血浆生化指标的影响。方法：为此，将鲤鱼（平均体重为 45.3±1.65 g）放入含有浓度为 0 (CTL)、10 (10 M)、20 (20 M)、30 (30 M) 和 50 (50 M) µL/L 的 myrcene 的塑料袋中运输 6 小时，然后将其血浆参数与运输前（BT）的值进行比较。结果运输后血浆参数明显降低（P0.05）。然而，在 20 M 处理中观察到血浆球蛋白明显增加（P<0.05）。结论：总之，在鲤鱼的运输水中添加 20 µL/L 的月桂烯可降低肝酶水平并改善免疫参数，因此，使用月桂烯可改善鱼类在运输过程中的福利。
{"title":"Effects of Myrcene Addition to Water on Plasma Biochemical Characteristics of Common Carp, Cyprinus carpio, During Transportation","authors":"Hoseinali Ebrahimzadeh Mousavi, A. Taheri Mirghaed, Seyyed Morteza Hoseini, M. Ghelichpour, Abbasali Aghaei Moghaddam, B. Gharavi, Baki Aydın","doi":"10.32598/ijvm.18.1.1005333","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/ijvm.18.1.1005333","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Sedative agents are utilized to mitigate stress and improve fish welfare during and after transportation. Objectives: We aimed to assess the effects of myrcene addition to the transportation water on the plasma biochemical profile of common carp, Cyprinus carpio. Methods: For this purpose, common carp (mean weight of 45.3±1.65 g) were transported in plastic bags containing myrcene at concentrations of 0 (CTL), 10 (10 M), 20 (20 M), 30 (30 M), and 50 (50 M) µL/L for 6 h. Then, their plasma parameters were compared to those values before transportation (BT). Results: Transportation significantly (P<0.05) decreased plasma total protein, albumin, alternative complement, lysozyme, sodium, and chloride, while increasing potassium, calcium, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase in the CTL treatment, as compared to BT. Adding 50 µL/L myrcene to water prevented total plasma protein and albumin loss. Supplementing 20 µL/L myrcene to water prevented or reduced the changes in plasma ions, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase. Addition of 10-50 µL/L myrcene to water decreased the changes in plasma aspartate aminotransferase. Adding 20 and 30 µL/L myrcene to water mitigated the changes in plasma alternative complement, as 30 µL/L myrcene increased plasma lysozyme activity. Transportation and myrcene addition had no significant effects on plasma immunoglobulin (P>0.05). However, a significant increase was observed in plasma globulin in the 20 M treatment (P<0.05). Conclusion: In summary, adding 20 µL/L myrcene to the transport water of common carp reduced hepatic enzyme levels and improved immune parameters, and therefore, the use of myrcene improves fish welfare during transportation.","PeriodicalId":14566,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":"54 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139394509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.32598/ijvm.18.1.1005301
Mina Abbasi, S. M. Peighambari, J. Razmyar
Background: Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) and Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) are categorized as attaching and effacing E. coli (AEEC) due to their eae gene. One of the essential causes of diarrhea in humans is AEEC, which affects birds, too, thereby being considered a zoonotic pathogen. Objectives: Our study aimed to determine AEEC and evaluate its antibiotic resistance and phylogroups. Methods: A total of 200 fecal samples were collected from pet birds referred to the Veterinary Medicine Hospital, University of Tehran. PCR methods were used to detect AEEC using uspA, eae, bfpA, stx1, and stx2 gene-specific primers. The antimicrobial susceptibility of the recovered isolates was determined by the agar disk diffusion and MIC methods. Their phylogroups were analyzed based on Clermont phylotyping methods. Results: Of 200 samples, we isolated 26 (13%) E. coli strains, 9 harbor eae genes. None of the ease-positive samples possessed the bfpA gene, but 4 had stx2, and 5 had stx1 and stx2 genes. Phylogenetic analysis identified the phylogenetic groups of all AEEC isolated strains but 2 (duck and cockatiel). Detected phylogroups include four B2 and three D. Based on our results, 7 out of 9 AEEC isolated strains showed multi-drug resistance. Conclusion: The discovery of common phylogroups of AEEC in pet birds (a common companion animal in Iran with intimate contact with their owners, especially children) and humans, as well as their resistance to a wide range of antibiotics used in human medicine, verifies AEEC as a serious public health threat.
