Active magnetic bearings (AMBs) have several advantages such as non-contact and active control, and are getting more applications in rotating machinery. Various control strategies have been applied and designed for this nonlinear system with complex rotor dynamics. Most control schemes are in time domain, while the control in frequency domain, which is also essential for stability, is rarely considered. In this paper, a time-frequency domain control approach is proposed for AMB-rotor system. The control scheme is implemented using wavelet theory and deep learning theory. The controller consists of 2 main parts: a filter bank for discrete wavelet transform (DWT) to obtain time-frequency signal, and a deep neural network (DNN) for nonlinear adaptive control. A 4-DOF AMB-rotor system is analyzed and its model is established. The rotor dynamics are simulated and the results are compared. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed approach has an obvious control effect in improving precision in time domain and stability in frequency domain. This research provides a new adaptive control approach for AMBs, and this approach can also be adopted in other multi-dimension vibration control, especially in multi-frequency applications.
{"title":"A Time-Frequency Domain Adaptive Control Approach for Vibration of Active Magnetic Bearing System","authors":"X. Yao, Zhaobo Chen","doi":"10.1115/imece2021-69771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-69771","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Active magnetic bearings (AMBs) have several advantages such as non-contact and active control, and are getting more applications in rotating machinery. Various control strategies have been applied and designed for this nonlinear system with complex rotor dynamics. Most control schemes are in time domain, while the control in frequency domain, which is also essential for stability, is rarely considered. In this paper, a time-frequency domain control approach is proposed for AMB-rotor system. The control scheme is implemented using wavelet theory and deep learning theory. The controller consists of 2 main parts: a filter bank for discrete wavelet transform (DWT) to obtain time-frequency signal, and a deep neural network (DNN) for nonlinear adaptive control. A 4-DOF AMB-rotor system is analyzed and its model is established. The rotor dynamics are simulated and the results are compared. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed approach has an obvious control effect in improving precision in time domain and stability in frequency domain. This research provides a new adaptive control approach for AMBs, and this approach can also be adopted in other multi-dimension vibration control, especially in multi-frequency applications.","PeriodicalId":146533,"journal":{"name":"Volume 13: Safety Engineering, Risk, and Reliability Analysis; Research Posters","volume":"199 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122561963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Systematic failure analysis enhances the ability of decision makers to implement strategies that are beneficial to systems they manage. However, in industrial maintenance activities such as, Major overhauls, outages, shutdowns and turnarounds (MoOSTs) there is scarcity of knowledge and experience, limiting the effectiveness of such failure analysis. Transformation of knowledgeable actions generated from experts’ tacit based knowledge from performing MoOSTs is encouraged. A key step to achieve such transformation is by prioritizing maintenance efforts by critically assessing relevant maintenance attributes. Criticality analysis of tasks is considered as an effective approach for prioritizing MoOSTs activities. This paper combines a traditional approach for analysing attributes of frequency and consequence factor values ranked by experts using a mathematical relationship to determine critical activities as well as a fuzzy logic system to develop a fuzzy inference system (FIS) for generating fuzzy criticality numbers of MoOSTs activities. In this regard, the traditional method qualitative criticality matrix, and boundary settings by experts provide baseline information for the FIS, to establish If-Then rules and map membership functions of two crisp inputs and output. Practical applicability is demonstrated using a Raw Mill System (RMS) from a cement manufacturing plant. The comparison of results from the two methods shows slight variations in criticality numbers, howbeit a consistent ability to capture critical MoOSTs activities. Moreover, the validity of results obtained by the fuzzy logic system is enhanced and more superior because it can demonstrate sensitivity.
