Pub Date : 2021-08-02DOI: 10.22059/IJVM.2020.309538.1005125
M. J. M. Makiabadi, V. Akbarinejad, F. Heidari, F. Gharagozlou, M. Vojgani
BACKGROUND: Previous studies have indicated negative association of anogenital distance (AGD) with fertility in dairy cows; however, the mechanism of inverse relationship is not completely understood. In this regard, postpartum uterine infections and their corresponding risk factors could diminish fertility of cows, yet there has been no research exploring the relationship between AGD and postpartum disorders. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between AGD and postpartum reproductive performance in dairy cows. METHODS: AGD of Holstein dairy cows of a commercial dairy herd (n = 290) was measured at the first postpartum examination (days 28 to 32 postpartum) in millimeter. Cows were classified into three categories based on AGD length, including short anogenital distance (20% of cows with lowest values), intermediate anogenital distance (60% of cows with moderate values) and long AGD (20% of cows with highest values). Additionally, data of postpartum reproductive variables were retrieved form herd database. Dara were analysed using SAS software version 9.4.RESULTS: Rate of dystocia, twinning, retention of fetal membranes, puerperal metritis and clinical endometritis, calf birth weight and days to first service did not differ among the various AGD categories (P > 0.05). However, proportion of male offspring was lower in short AGD cows than intermediate and long AGD cows (P < 0.05). Furthermore, first service conception rate was greater in intermediate anogenital distance group than short and long anogenital distance groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, the present study showed suboptimal first postpartum conception rate in cows with minimal and maximal length of anogenital distance and indicated that this inferior fertility was not mediated through alteration in rate of postpartum reproductive disorders.
{"title":"Greater Reproductive Performance in Holstein Dairy Cows with Moderate Length of Anogenital Distance at First Service Postpartum","authors":"M. J. M. Makiabadi, V. Akbarinejad, F. Heidari, F. Gharagozlou, M. Vojgani","doi":"10.22059/IJVM.2020.309538.1005125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/IJVM.2020.309538.1005125","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Previous studies have indicated negative association of anogenital distance (AGD) with fertility in dairy cows; however, the mechanism of inverse relationship is not completely understood. In this regard, postpartum uterine infections and their corresponding risk factors could diminish fertility of cows, yet there has been no research exploring the relationship between AGD and postpartum disorders. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between AGD and postpartum reproductive performance in dairy cows. METHODS: AGD of Holstein dairy cows of a commercial dairy herd (n = 290) was measured at the first postpartum examination (days 28 to 32 postpartum) in millimeter. Cows were classified into three categories based on AGD length, including short anogenital distance (20% of cows with lowest values), intermediate anogenital distance (60% of cows with moderate values) and long AGD (20% of cows with highest values). Additionally, data of postpartum reproductive variables were retrieved form herd database. Dara were analysed using SAS software version 9.4.RESULTS: Rate of dystocia, twinning, retention of fetal membranes, puerperal metritis and clinical endometritis, calf birth weight and days to first service did not differ among the various AGD categories (P > 0.05). However, proportion of male offspring was lower in short AGD cows than intermediate and long AGD cows (P < 0.05). Furthermore, first service conception rate was greater in intermediate anogenital distance group than short and long anogenital distance groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, the present study showed suboptimal first postpartum conception rate in cows with minimal and maximal length of anogenital distance and indicated that this inferior fertility was not mediated through alteration in rate of postpartum reproductive disorders.","PeriodicalId":14566,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44405516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-02DOI: 10.22059/IJVM.2021.323994.1005174
Saeid Foroutan, M. Eslampour, M. Emaneini, F. Jabalameli, G. Akbari
Background Staphylococcus aureus is the common mastitis pathogen. This pathogen has the tendency to biofilm forming, and happens antibiotic resistance. ObjectivesThe aim of this study is characterization of biofilm formation ability, virulence factors and antibiotic resistance pattern of S. aureus isolates from subclinical mastitis.MethodsThe lactating dairy cows were screened for subclinical mastitis. The isolates were identified by phenotypic method and presence of the nuc gene. The biofilm forming & quantification was characterized by using a colorimetric assay. The S. aureus biofilm gene targeted by using PCR detection. The antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates was performed by using DAD method. The lowest antimicrobial agent preventing visible growth was construed by MIC50. Antibiotic susceptibility and MBECs for bacteria embedded in biofilms were determined by XTT method.ResultThe results highest resistance rate was seen against Penicillin, and the Ceftiofur and Ciprofloxacin had the lowest resistance rate. The MIC50 of Ceftiofur was founded 2 μg/ml. The results showed the 100% of the isolates were biofilm producers, and most of them formed strong biofilms. The frequency of icaAD, fnbAB and bap as virulence genes encoding biofilm was identified. The icaD and fnbB genes had the highest and lowest frequencies, respectively. The MBEC results for bacterial biofilm showed resistant to Ceftiofur in biofilm state; however, these strains were susceptible to this agent in the planktonic state.ConclusionsBiofilm formation is a significant virulence factor that, were detected at a high rate and antibiotic-resistant, and responsible for subclinical bovine mastitis that does not respond to routine treatments. Based on this results, we should look for more appropriate treatment strategies to prevent the formation or dispersion of biofilms.
