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MONOPOLIZATION OF EDUCATION: NATIONALIZATION OF CHURCH SCHOOLS IN HUNGARY 教育的垄断:匈牙利教会学校的国有化
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.32008/nordsci2019/b1/v2/09
Ilona Szoro
After World War II, in Hungary the caretaker government formed as a result of the coalition of left-wing and bourgeois parties created the slogan ‘Free state, free church’. The political power promised the churches unrestricted operation, not only in the field of religious life, but also in fulfilling various social functions. However, the consolidating left-wing made efforts to take over control right from the beginning. The left-wing forces, especially the Hungarian communist party forming the government regarded the churches to be their dangerous opponents as they had wideranging social influence. The left-wing has done everything to reduce the churches’ far-reaching social influence. The communist party (in secret), was already busy with preparing the consolidation of monocracy. It regarded the churches as serious rivals not only ideologically, but also from the point of view of the monopolization of ruling. Churches had far-reaching social connections. They were present in almost every villages, towns, and cities. Denominational schools comprised one of the important elements of the churches’ connections. Consequently, the left-wing first of all wanted to acquire church schools. The government kept explaining the public that school nationalization was implemented for the sake of progress and democracy. The communist party considered this school matter as a question of power. Left-wing forces made efforts to gain influence over society to the highest possible extent. They also wanted to control the formulation of the growing generation’s thoughts and view of life. Consequently, acquiring the schools was an important step on the way of expropriating political power.
第二次世界大战后,在匈牙利,左翼和资产阶级政党联合成立了看守政府,并提出了“自由国家,自由教会”的口号。政权承诺教会不受限制地运作,不仅在宗教生活领域,而且在履行各种社会职能方面。然而,巩固的左翼从一开始就努力夺取控制权。左翼势力,特别是组成政府的匈牙利共产党,认为教会是他们的危险对手,因为教会具有广泛的社会影响。左翼想尽一切办法来削弱教会深远的社会影响。共产党(秘密地)已经忙于准备巩固君主制。它不仅在意识形态上,而且从统治垄断的角度来看,都将教会视为严重的竞争对手。教会有着深远的社会关系。他们几乎出现在每个村庄、城镇和城市。教派学校是教会联系的重要组成部分之一。因此,左翼首先想要获得教会学校。政府一直向国民解释说,学校国有化是为了进步和民主主义。共产党认为这个学校的问题是权力问题。左翼势力尽最大努力对社会施加影响。他们还想控制成长中的一代的思想和人生观的形成。因此,收购学校是剥夺政权道路上的重要一步。
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引用次数: 0
FEMINIST AUTOTHANATOGRAPHIES: ALICE JAMES AND SIMONE DE BEAUVOIR
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.32008/nordsci2019/b1/v2/34
V. Vevere
Feminist autobiography is a genre with long-standing literary and philosophical tradition, still some aspects, like, autobiography as “death writing” have come to scholarly attention as of relatively recent. The conceptual framework hinged on the concepts of “tanatography” (defined as an account of a person’s death) and “autotanatography” (defined as an account of one’s own death) makes it possible to take a fresh look into feminist writings from 19th and 20th centuries (Alice James and Simone de Beauvoir). Among the questions for the critical reflection we can mention the following ones: issues of memory and forgetting, of death of the significant other, of aging, of suicide, of literary death (ending the writing career path). Autothanatography is self-death-writing, instead of self-life-writing, even if death is an experience that cannot be had for oneself. The current article takes a look into the auto-death-writing of two women writers: Alice James (1848-1892) – a sister of William and Henry James and Simone de Beauvoir (1908-1986). Although both women’s lives are set almost a century apart and none of them define herself as a feminist writer, their memoirs are written from the vantage point of imminent death. In the first case (James’s) we can speak of her posthumously published diaries, especially their second part written after she was diagnosed with breast cancer. Whereas in the latter (Beauvoir’s) case the autothanatological vibe is felt throughout the whole series of her memoirs (“Memoirs of a dutiful daughter”, “The prime of life”, “Force of circumstance”, “A very easy death”), but especially in the oeuvre “All is said and done” – the writing in anticipation of one’s death. The aspect that is common to both writers is that their memoirs exhibit the strategy of recollection, of re-reading their life events anew in the wake of the end (physical and/or authorial).
