Pub Date : 2021-09-05DOI: 10.22050/IJOGST.2021.291675.1600
Y. Ahmadi
Using nanoparticles for adsorbing asphaltene was known as one of efficient methods among researchers for upgrading of real oil samples in comparison to other expensive mechanical treatments or even solvents (such as n-pentane and n-heptane) and surfactants. In this study, Nickel zeolite oxide nanoparticles have been used for asphaltene adsorption and solving asphaltene precipitation problems. Although Nickel zeolite oxide nanoparticle used in previous studies as an asphaltene adsorbent, observing relation between asphaltene adsorption on its surface and asphaltene precipitation in the presence of nanoparticles was not covered. Series of experiments include FTIR, CO2-oil IFT tests, Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models, and natural depletion tests were performed in the presence of Nickel zeolite oxide nanoparticles. Adsorption data was fitted well with the Langmuir model in comparison to the Freundlich model which shows that the adsorption occurs in a homogeneous surface with monolayer coverage. Based on the CO2-oil IFT results, there are two different slope forms in IFT readings as pressure increase from 150 Psi to 1650 Psi. Second slope (900 Psi-1650 Psi) is slower than the first one (150 Psi-900 Psi) which was due to aggregation of asphaltene. Three pressures of 1350 Psi, 1500 Psi, 1650 Psi and Nickel zeolite oxide nanoparticles at concentration of 30 ppm were selected for performing natural depletion tests and the basis of selection was high efficiency of adsorption in these points. As pressure decrease from 1650 Psi to 1350 Psi, asphaltene precipitation changes from 8.25 wt % to 10.52 wt % in the base case and it was 5.17 wt % to 7.54 wt % in the presence of Nickel zeolite oxide 30 ppm. Accordingly, Nickel zeolite oxide nanoparticles adsorbed asphaltene on its surface in proper way and the amount of asphaltene precipitation was decreased in the presence of Nickel zeolite oxide nanoparticles.
{"title":"Relation between asphaltene adsorption on the nanoparticles surface and asphaltene precipitation inhibition during real crude oil natural depletion tests","authors":"Y. Ahmadi","doi":"10.22050/IJOGST.2021.291675.1600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22050/IJOGST.2021.291675.1600","url":null,"abstract":"Using nanoparticles for adsorbing asphaltene was known as one of efficient methods among researchers for upgrading of real oil samples in comparison to other expensive mechanical treatments or even solvents (such as n-pentane and n-heptane) and surfactants. In this study, Nickel zeolite oxide nanoparticles have been used for asphaltene adsorption and solving asphaltene precipitation problems. Although Nickel zeolite oxide nanoparticle used in previous studies as an asphaltene adsorbent, observing relation between asphaltene adsorption on its surface and asphaltene precipitation in the presence of nanoparticles was not covered. Series of experiments include FTIR, CO2-oil IFT tests, Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models, and natural depletion tests were performed in the presence of Nickel zeolite oxide nanoparticles. Adsorption data was fitted well with the Langmuir model in comparison to the Freundlich model which shows that the adsorption occurs in a homogeneous surface with monolayer coverage. Based on the CO2-oil IFT results, there are two different slope forms in IFT readings as pressure increase from 150 Psi to 1650 Psi. Second slope (900 Psi-1650 Psi) is slower than the first one (150 Psi-900 Psi) which was due to aggregation of asphaltene. Three pressures of 1350 Psi, 1500 Psi, 1650 Psi and Nickel zeolite oxide nanoparticles at concentration of 30 ppm were selected for performing natural depletion tests and the basis of selection was high efficiency of adsorption in these points. As pressure decrease from 1650 Psi to 1350 Psi, asphaltene precipitation changes from 8.25 wt % to 10.52 wt % in the base case and it was 5.17 wt % to 7.54 wt % in the presence of Nickel zeolite oxide 30 ppm. Accordingly, Nickel zeolite oxide nanoparticles adsorbed asphaltene on its surface in proper way and the amount of asphaltene precipitation was decreased in the presence of Nickel zeolite oxide nanoparticles.","PeriodicalId":14575,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Oil and Gas Science and Technology","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84942656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-09-02DOI: 10.22050/IJOGST.2021.226919.1546
Nima Hamidian Shoormasti, S. Tabatabaei‐Nezhad, S. Tabatabaei‐Nezhad