{"title":"Characterization of Biofilm Formation Ability, Virulence Factors and Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Subclinical Bovine Mastitis","authors":"Saeid Foroutan, M. Eslampour, M. Emaneini, F. Jabalameli, G. Akbari","doi":"10.22059/IJVM.2021.323994.1005174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/IJVM.2021.323994.1005174","url":null,"abstract":"Background Staphylococcus aureus is the common mastitis pathogen. This pathogen has the tendency to biofilm forming, and happens antibiotic resistance. ObjectivesThe aim of this study is characterization of biofilm formation ability, virulence factors and antibiotic resistance pattern of S. aureus isolates from subclinical mastitis.MethodsThe lactating dairy cows were screened for subclinical mastitis. The isolates were identified by phenotypic method and presence of the nuc gene. The biofilm forming & quantification was characterized by using a colorimetric assay. The S. aureus biofilm gene targeted by using PCR detection. The antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates was performed by using DAD method. The lowest antimicrobial agent preventing visible growth was construed by MIC50. Antibiotic susceptibility and MBECs for bacteria embedded in biofilms were determined by XTT method.ResultThe results highest resistance rate was seen against Penicillin, and the Ceftiofur and Ciprofloxacin had the lowest resistance rate. The MIC50 of Ceftiofur was founded 2 μg/ml. The results showed the 100% of the isolates were biofilm producers, and most of them formed strong biofilms. The frequency of icaAD, fnbAB and bap as virulence genes encoding biofilm was identified. The icaD and fnbB genes had the highest and lowest frequencies, respectively. The MBEC results for bacterial biofilm showed resistant to Ceftiofur in biofilm state; however, these strains were susceptible to this agent in the planktonic state.ConclusionsBiofilm formation is a significant virulence factor that, were detected at a high rate and antibiotic-resistant, and responsible for subclinical bovine mastitis that does not respond to routine treatments. Based on this results, we should look for more appropriate treatment strategies to prevent the formation or dispersion of biofilms.","PeriodicalId":14566,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46834038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-02DOI: 10.22059/IJVM.2021.310042.1005129
Somayeh Abbasi, S. Salari, A. Rashki, M. Najimi
Background: Blue Open Reading (bor) and increased serum survival (iss) genes, with intense structural and possible functional similarities, engage in the serum resistance of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli O78 (APEC-O78). Objectives: This research aimed to determine whether there is a correlation between the transcriptional level of bor and iss of APEC-O78 inoculated in serum. Methods: Total RNA was extracted 24, 28, and 32 hrs after the inoculation of an APEC-O78 isolate, χ1378, to chicken serum. The fluorescence intensities related to the bands of gel electrophoresis of bor and iss were computed after cDNA synthesis and reverse transcription -PCR reaction assay. Using Pearson’s partial correlation tests, the relationship between the transcriptional levels of bor and iss, and the influence of the selected time points on the possible relationship were respectively measured at p <0.05 for statistical significance. Results: A correlation was observed between the transcription levels of bor and iss (P=.012), which was not influenced by the selected time points (P=.001). Conclusions: The bor must be carefully weighed in the transcriptional analysis including iss and vice versa. The number of transcripts/alleles, upstream sequence, regulation process at the pre-transcriptional phase, and the location of bor and iss in χ1378, and taking samples from different time intervals may explain our result. Our findings emphasizes the multifactorial and complex mechanism of APEC-O78 serum resistance, and can lay the foundation for further studies on the transcription of bor and iss, particularly in the specific strain and the three time points.
