Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.32598/ijvm.18.1.1005335
Mokhtar Mohajer, Navid Dadashpour Davachi, R. Masoudi, N. Asadzadeh
Background: Sperm preservation at a cool temperature reduces sperm metabolism while preserving its viability and reproductive ability. Researchers have sought to extend semen preservation effectiveness for more than 24 hours. Due to the particular physiological characteristics of small ruminant spermatozoa, the cooling procedure decreases its reproductive ability. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effect of adding L-carnitine (LC) to the cooling extender on the quality of the ram’s sperm following cooling preservation at 4°C. Methods: The collected sperm samples were diluted and divided into 4 groups with varying doses of LC supplementation (0, 1, 5, and 10 mM). The samples were kept at 4°C for up to 48 hours. At 0, 24, and 48 hours of cooling, the sperms’ total motility, progressive motility, viability, lipid peroxidation, membrane integrity, and mitochondrial activity were assessed. Results: The results showed that different treatments did not affect the quality of semen samples at time 0 of cooling storage (P>0.05). Cooling medium supplemented with 5 mM LC demonstrated improved total motility, progressive motility, viability, membrane integrity, and mitochondrial activity compared to the other groups after 24 and 48 hours of cooling (P≤0.05). Furthermore, after 24 and 48 hours of storage, 5 mM LC produced less lipid peroxidation (P≤0.05) than the other treatments. Conclusion: In conclusion, reinforcing ram’s cooling storage medium with 5 mM LC protects ram semen samples against cold-induced structural and functional impairment throughout 24- and 48-h storage.
{"title":"Supplementation of Cooling Extender With L-carnitine and Preserving Ram’s Sperm During Chilling Storage","authors":"Mokhtar Mohajer, Navid Dadashpour Davachi, R. Masoudi, N. Asadzadeh","doi":"10.32598/ijvm.18.1.1005335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/ijvm.18.1.1005335","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Sperm preservation at a cool temperature reduces sperm metabolism while preserving its viability and reproductive ability. Researchers have sought to extend semen preservation effectiveness for more than 24 hours. Due to the particular physiological characteristics of small ruminant spermatozoa, the cooling procedure decreases its reproductive ability. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the effect of adding L-carnitine (LC) to the cooling extender on the quality of the ram’s sperm following cooling preservation at 4°C. Methods: The collected sperm samples were diluted and divided into 4 groups with varying doses of LC supplementation (0, 1, 5, and 10 mM). The samples were kept at 4°C for up to 48 hours. At 0, 24, and 48 hours of cooling, the sperms’ total motility, progressive motility, viability, lipid peroxidation, membrane integrity, and mitochondrial activity were assessed. Results: The results showed that different treatments did not affect the quality of semen samples at time 0 of cooling storage (P>0.05). Cooling medium supplemented with 5 mM LC demonstrated improved total motility, progressive motility, viability, membrane integrity, and mitochondrial activity compared to the other groups after 24 and 48 hours of cooling (P≤0.05). Furthermore, after 24 and 48 hours of storage, 5 mM LC produced less lipid peroxidation (P≤0.05) than the other treatments. Conclusion: In conclusion, reinforcing ram’s cooling storage medium with 5 mM LC protects ram semen samples against cold-induced structural and functional impairment throughout 24- and 48-h storage.","PeriodicalId":14566,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":" 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139392400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.32598/ijvm.18.1.1005312
Alireza Rezaey, S. Alizadeh
Background: Ascites refers to the accumulation of fluids in the abdomen, leading to abdominal enlargement and complications of the peritoneal cavity. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of ultrasonography in identifying the causes of ascites in hybrid dog breeds. Methods: The current retrospective cross-sectional study involved 21 dogs of hybrid breeds (12 males and 9 females) with an Mean±SD age of 6.70±0.49 years and a Mean±SD weight of 24.37±3.65 kg. In a radiology ward, a radiologist examined the dogs by conducting an abdominal cavity ultrasound to diagnose and report the cause of ascites. Notably, the radiologist knew nothing about the history, clinical symptoms, and laboratory findings regarding the dogs. After the definitive cause of ascites was determined, the result was compared with the ultrasonographic diagnosis, calculating its sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. Results: Liver diseases, renal conditions, and malignancies were identified as the most common causes of ascites. Based on the results, ultrasonographic diagnosis revealed the following specifications: 97.8% specificity, 91.1% sensitivity, 94.4% accuracy, 97.8% positive predictive value, and 91.1% negative predictive value. Conclusion: In general, the research results indicate that ultrasonography can serve as a primary tool for diagnosing the early stages of ascites. In a few cases where diagnosis of the underlying cause proves challenging, this method helps reach a subsequent diagnosis, except in cases involving liver and renal complications. Also, ultrasonographic diagnosis gets around invasive techniques such as sampling and laparoscopy, reducing the hospitalization period, hospital costs, and patient stress and also facilitating the medical process.