Prediction of transport parameters is an important issue in shale formations. A unique and novel method to address this subject is the Revil model (Revil et al. 2011) which has been updated here for multivalent salts. The updated model for water and ion transport through shale has been evaluated against a range of experimental data sets. The updated Revil model only needs a few number of shale properties such as cation exchange capacity (CEC), porosity, and grain density which can be readily measured in laboratory. Also in the present work three parameters (f_Q,β_((+))^S,ν) have been considered as calibration parameters in the dynamic mode. In addition to updating Revil model for multivalent salts, we derived equations to calculate water and ion uptake in shale sample, a simplified equation to estimate IS and a proof for the conjecture that IS correlates with ME. The results show that in static mode, the model predicted the trend of data, however, the effect of semipermeable nature of shale on water uptake and alteration of ionic concentration in pore space was found negligible because of high salt concentrations (i.e. Cf>0.5M). In dynamic mode, by adjusting calibration parameters for each of test data, a complete matching could be obtained. In case of adjusting all experiments with only three common calibration parameters the prediction was not satisfactory, however, the results of "intact-anion method" was more accurate than "Donnan method". When multiple sets of ME data in a broader range of concentration including low concentrations were plotted along with high-concentration data, correlativity was significant (R2>0.9). The present study for the first time in petroleum engineering research, suggested and implemented the updated Revil model as an applied tool for investigating static and dynamic behavior of semipermeable shales.
页岩地层输运参数的预测是一个重要的问题。解决这一问题的一个独特而新颖的方法是Revil模型(Revil et al. 2011)，该模型在这里针对多价盐进行了更新。根据一系列实验数据集，对水和离子通过页岩的最新模型进行了评估。更新后的Revil模型只需要少量的页岩性质，如阳离子交换容量(CEC)、孔隙度和颗粒密度，这些都可以在实验室中轻松测量。本文还考虑了三个参数(f_Q，β_(+))^S，ν)作为动态模式下的标定参数。除了更新多价盐的Revil模型外，我们还推导了计算页岩样品中水和离子吸收率的方程，简化了估算IS的方程，并证明了IS与ME相关的猜想。结果表明，在静态模式下，该模型预测了数据的趋势，但由于高盐浓度(即Cf>0.5M)，页岩半渗透性对孔隙吸水和离子浓度变化的影响可以忽略不计。在动态模式下，通过调整每个测试数据的校准参数，可以获得完整的匹配。在仅用三个常用校准参数调整所有实验时，预测结果并不令人满意，但“完整阴离子法”的结果比“Donnan法”更准确。当多组较宽浓度范围(包括低浓度)的ME数据与高浓度数据一起绘制时，相关性显著(R2>0.9)。本研究首次在石油工程研究中提出并实现了更新后的Revil模型作为半渗透页岩静、动态特性研究的实用工具。
{"title":"Evaluation of a novel mechanistic approach to predict transport of water and ions through shale","authors":"Nima Hamidian Shoormasti, S. Tabatabaei‐Nezhad, S. Tabatabaei‐Nezhad","doi":"10.22050/IJOGST.2021.226919.1546","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22050/IJOGST.2021.226919.1546","url":null,"abstract":"Prediction of transport parameters is an important issue in shale formations. A unique and novel method to address this subject is the Revil model (Revil et al. 2011) which has been updated here for multivalent salts. The updated model for water and ion transport through shale has been evaluated against a range of experimental data sets. The updated Revil model only needs a few number of shale properties such as cation exchange capacity (CEC), porosity, and grain density which can be readily measured in laboratory. Also in the present work three parameters (f_Q,β_((+))^S,ν) have been considered as calibration parameters in the dynamic mode.\u0000In addition to updating Revil model for multivalent salts, we derived equations to calculate water and ion uptake in shale sample, a simplified equation to estimate IS and a proof for the conjecture that IS correlates with ME.\u0000The results show that in static mode, the model predicted the trend of data, however, the effect of semipermeable nature of shale on water uptake and alteration of ionic concentration in pore space was found negligible because of high salt concentrations (i.e. Cf>0.5M). \u0000In dynamic mode, by adjusting calibration parameters for each of test data, a complete matching could be obtained. In case of adjusting all experiments with only three common calibration parameters the prediction was not satisfactory, however, the results of \"intact-anion method\" was more accurate than \"Donnan method\". \u0000When multiple sets of ME data in a broader range of concentration including low concentrations were plotted along with high-concentration data, correlativity was significant (R2>0.9). The present study for the first time in petroleum engineering research, suggested and implemented the updated Revil model as an applied tool for investigating static and dynamic behavior of semipermeable shales.","PeriodicalId":14575,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Oil and Gas Science and Technology","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76859131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-23DOI: 10.22050/IJOGST.2021.291679.1601
M. Hemmati, Y. Ahmadi