背景:Blue Open Reading (bor)和增高的血清存活(iss)基因具有强烈的结构相似性和可能的功能相似性，参与禽致病性大肠杆菌O78 (APEC-O78)的血清耐药。目的:本研究旨在确定接种APEC-O78血清中bor转录水平与iss是否存在相关性。方法:取APEC-O78分离物接种鸡血清后24、28、32 h提取总RNA， χ1378。通过cDNA合成和反转录-PCR反应测定，计算bor和iss凝胶电泳相关条带的荧光强度。采用Pearson偏相关检验，分别测定bor和iss转录水平之间的关系，以及所选时间点对可能关系的影响，p <0.05有统计学意义。结果:bor和iss的转录水平之间存在相关性(P= 0.012)，且不受选择时间点的影响(P= 0.001)。结论:在包括iss在内的转录分析中，必须仔细权衡bor，反之亦然。转录本/等位基因的数量、上游序列、转录前阶段的调控过程、bor和iss的位置(χ1378)以及不同时间间隔的采样可以解释我们的结果。我们的研究结果强调了APEC-O78血清耐药的多因素和复杂机制，为进一步研究bor和iss的转录，特别是在特定菌株和三个时间点上的转录奠定了基础。
{"title":"Correlation between the Transcriptional Level of iss and bor Virulence Genes of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia Coli O78 Inoculated to Chicken Serum","authors":"Somayeh Abbasi, S. Salari, A. Rashki, M. Najimi","doi":"10.22059/IJVM.2021.310042.1005129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/IJVM.2021.310042.1005129","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Blue Open Reading (bor) and increased serum survival (iss) genes, with intense structural and possible functional similarities, engage in the serum resistance of Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli O78 (APEC-O78). Objectives: This research aimed to determine whether there is a correlation between the transcriptional level of bor and iss of APEC-O78 inoculated in serum. Methods: Total RNA was extracted 24, 28, and 32 hrs after the inoculation of an APEC-O78 isolate, χ1378, to chicken serum. The fluorescence intensities related to the bands of gel electrophoresis of bor and iss were computed after cDNA synthesis and reverse transcription -PCR reaction assay. Using Pearson’s partial correlation tests, the relationship between the transcriptional levels of bor and iss, and the influence of the selected time points on the possible relationship were respectively measured at p <0.05 for statistical significance. Results: A correlation was observed between the transcription levels of bor and iss (P=.012), which was not influenced by the selected time points (P=.001). Conclusions: The bor must be carefully weighed in the transcriptional analysis including iss and vice versa. The number of transcripts/alleles, upstream sequence, regulation process at the pre-transcriptional phase, and the location of bor and iss in χ1378, and taking samples from different time intervals may explain our result. Our findings emphasizes the multifactorial and complex mechanism of APEC-O78 serum resistance, and can lay the foundation for further studies on the transcription of bor and iss, particularly in the specific strain and the three time points.","PeriodicalId":14566,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44387304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-02DOI: 10.22059/IJVM.2020.313626.1005141
Hamid Pourbaba, A. Anvar, R. Pourahmad, H. Ahari
BACKGROUND: Kefir is a fermented milk product containing some beneficial anticarcinogenic organic compounds with nutritional benefits made it one of the natural dairy beverage extensively consumes. OBJECTIVES: The present study was conducted to assess the effect of two selective probiotics on the values of acidic criteria and probiotic survival in the kefir produced in this study.METHODS: In the first step, the cow milk, which preheated at 90 oC for 5 min, was inoculated with the commercial starter and divided in two groups. They complemented with L. acidophilus LA-5 and L. paracasei 431 and incubated at 30 oC for 6 h. They were then preserved at refrigerated temperature up to 14 d and sampling was carried out to evaluate the changes of values of organic acids (lactic acid and acetic acid), pH, titratable acidity and survival of probiotic complemented bacteria on 1th, 7th, and 14 d. RESULTS: The pH values of L. acidophilus LA-5 and L. paracasei 431were 4.34 and 4.36 at the beginning of cold storage and reached 4.27 and 4.31 in the day of 14. The acidity of L. acidophilus LA-5 complemented kefir on the 1st day was 0.80 g/100 g greater than L. paracasei 431one showed 0.72 g/100 g. Lactic acid was ranging from 1.57 to 2.40 g/100 mL (from 1st to 14th day) or 2.17 to 2.42 g/100 mL, while kefirs respectively complemented to L. acidophilus and L. paracasei 431. In the kefirs complemented with L. acidophilus and L. paracasei 431, respectively acetic acid was stable during 14 d (from 0.11 to 0.13 g/100 mL) but increased in the later kefir (from 0.11 to 0.23 g/100 mL). The survival of both bacteria was greater than 7 log CFU/g in the kefir.CONCLUSIONS: Adding the L. acidophilus LA-5 and L. paracacei 431 can moderate the acidity of the kefir and extend the survival of complementary probiotics at a standard level during two weeks of cold preservation.