女权主义自传是一种具有悠久文学和哲学传统的体裁,但有些方面,比如,自传作为“死亡写作”,最近才引起学术界的关注。“tanatography”(定义为对一个人死亡的描述)和“autotanatography”(定义为对自己死亡的描述)这两个概念的概念框架,使人们有可能重新审视19世纪和20世纪的女权主义作品(爱丽丝·詹姆斯和西蒙娜·德·波伏娃)。在批判性反思的问题中,我们可以提到以下几个问题:记忆和遗忘,重要他人的死亡,衰老,自杀,文学死亡(结束写作生涯)的问题。即使死亡是一种自己无法拥有的经历,但自动死亡是一种自我死亡的写作,而不是自我生命的写作。本文将探讨两位女作家的自动死亡写作:爱丽丝·詹姆斯(1848-1892)——威廉和亨利·詹姆斯的妹妹,西蒙娜·德·波伏娃(1908-1986)。尽管这两位女性的生活相隔近一个世纪,她们都没有将自己定义为女权主义作家,但她们的回忆录都是从即将死亡的有利位置写的。在第一种情况下(詹姆斯的),我们可以谈论她死后出版的日记,尤其是她被诊断出患有乳腺癌后写的第二部分。而在波伏娃的作品中,她的整个回忆录系列(《一个孝顺的女儿的回忆录》、《青春年华》、《环境的力量》、《轻而易举的死亡》)中都能感受到自我死亡的气息,尤其是在她的全部作品《一切都说了,一切都做了》中——在对死亡的预期中写作。两位作家的共同之处在于,他们的回忆录都表现出一种回忆的策略,即在结束后重新阅读他们的生活事件(现实的和/或作者的)。
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引用次数: 0
UNPUBLISHED MANSI DICTIONARY BY P. S. PALLAS – AN UNKNOWN MANSI DIALECT? p.s.帕拉斯未出版的曼西语词典-未知的曼西语方言?
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.32008/nordsci2019/b1/v2/22
Natalia Kosheliuk, Julia Normanskaya
This article presents the research of the recently discovered Mansi dictionary rewritten by A.M. Shegren from the Pallas archive. The uniqueness of this source lays in the fact that its data do not correspond to any known dialects, but has lexical similarities with the Mansi dialect spoken along the Berezovo river. In order to clarify the dialectical identity of this dictionary we had a detailed analysis based on the ProtoMansi reconstruction and the material of the modern Mansi dialects. Also this archival material was analyzed from the point of the dialectal differentiating isoglosses. The research indicated that the language of that new dictionary has a number of characteristics which are absent in other Mansi dialects.
本文对新发现的《满语词典》进行了研究来自帕拉斯档案馆的Shegren。这个来源的独特之处在于它的数据不对应于任何已知的方言,但与别列佐沃河沿岸的曼西方言有词汇上的相似之处。为了明确该词典的辨证同一性,我们在原曼斯语重建和现代曼斯语方言材料的基础上进行了详细的分析。并从方言辨析等音的角度对该档案资料进行了分析。研究表明,该新词典的语言具有许多其他满西方言所没有的特征。
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引用次数: 0
CULTURAL AND EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AMONG ASIAN STUDENTS IN RUSSIA 俄罗斯亚洲学生的文化和情商
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.32008/nordsci2019/b1/v2/03
T. Chkhikvadze
Emotional and cultural intelligence are very important for foreign students during cross-cultural adjustment. Asian students from China, Vietnam, South Korea and Mongolia face different problems during their stay in People’s Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University). In this intercultural context of living and studying they learn to communicate and interpret facial expressions not only of Russian people, but also students from all over the world. The main purpose of this study was to investigate differences in Emotional and cultural intelligence among Asian students from China, Vietnam, South Korea and Mongolia, who study in Russia. We used two questionnaires: Emotional Intelligence Test developed by D.V. Lusin and Cultural Intelligence Scale developed by S.Ang et al. We conducted Kruskal-Wallis H-test, Mann-Whitney U-test and Spearman's rho test. Results indicate the following. Vietnamese students have the highest level of cultural intelligence and its metacognitive, cognitive and behavioral dimensions and lowest level of emotional intelligence namely expression and emotion control, managing their own emotions and intrapersonal emotional intelligence. Chinese students have the highest level of emotional intelligence and all its aspects. Mongolian and Chinese students have the highest level of emotion control. Mongolian students have lowest level of cultural intelligence namely in its metacognitive, and behavioral dimensions. South Korean students have the lowest level of cultural intelligence motivation dimension. Emotional intelligence has negative weak correlation with cognitive dimension of cultural intelligence. Cultural intelligence correlates positively with understanding others emotions, emotion control, interpersonal emotional intelligence and negatively with expression control, intrapersonal emotional intelligence, emotion control.