{"title":"The Efficacy of Ultrasonographi Diagnosis in Assessing Causes of Ascites in Dogs","authors":"Alireza Rezaey, S. Alizadeh","doi":"10.32598/ijvm.18.1.1005312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/ijvm.18.1.1005312","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Ascites refers to the accumulation of fluids in the abdomen, leading to abdominal enlargement and complications of the peritoneal cavity. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of ultrasonography in identifying the causes of ascites in hybrid dog breeds. Methods: The current retrospective cross-sectional study involved 21 dogs of hybrid breeds (12 males and 9 females) with an Mean±SD age of 6.70±0.49 years and a Mean±SD weight of 24.37±3.65 kg. In a radiology ward, a radiologist examined the dogs by conducting an abdominal cavity ultrasound to diagnose and report the cause of ascites. Notably, the radiologist knew nothing about the history, clinical symptoms, and laboratory findings regarding the dogs. After the definitive cause of ascites was determined, the result was compared with the ultrasonographic diagnosis, calculating its sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. Results: Liver diseases, renal conditions, and malignancies were identified as the most common causes of ascites. Based on the results, ultrasonographic diagnosis revealed the following specifications: 97.8% specificity, 91.1% sensitivity, 94.4% accuracy, 97.8% positive predictive value, and 91.1% negative predictive value. Conclusion: In general, the research results indicate that ultrasonography can serve as a primary tool for diagnosing the early stages of ascites. In a few cases where diagnosis of the underlying cause proves challenging, this method helps reach a subsequent diagnosis, except in cases involving liver and renal complications. Also, ultrasonographic diagnosis gets around invasive techniques such as sampling and laparoscopy, reducing the hospitalization period, hospital costs, and patient stress and also facilitating the medical process.","PeriodicalId":14566,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":" 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139393604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.32598/ijvm.18.1.1005352
Saif Al-Jammas, Luma Ibrahim Khalel Al-Allaf, Mohammed Ghassan Saeed
Background: Cytarabine is considered a cornerstone of treating acute leukemia. Xerostomia is among the adverse effects that can dictate treatment cessation or the use of some agents that decrease its cytotoxic effects. Objectives: This study aims to identify the histological effects of cytarabine on the rabbits’ parotid gland and to assess the ameliorating α–tocopherol impact on these effects. Methods: The study rabbits were separated into 4 groups. Group A (control) was given 1 mL of intraperitoneal (IP) injection of normal saline/day for 10 days. Group B received α-tocopherol (800 IU) by gavage for 10 days. Group C received cytarabine (60 mg/kg/d) IP for 10 days. Group D received α-tocopherol (800 IU) by gavage before injection of cytarabine (60 mg/kg) at the same time for 10 days. The rabbits were euthanized, and tissue preparation for analyzing microscopically and immunohistochemically for B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and tumor-necrosis-factor (TNF)-α was achieved. Results: Microscopically, group B’s parotid salivary gland sections revealed increased thickness of connective tissue of the trabeculae, degeneration, and necrosis of serous acini cells with aggregation of inflammatory cells. In contrast to the histopathological alteration of the glands in group C, which is characterized by intact serous acini, intercalated duct, and normal thickness of trabeculae, in the cytarabine group, TNF-α immunohistochemical expression was of grade 3 and in the cytarabine with α-tocopherol group was of grade 1. The Bcl-2 immunohistochemical expression in the cytarabine group was of grade 0, and in the cytarabine with α-tocopherol group was of grade 1. Conclusion: α-Tocopherol decreases cytarabine toxicity in the rabbits’ parotid salivary glands.