{"title":"Changes on Acidic parameters and probiotic survival in the kefir using Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus paracasei complementary probiotics during cold preservation","authors":"Hamid Pourbaba, A. Anvar, R. Pourahmad, H. Ahari","doi":"10.22059/IJVM.2020.313626.1005141","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/IJVM.2020.313626.1005141","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: Kefir is a fermented milk product containing some beneficial anticarcinogenic organic compounds with nutritional benefits made it one of the natural dairy beverage extensively consumes. OBJECTIVES: The present study was conducted to assess the effect of two selective probiotics on the values of acidic criteria and probiotic survival in the kefir produced in this study.METHODS: In the first step, the cow milk, which preheated at 90 oC for 5 min, was inoculated with the commercial starter and divided in two groups. They complemented with L. acidophilus LA-5 and L. paracasei 431 and incubated at 30 oC for 6 h. They were then preserved at refrigerated temperature up to 14 d and sampling was carried out to evaluate the changes of values of organic acids (lactic acid and acetic acid), pH, titratable acidity and survival of probiotic complemented bacteria on 1th, 7th, and 14 d. RESULTS: The pH values of L. acidophilus LA-5 and L. paracasei 431were 4.34 and 4.36 at the beginning of cold storage and reached 4.27 and 4.31 in the day of 14. The acidity of L. acidophilus LA-5 complemented kefir on the 1st day was 0.80 g/100 g greater than L. paracasei 431one showed 0.72 g/100 g. Lactic acid was ranging from 1.57 to 2.40 g/100 mL (from 1st to 14th day) or 2.17 to 2.42 g/100 mL, while kefirs respectively complemented to L. acidophilus and L. paracasei 431. In the kefirs complemented with L. acidophilus and L. paracasei 431, respectively acetic acid was stable during 14 d (from 0.11 to 0.13 g/100 mL) but increased in the later kefir (from 0.11 to 0.23 g/100 mL). The survival of both bacteria was greater than 7 log CFU/g in the kefir.CONCLUSIONS: Adding the L. acidophilus LA-5 and L. paracacei 431 can moderate the acidity of the kefir and extend the survival of complementary probiotics at a standard level during two weeks of cold preservation.","PeriodicalId":14566,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42808527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-02DOI: 10.22059/IJVM.2020.299996.1005073
S. M. Peighambari, A. Yazdani, Hanie Taheri, F. Shahcheraghi
Backgrounds: Salmonella is known as one of the most important bacterial agents infecting both humans and animals. Salmonella Infantis has been reported as one of the 15 most prevalent serovars all over the world. Despite, its clinical importance, there is a paucity of information on the molecular characteristics of Salmonella Infantis in Iran. Objectives: This study was conducted to characterize Salmonella Infantis isolates collected from poultry sources in last decade by plasmid profile and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC–PCR). Methods: Forty Salmonella Infantis isolates from poultry sources were subjected to plasmid profile and ERIC–PCR characterization. A commercial plasmid extraction kit was used to extract and purify plasmid DNA which then were separated by gel electrophoresis and viewed under an UV transilluminator. For ERIC–PCR, a commercial bacterial chromosomal DNA extraction kit was used. ERIC2 primer was chosen for ERIC-PCR test in this study. Results: Plasmid profile showed that 35% of isolates did not contain any plasmids but the rest of isolates (65%) carried variable number of plasmids with different molecular weight. Six plasmid profiles were found among 40 Salmonella Infantis isolates. Using ERIC2 primer, seven profiles were found among 40 Salmonella Infantis isolates in ERIC-PCR. Bands with molecular weights ranging from 400 to 3000 bp were observed.Conclusions: This study provided some genetic data on Salmonella Infantis isolates recovered from poultry sources and these data can be used for a broader epidemiological study nationwide. These findings showed that both plasmid- and ERIC profiles are valuable in epidemiological studies but also have some limitations.