Knowing the characteristics of suitable environments for precipitation of oil prone source rocks facilitates oil explorations and leads to development of oil fields. The current study investigates the organic matter properties and sedimentary environment conditions of the Garau Formation in various outcrop sections in Lurestan province from south-west of Iran (High Zagros) with using elemental analysis, visual kerogen analysis and Rock-Eval pyrolysis data. The geochemistry parameters indicate that the Garau Formation is an excellent oil prone source rock and composed of kerogen type I and II. The oxygen index (OI) is very low which reveals that organic matter deposited in an anoxic sedimentary environment and suitable for the preservation of organic matter and hydrocarbon generation. The visual analysis of isolated kerogens from source rock samples indicates the abundance of dark amorphous organic matter (AOM) with small amounts of phytoclasts and pyrite with no palynomorphs. Sedimentation seems to have occurred in deep and reduced parts of a carbonate basin during a rapid transgression. In addition, due to the effect of thermal maturation, the color of amorphous organic matter has darkened. The elemental analysis and Van-Krevelen diagram was shown that the type of organic matter and reveals the thermal maturity of the oil window. Moreover, amount of pyritic sulfur (Sp) and organic sulfur (So) contents have been calculated, and it was reveals that the high content of organic sulfur is a key element in the structure of organic matter.
{"title":"Investigation of origin, sedimentary environment and preservation of organic matter: A case study in Garau Formation","authors":"M. Hemmati, Y. Ahmadi","doi":"10.22050/IJOGST.2021.291679.1601","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22050/IJOGST.2021.291679.1601","url":null,"abstract":"Knowing the characteristics of suitable environments for precipitation of oil prone source rocks facilitates oil explorations and leads to development of oil fields. The current study investigates the organic matter properties and sedimentary environment conditions of the Garau Formation in various outcrop sections in Lurestan province from south-west of Iran (High Zagros) with using elemental analysis, visual kerogen analysis and Rock-Eval pyrolysis data. The geochemistry parameters indicate that the Garau Formation is an excellent oil prone source rock and composed of kerogen type I and II. The oxygen index (OI) is very low which reveals that organic matter deposited in an anoxic sedimentary environment and suitable for the preservation of organic matter and hydrocarbon generation. The visual analysis of isolated kerogens from source rock samples indicates the abundance of dark amorphous organic matter (AOM) with small amounts of phytoclasts and pyrite with no palynomorphs. Sedimentation seems to have occurred in deep and reduced parts of a carbonate basin during a rapid transgression. In addition, due to the effect of thermal maturation, the color of amorphous organic matter has darkened. The elemental analysis and Van-Krevelen diagram was shown that the type of organic matter and reveals the thermal maturity of the oil window. Moreover, amount of pyritic sulfur (Sp) and organic sulfur (So) contents have been calculated, and it was reveals that the high content of organic sulfur is a key element in the structure of organic matter.","PeriodicalId":14575,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Oil and Gas Science and Technology","volume":"57 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85960653","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-20DOI: 10.22050/IJOGST.2021.290550.1598
M. Hemmati, Y. Ahmadi
The Rock-Eval pyrolysis is a thermal method that is widely used by the petroleum geologist for evaluation of source rock characteristics and obtain geochemistry parameters. However, there are misconceptions and misuse in exceptional cases which could lead to erroneous conclusions in using Rock-Eval pyrolysis to evaluate properties of the organic matter, a cross-plot of S2 (petroleum potential) versus TOC (total organic carbon) is an usable tool which can facilitate better interpretations. The graph can apply as a criterion accuracy of geochemistry parameters, and provides the correction for S2, HI (hydrogen index), kerogen type, and measuring the adsorption of hydrocarbon by the mineral matrix. In addition, this article demonstrates a manner based on the graph to detect bitumen or hydrocarbon contaminations. Based on our knowledge about the Garau Formation as a possible source rock in petroleum geology of Iran, a geochemical study using Rock-Eval VI pyrolysis and Leco Carbon Analyzer has been conducted on samples from different outcrop sections in Lurestan