{"title":"Attenuating Effects of α-tocopherol on Cytarabine-Induced Toxicity in Parotid Salivary Gland of Rabbits: A Histological and Immunohistochemical Study","authors":"Saif Al-Jammas, Luma Ibrahim Khalel Al-Allaf, Mohammed Ghassan Saeed","doi":"10.32598/ijvm.18.1.1005352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/ijvm.18.1.1005352","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Cytarabine is considered a cornerstone of treating acute leukemia. Xerostomia is among the adverse effects that can dictate treatment cessation or the use of some agents that decrease its cytotoxic effects. Objectives: This study aims to identify the histological effects of cytarabine on the rabbits’ parotid gland and to assess the ameliorating α–tocopherol impact on these effects. Methods: The study rabbits were separated into 4 groups. Group A (control) was given 1 mL of intraperitoneal (IP) injection of normal saline/day for 10 days. Group B received α-tocopherol (800 IU) by gavage for 10 days. Group C received cytarabine (60 mg/kg/d) IP for 10 days. Group D received α-tocopherol (800 IU) by gavage before injection of cytarabine (60 mg/kg) at the same time for 10 days. The rabbits were euthanized, and tissue preparation for analyzing microscopically and immunohistochemically for B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) and tumor-necrosis-factor (TNF)-α was achieved. Results: Microscopically, group B’s parotid salivary gland sections revealed increased thickness of connective tissue of the trabeculae, degeneration, and necrosis of serous acini cells with aggregation of inflammatory cells. In contrast to the histopathological alteration of the glands in group C, which is characterized by intact serous acini, intercalated duct, and normal thickness of trabeculae, in the cytarabine group, TNF-α immunohistochemical expression was of grade 3 and in the cytarabine with α-tocopherol group was of grade 1. The Bcl-2 immunohistochemical expression in the cytarabine group was of grade 0, and in the cytarabine with α-tocopherol group was of grade 1. Conclusion: α-Tocopherol decreases cytarabine toxicity in the rabbits’ parotid salivary glands.","PeriodicalId":14566,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":" 47","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139392468","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.32598/ijvm.18.1.10045433
Muhammet Alperen Fidan, Z. Özüdoğru, R. Ilgün
Background: In this study, cadavers of 5 adult Aksaray Malakli breed dogs were used to examine the structure of the lumbosacral plexus, which provides innervation of the hindlimb and pelvic region. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the nerve root composition of the lumbosacral plexus, determine the branching patterns, map the nerve directions macro-anatomically, and collect data for future comparisons with similar breeds. Methods: The corpses were kept in a formaldehyde pool (10%) for 14 days. After this period, the anatomical area was dissected using appropriate techniques to identify the lumbosacral plexus nerves and roots. The course and origin of the nerves forming the plexus were identified and photographed. Results: In all 5 cadavers, the lumbosacral plexus originated from the L4-S3 nerves. The plexus comprised n. ischiadicus, n. tibialis, n. obturatorius, n. femoralis, n. saphenous, n. pelvini, n. pudendus, n. cutaneus femoris caudalis, n. peroneus communis, and n. gluteus caudalis. Conclusion: It was determined that n. femoralis was formed from the ventral branches of the L4 and L5 nerves and the cranial branch of the L6 nerve. N. obturatorius originated from the caudal branch of L5 and the ventral branch of L6. It was determined that n. ischiadicus originated from the L6 caudal, L7 and ventral branch of S1 nerves. The femur branched into n. tibialis and n. peroneus communis (n. fibularis) at the level of extremitas distalis.