{"title":"Plasmid Profile and ERIC–PCR Characterization of Salmonella Infantis Isolates Recovered from Poultry Sources","authors":"S. M. Peighambari, A. Yazdani, Hanie Taheri, F. Shahcheraghi","doi":"10.22059/IJVM.2020.299996.1005073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/IJVM.2020.299996.1005073","url":null,"abstract":"Backgrounds: Salmonella is known as one of the most important bacterial agents infecting both humans and animals. Salmonella Infantis has been reported as one of the 15 most prevalent serovars all over the world. Despite, its clinical importance, there is a paucity of information on the molecular characteristics of Salmonella Infantis in Iran. Objectives: This study was conducted to characterize Salmonella Infantis isolates collected from poultry sources in last decade by plasmid profile and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC–PCR). Methods: Forty Salmonella Infantis isolates from poultry sources were subjected to plasmid profile and ERIC–PCR characterization. A commercial plasmid extraction kit was used to extract and purify plasmid DNA which then were separated by gel electrophoresis and viewed under an UV transilluminator. For ERIC–PCR, a commercial bacterial chromosomal DNA extraction kit was used. ERIC2 primer was chosen for ERIC-PCR test in this study. Results: Plasmid profile showed that 35% of isolates did not contain any plasmids but the rest of isolates (65%) carried variable number of plasmids with different molecular weight. Six plasmid profiles were found among 40 Salmonella Infantis isolates. Using ERIC2 primer, seven profiles were found among 40 Salmonella Infantis isolates in ERIC-PCR. Bands with molecular weights ranging from 400 to 3000 bp were observed.Conclusions: This study provided some genetic data on Salmonella Infantis isolates recovered from poultry sources and these data can be used for a broader epidemiological study nationwide. These findings showed that both plasmid- and ERIC profiles are valuable in epidemiological studies but also have some limitations.","PeriodicalId":14566,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46451572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-02DOI: 10.22059/IJVM.2021.315021.1005144
M. Ahmadnejad, Mohammad Tolouei Kaleibar, S. Jarolmasjed, J. Rafinejad
Background: The skin is the largest organ of the body and is of particular importance in the beauty and economic value of the horse. Equine sarcoid disease (ESD) is the most common skin tumor in horses. So far, various methods have been used to treat sarcoidosis, but no fully effective treatment has yet been proposed. The use of larval therapy in the treatment of human diabetic ulcers and horse hoof lesions is spreading. Reports of the use of larval therapy to treat the complications of tumor lesions have been promising.Objectives: This study was performed to evaluate the effect of larval therapy on equine sarcoid lesions. Methods: In this study, 4 cases were diagnosed with sarcoid by clinical examinations and pathological tests, and larval therapy was used to treat sarcoid lesions. To place the larvae on the lesion, the method of implantation in an artificial nest was used. The number of larvae used per square centimeter was about 10 larvae. Result: The result of treatment was satisfactory in 2 cases of horses and even in one case the lesion was largely limited and the emergence of healthy skin began. In the other two cases, no positive result was seen, which was probably due to the extent of the lesion and the instability of the larvae on it. Conclusions: According to the obtained results, it seems that larval therapy is effective for the treatment of sarcoid necrotic lesions, but more studies are needed in this field.
{"title":"Evaluation of larval therapy effects on the progression of equine sarcoid","authors":"M. Ahmadnejad, Mohammad Tolouei Kaleibar, S. Jarolmasjed, J. Rafinejad","doi":"10.22059/IJVM.2021.315021.1005144","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/IJVM.2021.315021.1005144","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The skin is the largest organ of the body and is of particular importance in the beauty and economic value of the horse. Equine sarcoid disease (ESD) is the most common skin tumor in horses. So far, various methods have been used to treat sarcoidosis, but no fully effective treatment has yet been proposed. The use of larval therapy in the treatment of human diabetic ulcers and horse hoof lesions is spreading. Reports of the use of larval therapy to treat the complications of tumor lesions have been promising.Objectives: This study was performed to evaluate the effect of larval therapy on equine sarcoid lesions. Methods: In this study, 4 cases were diagnosed with sarcoid by clinical examinations and pathological tests, and larval therapy was used to treat sarcoid lesions. To place the larvae on the lesion, the method of implantation in an artificial nest was used. The number of larvae used per square centimeter was about 10 larvae. Result: The result of treatment was satisfactory in 2 cases of horses and even in one case the lesion was largely limited and the emergence of healthy skin began. In the other two cases, no positive result was seen, which was probably due to the extent of the lesion and the instability of the larvae on it. Conclusions: According to the obtained results, it seems that larval therapy is effective for the treatment of sarcoid necrotic lesions, but more studies are needed in this field.","PeriodicalId":14566,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":"1 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41256051","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-02DOI: 10.22059/IJVM.2021.307185.1005114