{"title":"Phylogenetic Analysis of Attaching and Effacing E. coli Strains Isolated From Pet Birds in Iran","authors":"Mina Abbasi, S. M. Peighambari, J. Razmyar","doi":"10.32598/ijvm.18.1.1005301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/ijvm.18.1.1005301","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) and Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) are categorized as attaching and effacing E. coli (AEEC) due to their eae gene. One of the essential causes of diarrhea in humans is AEEC, which affects birds, too, thereby being considered a zoonotic pathogen. Objectives: Our study aimed to determine AEEC and evaluate its antibiotic resistance and phylogroups. Methods: A total of 200 fecal samples were collected from pet birds referred to the Veterinary Medicine Hospital, University of Tehran. PCR methods were used to detect AEEC using uspA, eae, bfpA, stx1, and stx2 gene-specific primers. The antimicrobial susceptibility of the recovered isolates was determined by the agar disk diffusion and MIC methods. Their phylogroups were analyzed based on Clermont phylotyping methods. Results: Of 200 samples, we isolated 26 (13%) E. coli strains, 9 harbor eae genes. None of the ease-positive samples possessed the bfpA gene, but 4 had stx2, and 5 had stx1 and stx2 genes. Phylogenetic analysis identified the phylogenetic groups of all AEEC isolated strains but 2 (duck and cockatiel). Detected phylogroups include four B2 and three D. Based on our results, 7 out of 9 AEEC isolated strains showed multi-drug resistance. Conclusion: The discovery of common phylogroups of AEEC in pet birds (a common companion animal in Iran with intimate contact with their owners, especially children) and humans, as well as their resistance to a wide range of antibiotics used in human medicine, verifies AEEC as a serious public health threat.","PeriodicalId":14566,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":"60 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139396038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.32598/ijvm.18.1.1005360
Nadia Hamid Mohammed
Background: Dicrocoeliosis is a parasite disease that affects the liver of domestic and wild ruminants. It is one of the challenges in the livestock industry that causes significant diseases and economic losses. Objectives: This study aimed to identify Dicrocoelium dendriticum in sheep and cattle using their morphological and molecular characteristics. Methods: The current study examined 122 sheep and cattle livers from both sexes slaughtered in butcher shops. Found worms were selected randomly from the livers of sheep and cattle. They were stained for parasite morphometric measurements studies and macroscopic examination of the liver considering the color, consistency, and size. Molecular methods confirm the diagnosis of D. dendriticum in cattle and sheep. Results: The infection rates of D. dendriticum parasite in sheep and cattle were 34.4% and 10.7% respectively. The results showed a significant difference in the infection rate between sheep and cattle, while there is no significant difference between females and males in both sheep and cattle. Macroscopic diagnosis of the infected livers showed discoloration, swelling, wrinkled needle-spot shape and hyaline, the sharpness of liver margins loss, and biliary fibrosis. D. dendriticum was morphologically identified in all specimens collected from the sheep and cattle. The molecular examination confirmed the diagnosis of these parasites, which belonged to the species D. dendriticum, with a product reaction of 900 base pairs. Conclusion: This study is the first to isolate and detect D. dendriticum in sheep and cattle and to overview the genotype compositions of D. dendriticum.