province, Aligudarz region, from South-West of Iran, High Zagros. Plotting the data on a cross plot of S2 versus TOC, and determining the regression equation is the best method for determining the real values of S2 and HI parameters and measuring the contamination by bitumen or hydrocarbon. Hydrocarbon contaminations makes geochemistry data unreliable, as unrealistically increase S2 and HI, lower Tmax values, and reduce the thermal maturity level of organic matters or kerogen of source rock samples in two study locations. For skipping the effect of contamination and obtaining the real geochemistry parameters, the y-intercept of the graphs must be removed. The cause of contamination in organic rich facies of the Garau Formation is the adhesion of heavy bitumen to organic facies which is due to the covalent bonds between carbon and hydrogen ions.
{"title":"Detection of heavy bitumen contaminations with using corrected Rock-Eval pyrolysis data","authors":"M. Hemmati, Y. Ahmadi","doi":"10.22050/IJOGST.2021.290550.1598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22050/IJOGST.2021.290550.1598","url":null,"abstract":"The Rock-Eval pyrolysis is a thermal method that is widely used by the petroleum geologist for evaluation of source rock characteristics and obtain geochemistry parameters. However, there are misconceptions and misuse in exceptional cases which could lead to erroneous conclusions in using Rock-Eval pyrolysis to evaluate properties of the organic matter, a cross-plot of S2 (petroleum potential) versus TOC (total organic carbon) is an usable tool which can facilitate better interpretations. The graph can apply as a criterion accuracy of geochemistry parameters, and provides the correction for S2, HI (hydrogen index), kerogen type, and measuring the adsorption of hydrocarbon by the mineral matrix. In addition, this article demonstrates a manner based on the graph to detect bitumen or hydrocarbon contaminations. Based on our knowledge about the Garau Formation as a possible source rock in petroleum geology of Iran, a geochemical study using Rock-Eval VI pyrolysis and Leco Carbon Analyzer has been conducted on samples from different outcrop sections in Lurestan province, Aligudarz region, from South-West of Iran, High Zagros. Plotting the data on a cross plot of S2 versus TOC, and determining the regression equation is the best method for determining the real values of S2 and HI parameters and measuring the contamination by bitumen or hydrocarbon. Hydrocarbon contaminations makes geochemistry data unreliable, as unrealistically increase S2 and HI, lower Tmax values, and reduce the thermal maturity level of organic matters or kerogen of source rock samples in two study locations. For skipping the effect of contamination and obtaining the real geochemistry parameters, the y-intercept of the graphs must be removed. The cause of contamination in organic rich facies of the Garau Formation is the adhesion of heavy bitumen to organic facies which is due to the covalent bonds between carbon and hydrogen ions.","PeriodicalId":14575,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Oil and Gas Science and Technology","volume":"30 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81383971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-17DOI: 10.22050/IJOGST.2021.262613.1580
T. N. Chikwe, M. Onojake
The concentrations of trace metals in crude oil samples obtained from eight producing fields from Niger Delta Nigeria were analyzed using a 700 model Perkin Elmer Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Results showed the following ranges for the trace metals, Cu (0.01- 0.04 mg/kg); Fe (0.05 – 5.90 mg/kg); Ni (0.09 – 0.72 mg/kg); V (0.008 – 1.05 mg/kg). Pb and Zn were < 0.01 mg/kg. Trace metal ratios such as V/Ni; V/Fe and V/V + Ni were used to unravel the genetic correlation among the oils. Results showed that all the crude samples except sample from Nembe South-2 have a V/N ratio < 1 indicating the organic material that produced the petroleum source rock. A cross plot of V/Ni revealed two genetic families for the crude oils, derived from a terrestrial and marine origin. This was confirmed by the Ternary plot of V, Ni and Fe which discriminated the crude oils from the producing fields into two distinct groups. The V/(Ni+V) of < 0.5 shows that most of crude oil were deposited in an oxic environment. A cross-plot of V/(Ni+V) and V/Fe showed a weak correlation which suggests that it cannot be used as a substitute for the V/Ni ratio in determining the origin and depositional environment of crude oil samples. Therefore, in-depth knowledge of the concentration of trace metals especially vanadium and nickel within an environment during oil exploration is very essential in developing new oil locations.