{"title":"A Multi-Attribute Knowledge Criticality Framework for Ranking Major Maintenance Activities: A Case Study of Cement Raw Mill Plant","authors":"Lilian. O. Iheukwumere-Esotu, A. Yunusa‐Kaltungo","doi":"10.1115/imece2021-72943","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-72943","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Systematic failure analysis enhances the ability of decision makers to implement strategies that are beneficial to systems they manage. However, in industrial maintenance activities such as, Major overhauls, outages, shutdowns and turnarounds (MoOSTs) there is scarcity of knowledge and experience, limiting the effectiveness of such failure analysis. Transformation of knowledgeable actions generated from experts’ tacit based knowledge from performing MoOSTs is encouraged. A key step to achieve such transformation is by prioritizing maintenance efforts by critically assessing relevant maintenance attributes. Criticality analysis of tasks is considered as an effective approach for prioritizing MoOSTs activities. This paper combines a traditional approach for analysing attributes of frequency and consequence factor values ranked by experts using a mathematical relationship to determine critical activities as well as a fuzzy logic system to develop a fuzzy inference system (FIS) for generating fuzzy criticality numbers of MoOSTs activities. In this regard, the traditional method qualitative criticality matrix, and boundary settings by experts provide baseline information for the FIS, to establish If-Then rules and map membership functions of two crisp inputs and output. Practical applicability is demonstrated using a Raw Mill System (RMS) from a cement manufacturing plant. The comparison of results from the two methods shows slight variations in criticality numbers, howbeit a consistent ability to capture critical MoOSTs activities. Moreover, the validity of results obtained by the fuzzy logic system is enhanced and more superior because it can demonstrate sensitivity.","PeriodicalId":146533,"journal":{"name":"Volume 13: Safety Engineering, Risk, and Reliability Analysis; Research Posters","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133716106","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aneesh A. Chand, Kushal A. Prasad, K. R. Sharma, Sumesh Narayan, K. Mamun, F. Islam, Nallapaneni Manoj Kumar, S. S. Chopra
Integrated Work System (IWS) and Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) are two popular approaches used by production firms to identify and eliminate production losses. In a highly competitive business environment, companies must increase their efficiency in the manufacturing process to support resilient business continuity. While OEE is widely used as a quantitative tool for measuring the performance of total productive maintenance (TPM), the IWS approach integrates equipment, processes, and involvement of people into a unified approach to reduce costs, improve quality, and increase productivity. Principally, there is an alignment between the two concepts. The IWS has the potential to maximize OEE to eliminate equipment failure and defects, minimizing downtime and maximizing productivity with less time, effort, and waste. The purpose of this work is to compare the performance of the OEE with the implementation of the IWS pillar, i.e., autonomous maintenance (AM). The rollout of the AM pillar was carried out on the two identical packaging machines (HLP1) with a speed of 120 packets per minute. The data which is shown in this paper is for both machines during the operational hours. Finally, the analysis showed positive results for both machines within a five-month period, with an increase of 27% and 15% in OEE, respectively. Later in the discussion, the root cause and SWOT analysis were perused for OEE and TPM, respectively, in this paper.