留学生在跨文化适应过程中,情商和文化智力是非常重要的。来自中国、越南、韩国和蒙古的亚洲学生在俄罗斯人民友谊大学学习期间面临着不同的问题。在这种生活和学习的跨文化背景下,他们不仅要学习俄罗斯人的面部表情,还要学习来自世界各地的学生的面部表情。本研究的主要目的是调查在俄罗斯学习的来自中国、越南、韩国和蒙古的亚洲学生在情绪和文化智力方面的差异。我们使用了两份问卷:由D.V. Lusin开发的情绪智力测试和S.Ang等人开发的文化智力量表。我们进行了Kruskal-Wallis h检验、Mann-Whitney u检验和Spearman rho检验。结果显示如下。越南学生的文化智力及其元认知、认知和行为维度水平最高,情绪智力即表达和情绪控制、管理自己的情绪和个人情绪智力水平最低。中国学生的情商及其各个方面都是最高的。蒙古和中国学生的情绪控制水平最高。蒙古族学生的文化智力水平最低,即在元认知和行为维度上。韩国学生的文化智力动机维度水平最低。情绪智力与文化智力认知维度呈弱负相关。文化智力与理解他人情绪、情绪控制、人际情商呈正相关,与表达控制、人际情商、情绪控制呈负相关。
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引用次数: 0
INNOVATIVE METHODS OF EDUCATION FOR DEVELOPMENT OF LANGUAGE SKILLS  发展语言技能的创新教育方法
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.32008/nordsci2019/b1/v2/08
Marta Gluchmanová
In my paper I focus on teaching foreign languages at the Faculty of. Manufacturing Technologies in Prešov at Technical University in Košice. The current satisfaction of students and teachers of foreign languages at the Faculty is proof that the introduction of new, more efficient and more modern methods and forms of teaching can achieve even better results in the teaching process. Each change brings the need to think about other options on how to improve the current situation, what would be appropriate to incorporate into the learning process to increase the effectiveness of the lesson. I consider that today universities, colleges or other educational institutions already have not enough with the traditional way of teaching. They must respond to changes in technologies, but also to changing the behavior and needs of its clients, in our case the students. Teachers need to understand that if they want their graduates to succeed not only in the domestic but also global labor market, in the foreign language environment, must be something to stand out, be different and offer better services. The faculty's success is also measured by being able to be a leader in innovation, flexibly identifying trends and linking them to the needs of their students. In this regard, I will point out that the fourth industrial revolution is now often highlighted, and as students also see technology growth in their private lives, they are also looking forward to this at the Technical University. All relevant information in the various fields of science and research should be applied at a high level.
