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HEDGING, CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS AND THE ORIGINAL BREXIT AFFAIR 套期保值、批评话语分析与英国脱欧原初事件
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.32008/nordsci2019/b1/v2/15
Eduard Vlad
Methodologically, this is an attempt at transcending the already fuzzy borders between Discourse Analysis and Critical Discourse Analysis, also borrowing the prevailing idea in Critical Theory and Cultural Studies that culture is ideological and political, and thus a site of struggle. The article, while starting from language-based approaches enriched by CDA’s contributions, aims, by means of hedging language devices, at connecting and interpreting a number of puzzling facts, occurrences, statements and coincidences to be observed in the public space in the immediate contexts of the June 23, 2016 British EU referendum. These have to do with discourse, politics, hedge funds, financial transactions and a number of people associated with them. Who were the real winners of the original Brexit Affair? The article acknowledges the theoretical relevance of leading CDA theorists, while relying on online resources, especially those of such investigative journalists as Cam Simpson, Gavin Finch and Kit Chellel. Why would anyone charge anyone with major misdeeds and risk going to court, when the ‘hedging’ of the Brexit affair (or business) in the current article might prompt everyone to draw their own conclusions?
在方法论上,这是一种超越话语分析和批判话语分析之间已经模糊的边界的尝试,也借用了批判理论和文化研究中流行的观点,即文化是意识形态的和政治的,因此是一个斗争的场所。本文从基于语言的方法出发,通过CDA的贡献丰富,旨在通过回避语言的手段,在2016年6月23日英国脱欧公投的直接背景下,在公共空间中观察到一些令人困惑的事实、事件、陈述和巧合。它们与话语、政治、对冲基金、金融交易以及与之相关的许多人有关。谁是最初脱欧事件的真正赢家?这篇文章承认主要批评性话语分析理论家的理论相关性,同时依靠在线资源,特别是像卡姆·辛普森、加文·芬奇和基特·谢勒尔这样的调查记者的资源。当当前文章中对英国退欧事务(或商业)的“对冲”可能促使每个人都得出自己的结论时,为什么有人会指控任何人犯有重大不当行为并冒着上法庭的风险?
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引用次数: 0
FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE NATIONAL QUALIFICATION SYSTEM IN RUSSIA: LEGAL PERSPECTIVES 俄罗斯国家资格制度的形成与发展:法律视角
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.32008/nordsci2019/b1/v2/07
E. Sochneva, Larisa Yu. Isner, M. Chervyakov
Today, the main event in the social and labour sphere of Russia is, of course, the introduction of the National Qualifications System (abbreviated NSC), which comes to replace the old system of qualification characteristics. In general, the NSC in Russia is represented by four interrelated elements: professional standards, independent assessment of qualifications, professional and public accreditation of educational programs and a directory of the most popular professions. The professional standard at the legislative level states the requirements for the type of activity. Independent assessment of qualifications is a mechanism for personnel certification for compliance with professional standards, and professional public accreditation of educational programs is their assessment for compliance with the requirements of professional standards. In European countries, such systems have existed for a long time and accumulated some experience in this field. The purpose of this article is to consider the common and distinctive features of the European and Russian systems of national qualifications, as well as the experience of building such a system in Russia. In addition, the work will present the differences between the previously existing system of qualifications in Russia and the modern one. The article will show the difficulties of embedding the new system in Russian labour legislation. In addition, problems in the activities of society that were caused by the new system will be considered, its advantages and disadvantages will be considered. Particular attention will be paid to the analysis of the new qualification assessment system and its comparison with similar ones abroad. Today, Russia is trying, using the experience of European countries, to introduce a system of awarding qualifications outside educational institutions in special centers for the assessment of qualifications. The difference between the Russian model and the existing analogues abroad is that these centers are represented by commercial organizations, while education is carried out by state educational institutions. Such a docking of the state system of education and business has given rise to a number of problems, which will be discussed in the article. The main feature of the national qualifications system in Russia is a synthesis of the obligation (imperativeness) and the market fundamentals of the system itself.
