Kumiko Kono, Hisashi Yamada, Hiroyuki Tanaka, J. Koyama
{"title":"Differences in bioaccumulation of butyltin compounds between blue mussel, Mytilus galloprovincialis, and green mussel, Perna viridis","authors":"Kumiko Kono, Hisashi Yamada, Hiroyuki Tanaka, J. Koyama","doi":"10.11403/JSET.15.39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11403/JSET.15.39","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14585,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of environmental toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84936796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Anzai, Masamichi Kaminishi, A. Poth, J. Handley, T. Satoh
Manufactured Nanomaterials （ MNs ） are excellent industrial materials that are not only widely used in the manufacture of displays, Micro Electro Mechanical Systems （ MEMS ） , composite materials, energy cells, fibers, actuators and heat-exchangers, but also in cosmetics, medical equipment and pharmaceutical products. Accordingly, the concerned regulating authorities are those involved in the control of chemicals for industrial use, drugs, food, the environment, scientific technology, as well as communications, etc. As of August 2012, however, no specific laws that regulate the safety evaluation of MNs exist. Each of the major MN producers, such as EU, the United States, and Japan, is separately going through the process of discussing the methodology of systematically evaluating and regulating MNs. The MN producers have started to organize independent consortiums or working groups to discuss the safety assessments of the products. In this context, we investigated the activities towards the setting of regulations in each country, and clarified the differences between their directions. We also introduce reference materials that have been published as a general scheme for safety evaluation.
{"title":"Worldwide Trend in Nanomaterial Safety Evaluation","authors":"T. Anzai, Masamichi Kaminishi, A. Poth, J. Handley, T. Satoh","doi":"10.11403/JSET.15.17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11403/JSET.15.17","url":null,"abstract":"Manufactured Nanomaterials （ MNs ） are excellent industrial materials that are not only widely used in the manufacture of displays, Micro Electro Mechanical Systems （ MEMS ） , composite materials, energy cells, fibers, actuators and heat-exchangers, but also in cosmetics, medical equipment and pharmaceutical products. Accordingly, the concerned regulating authorities are those involved in the control of chemicals for industrial use, drugs, food, the environment, scientific technology, as well as communications, etc. As of August 2012, however, no specific laws that regulate the safety evaluation of MNs exist. Each of the major MN producers, such as EU, the United States, and Japan, is separately going through the process of discussing the methodology of systematically evaluating and regulating MNs. The MN producers have started to organize independent consortiums or working groups to discuss the safety assessments of the products. In this context, we investigated the activities towards the setting of regulations in each country, and clarified the differences between their directions. We also introduce reference materials that have been published as a general scheme for safety evaluation.","PeriodicalId":14585,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of environmental toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78918303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Iwamatsu, Hirokuni Kobayashi, S. Hagino, B. Lin
{"title":"Sex Reversal Induced by A Brief Exposure of Fertilized Eggs to Hexestrol And Hexestrol Propionate in Oryzias latipes","authors":"T. Iwamatsu, Hirokuni Kobayashi, S. Hagino, B. Lin","doi":"10.11403/JSET.15.53","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11403/JSET.15.53","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14585,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of environmental toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82807178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Onduka, D. Ojima, A. Kakuno, K. Ito, J. Koyama, K. Fujii
{"title":"Nitrated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the marine environment: acute toxicities for organisms at three trophic levels","authors":"T. Onduka, D. Ojima, A. Kakuno, K. Ito, J. Koyama, K. Fujii","doi":"10.11403/JSET.15.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11403/JSET.15.1","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14585,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of environmental toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91100814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Development of Screening Algal Growth Inhibition Test with Dunaliella sp.","authors":"Masako Mihirogi, M. Kikuchi, J. Sawai","doi":"10.11403/JSET.15.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11403/JSET.15.11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14585,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of environmental toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73572558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Exploring safe concentrations of zinc for protecting riverine macroinvertebrates with a review on effects of heavy metals","authors":"Y. Iwasaki","doi":"10.11403/JSET.14.47","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11403/JSET.14.47","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14585,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of environmental toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2011-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78922076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Mochida, H. Amano, T. Onduka, A. Kakuno, K. Fujii
Chronic toxicity of an antifouling biocide 4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-3(2H)-isothiazolone (Sea-Nine 211) for a marine teleostean fish, red sea bream (Pagrus major) was estimated from the acute to chronic ratio (ACR) obtained from the mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus). The mean 96-h median lethal concentration values of Sea-Nine 211 (based on the actual toxicant concentrations) for red sea bream and mummichog were 5.1 and 4.7 μg/L, respectively. Early life-stage toxicity (ELS) testing using mummichog embryos revealed that growth was the most susceptible endpoint, and the lowest and no-observed effect concentrations based on the actual toxicant concentrations were 2.8 and 1.1 μg/L, respectively. Thus, the maximum acceptable toxicant concentration was determined to be 1.8 μg/L. Using the calculated ACR value (4.7:1.8) for the mummichog, the chronic toxicity for red sea bream was predicted to be 2.0 μg/L. Considering the concentrations of Sea-Nine 211 currently detected in the coastal waters of Japan, we consider risk from using this biocide to the fish population to be low. In addition, SeaNine 211 exhibited acetylcholinesterase-inhibiting activity, but did not induce morphological abnormality in the ELS test. Accumulation of the toxicant in the body of mummichog may not be enough to cause morphological abnormality because of its rapid degradation.