{"title":"Geochemical Investigation of Trace Metals in Crude Oils from Some Producing Oil Fields in Niger Delta, Nigeria","authors":"T. N. Chikwe, M. Onojake","doi":"10.22050/IJOGST.2021.262613.1580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22050/IJOGST.2021.262613.1580","url":null,"abstract":"The concentrations of trace metals in crude oil samples obtained from eight producing fields from Niger Delta Nigeria were analyzed using a 700 model Perkin Elmer Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. Results showed the following ranges for the trace metals, Cu (0.01- 0.04 mg/kg); Fe (0.05 – 5.90 mg/kg); Ni (0.09 – 0.72 mg/kg); V (0.008 – 1.05 mg/kg). Pb and Zn were < 0.01 mg/kg. Trace metal ratios such as V/Ni; V/Fe and V/V + Ni were used to unravel the genetic correlation among the oils. Results showed that all the crude samples except sample from Nembe South-2 have a V/N ratio < 1 indicating the organic material that produced the petroleum source rock. A cross plot of V/Ni revealed two genetic families for the crude oils, derived from a terrestrial and marine origin. This was confirmed by the Ternary plot of V, Ni and Fe which discriminated the crude oils from the producing fields into two distinct groups. The V/(Ni+V) of < 0.5 shows that most of crude oil were deposited in an oxic environment. A cross-plot of V/(Ni+V) and V/Fe showed a weak correlation which suggests that it cannot be used as a substitute for the V/Ni ratio in determining the origin and depositional environment of crude oil samples. Therefore, in-depth knowledge of the concentration of trace metals especially vanadium and nickel within an environment during oil exploration is very essential in developing new oil locations.","PeriodicalId":14575,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Oil and Gas Science and Technology","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82324242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-07DOI: 10.22050/IJOGST.2021.289006.1597
M. Ashrafi, S. A. Tabatabaei-Nejad, E. Khodapanah
Challenges on rock absolute permeability prediction from tiny sample when laboratory apparatus is not applicable and without pore network modelling is remarkable. This prediction using the characterization of micro-computed tomography images have been studied in this paper. Twenty series of 2D micro computed tomography rock binary images have been collected, each of them was considered as a 3D binary image. Their geometric measures in 2D and 3D for measuring image properties have been considered using Minkowski functionals and available functions, developing a regression model, absolute permeabilities have been evaluated. Some 2D and 3D geometric properties are considered. The area, the perimeter and the 2D Euler number are 2D binary images properties. The volume, the surface area, the mean breadth also known as integral of the mean curvature, and the 3D Euler Number are 3D binary images properties. Porosity and number of objects also have been considered as parameters of a regression model.To perform linear regression, twenty-four parameters were evaluated and some of them were chosen to be used. An equation is proposed based on the extensive study conducted which can predict rock permeability. This equation has two sets of parameter coefficients, one set predicts high permeability rocks (above two Darcy) and the other for low and medium permeability (less than two Darcy) which can be used for carbonated rock. Average absolute relative error for conducted cases is 0.06.