背景：微小螺旋体病是一种影响家畜和野生反刍动物肝脏的寄生虫病。它是畜牧业面临的挑战之一，会导致重大疾病和经济损失。研究目的本研究旨在利用绵羊和牛的形态学和分子特征鉴定其体内的树枝状微囊虫。方法本研究检查了屠宰场屠宰的 122 只绵羊和牛的肝脏。从绵羊和牛的肝脏中随机挑选发现的寄生虫。染色后进行寄生虫形态测量研究，并对肝脏的颜色、稠度和大小进行宏观检查。通过分子方法确诊牛羊中的 D. dendriticum。结果绵羊和牛的树枝状寄生虫感染率分别为 34.4% 和 10.7%。结果显示，绵羊和牛的感染率有显著差异，而绵羊和牛的雌性和雄性感染率无显著差异。受感染肝脏的宏观诊断结果显示变色、肿胀、针尖状皱褶和透明、肝脏边缘锐利度下降和胆道纤维化。从绵羊和牛身上采集的所有标本都从形态学上鉴定出了 D. dendriticum。分子检验证实了这些寄生虫的诊断，它们属于 D. dendriticum 种，产物反应为 900 碱基对。结论本研究首次在绵羊和牛体内分离和检测出 D. dendriticum，并概述了 D. dendriticum 的基因型组成。
{"title":"Morphological and Molecular Detection of Dicrocoelium dendriticum Infection in Ruminants","authors":"Nadia Hamid Mohammed","doi":"10.32598/ijvm.18.1.1005360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/ijvm.18.1.1005360","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Dicrocoeliosis is a parasite disease that affects the liver of domestic and wild ruminants. It is one of the challenges in the livestock industry that causes significant diseases and economic losses. Objectives: This study aimed to identify Dicrocoelium dendriticum in sheep and cattle using their morphological and molecular characteristics. Methods: The current study examined 122 sheep and cattle livers from both sexes slaughtered in butcher shops. Found worms were selected randomly from the livers of sheep and cattle. They were stained for parasite morphometric measurements studies and macroscopic examination of the liver considering the color, consistency, and size. Molecular methods confirm the diagnosis of D. dendriticum in cattle and sheep. Results: The infection rates of D. dendriticum parasite in sheep and cattle were 34.4% and 10.7% respectively. The results showed a significant difference in the infection rate between sheep and cattle, while there is no significant difference between females and males in both sheep and cattle. Macroscopic diagnosis of the infected livers showed discoloration, swelling, wrinkled needle-spot shape and hyaline, the sharpness of liver margins loss, and biliary fibrosis. D. dendriticum was morphologically identified in all specimens collected from the sheep and cattle. The molecular examination confirmed the diagnosis of these parasites, which belonged to the species D. dendriticum, with a product reaction of 900 base pairs. Conclusion: This study is the first to isolate and detect D. dendriticum in sheep and cattle and to overview the genotype compositions of D. dendriticum.","PeriodicalId":14566,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":"10 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139395917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.32598/ijvm.18.1.1005383
Mohammed Ansam Khalid
Background: Semen contamination is a detrimental factor in decreasing fertility. Seasonal changes may affect the contamination, too. Objectives: This study was designed to detect semen contamination in ovine and caprine during different seasons. Methods: Six fully mature male sheep and goats were subjected to electro-ejaculator collection twice monthly from February 1, 2022, to January 31, 2023 (Spring, February 1, 2022-April 30, 2022; Summer, May 1, 2022, July 31, 2022; Autumn August 1, 2022, October 31, 2022; Winter November 1, 2022, January 31, 2023), for studying the seasonal effect. A total of 288 semen samples were collected from both species (36 samples from each per season). All samples were subjected to bacterial isolation and identification. Results: The results indicated that sheep semen had 4 different types of bacterial contamination with a higher number in contaminated samples than goat, which showed 5 different bacterial isolations. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in bacterial contamination with regard to different seasons. Conclusion: Different seasons appear not to affect bacterial contamination of semen in sheep and goats. Meanwhile, isolating all bacteria types was considered normal flora in both small ruminant species.
{"title":"Comparative Study of Bacterial Contamination in Local Iraqi Sheep and Goats Semen","authors":"Mohammed Ansam Khalid","doi":"10.32598/ijvm.18.1.1005383","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/ijvm.18.1.1005383","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Semen contamination is a detrimental factor in decreasing fertility. Seasonal changes may affect the contamination, too. Objectives: This study was designed to detect semen contamination in ovine and caprine during different seasons. Methods: Six fully mature male sheep and goats were subjected to electro-ejaculator collection twice monthly from February 1, 2022, to January 31, 2023 (Spring, February 1, 2022-April 30, 2022; Summer, May 1, 2022, July 31, 2022; Autumn August 1, 2022, October 31, 2022; Winter November 1, 2022, January 31, 2023), for studying the seasonal effect. A total of 288 semen samples were collected from both species (36 samples from each per season). All samples were subjected to bacterial isolation and identification. Results: The results indicated that sheep semen had 4 different types of bacterial contamination with a higher number in contaminated samples than goat, which showed 5 different bacterial isolations. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in bacterial contamination with regard to different seasons. Conclusion: Different seasons appear not to affect bacterial contamination of semen in sheep and goats. Meanwhile, isolating all bacteria types was considered normal flora in both small ruminant species.","PeriodicalId":14566,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":"82 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139395021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.32598/ijvm.18.1.1005318
Fatemeh Salehi, Razieh Partovi, Saeed Seifi