{"title":"Toxicity of 4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-3 2H -isothiazolone Sea-Nine 211 to two marine teleostean fishes","authors":"K. Mochida, H. Amano, T. Onduka, A. Kakuno, K. Fujii","doi":"10.11403/JSET.13.105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11403/JSET.13.105","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic toxicity of an antifouling biocide 4,5-dichloro-2-n-octyl-3(2H)-isothiazolone (Sea-Nine 211) for a marine teleostean fish, red sea bream (Pagrus major) was estimated from the acute to chronic ratio (ACR) obtained from the mummichog (Fundulus heteroclitus). The mean 96-h median lethal concentration values of Sea-Nine 211 (based on the actual toxicant concentrations) for red sea bream and mummichog were 5.1 and 4.7 μg/L, respectively. Early life-stage toxicity (ELS) testing using mummichog embryos revealed that growth was the most susceptible endpoint, and the lowest and no-observed effect concentrations based on the actual toxicant concentrations were 2.8 and 1.1 μg/L, respectively. Thus, the maximum acceptable toxicant concentration was determined to be 1.8 μg/L. Using the calculated ACR value (4.7:1.8) for the mummichog, the chronic toxicity for red sea bream was predicted to be 2.0 μg/L. Considering the concentrations of Sea-Nine 211 currently detected in the coastal waters of Japan, we consider risk from using this biocide to the fish population to be low. In addition, SeaNine 211 exhibited acetylcholinesterase-inhibiting activity, but did not induce morphological abnormality in the ELS test. Accumulation of the toxicant in the body of mummichog may not be enough to cause morphological abnormality because of its rapid degradation.","PeriodicalId":14585,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of environmental toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78909456","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Hatakeyama, Yutaka Ogamino, S. Kashiwada, Y. Sugaya
{"title":"Differences in susceptibility of cladoceran species to fenobucarb （BPMC, a carbamate insecticide），in relation to acute/chronic toxicity and acetylcholinesterase inhibition.","authors":"S. Hatakeyama, Yutaka Ogamino, S. Kashiwada, Y. Sugaya","doi":"10.11403/JSET.13.49","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11403/JSET.13.49","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14585,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of environmental toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88829251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Katsumata, Takashi Koike, K. Kazumura, Ayano Takeuchi, Y. Sugaya
{"title":"Characteristics of delayed fluorescence for endpoint of algal growth inhibition test to estimate chemical toxicity","authors":"M. Katsumata, Takashi Koike, K. Kazumura, Ayano Takeuchi, Y. Sugaya","doi":"10.11403/JSET.13.59","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11403/JSET.13.59","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14585,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of environmental toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74409875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Substances such as Al 3+ , Cu 2+ , Cd 2+ , Zn 2+ , ammonia, atrazine, 3,4-dichloroaniline, linear dodecylbenzene sulfonate, pentachlorophenol and phenol were added to a microcosm (mixed flask culture)constituted of bacteria, Cyclidium, Lepadella, Philodina, Aeolosoma, Chlorella and Schizothrix, and the respiration rate and the production rate were determined. Good correlations were found between the observed maximum concentrations of the substances having no effects on the respiration rate and the production rate in microcosms(M_NOAECs)and the mean values of the no-observed-effect concentrations of the substances in experimental and natural ecosystems(NOECs).An uncertainty factor for predicting the safe environmental concentrations in ecosystems(PNOECs)from the M_NOAECs was estimated to be 200 from the regression line(log [the mean of NOECs] / log [M_NOAEC])and the log-normal distribution curves of the NOECs of each substance in experimental and natural ecosystems. The calculated PNOECs covered most of the reported NOECs in experimental and natural ecosystems. The microcosm could be used as a tool for screening tests of substances on generic ecosystem-level toxicity.
{"title":"Effects of Chemicals on Microcosms: Comparison with the NOECs in Experimental and Natural Ecosystems","authors":"K. Sugiura","doi":"10.11403/JSET.13.37","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11403/JSET.13.37","url":null,"abstract":"Substances such as Al 3+ , Cu 2+ , Cd 2+ , Zn 2+ , ammonia, atrazine, 3,4-dichloroaniline, linear dodecylbenzene sulfonate, pentachlorophenol and phenol were added to a microcosm (mixed flask culture)constituted of bacteria, Cyclidium, Lepadella, Philodina, Aeolosoma, Chlorella and Schizothrix, and the respiration rate and the production rate were determined. Good correlations were found between the observed maximum concentrations of the substances having no effects on the respiration rate and the production rate in microcosms(M_NOAECs)and the mean values of the no-observed-effect concentrations of the substances in experimental and natural ecosystems(NOECs).An uncertainty factor for predicting the safe environmental concentrations in ecosystems(PNOECs)from the M_NOAECs was estimated to be 200 from the regression line(log [the mean of NOECs] / log [M_NOAEC])and the log-normal distribution curves of the NOECs of each substance in experimental and natural ecosystems. The calculated PNOECs covered most of the reported NOECs in experimental and natural ecosystems. The microcosm could be used as a tool for screening tests of substances on generic ecosystem-level toxicity.","PeriodicalId":14585,"journal":{"name":"Japanese journal of environmental toxicology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90798565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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