在我的论文中,我着重于在学院教授外语。制造技术在Prešov,技术大学在Košice。外国语学院学生和教师的满意度证明,引进新的、更高效的、更现代化的教学方法和形式,可以在教学过程中取得更好的效果。每次改变都需要考虑如何改善现状的其他选择,哪些是适合纳入学习过程的,以提高课程的有效性。我认为今天的大学、学院或其他教育机构已经不满足于传统的教学方式。他们必须对技术的变化做出反应,同时也要改变客户的行为和需求,在我们的案例中是学生。教师们需要明白,如果他们希望他们的毕业生不仅在国内,而且在全球劳动力市场,在外语环境中取得成功,就必须脱颖而出,与众不同,提供更好的服务。衡量学院成功与否的另一个标准是,能否成为创新的领导者,灵活地识别趋势,并将其与学生的需求联系起来。在这方面,我要指出的是,第四次工业革命现在经常被强调,因为学生们也在他们的私人生活中看到了技术的发展,他们也期待着在工业大学看到这一点。各科学和研究领域的所有有关资料都应在高水平上加以应用。
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引用次数: 1
IDENTIFYING FACTORS OF INCIDENCE OF VIOLENCE IN FAMILIES BY WORKERS FROM DEPARTMENT OF SOCIAL AND LEGAL PROTECTION 社会和法律保护部门的工人确定家庭暴力发生的因素
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.32008/nordsci2019/b1/v2/29
Dominika Lisá, A. Bánovčinová
Abuse of children is considered one of the most serious socio-pathological phenomenon that can occur in families. The first indicators of child abuse can be information from doctors, data from teachers, or police notifications. By analyzing several sources, it has been found that no exists only one factor that would have result in child abuse. It is a complex phenomenon that can be caused by a combination of biological, social, cultural economic or environmental factors. The aim of our research was to identify risk factors which workers from the Department of Social and Legal Protection of Children and Social Curatorship observe in families where child abuse is reported. The research has been conducted using a qualitative research strategy. The interview has been used in order to collect the data. The survey sample consisted from 11 workers from the Department of Social and Legal Protection of Children and Social Curatorship by Local Labour Office, Social Affairs and Family. The results show that there are several risk factors present in families where child abuse is present. As the most serious factors, participants have identified lower mental levels of parents, lack of parenting skills. As an important factor in terms of practice, it seems to be also the presence of violence in the family of origin. As our participants have pointed out the cultural context of the family has a great impact on the perception of violence by family members. On the basis of the findings, work not only with the child but also with the whole family is necessary. Prevention has an irreplaceable place here, not only at the primary or secondary level but especially at tertiary level. For effective prevention of child abuse is consistent identification of risk factors. As a deficiency, we perceive that in the Slovak environment there are no standardized methods of neglect assessment that would be used in the practical exercise of social and legal protection of children. In the context of tertiary prevention, it is necessary to focus on preventing the relapse of abuse and preventing further abuse and the development of long-term health psychological and social consequences.
虐待儿童被认为是家庭中可能发生的最严重的社会病理现象之一。虐待儿童的第一个指标可能是来自医生的信息、教师的数据或警察的通知。通过分析几个来源,已经发现不存在只有一个因素会导致虐待儿童。这是一种复杂的现象,可能是由生物、社会、文化、经济或环境因素共同造成的。我们研究的目的是确定儿童社会和法律保护部门的工作人员在报告虐待儿童的家庭中观察到的风险因素。本研究采用定性研究策略进行。访谈是为了收集数据。调查样本包括当地劳工、社会事务和家庭办公室的儿童社会和法律保护司和社会管理司的11名工人。结果表明,在存在虐待儿童的家庭中存在几个风险因素。作为最严重的因素,参与者已经确定父母的心理水平较低,缺乏育儿技能。就实践而言,作为一个重要因素,原生家庭中似乎也存在暴力。正如我们的与会者所指出的那样,家庭的文化背景对家庭成员对暴力的看法有很大的影响。根据调查结果,不仅要与孩子一起工作,还要与整个家庭一起工作。预防在这里不仅在小学或中学一级,而且在大学一级尤其具有不可替代的地位。为了有效地预防虐待儿童,必须始终如一地确定危险因素。作为一个缺陷,我们认为,在斯洛伐克的环境中,没有标准的忽视评估方法可用于对儿童的实际社会和法律保护。在三级预防方面,必须把重点放在防止再次发生虐待和防止进一步的虐待以及造成长期的健康、心理和社会后果上。
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引用次数: 0
CONTEMPORARY NOMADISM AND REVIVAL OF COMMUNITY LIFE 当代游牧主义与社区生活的复兴
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.32008/nordsci2019/b1/v2/33
Jana Waldnerová, V. Jakubovská
The text focuses on the problem of contemporary nomadism, which can be observed in a variety of forms in our culture and everyday life too, in its relation to the revival of cultural life. It aims at introducing causes, sources, representation, forms, and consequences of contemporary nomadism in our culture. We shall combine the contemporary representation of nomadism and pay our attention to new forms of community life, which have their base in the fellowship, rootedness and self-fullfilment of individuals. The text deals also with the new communicative concept of community, which is dynamic, creative and innovative. The community will be understood as an open phenomenon that is oriented not only to its preservation but also to its creation and reproduction, which is willingly constructed within the process of social communication.