Background: Herbs possess a large amount of antioxidants; thus, using them in the poultry diet can improve the quality of final products. Objectives: This study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation of artichoke, Silybum marianum, and their mixture on Japanese quail’s carcass characteristics, oxidative stability, and breast meat quality. Methods: A total of 120 one-day-old Japanese quail were studied in a completely randomized design with 4 experimental treatments (0%, 1.5% artichoke, 1.5% S. marianum, 1.5% mixture of artichoke and S. marianum). Each treatment consisted of 3 replicates of 10 birds. At the end of the experiment (day 42), the carcass characteristics of the birds were recorded, and the physical characteristics, chemical composition, color, and oxidative stability of breast meat were evaluated. Results: The results showed no significant difference among the experimental groups regarding pH, dry matter, ash, drip loss, and cooking loss. Dietary enrichment with artichoke and S. marianum caused a decrease in the mean body weight in the experimental treatments compared to the control group (P<0.05). Dietary supplementation with herbal powders increased the crude protein and fat content of breast meat, and group 4 (artichoke+S. marianum) had a higher mean than other groups (P<0.05). The hardness of breast meat in the treatment groups has decreased compared to the control group. Compared to the control group, the amount of lightness in the treatments has reduced, and redness and yellowness have increased. TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) index showed a significant decrease in the investigated treatments compared to the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Dietary supplementation of S. marianum and artichoke improved nutritional value and increased oxidative stability of breast meat in Japanese quail. However, they adversely affected birds’ weight gain and feed consumption.
{"title":"Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Silybum marianum and Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) on Japanese Quail’s Carcass Characteristics, Oxidative Stability, and Quality of Breast Meat","authors":"Fatemeh Salehi, Razieh Partovi, Saeed Seifi","doi":"10.32598/ijvm.18.1.1005318","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/ijvm.18.1.1005318","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Herbs possess a large amount of antioxidants; thus, using them in the poultry diet can improve the quality of final products. Objectives: This study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation of artichoke, Silybum marianum, and their mixture on Japanese quail’s carcass characteristics, oxidative stability, and breast meat quality. Methods: A total of 120 one-day-old Japanese quail were studied in a completely randomized design with 4 experimental treatments (0%, 1.5% artichoke, 1.5% S. marianum, 1.5% mixture of artichoke and S. marianum). Each treatment consisted of 3 replicates of 10 birds. At the end of the experiment (day 42), the carcass characteristics of the birds were recorded, and the physical characteristics, chemical composition, color, and oxidative stability of breast meat were evaluated. Results: The results showed no significant difference among the experimental groups regarding pH, dry matter, ash, drip loss, and cooking loss. Dietary enrichment with artichoke and S. marianum caused a decrease in the mean body weight in the experimental treatments compared to the control group (P<0.05). Dietary supplementation with herbal powders increased the crude protein and fat content of breast meat, and group 4 (artichoke+S. marianum) had a higher mean than other groups (P<0.05). The hardness of breast meat in the treatment groups has decreased compared to the control group. Compared to the control group, the amount of lightness in the treatments has reduced, and redness and yellowness have increased. TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) index showed a significant decrease in the investigated treatments compared to the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion: Dietary supplementation of S. marianum and artichoke improved nutritional value and increased oxidative stability of breast meat in Japanese quail. However, they adversely affected birds’ weight gain and feed consumption.","PeriodicalId":14566,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":"297 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139395166","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.32598/ijvm.18.1.1005311
O. Zehtabvar, Mostafa Dehpahlavan, H. Akbarein, Majid Masoudifard, Marjan Molabirami, Zahra Hojjatzade, Mahdieh Jafari
Background: Zooarchaeology shares close ties with Comparative Anatomy of Veterinary Medicine. This scientific discipline involves the study of the bones of various animals, using anatomical information to explore the place and role of these animal species in life and human survival, thereby enriching our knowledge about the interaction of humans and their ecosystems. Objectives: Using available anatomical information, this study investigated the typology of bone remains and animal teeth in the area of Qareh Tepe, Segzabad (Qazvin Province, Iran). Another goal was to detect the abnormal effects created by humans or animals in bones, such as cuts, burns, or chewing effects by carnivorous animals. By extracting this information, it is possible to analyze the livelihood economy of that historical site correctly. Methods: A total of 1110 bone and teeth samples excavated in 2017 were analyzed. The samples were transferred to the Osteology Lab of the Anatomy Department of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran City, Iran. Anatomical studies were conducted in several stages based on the excavated samples. Results: Among the detected animal samples, the highest percentage (30.09%) was related to sheep samples, and then the samples of small ruminants (26.94%) (which could not be separated). The percentages of gazelle, Asian water buffalo, wild boar, and chicken were trivial and less than 1%. In this study, abnormal symptoms were detected in the phalanges of the Caspian horse. Conclusion: One of the remarkable points about the small ruminant samples separated at the species level in this study is that the number of sheep samples detected surpassed that of goats. It seems that the conditions for keeping sheep were more suitable. The number of Perissodactyla, especially horses, shows a significant increase compared to the Neolithic periods and the beginning of the complexity of Iron Age I technology. This finding indicates the use of horses and donkeys in agriculture and transportation activities.