{"title":"Macro-anatomical Investigations on the Plexus Lumbosacralis of the Aksaray Malakli Dog","authors":"Muhammet Alperen Fidan, Z. Özüdoğru, R. Ilgün","doi":"10.32598/ijvm.18.1.10045433","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/ijvm.18.1.10045433","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In this study, cadavers of 5 adult Aksaray Malakli breed dogs were used to examine the structure of the lumbosacral plexus, which provides innervation of the hindlimb and pelvic region. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the nerve root composition of the lumbosacral plexus, determine the branching patterns, map the nerve directions macro-anatomically, and collect data for future comparisons with similar breeds. Methods: The corpses were kept in a formaldehyde pool (10%) for 14 days. After this period, the anatomical area was dissected using appropriate techniques to identify the lumbosacral plexus nerves and roots. The course and origin of the nerves forming the plexus were identified and photographed. Results: In all 5 cadavers, the lumbosacral plexus originated from the L4-S3 nerves. The plexus comprised n. ischiadicus, n. tibialis, n. obturatorius, n. femoralis, n. saphenous, n. pelvini, n. pudendus, n. cutaneus femoris caudalis, n. peroneus communis, and n. gluteus caudalis. Conclusion: It was determined that n. femoralis was formed from the ventral branches of the L4 and L5 nerves and the cranial branch of the L6 nerve. N. obturatorius originated from the caudal branch of L5 and the ventral branch of L6. It was determined that n. ischiadicus originated from the L6 caudal, L7 and ventral branch of S1 nerves. The femur branched into n. tibialis and n. peroneus communis (n. fibularis) at the level of extremitas distalis.","PeriodicalId":14566,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":" 65","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139392366","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Aeromonas species is one of the most important causes of diseases in Clarias gariepinus, a public health threat with significant economic losses. Objectives: In this research, the prevalence and variety of Aeromonas species isolated from C. gariepinus cultured in an earthen pond were investigated, as well as the antibiogram and multiple antibiotic resistance index Methods: Aeromonas species were isolated by culture and biochemical test and confirmed using a Microbact 24E kit. The antibiotic susceptibility to 10 antibiotics was determined using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Results: Aeromonas species were isolated with a prevalence of 43.1% with 4 different phenospecies with the highest prevalence of 46(24 %) for Aeromonas hydrophila followed by 15(7.8%) for Aeromonas caviae, then 10(5.2%) for Aeromonas veronii sobria, and the least was observed for Aeromonas veronii veronii 6(3.1%). The Aeromonas species showed high resistance to amoxicillin, ampicillin, colistin sulfate, oxytetracycline, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and penicillin, with varying resistant patterns, and the multiple antibiotic resistance index values ranged between 0.20 and 0.80. Conclusion: There was a diversity of Aeromonas species associated with multiple antibiotic-resistant leading to the wide spread of antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, there is a need to control the use of antibiotics and ensure the effective use of biosecurity and preventive management measures in fish farms.
{"title":"Diversity of Antibiotic-resistant of Tentative Motile Aeromonas Species Isolated From Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822) Cultured in Earthen Ponds","authors":"Deborah Arimie Adah, Lawal Saidu, Sonnie Joshua Oniye, Moshood Abiola Raji, Oluwafemi Babatunde Daodu, Adakole Sylvanus Adah","doi":"10.32598/ijvm.18.1.1005326","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/ijvm.18.1.1005326","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Aeromonas species is one of the most important causes of diseases in Clarias gariepinus, a public health threat with significant economic losses. Objectives: In this research, the prevalence and variety of Aeromonas species isolated from C. gariepinus cultured in an earthen pond were investigated, as well as the antibiogram and multiple antibiotic resistance index Methods: Aeromonas species were isolated by culture and biochemical test and confirmed using a Microbact 24E kit. The antibiotic susceptibility to 10 antibiotics was determined using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Results: Aeromonas species were isolated with a prevalence of 43.1% with 4 different phenospecies with the highest prevalence of 46(24 %) for Aeromonas hydrophila followed by 15(7.8%) for Aeromonas caviae, then 10(5.2%) for Aeromonas veronii sobria, and the least was observed for Aeromonas veronii veronii 6(3.1%). The Aeromonas species showed high resistance to amoxicillin, ampicillin, colistin sulfate, oxytetracycline, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and penicillin, with varying resistant patterns, and the multiple antibiotic resistance index values ranged between 0.20 and 0.80. Conclusion: There was a diversity of Aeromonas species associated with multiple antibiotic-resistant leading to the wide spread of antimicrobial resistance. Therefore, there is a need to control the use of antibiotics and ensure the effective use of biosecurity and preventive management measures in fish farms.","PeriodicalId":14566,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":"2 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139394342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.32598/ijvm.17.4.1005231
Mohammad Babaei, Morteza Yavari, Seyed Masoud Zolhavarieh, Ali Kalantari Hesari
Agnathia is one of the first pharyngeal arch deformities referred to as mandibular abnormality. This case report aimed to describe an unusual form of agnathia-otocephaly in a Mehraban ewe-lamb accompanied by other malformations. The scrutiny of the lamb’s face indicated a chain of abnormalities in the head region. Lack of mandible, lips, rima oris, oral cavity, tongue, and teeth were recognized. Eyes and ear lobes were normal, but the base of the pinnae met each other ventral to the atlantooccipital joint and formed a single external acoustic meatus there. The nostrils were normally formed, but the philtrum was not formed due to the lack of lips, especially the upper lip. The hyoid apparatus was normally developed. The laryngopharynx had no connection with the nasopharynx and dead end. Also, the nasal cavities ended blindly because of rinopharyngeal aplasia and no choanal foramen. So, the abnormal pharyngeal region caused a non-functional respiratory system followed by death.