本文关注的是当代游牧主义的问题,它在我们的文化和日常生活中也以各种形式表现出来,与文化生活的复兴有关。它旨在介绍我们文化中当代游牧主义的原因、来源、表现、形式和后果。我们将结合游牧主义的当代表现形式,并关注社区生活的新形式,这些形式的基础是个人的友谊、扎根和自我实现。本文还探讨了社区的新交往理念,它具有动态性、创造性和创新性。社区将被理解为一种开放的现象,不仅面向其保存,而且面向其创造和再生产,这是在社会交流过程中自愿构建的。
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引用次数: 0
QUALITY OF LIFE OF THE PERSONS WITH INBORN GENDER IDENTITY DISORDER SYNDROME 先天性性别认同障碍综合征患者的生活质量
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.32008/nordsci2019/b1/v2/31
A. Karnat
The paper discusses the issue of quality of life of persons with Inborn Gender Identity Disorder Syndrome (IGIDS). The sociological concept of quality of life is a useful concept to explain many aspects of social activity and social practices implemented by individuals as well as specific social groups and categories. So far, in Poland, there is no comprehensive (in the legal, medical and social sense) solution to the problems of persons with IGIDS [1]. This leads to discrimination and significantly worsens the conditions for their functioning in society. The high frequency of suicidal thoughts and attempts (including frequent self-mutilation) among this social category is the best proof of how uncomfortable life is for people with this congenital disorder and how much difficulty they have to face. Negative social perception only deepens their sense of marginalisation and alienation. Therefore, sociological identification of the real problems of persons with IGIDS becomes very important as regards the attempts to improve this situation. The purpose of the paper is to consider the research possibilities of getting to know the lifestyles and quality of life of persons with IGIDS. Sociological recognition of these issues may be useful from the point of view of the impact on raising public awareness of this developmental disorder. It can also contribute to a better understanding of the problems of those affected by the public. Raising awareness of this problem seems to be an antidote to negative prejudices and marginalisation of persons with IGIDS that are found in society.
本文讨论了先天性性别认同障碍综合征(IGIDS)患者的生活质量问题。生活质量的社会学概念是一个有用的概念,可以解释由个人以及特定的社会群体和类别实施的社会活动和社会实践的许多方面。迄今为止,波兰还没有(在法律、医疗和社会意义上)全面解决IGIDS患者的问题[1]。这导致歧视,并大大恶化了他们在社会中发挥作用的条件。在这一社会类别中,自杀念头和企图(包括频繁的自残)的高频率最好地证明了患有这种先天性疾病的人的生活是多么不舒服,以及他们必须面对多少困难。负面的社会认知只会加深他们的边缘化和疏离感。因此,对IGIDS患者的真正问题进行社会学鉴定对于改善这种状况的尝试变得非常重要。本文的目的是考虑了解IGIDS患者的生活方式和生活质量的研究可能性。从提高公众对这种发育障碍的认识的影响来看,社会学对这些问题的认识可能是有用的。它还有助于更好地理解那些受公众影响的人的问题。提高对这一问题的认识似乎是消除社会上对IGIDS患者的负面偏见和边缘化的一剂良药。
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引用次数: 0
THE FORMATION OF STUDENT KEY COMPETENCES BASED ON BUSINESS ENGLISH 基于商务英语的学生关键能力的形成
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.32008/nordsci2019/b1/v2/11
Irina R. Peterson
This article analyzes the experience of teaching a foreign language in the field of "Advertising and Public Relations." Taking into account the specifics of the process of training specialists in advertising and public relations, to form a communicative competence that allows graduates to act in the field of public, professional communication effectively is crucial. At the same time, we are talking about the development of communicative competence as a complex concept, which is the first condition for professionally oriented communication. The study of a professional foreign language forms the competence of future specialists in advertising and public relations necessary for the implementation