背景：动物考古学与兽医学的比较解剖学有着密切的联系。这门科学涉及对各种动物骨骼的研究，利用解剖学信息探讨这些动物物种在生命和人类生存中的地位和作用，从而丰富我们对人类与生态系统互动关系的认识。目标：本研究利用现有的解剖学信息，调查了塞格扎巴德（伊朗加兹温省）Qareh Tepe 地区的骨骼遗骸和动物牙齿类型。另一个目标是检测人类或动物在骨骼中造成的异常影响，如割伤、烧伤或食肉动物的咀嚼影响。通过提取这些信息，可以正确分析该历史遗址的生计经济。研究方法对 2017 年出土的共计 1110 块骨骼和牙齿样本进行了分析。这些样本被转移到伊朗德黑兰市德黑兰大学兽医系解剖学实验室。根据出土样本分几个阶段进行了解剖学研究。研究结果在检测到的动物样本中，绵羊样本所占比例最高（30.09%），其次是小反刍动物样本（26.94%）（无法区分）。羚羊、亚洲水牛、野猪和鸡的比例微不足道，不足 1%。本研究在里海马的趾骨中发现了异常症状。结论本研究中按物种分类的小型反刍动物样本的一个显著特点是，检测到的绵羊样本数量超过了山羊。看来，饲养绵羊的条件更为适宜。与新石器时代和铁器时代 I 开始的复杂技术相比，长脚类动物，尤其是马的数量有了显著增加。这一发现表明在农业和运输活动中使用了马和驴。
{"title":"Anatomical Study and Determination of the Animal Bones and Teeth Samples of the Excavation of Qareh Tape Sagzabad (Qazvin Province, Iran) in 2018 (Iron Age II and III) and Making 3D Models","authors":"O. Zehtabvar, Mostafa Dehpahlavan, H. Akbarein, Majid Masoudifard, Marjan Molabirami, Zahra Hojjatzade, Mahdieh Jafari","doi":"10.32598/ijvm.18.1.1005311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/ijvm.18.1.1005311","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Zooarchaeology shares close ties with Comparative Anatomy of Veterinary Medicine. This scientific discipline involves the study of the bones of various animals, using anatomical information to explore the place and role of these animal species in life and human survival, thereby enriching our knowledge about the interaction of humans and their ecosystems. Objectives: Using available anatomical information, this study investigated the typology of bone remains and animal teeth in the area of Qareh Tepe, Segzabad (Qazvin Province, Iran). Another goal was to detect the abnormal effects created by humans or animals in bones, such as cuts, burns, or chewing effects by carnivorous animals. By extracting this information, it is possible to analyze the livelihood economy of that historical site correctly. Methods: A total of 1110 bone and teeth samples excavated in 2017 were analyzed. The samples were transferred to the Osteology Lab of the Anatomy Department of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran City, Iran. Anatomical studies were conducted in several stages based on the excavated samples. Results: Among the detected animal samples, the highest percentage (30.09%) was related to sheep samples, and then the samples of small ruminants (26.94%) (which could not be separated). The percentages of gazelle, Asian water buffalo, wild boar, and chicken were trivial and less than 1%. In this study, abnormal symptoms were detected in the phalanges of the Caspian horse. Conclusion: One of the remarkable points about the small ruminant samples separated at the species level in this study is that the number of sheep samples detected surpassed that of goats. It seems that the conditions for keeping sheep were more suitable. The number of Perissodactyla, especially horses, shows a significant increase compared to the Neolithic periods and the beginning of the complexity of Iron Age I technology. This finding indicates the use of horses and donkeys in agriculture and transportation activities.","PeriodicalId":14566,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":" 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139391846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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