今天,俄罗斯社会和劳动领域的主要事件当然是引入国家资格体系(简称NSC),它取代了旧的资格特征体系。总的来说,俄罗斯的国家安全委员会由四个相互关联的要素组成:专业标准、资格独立评估、教育项目的专业和公共认证以及最受欢迎的职业目录。立法层面的专业标准规定了对活动类型的要求。资格独立评审是对符合专业标准的人员进行认证的机制,专业教育项目的公开认证是对符合专业标准要求的评估。在欧洲国家,这种制度已经存在了很长时间,并积累了一定的经验。本文的目的是考虑欧洲和俄罗斯国家资格制度的共同点和各自的特点,以及俄罗斯建立国家资格制度的经验。此外,这项工作将展示俄罗斯以前存在的资格制度与现代制度之间的差异。这篇文章将展示在俄罗斯劳工立法中嵌入新制度的困难。此外,将考虑新制度在社会活动中引起的问题,考虑其优点和缺点。本文将特别关注新的资格评估体系的分析及其与国外同类体系的比较。今天,俄罗斯正在尝试借鉴欧洲国家的经验,在教育机构以外的专门资格评估中心引入一种授予资格的制度。俄罗斯模式与国外现有类似模式的不同之处在于,这些中心以商业组织为代表,而教育则由国家教育机构进行。这种国家教育体制与商业体制的对接产生了一系列问题,本文将对此进行讨论。俄罗斯国家资格制度的主要特点是义务性(强制性)和制度本身的市场基础的综合。
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引用次数: 0
USING HEALTH AND SOCIAL SERVICES AS PREVENTION OF SOCIAL EXCLUSION IN OLD AGE 利用保健和社会服务预防老年社会排斥
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.32008/nordsci2019/b1/v2/32
Lenka Motlová
With regard to the demographic aging of the population, the use of health and social services has become hot topic in old age. Care of elderly people should be holistic and complex – i.e. health and social care, because deterioration of the health of the elderly leads to a worsening of the social situation and vice versa. An unsatisfactory social environment leads to a deterioration in the health of the elderly because health and social situations interact and condition each other. Social exclusion is a topical issue that can take different kinds and forms (spatial; economic; cultural, social and political exclusion and symbolic exclusion). The use of health and social services and their availability for the elderly can prevent the emergence of social exclusion in old age. The aim of the paper is to describe the relationship between the use of health and social services by the elderly and the emergence of social exclusion in old age. The author will focus on the presentation of results of qualitative research, which has been realized in seniors 65+ living in a home environment in the Czech Republic. The results will focus on the use and availability of health and social services in the context of social exclusion. The contribution was supported by the project “Social Exclusion in Seniors Living in the Home Environment in the Czech Republic” supported by the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports of the Czech Republic in the INTER-COST sub-program, INTER-EXCELLENCE, No. LTC18066.
关于人口老龄化问题,利用保健和社会服务已成为老年人的热门话题。对老年人的照顾应该是全面和复杂的,即保健和社会照顾,因为老年人健康状况的恶化会导致社会状况的恶化,反之亦然。不令人满意的社会环境导致老年人健康状况恶化,因为健康和社会状况相互影响、相互制约。社会排斥是一个可以采取不同类型和形式(空间;经济;文化、社会和政治排斥以及象征性排斥)。老年人利用保健和社会服务并可获得这些服务,可以防止老年社会排斥现象的出现。本文的目的是描述老年人使用保健和社会服务与老年社会排斥现象的出现之间的关系。作者将重点介绍定性研究的结果,这是在捷克共和国65岁以上生活在家庭环境中的老年人中实现的。研究结果将侧重于在社会排斥的情况下保健和社会服务的使用和提供情况。这项捐款得到了捷克共和国教育、青年和体育部在INTER-COST次级方案(INTER-EXCELLENCE,第6号)中支助的“捷克共和国生活在家庭环境中的老年人的社会排斥”项目的支持。LTC18066。
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引用次数: 0
PROBLEMS OF PERSONS WITH INBORN GENDER IDENTITY DISORDER SYNDROME – SOCIOLOGICAL ASPECTS 先天性别认同障碍综合症患者的问题-社会学方面
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.32008/nordsci2019/b1/v2/30
A. Karnat, Zbigniew Liber
The paper focuses on some problems (medical, social, legal) faced by persons with Inborn Gender Identity Disorder Syndrome (IGIDS). The so-called “transsexualism” is a huge problem for persons who “hit the wall” in fulfiling social roles consistent with the perceived gender. It has to be underlined that the social functioning of these persons is extremely difficult, because disapproval of the phenotype/somatic sex hinders their self-fulfilment. The article is based, partly, on the analysis of data from 600 cases of persons with IGIDS who are the patients of one of the co-writer and on the literature of the subject. The main objective of the paper is to point at an important social problem, which is far from achieving an optimum solution. Raising public awareness of the problem is the main motivation of the authors of the paper.