{"title":"Investigating The Permeability Prediction Using Geometric Properties of Micro Computed Tomography Images by Linear Regression Models","authors":"M. Ashrafi, S. A. Tabatabaei-Nejad, E. Khodapanah","doi":"10.22050/IJOGST.2021.289006.1597","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22050/IJOGST.2021.289006.1597","url":null,"abstract":"Challenges on rock absolute permeability prediction from tiny sample when laboratory apparatus is not applicable and without pore network modelling is remarkable. This prediction using the characterization of micro-computed tomography images have been studied in this paper. Twenty series of 2D micro computed tomography rock binary images have been collected, each of them was considered as a 3D binary image. Their geometric measures in 2D and 3D for measuring image properties have been considered using Minkowski functionals and available functions, developing a regression model, absolute permeabilities have been evaluated. Some 2D and 3D geometric properties are considered. The area, the perimeter and the 2D Euler number are 2D binary images properties. The volume, the surface area, the mean breadth also known as integral of the mean curvature, and the 3D Euler Number are 3D binary images properties. Porosity and number of objects also have been considered as parameters of a regression model.To perform linear regression, twenty-four parameters were evaluated and some of them were chosen to be used. An equation is proposed based on the extensive study conducted which can predict rock permeability. This equation has two sets of parameter coefficients, one set predicts high permeability rocks (above two Darcy) and the other for low and medium permeability (less than two Darcy) which can be used for carbonated rock. Average absolute relative error for conducted cases is 0.06.","PeriodicalId":14575,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Oil and Gas Science and Technology","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87049863","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-15DOI: 10.22050/IJOGST.2021.273802.1584
S. Ashoori, E. Safavi, J. Moghaddasi, Parvin Kolah-kaj
AbstractFormation damage is being reported during the secondary and tertiary stages of reservoir lifespan. One of the unpleasant sequences of formation damage caused by fine particles is permeability reduction due to pore plugging and bridging. The fine particles might exist initially in a porous medium, or be introduced by the external sources. In addition, there is a variety of particle types and sizes. The current research focuses on the effects of non-swelling clay minerals motions, such as the laminar ones found in Iranian sandstone reservoirs, on permeability. For this purpose, sand packs in a variety of glass bead sizes and containing aluminium oxide as fine particles were designed to scrutinize the motion of fine particles under various pressure differences, flow rates, and fine concentrations. It was concluded that for each of the three sand packs considered as the porous media in this study and composed of fine glass beads with different sizes, there is a critical flow rate which is a function of glass bead size. For the flow rates less than critical flow rate, bridges form stably and lead to the highest formation damage. After reaching the critical flow rate, the bridges weaken and then break; thereafter, relative permeability would be independent of flow rate. All in all, it was deduced that permeability reduction and formation damage are directly proportional to particle concentration, and inversely proportional to glass bead size. The reason for using solid glass spheres in this study is their flow ability, great strength, chemical stability, low thermal expansion.Keywords: Fine migration, Permeability reduction, Formation damage, Critical flow rate
{"title":"Experimental investigation of permeability reduction due to migration of non-swelling clay minerals","authors":"S. Ashoori, E. Safavi, J. Moghaddasi, Parvin Kolah-kaj","doi":"10.22050/IJOGST.2021.273802.1584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22050/IJOGST.2021.273802.1584","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractFormation damage is being reported during the secondary and tertiary stages of reservoir lifespan. One of the unpleasant sequences of formation damage caused by fine particles is permeability reduction due to pore plugging and bridging. The fine particles might exist initially in a porous medium, or be introduced by the external sources. In addition, there is a variety of particle types and sizes. The current research focuses on the effects of non-swelling clay minerals motions, such as the laminar ones found in Iranian sandstone reservoirs, on permeability. For this purpose, sand