{"title":"A Case History of Gross and Radiological Observations of Agnathia: Otocephaly in a Mehraban Ewe-lamb","authors":"Mohammad Babaei, Morteza Yavari, Seyed Masoud Zolhavarieh, Ali Kalantari Hesari","doi":"10.32598/ijvm.17.4.1005231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/ijvm.17.4.1005231","url":null,"abstract":"Agnathia is one of the first pharyngeal arch deformities referred to as mandibular abnormality. This case report aimed to describe an unusual form of agnathia-otocephaly in a Mehraban ewe-lamb accompanied by other malformations. The scrutiny of the lamb’s face indicated a chain of abnormalities in the head region. Lack of mandible, lips, rima oris, oral cavity, tongue, and teeth were recognized. Eyes and ear lobes were normal, but the base of the pinnae met each other ventral to the atlantooccipital joint and formed a single external acoustic meatus there. The nostrils were normally formed, but the philtrum was not formed due to the lack of lips, especially the upper lip. The hyoid apparatus was normally developed. The laryngopharynx had no connection with the nasopharynx and dead end. Also, the nasal cavities ended blindly because of rinopharyngeal aplasia and no choanal foramen. So, the abnormal pharyngeal region caused a non-functional respiratory system followed by death.","PeriodicalId":14566,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134936089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-01DOI: 10.32598/ijvm.17.4.1005368
Antora Akter, Sabuj Rahman, Abu Hanif, Marzia Rahman, Nasrin Sultana Juyena, Mahmudul Alam
Background: Septic arthritis affects ruminant welfare because, if left untreated, it can cause chronic pain and limit the mobility of affected joints. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the clinical and pathological changes in arthritic bovine calves. Methods: The study was conducted on 12 calves with swollen knees or carpal joints. All calves were evaluated through clinical, radiographic, and ultrasonographic examination. Peripheral blood was aspirated from each to assess hematobiochemical changes. Synovial fluid and infected swab samples were subjected to bacteriological analysis, and a synovial biopsy was taken for histological examination. Results: Ultrasound revealed inflammatory effusions with various echogenicity in the afflicted joint capsule, while radiography showed remarkable swelling of joints and surrounding structures and the development of new bone. Regarding hematological variables, the value of total erythrocyte count, total leukocyte count, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate significantly (P<0.05) increased in septic arthritic calves compared to healthy calves. In the arthritis group, the serum concentration of alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, and aspartate aminotransferase was considerably (P<0.05) higher than in healthy calves. The total protein and urea values were significantly (P<0.05) decreased in calves with infected arthritis. From the synovial fluid and purulent discharge of the joints, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were isolated. Histopathology of synovial tissue revealed chronic suppurative inflammation with intense hyperplasia of joint synovium. Conclusion: The results of this study may aid veterinarians in effectively diagnosing and treating septic arthritis in calves.