本文对先天性性别认同障碍综合征(IGIDS)患者所面临的医疗、社会和法律问题进行了探讨。所谓的“变性欲症”对于那些在履行与感知性别一致的社会角色时“碰壁”的人来说是一个巨大的问题。必须强调的是,这些人的社会功能是极其困难的,因为对表现型/躯体性的反对阻碍了他们的自我实现。这篇文章部分基于对600例IGIDS患者的数据分析,这些患者是作者之一的患者,并基于该主题的文献。本文的主要目的是指出一个重要的社会问题,这是远未达到最佳解决方案。提高公众对这一问题的认识是本文作者的主要动机。
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引用次数: 0
AN OUTLINE OF NOUN MORPHOLOGY IN SURGUT AND SALYM KHANTY surgut and salym hanty名词形态概述
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.32008/nordsci2019/b1/v2/12
V. Vorobeva, I. Novitskaya, Dilara Ichkineeva
This study presents findings resulting from a comparative analysis of the system of nominal morphological markers attested by various researchers in the Surgut dialect and in the badly described Salym dialect. The analysis focused on the morphological markers that form paradigms of three nominal categories: case, number and possession. It aimed at systematizing the linguistic data of Surgut and Salym Khanty.
本研究提出了由不同研究者在Surgut方言和Salym方言中证实的名义形态标记系统的比较分析结果。重点分析了构成格、数、占三种名义范畴范式的形态标记。它的目的是将索尔古特和萨利姆·汉蒂的语言资料系统化。
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引用次数: 0
FACULTY’ BELIEFS ABOUT MULTILINGUALISM AND A MULTILINGUAL PEDAGOGICAL APPROACH 教师对多语言使用和多语言教学方法的看法
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.32008/nordsci2019/b1/v2/06
Meiramova Saltanat, Kiambati Kellen
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引用次数: 1
‘BEAUTY AND TRUTH’: THE RHETORIC OF POPULIST DISCOURSE “美与真”:民粹主义话语的修辞
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.32008/nordsci2019/b1/v2/13
Eduard Vlad
The “beauty and truth” in the title reminds one of John Keats’s “Ode on a Grecian Urn.” That is not only a great Romantic poem, but also a highly sophisticated rhetorical discourse. In it, the interwoven voices of the speaker, of the Urn, and of Keats himself as an implied author, exploit the ambivalence and ambiguity of the pronoun “we” in creating speakers and listeners, performers and audiences. The current article explores the rhetoric of populist discourse in one of Nigel Farage’s recent (May 4th, 2019) speeches. The speaker appeals to emotion rather than reason, systematically using anaphoric and epiphoric triads and other rhetorical devices to hammer his messages home. The article undertakes to examine the inconsistency in the speaker’s development of the antagonism between “ordinary,” “patriotic,” “honest” people seen as the vast majority of the British population (far more than the 52% who voted for Brexit in the 2016 referendum) and the remaining tiny minority, including the political and cultural elites, the multinationals, the banks, the hedge funds, identified as THEY. Nigel Farage, the son of a stockbroker, a stockbroker himself, the friend of stockbrokers supporting his campaign, is one of the ordinary, honest people.
标题中的“美与真”让人想起济慈的《希腊瓮颂》。这不仅是一首伟大的浪漫主义诗,也是一篇非常复杂的修辞话语。在这部作品中,演讲者、瓮和济慈作为隐含作者的声音交织在一起,利用代词“我们”的矛盾心理和模糊性,创造了演讲者和听众、表演者和观众。本文探讨了奈杰尔·法拉奇最近(2019年5月4日)演讲中民粹主义话语的修辞。演讲者诉诸情感,而不是理性,系统地使用回指和回指三和弦以及其他修辞手段来传达他的信息。这篇文章致力于研究演讲者在“普通”、“爱国”、“诚实”的人(被视为英国人口的绝大多数,远远超过在2016年公投中投票支持英国退欧的52%)与剩下的极少数人(包括政治和文化精英、跨国公司、银行、对冲基金,被称为THEY)之间的对抗发展中的不一致性。奈杰尔·法拉奇是一个股票经纪人的儿子,他自己也是一个股票经纪人,他的朋友都是支持他竞选的股票经纪人,他是一个普通而诚实的人。
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引用次数: 0
EDUCATION, LOCAL GOVERNMENTS AND THEIR ASSOCIATION: THE CASE OF ESTONIA 教育、地方政府及其关联:以爱沙尼亚为例
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.32008/nordsci2019/b1/v2/05
Sulev Lääne, Indrek Grauberg, Sulev Mäeltsemees, Vallo Olle, Jan Trei
The aim of the article is to analyse the dual role of Estonian local governments and their associations – as providers of educational services and as customers of educational services. This is primarily a qualitative case study, which employs comparative and historical methods. Legislation, case law and relevant scientific literature, as well as practical experiences, are incorporated in this analysis. The key issues considered are the inadequacy of the legal framework, as well as insufficiency of coordination and financing. The article consists of three parts. Firstly, managing general education as the most important task of Estonian local government will be analysed from a legal perspective. Secondly, the role and functions of local governments and their associations in providing various educational services will be analysed. The role of the state and local governments in establishing and maintaining basic schools and upper secondary schools are of key interest. In particular, their financing model. Thirdly, in-service training of local governments in Estonia and its situational aspects are analysed. Finally, the authors make suggestions on how to resolve the identified problems in the complex sphere of local governments and their associations as providers and customers of educational services.