packs in a variety of glass bead sizes and containing aluminium oxide as fine particles were designed to scrutinize the motion of fine particles under various pressure differences, flow rates, and fine concentrations. It was concluded that for each of the three sand packs considered as the porous media in this study and composed of fine glass beads with different sizes, there is a critical flow rate which is a function of glass bead size. For the flow rates less than critical flow rate, bridges form stably and lead to the highest formation damage. After reaching the critical flow rate, the bridges weaken and then break; thereafter, relative permeability would be independent of flow rate. All in all, it was deduced that permeability reduction and formation damage are directly proportional to particle concentration, and inversely proportional to glass bead size. The reason for using solid glass spheres in this study is their flow ability, great strength, chemical stability, low thermal expansion.Keywords: Fine migration, Permeability reduction, Formation damage, Critical flow rate","PeriodicalId":14575,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Oil and Gas Science and Technology","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89229464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-14DOI: 10.22050/IJOGST.2021.275683.1585
B. Bayati, M. Mansouri, H. Hejazi
In this study, effect of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) as an inhibitor on wax appearance temperature (WAT) of crude oil in the Iranian oil field has been investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) method. The effect of EVA on the morphology of crude oil wax crystals has been investigated using a system designed to be equipped with an ocular microscope. The EVA inhibitor has a very good performance in reducing the Wax appearance temperature of crude oil and by adsorbing on the growing wax crystals, it prevents the crystallization process and also their connection to each other to form a network structure. By 800 ppm of the EVA inhibitor, the largest decrease occurred in the WAT of crude oil (at the rate of 26.13 ° C) and also smaller crystals and weaker structures were formed at this concentration. Therefore, 800 ppm of EVA inhibitor was selected as an optimal value
{"title":"Study on Effect of inhibitor on wax precipitation in Iranian oil fields by using differential scanning calorimetry and microscopy","authors":"B. Bayati, M. Mansouri, H. Hejazi","doi":"10.22050/IJOGST.2021.275683.1585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22050/IJOGST.2021.275683.1585","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, effect of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) as an inhibitor on wax appearance temperature (WAT) of crude oil in the Iranian oil field has been investigated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) method. The effect of EVA on the morphology of crude oil wax crystals has been investigated using a system designed to be equipped with an ocular microscope. The EVA inhibitor has a very good performance in reducing the Wax appearance temperature of crude oil and by adsorbing on the growing wax crystals, it prevents the crystallization process and also their connection to each other to form a network structure. By 800 ppm of the EVA inhibitor, the largest decrease occurred in the WAT of crude oil (at the rate of 26.13 ° C) and also smaller crystals and weaker structures were formed at this concentration. Therefore, 800 ppm of EVA inhibitor was selected as an optimal value","PeriodicalId":14575,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Oil and Gas Science and Technology","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91185514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.22050/IJOGST.2021.276176.1586
Alireza Afsharpour
In current work, Perturbed Chain- Statistical Associating Fluid Theory (PC-SAFT) EoS together with the Reaction Equilibrium Thermodynamic Model (RETM) was employed to correlate H2S solubility in three carboxylate ionic liquids including [emim][Ace], [bmim][Ace] and [hmim][Ace]. The RETM proposes a chemical reaction approach between IL (B) and H2S (A) in the liquid phase. Moreover PC-SAFT EoS contributes for VLE calculations. All the H2S and the investigated ILs, as self-associating components, assumed to follow 2B association scheme.Five adjustable variables of PC- SAFT EoS for pure components were calculated using experimental data of liquid density and vapor pressure. Afterwards, the binary systems were investigated applying RETM. Indeed, two nested loops calculate the liquid phase, total pressure and vapor phase concentrations, respectively. For these systems, AAD% equal to 2.29, 3.09 and 7.65 were obtained for all ILs respectively.