Moein Khodayari, Amir Asghari Baghkheirati, S. M. Peighambari, S. Shokrpoor, Jamshid Razmyar
Hepatic lipidosis and hernia are problems that can occur in pet birds due to different causes. Aspergillosis is also an important disease of pet birds. This article reports an interesting case which, to our knowledge, is the first one in Iran. A 7-year-old male common mynah was presented to the clinic of avian diseases at the University of Tehran, Tehran City, Iran, with a history of severe dyspnea, anorexia, feeding with a high-energy diet, and recently been in the northern parts of Iran. Unfortunately, the bird died. Necropsy was done to diagnose the cause of death. Tissue samples from abdominal viscera, lungs, and air sacs were collected and fixed in 10% buffered formalin and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Bacterial cultures from the liver and bone marrow were performed on blood and MacConkey agars. In the external carcass examination, the abdominal swelling, hernia, and yellow discoloration under the skin were obvious. At necropsy, the liver was enlarged with yellowish discoloration. There was also a high amount of fat around the abdominal viscera. Microscopically, fatty change, hepatocellular necrosis, and hemorrhages were seen in the liver. There were also vegetative forms of Aspergillus on the lung’s parenchyma and air sacs. No bacterial growth was observed. Pet birds are usually restricted to a cage by minimal contact with other birds; thus, diseases related to management are common among these birds. So keeping in suitable conditions with an appropriate, balanced diet is important for their health.
{"title":"Abdominal Hernia in a Common Mynah (Acridotheres tristis) Associated With Hepatic Lipidosis and Concurrent Respiratory Aspergillosis","authors":"Moein Khodayari, Amir Asghari Baghkheirati, S. M. Peighambari, S. Shokrpoor, Jamshid Razmyar","doi":"10.22059/IJVM.2021.307185.1005114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/IJVM.2021.307185.1005114","url":null,"abstract":"Hepatic lipidosis and hernia are problems that can occur in pet birds due to different causes. Aspergillosis is also an important disease of pet birds. This article reports an interesting case which, to our knowledge, is the first one in Iran. A 7-year-old male common mynah was presented to the clinic of avian diseases at the University of Tehran, Tehran City, Iran, with a history of severe dyspnea, anorexia, feeding with a high-energy diet, and recently been in the northern parts of Iran. Unfortunately, the bird died. Necropsy was done to diagnose the cause of death. Tissue samples from abdominal viscera, lungs, and air sacs were collected and fixed in 10% buffered formalin and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Bacterial cultures from the liver and bone marrow were performed on blood and MacConkey agars. In the external carcass examination, the abdominal swelling, hernia, and yellow discoloration under the skin were obvious. At necropsy, the liver was enlarged with yellowish discoloration. There was also a high amount of fat around the abdominal viscera. Microscopically, fatty change, hepatocellular necrosis, and hemorrhages were seen in the liver. There were also vegetative forms of Aspergillus on the lung’s parenchyma and air sacs. No bacterial growth was observed. Pet birds are usually restricted to a cage by minimal contact with other birds; thus, diseases related to management are common among these birds. So keeping in suitable conditions with an appropriate, balanced diet is important for their health.","PeriodicalId":14566,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42326866","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-02DOI: 10.22059/IJVM.2021.308928.1005124
S. Sadeghian, M. Ahmadi-Hamedani, M. Yousefi, R. N. Sani
BACKGROUND: To minimize the effect of time and temperature on some serum biochemical parameters determine stability limits of each analyte in precentrifuged blood samples is essential.OBJECTIVITIES: This study aimed to investigate stability limits of 10 analytes in blood samples of Turkoman racehorse stored in different temperatures and times. METHODS: whole blood samples from healthy horses (n=10) were stored for 2 h (baseline), 6, 12, 24, and 48 h at 25 ˚C or 4 ˚C. Commercial kits (Parsazmoon, Tehran, Iran) were used to sample analysis. RESULTS: Albumin (ALB), total bilirubin (TB), and phosphorous (P), exhibited remarkable changes at 25 ˚C. Storage time had no significant effects on urea, total protein (TP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatinine, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) at 25 ˚C for as long as 12 h. The stability of alanine transaminase (ALT) in serum stored at 25 ˚C was 24 h and at 4 ˚C was 48 h such as LDH. Aspartate transaminase (AST) was the most unstable analytes at different storage times at both temperatures. Urea, TP, ALB, TB, and P were stable at 4 ˚C for as long as 6 h. Creatinine and ALP were affected by 24 and 48 h storage time at both temperatures. There was a significant difference (p <0.05) in AST and ALT activities between two temperatures. There was no significant difference in creatinine, urea, and TB concentrations between two storage temperatures at any of the storage times.CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that some analytes have acceptable stability in clotted blood samples that were stored at 4 ° C for 6 h.