本文的目的是分析爱沙尼亚地方政府及其协会的双重作用-作为教育服务的提供者和作为教育服务的客户。这主要是一个定性的案例研究,采用比较和历史的方法。立法,判例法和相关的科学文献,以及实践经验,都纳入了这一分析。所审议的关键问题是法律框架的不足,以及协调和筹资的不足。本文由三部分组成。首先,将通识教育作为爱沙尼亚地方政府最重要的任务进行管理,并从法律角度进行分析。其次,分析地方政府及其协会在提供各种教育服务中的作用和职能。州和地方政府在建立和维持基础学校和高中方面的作用是关键的兴趣所在。特别是他们的融资模式。第三,分析了爱沙尼亚地方政府在职培训及其情境。最后,作者就如何解决地方政府及其协会作为教育服务提供者和客户的复杂领域中所发现的问题提出了建议。
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引用次数: 0
PREPOSITIONAL GRAMMAR COMPONENT FOR SYNTACTICAL AND LEXICAL DISAMBIGUATION IN RUSSIAN BASED ON CORPUS STATISTICS 基于语料库统计的俄语介词语法成分的句法和词汇消歧
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.32008/nordsci2019/b1/v2/17
Irina V. Azarova, V. Zakharov
Grammatical description of the sentence generation for the particular language is usually split into special morphological and Syntactical modules applied autonomously: the variance of morphological forms posed into the enumeration of constructional augmentations produces the enormous list of possible expositions of structural complexity paying no attention to the statistical plausibility of a construction in question. The usual method of reducing the complexity score of the Syntactical construction is to put morphological block inside the Syntactical one thus determining item structures strictly possible for this entity, to take into consideration the preferences of item occurrences. The Russian prepositional constructions are the clear case of exuberant variability of the structural complexity in case we are to interpret the meaning of the govenee nouns, its syntactical semantics and the governor element – some full word in a sentence or a predicative or nominal centre. In Russian the ambiguity of interpretation of a prepositional construction is formed by several meanings of primary prepositions plus several noun forms with different senses combined with the preposition plus possible difference of semantic classes implied by the govenee nouns. We construct an ontology for Russian prepositional constructions based on the corpus statistics and propose a sample from the grammatical module aimed at the analysis of the above mentioned structural variables.
特定语言的句子生成的语法描述通常被分成自主应用的特殊形态和句法模块:形态形式的变化构成了结构扩增的列举,产生了巨大的结构复杂性的可能展示列表,而不关注所讨论的结构的统计合理性。通常降低句法结构复杂性得分的方法是将形态块放入句法块中,从而确定该实体严格可能的条目结构,以考虑条目出现的偏好。俄语介词结构是结构复杂性的丰富变化的明显例子,如果我们要解释支配名词的意义,它的句法语义和支配元素-句子中的某个完整单词或谓语或名词性中心。在俄语中,介词结构的歧义是由介词的几个主要意义加上与介词结合的几个不同意义的名词形式加上被支配名词所暗示的语义类的可能差异所形成的。本文在语料库统计的基础上构建了俄语介词结构本体,并从语法模块中提出了一个样本,旨在对上述结构变量进行分析。
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引用次数: 0
DRIVERS OF ENGAGEMENT FOR THE PHD STUDENTS WHO PERFORM TEACHING ACTIVITIES 参与教学活动的博士生的驱动因素
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.32008/nordsci2019/b1/v2/04
S. Mișu
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引用次数: 1
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