{"title":"Simulation of H2S solubility in three acetate-based ionic liquids using PC-SAFT EoS together with RETM","authors":"Alireza Afsharpour","doi":"10.22050/IJOGST.2021.276176.1586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22050/IJOGST.2021.276176.1586","url":null,"abstract":"In current work, Perturbed Chain- Statistical Associating Fluid Theory (PC-SAFT) EoS together with the Reaction Equilibrium Thermodynamic Model (RETM) was employed to correlate H2S solubility in three carboxylate ionic liquids including [emim][Ace], [bmim][Ace] and [hmim][Ace]. The RETM proposes a chemical reaction approach between IL (B) and H2S (A) in the liquid phase. Moreover PC-SAFT EoS contributes for VLE calculations. All the H2S and the investigated ILs, as self-associating components, assumed to follow 2B association scheme.Five adjustable variables of PC- SAFT EoS for pure components were calculated using experimental data of liquid density and vapor pressure. Afterwards, the binary systems were investigated applying RETM. Indeed, two nested loops calculate the liquid phase, total pressure and vapor phase concentrations, respectively. For these systems, AAD% equal to 2.29, 3.09 and 7.65 were obtained for all ILs respectively.","PeriodicalId":14575,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Oil and Gas Science and Technology","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89535047","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.22050/IJOGST.2021.257740.1571
M. Mansouri, Mehdi Parhiz, B. Bayati, Y. Ahmadi
One of the important issues in oil industry is related to asphaltene precipitation during different stages, and using nanoparticles is known as a common method for solving this problems. Although nickel oxide and zeolite have been addressed in previous researches for solving asphaltene precipitation problem, Using NiO/Na-ZSm-5 (the main goal of this study) has not been developed for solving relevant asphaltene precipitation problem. The crystalline structure and morphology of the synthesized nanoparticles have been analyzed with the help of XRD, SEM, FTIR and EDX. Results show that the nanoparticles were well synthesized and after synthesis with a diameter of 13.6 nm. The EDX analyses also approved that an amount of asphaltene was adsorbed by the sorbent. Asphaltene adsorption experiments were carried out at various asphaltene concentrations and different temperatures and the effect of different variables of initial asphaltene concentrations, temperature and ratio of heptane to toluene were evaluated on asphaltene adsorption rate. The results indicate that with an increase in the initial asphaltene concentration from 25 to 2000 ppm, the asphaltene adsorption rate in zeolite increases. In concentrations less than 500 ppm, a rise in temperature results in reduced asphaltene adsorption, while at concentrations higher than 500 ppm, with a rise in temperature from 25°C to 55°C, asphaltene adsorption capacity on zeolite increases. Also greater adsorption has been observed for Heptane/Toluene=0.4 with q=25.17 mg/g. For determining the kinetic mechanism of this process, the experimental data were adapted according to Lagrangian pseudo-first and second-order models. The Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms were evaluated, in which the isotherms resulting from the Langmuir isotherm model were of adequate conformity. This indicates that adsorption at the homogenous level occurred with single-layered coating. In the final step, after evaluating the thermodynamic conditions, the spontaneity of the asphaltene adsorption process was proven.
{"title":"Preparation of Nickel Oxide Supported Zeolite catalyst (NiO/Na-ZSm-5) for Asphaltene Adsorption: A Kinetic and Thermodynamic Study","authors":"M. Mansouri, Mehdi Parhiz, B. Bayati, Y. Ahmadi","doi":"10.22050/IJOGST.2021.257740.1571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22050/IJOGST.2021.257740.1571","url":null,"abstract":"One of the important issues in oil industry is related to asphaltene precipitation during different stages, and using nanoparticles is known as a common method for solving this problems. Although nickel oxide and zeolite have been addressed in previous researches for solving asphaltene precipitation problem, Using NiO/Na-ZSm-5 (the main goal of this study) has not been developed for solving relevant asphaltene precipitation problem. The crystalline structure and morphology of the synthesized nanoparticles have been analyzed with the help of XRD, SEM, FTIR and EDX. Results show that the nanoparticles were well synthesized and after synthesis with a diameter of 13.6 nm. The EDX analyses also approved that an amount of asphaltene was adsorbed by the sorbent. Asphaltene adsorption experiments were carried out at various asphaltene concentrations and different temperatures and the effect of different variables of initial asphaltene concentrations, temperature and ratio of heptane to toluene were evaluated on asphaltene adsorption rate. The results indicate that with an increase in the initial asphaltene concentration from 25 to 2000 ppm, the asphaltene adsorption rate in zeolite increases. In concentrations less than 500 ppm, a rise in temperature results in reduced asphaltene adsorption, while at concentrations higher than 500 ppm, with a rise in temperature from 25°C to 55°C, asphaltene adsorption capacity on zeolite increases. Also greater adsorption has been observed for Heptane/Toluene=0.4 with q=25.17 mg/g. For determining the kinetic mechanism of this process, the experimental data were adapted according to Lagrangian pseudo-first and second-order models. The Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms were evaluated, in which the isotherms resulting from the Langmuir isotherm model were of adequate conformity. This indicates that adsorption at the homogenous level occurred with single-layered coating. In the final step, after evaluating the thermodynamic conditions, the spontaneity of the asphaltene adsorption process was proven.","PeriodicalId":14575,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Oil and Gas Science and Technology","volume":"31 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88711566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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