of professional activities. An additional resource for improving the communicative competence of future specialists is revealed the correlation of a foreign language with the disciplines of specialization. This contributes to the development of students' cognitive activity, creativity, teamwork, and analytical skills. The course is based on the CLIL methodology. When designing the course, the teacher should take into account such factors as the age of students, their social and linguistic environment, and the degree of familiarity with the study of subjects in a foreign language. Conducting classes in the CLIL format implies increased requirements for a Business English teacher, who will have to be ready to involve colleagues from other subject departments in the preparation and conduct of classes. Nowadays, learning practices change, new resources appear. Mobile learning (mLearning) can be an answer to the challenge of a modern world. In mLearning, the focus is on a variety of problems, from how students’ access to content to how the idea of content is defined. When developing the course of Business English, one of the essential pedagogical tasks was the formation of students ' ability to further independent study of a foreign language/languages and business culture, including the use of modern information technologies. We hope that this study will be useful both for researchers and practitioners designing an academic course, "Business English" for students studying advertising and public relations.
本文分析了“广告与公共关系”专业外语教学的经验。考虑到培训广告和公共关系专家的具体过程,形成一种交际能力,使毕业生能够在公共领域有效地进行专业沟通是至关重要的。同时,我们把交际能力的发展作为一个复杂的概念来讨论,这是专业化交际的首要条件。专业外语的学习形成了未来的广告和公共关系专家的能力,这是实施专业活动所必需的。提高未来专家交际能力的另一个资源揭示了外语与专业学科的相关性。这有助于学生的认知活动、创造力、团队合作和分析能力的发展。本课程以CLIL教学法为基础。在设计课程时,教师应考虑学生的年龄、社会和语言环境以及对外语学科的熟悉程度等因素。以CLIL格式授课意味着对商务英语教师的要求增加,他们必须准备好与其他学科部门的同事一起准备和授课。如今,学习方法发生了变化,新的资源出现了。移动学习(mLearning)可以成为应对现代世界挑战的答案。在移动学习中,重点是各种各样的问题,从学生如何获取内容到如何定义内容的概念。在开发商务英语课程时,基本的教学任务之一是培养学生进一步独立学习一门外语和商业文化的能力,包括现代信息技术的使用。我们希望这项研究对设计一门针对广告和公共关系专业学生的学术课程“商务英语”的研究者和实践者都有帮助。
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引用次数: 0
UNIQUE FEATURES OF THE NOMINAL MORPHOLOGICAL SYSTEMS IN THE EASTERN DIALECTS OF KHANTY 汉特东部方言名词法系统的独特之处
Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.32008/nordsci2019/b1/v2/21
V. Vorobeva, I. Novitskaya
This paper presents results of a study aiming at identifying unique features in the system of morphological markers of the noun in four idioms of Eastern Khanty (Vakh, Vasyugan, Surgut and Salym). The analysis focuses on the paradigms of three nominal categories: number, possession, and case. It draws on the linguistic data obtained from various grammars of Khanty written over the period from the nineteenth century to the present time. The analysis also incorporates the field data obtained during research trips to the speakers of the Vakh-Vasyugan idiom. The findings point to the fact that the differences are either morphological or phonological, and are sometimes of debatable nature.
本文介绍了东汉特语(Vakh、Vasyugan、Surgut和Salym)四个习语中名词形态标记系统的独特之处。分析的重点是三个名词范畴的范式:数、占有和格。它借鉴了从19世纪到现在的汉蒂的各种语法中获得的语言数据。该分析还结合了在对使用瓦克-瓦苏甘习语的人进行考察期间获得的实地数据。研究结果指出,这些差异要么是形态学上的,要么是音系上的,有时是有争议的。
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引用次数: 0
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NORDSCI International Conference Proceedings Education and Language edition
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