{"title":"Threshold Time to Onset Serum Biochemical Changes of Turkoman Racehorses at Different Serum-Clot Contact Times and Temperatures","authors":"S. Sadeghian, M. Ahmadi-Hamedani, M. Yousefi, R. N. Sani","doi":"10.22059/IJVM.2021.308928.1005124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/IJVM.2021.308928.1005124","url":null,"abstract":"BACKGROUND: To minimize the effect of time and temperature on some serum biochemical parameters determine stability limits of each analyte in precentrifuged blood samples is essential.OBJECTIVITIES: This study aimed to investigate stability limits of 10 analytes in blood samples of Turkoman racehorse stored in different temperatures and times. METHODS: whole blood samples from healthy horses (n=10) were stored for 2 h (baseline), 6, 12, 24, and 48 h at 25 ˚C or 4 ˚C. Commercial kits (Parsazmoon, Tehran, Iran) were used to sample analysis. RESULTS: Albumin (ALB), total bilirubin (TB), and phosphorous (P), exhibited remarkable changes at 25 ˚C. Storage time had no significant effects on urea, total protein (TP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatinine, and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) at 25 ˚C for as long as 12 h. The stability of alanine transaminase (ALT) in serum stored at 25 ˚C was 24 h and at 4 ˚C was 48 h such as LDH. Aspartate transaminase (AST) was the most unstable analytes at different storage times at both temperatures. Urea, TP, ALB, TB, and P were stable at 4 ˚C for as long as 6 h. Creatinine and ALP were affected by 24 and 48 h storage time at both temperatures. There was a significant difference (p <0.05) in AST and ALT activities between two temperatures. There was no significant difference in creatinine, urea, and TB concentrations between two storage temperatures at any of the storage times.CONCLUSIONS: This study showed that some analytes have acceptable stability in clotted blood samples that were stored at 4 ° C for 6 h.","PeriodicalId":14566,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44080317","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-02DOI: 10.22059/IJVM.2021.312948.1005139
J. Cheraghi, Parisa Kridhchi, S. Nasri, M. Zargooshi
AbstractEffects of Parsley (Petroselinum Crispum) Hydroalcoholic Extract on Spermatogenesis and Pituitary- Gonadal Axis in Streptozotocin- Induced Diabetic Male RatBackground: Diabetes mellitus (DM), as a metabolic disease, has a high rate of mortality all over the world. In recent years, there is accumulating evidence that showing this complex multifactorial disease has various effects on reproductive system. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of parsley(Petroselinum crispum) leaves on spermatogenesis and pituitary gonadal axis in male streptozotocin (STZ) - induced diabetic ratMethods: In the present study, 60 male rats were divided into 5 groups of 12 animals in each: control, DM control and 3 experimental groups (treated with doses 1g/kg, 2g/kg and 4 g/kg of hydroalcoholic extract of parsley leaves gavage for 28 days). DM was induced intraperitoneal injection of a single dose of STZ (65mg/kg). At the end of the treatment, mice were bled from the heart and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), Luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterones were measured. The testes of mice were isolated and weighted. Results: Comparison of LH, FSH and testosterone in rats treated with doses 1mg/kg of hydro-alcoholic extraction of plant revealed a significant increase as compared the diabetic control group (p <0/05). In addition, the results of histological elucidated that the experimental group (1mg/kg) a significant increase in sperm cells, motility, testis weight, total sperm count relative to diabetic control (P <0.001). Conclusion: It seems that parsley (Petroselinum Crispum) hydroalcoholic extract can be effective in decreasing the reproductive disorders in of DM patient. Key words: Diabetes mellitus, Parsley Medicinal Plants, Rat, Reproductive system, Sex Hormone, spermatogenesis