{"title":"Clinicopathological Evaluation of Naturally Occurring Septic Arthritis in the Bovine Calves","authors":"Antora Akter, Sabuj Rahman, Abu Hanif, Marzia Rahman, Nasrin Sultana Juyena, Mahmudul Alam","doi":"10.32598/ijvm.17.4.1005368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/ijvm.17.4.1005368","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Septic arthritis affects ruminant welfare because, if left untreated, it can cause chronic pain and limit the mobility of affected joints. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the clinical and pathological changes in arthritic bovine calves. Methods: The study was conducted on 12 calves with swollen knees or carpal joints. All calves were evaluated through clinical, radiographic, and ultrasonographic examination. Peripheral blood was aspirated from each to assess hematobiochemical changes. Synovial fluid and infected swab samples were subjected to bacteriological analysis, and a synovial biopsy was taken for histological examination. Results: Ultrasound revealed inflammatory effusions with various echogenicity in the afflicted joint capsule, while radiography showed remarkable swelling of joints and surrounding structures and the development of new bone. Regarding hematological variables, the value of total erythrocyte count, total leukocyte count, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate significantly (P<0.05) increased in septic arthritic calves compared to healthy calves. In the arthritis group, the serum concentration of alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, and aspartate aminotransferase was considerably (P<0.05) higher than in healthy calves. The total protein and urea values were significantly (P<0.05) decreased in calves with infected arthritis. From the synovial fluid and purulent discharge of the joints, Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were isolated. Histopathology of synovial tissue revealed chronic suppurative inflammation with intense hyperplasia of joint synovium. Conclusion: The results of this study may aid veterinarians in effectively diagnosing and treating septic arthritis in calves.","PeriodicalId":14566,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134936100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK or “pink eye”) is the most common infectious ocular disease in cattle worldwide. In addition to Moraxella bovis as the principal causative agent, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (BHV-1) and Mycoplasma species probably act as risk factors for IBK. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the association between the detection of Mycoplasma sp., bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1), and bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) in the conjunctival sac of the eye and IBK. Methods: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was employed to detect Mycoplasma sp., BHV-1, and BVDV in samples collected from IBK-affected and healthy eyes. Results: Based on the PCR results, Mycoplasma sp. was detected in 63.6% and 47.2% of IBK-affected and healthy eyes, respectively. BHV-1 was detected in 59.1% and 36.1% of affected and healthy eyes, respectively. BVDV was detected in 65.9% and 58.3% of affected and healthy eyes, respectively. BHV-1 was the only agent significantly (P<0.05) associated with IBK lesions (isolated from 59.1% of affected vs 36.1% of healthy eyes). Conclusion: Based on the study results, BHV-1 may be a risk factor in the pathogenesis of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis, and mechanisms other than immune depression might be involved in its pathogenicity.
{"title":"A Study on Mycoplasmal and Viral Infections in Bovine Keratoconjunctivitis","authors":"Parham Mottaghian, Afshin Raoofi, Omid Madadgar, Arya Badiei, Iradj Ashrafi Tamai","doi":"10.32598/ijvm.17.4.1005282","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/ijvm.17.4.1005282","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis (IBK or “pink eye”) is the most common infectious ocular disease in cattle worldwide. In addition to Moraxella bovis as the principal causative agent, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (BHV-1) and Mycoplasma species probably act as risk factors for IBK. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the association between the detection of Mycoplasma sp., bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1), and bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) in the conjunctival sac of the eye and IBK. Methods: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was employed to detect Mycoplasma sp., BHV-1, and BVDV in samples collected from IBK-affected and healthy eyes. Results: Based on the PCR results, Mycoplasma sp. was detected in 63.6% and 47.2% of IBK-affected and healthy eyes, respectively. BHV-1 was detected in 59.1% and 36.1% of affected and healthy eyes, respectively. BVDV was detected in 65.9% and 58.3% of affected and healthy eyes, respectively. BHV-1 was the only agent significantly (P<0.05) associated with IBK lesions (isolated from 59.1% of affected vs 36.1% of healthy eyes). Conclusion: Based on the study results, BHV-1 may be a risk factor in the pathogenesis of infectious bovine keratoconjunctivitis, and mechanisms other than immune depression might be involved in its pathogenicity.","PeriodicalId":14566,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134935994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Although sperm cryopreservation seems to be an efficient technique for distributing competent sperm for artificial insemination, the process affects the quality of post-thawed sperm. Objectives: This study was designed to see how the novel mitochondria-targeted antioxidant “Mito-TEMPO” affected buck sperm quality during cryopreservation. Methods: After proper semen samples collection, they were diluted and divided into 5 equal groups and cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen with 0, 1, 10, 100, and 1000 µM Mito-TEMPO. Sperm motility, lipid peroxidation, abnormal morphology, acrosome integrity, membrane integrity, and viability were all evaluated after thawing. Results: When the freezing extender was supplemented with 10 µM Mito-TEMPO, total motility, progressive motility, membrane integrity, acrosome integrity, and viability increased (P≤0.05), while lipid peroxidation decreased (P≤0.05). Conclusion: Finally, the novel mitochondria-targeted antioxidant “Mito-TEMPO” could be introduced as an effective cryo-additive to improve buck semen quality parameters during cryopreservation.