{"title":"Effects of parsley (Petroselinum Crispum) hydroalcoholic extract on spermatogenesis and Pituitary- Gonadal axis in streptozotocin- induced diabetic male rat Cheraghi Javad, Kerishchi Khyabani Parisa, Nasri Sima, Zargushi Maryam","authors":"J. Cheraghi, Parisa Kridhchi, S. Nasri, M. Zargooshi","doi":"10.22059/IJVM.2021.312948.1005139","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/IJVM.2021.312948.1005139","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractEffects of Parsley (Petroselinum Crispum) Hydroalcoholic Extract on Spermatogenesis and Pituitary- Gonadal Axis in Streptozotocin- Induced Diabetic Male RatBackground: Diabetes mellitus (DM), as a metabolic disease, has a high rate of mortality all over the world. In recent years, there is accumulating evidence that showing this complex multifactorial disease has various effects on reproductive system. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of parsley(Petroselinum crispum) leaves on spermatogenesis and pituitary gonadal axis in male streptozotocin (STZ) - induced diabetic ratMethods: In the present study, 60 male rats were divided into 5 groups of 12 animals in each: control, DM control and 3 experimental groups (treated with doses 1g/kg, 2g/kg and 4 g/kg of hydroalcoholic extract of parsley leaves gavage for 28 days). DM was induced intraperitoneal injection of a single dose of STZ (65mg/kg). At the end of the treatment, mice were bled from the heart and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), Luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterones were measured. The testes of mice were isolated and weighted. Results: Comparison of LH, FSH and testosterone in rats treated with doses 1mg/kg of hydro-alcoholic extraction of plant revealed a significant increase as compared the diabetic control group (p <0/05). In addition, the results of histological elucidated that the experimental group (1mg/kg) a significant increase in sperm cells, motility, testis weight, total sperm count relative to diabetic control (P <0.001). Conclusion: It seems that parsley (Petroselinum Crispum) hydroalcoholic extract can be effective in decreasing the reproductive disorders in of DM patient. Key words: Diabetes mellitus, Parsley Medicinal Plants, Rat, Reproductive system, Sex Hormone, spermatogenesis","PeriodicalId":14566,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":"21 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41276509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-02DOI: 10.22059/IJVM.2021.318789.1005158
S. Shokrpoor, B. Pourreza, M. Khodadadi, Masoumeh Moradi-Ozarlou, Reza Khoshvaghti, Bita Fazel
Chondrosarcoma is an uncommon malignant neoplasm in which the neoplastic cells produce chondroid and varying amounts of matrix. This tumor is the second most common primary skeletal tumor in animal. In this case, radiological and histopathological findings supported a final diagnosis of chondrosarcoma in a cat. A six-year-old male cat weighing 6.3 kg with a large and solitary mass in the right humerus was referred. The shoulder joint had a limited range of motion. Radiographs were obtained from the raised growth. The mass was surgically excised for histopathological evaluation. Microscopically, the mass was composed of bundles and nests of neoplastic mesenchymal cells. Histopathologically, multiple sized of lacunae within a homogenous cartilage matrix were observed. There was marked anisocytosis and anisokaryosis. Neoplastic chondrocytes and pleomorphic to oval cells with 1 to 3 nucleoli were seen. Based on the macroscopical, radiological and the cartilaginous differentiation of tumor cells and matrix, the mass was diagnosed well differentiated chondrosarcoma.
{"title":"Clinical, Radiological and Microscopical Findings of Chondrosarcoma in a Cat","authors":"S. Shokrpoor, B. Pourreza, M. Khodadadi, Masoumeh Moradi-Ozarlou, Reza Khoshvaghti, Bita Fazel","doi":"10.22059/IJVM.2021.318789.1005158","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22059/IJVM.2021.318789.1005158","url":null,"abstract":"Chondrosarcoma is an uncommon malignant neoplasm in which the neoplastic cells produce chondroid and varying amounts of matrix. This tumor is the second most common primary skeletal tumor in animal. In this case, radiological and histopathological findings supported a final diagnosis of chondrosarcoma in a cat. A six-year-old male cat weighing 6.3 kg with a large and solitary mass in the right humerus was referred. The shoulder joint had a limited range of motion. Radiographs were obtained from the raised growth. The mass was surgically excised for histopathological evaluation. Microscopically, the mass was composed of bundles and nests of neoplastic mesenchymal cells. Histopathologically, multiple sized of lacunae within a homogenous cartilage matrix were observed. There was marked anisocytosis and anisokaryosis. Neoplastic chondrocytes and pleomorphic to oval cells with 1 to 3 nucleoli were seen. Based on the macroscopical, radiological and the cartilaginous differentiation of tumor cells and matrix, the mass was diagnosed well differentiated chondrosarcoma.","PeriodicalId":14566,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46120948","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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