{"title":"Effect of Mito-TEMPO on Post-thawed Semen Quality in Goats","authors":"Hoda Javaheri Barfourooshi, Saeid Esmaeilkhanian, Navid Dadashpour Davachi, Nader Asadzadeh, Reza Masoudi","doi":"10.32598/ijvm.17.4.1005346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/ijvm.17.4.1005346","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Although sperm cryopreservation seems to be an efficient technique for distributing competent sperm for artificial insemination, the process affects the quality of post-thawed sperm. Objectives: This study was designed to see how the novel mitochondria-targeted antioxidant “Mito-TEMPO” affected buck sperm quality during cryopreservation. Methods: After proper semen samples collection, they were diluted and divided into 5 equal groups and cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen with 0, 1, 10, 100, and 1000 µM Mito-TEMPO. Sperm motility, lipid peroxidation, abnormal morphology, acrosome integrity, membrane integrity, and viability were all evaluated after thawing. Results: When the freezing extender was supplemented with 10 µM Mito-TEMPO, total motility, progressive motility, membrane integrity, acrosome integrity, and viability increased (P≤0.05), while lipid peroxidation decreased (P≤0.05). Conclusion: Finally, the novel mitochondria-targeted antioxidant “Mito-TEMPO” could be introduced as an effective cryo-additive to improve buck semen quality parameters during cryopreservation.","PeriodicalId":14566,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134934517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The immune system of the dromedary has remained a subject that has not been extensively researched in immunology. Researchers in morphology and immunology have long sought to delve into the structure and function of the dromedary’s immune system to gain a deeper understanding of its mechanisms and potential applications in human and animal health. Objectives: This study aims to elucidate the histological architecture and cellular composition of the lymph nodes in the indigenous dromedary breed of the El Oued region in Algeria and to compare the results with those of prior investigations of lymph node structures in other mammalian species. Methods: Hematoxylin, eosin stain, and Masson’s trichrome stain techniques were used for histological analysis. In contrast, methylene blue, eosin, and May-Grünwald Giemsa staining techniques were used for cytological analysis. The study data were collected and analyzed using qualitative and quantitative methods to identify the histological and cellular features of the lymph nodes. Results: Our study revealed that the lymphatic follicles in the dromedary’s lymph nodes have a higher concentration of lymphocytes within the follicles’ germinal center than other species. The lymph nodes were observed to be divided into conglomerates. The cytological study showed that the major cellular population consisted of lymphocytes, followed by macrophages and reticulocytes according to the localization and the functional zone. Conclusion: The study provided novel insights into the architecture and cellular composition of the lymph nodes of dromedaries, distinct from those of other species. These findings may have implications for the understanding and treatment of immune-related conditions in dromedaries.
{"title":"Gross Anatomical, Histological, and Cytological Study of the One-humped Camel (Camelus dromedarius) Lymph Nodes in Southeastern Algeria","authors":"Mohamed Amine Fares, Tarek Khenenou, Djallal Eddine Rahmoun, Hemida Houari","doi":"10.32598/ijvm.17.4.202301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.32598/ijvm.17.4.202301","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The immune system of the dromedary has remained a subject that has not been extensively researched in immunology. Researchers in morphology and immunology have long sought to delve into the structure and function of the dromedary’s immune system to gain a deeper understanding of its mechanisms and potential applications in human and animal health. Objectives: This study aims to elucidate the histological architecture and cellular composition of the lymph nodes in the indigenous dromedary breed of the El Oued region in Algeria and to compare the results with those of prior investigations of lymph node structures in other mammalian species. Methods: Hematoxylin, eosin stain, and Masson’s trichrome stain techniques were used for histological analysis. In contrast, methylene blue, eosin, and May-Grünwald Giemsa staining techniques were used for cytological analysis. The study data were collected and analyzed using qualitative and quantitative methods to identify the histological and cellular features of the lymph nodes. Results: Our study revealed that the lymphatic follicles in the dromedary’s lymph nodes have a higher concentration of lymphocytes within the follicles’ germinal center than other species. The lymph nodes were observed to be divided into conglomerates. The cytological study showed that the major cellular population consisted of lymphocytes, followed by macrophages and reticulocytes according to the localization and the functional zone. Conclusion: The study provided novel insights into the architecture and cellular composition of the lymph nodes of dromedaries, distinct from those of other species. These findings may have implications for the understanding and treatment of immune-related conditions in dromedaries.","PeriodicalId":14566,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134936006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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