{"title":"Improving Overall Equipment Effectiveness by Enabling Autonomous Maintenance Pillar for Integrated Work Systems","authors":"Aneesh A. Chand, Kushal A. Prasad, K. R. Sharma, Sumesh Narayan, K. Mamun, F. Islam, Nallapaneni Manoj Kumar, S. S. Chopra","doi":"10.1115/imece2021-66623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-66623","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Integrated Work System (IWS) and Overall Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) are two popular approaches used by production firms to identify and eliminate production losses. In a highly competitive business environment, companies must increase their efficiency in the manufacturing process to support resilient business continuity. While OEE is widely used as a quantitative tool for measuring the performance of total productive maintenance (TPM), the IWS approach integrates equipment, processes, and involvement of people into a unified approach to reduce costs, improve quality, and increase productivity. Principally, there is an alignment between the two concepts. The IWS has the potential to maximize OEE to eliminate equipment failure and defects, minimizing downtime and maximizing productivity with less time, effort, and waste. The purpose of this work is to compare the performance of the OEE with the implementation of the IWS pillar, i.e., autonomous maintenance (AM). The rollout of the AM pillar was carried out on the two identical packaging machines (HLP1) with a speed of 120 packets per minute. The data which is shown in this paper is for both machines during the operational hours. Finally, the analysis showed positive results for both machines within a five-month period, with an increase of 27% and 15% in OEE, respectively. Later in the discussion, the root cause and SWOT analysis were perused for OEE and TPM, respectively, in this paper.","PeriodicalId":146533,"journal":{"name":"Volume 13: Safety Engineering, Risk, and Reliability Analysis; Research Posters","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134585614","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Mgebrishvili, M. Iavich, Tengiz Tabidze, A. Nodia
For the safety of train traffic, the most important step is the introduction of a new type of rail circuits — fiber-optic rail circuits. The high sensitivity of the fiber optic cable to external influences (deformation, vibration) is an important property both for fixing mechanical damage to rails and for monitoring railway rolling stock. The branches (fragments) of the optical fiber through mechanical amplifiers perform both the functions of the information perception element — the sensor and the conducting channel of the transmitted information. Using reflectometer OTDR (Optical Time Domain Reflectometer), based on the analysis of the backscattered light signal, the form of the effect that caused the bending is determined. Knowing the exact distance between the OTDR and the sensors, when analyzing the received signals, it is possible to determine different parameters of the passing rolling stock. The article shows the schematic diagram and the algorithm of the proposed system developed by the authors.
为了保证列车交通的安全，最重要的一步是引入一种新型的轨道电路——光纤轨道电路。光纤电缆对外界影响(变形、振动)的高灵敏度是固定轨道机械损伤和监测铁路车辆的重要特性。通过机械放大器的光纤分支(片段)既充当信息感知元件——传感器的功能，又充当传输信息的传导通道。利用反射计OTDR (Optical Time Domain reflectometer)，在分析后向散射光信号的基础上，确定了引起弯曲效应的形式。了解OTDR与传感器之间的确切距离，在分析接收到的信号时，可以确定通过车辆的不同参数。文章给出了作者开发的系统的原理图和算法。
{"title":"Development of Algorithms for Improving Fiber-Optical Rail Circuit on Railway Spans","authors":"N. Mgebrishvili, M. Iavich, Tengiz Tabidze, A. Nodia","doi":"10.1115/imece2021-67732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-67732","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 For the safety of train traffic, the most important step is the introduction of a new type of rail circuits — fiber-optic rail circuits.\u0000 The high sensitivity of the fiber optic cable to external influences (deformation, vibration) is an important property both for fixing mechanical damage to rails and for monitoring railway rolling stock.\u0000 The branches (fragments) of the optical fiber through mechanical amplifiers perform both the functions of the information perception element — the sensor and the conducting channel of the transmitted information.\u0000 Using reflectometer OTDR (Optical Time Domain Reflectometer), based on the analysis of the backscattered light signal, the form of the effect that caused the bending is determined. Knowing the exact distance between the OTDR and the sensors, when analyzing the received signals, it is possible to determine different parameters of the passing rolling stock.\u0000 The article shows the schematic diagram and the algorithm of the proposed system developed by the authors.","PeriodicalId":146533,"journal":{"name":"Volume 13: Safety Engineering, Risk, and Reliability Analysis; Research Posters","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114570269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Under the background of economic globalization, more and more car-builders not only supply railway vehicles to domestic market, but also actively bidding international projects and deliver products all over the world. The railway vehicle design standards are significantly different throughout the world. Using carbody system as example, the popular standards include European standard system (EN), British standard GM/RT 2100, International Union of Railways (UIC) standard system, US standard system (AAR/APTA/ASME) and Japanese standard system (JIS). In addition, some country’s standard might have special requirement based on local conditions and culture. These various standards will inevitably present different carbody design requirements. Among the above standards, EN and US standards are applicable to Europe, China, and America, which are largest railway vehicle markets in the world. This paper will introduce the history and characteristics of the mainstream rail vehicle standards worldwide and analyze the relationship between standard and vehicle design. Light Rail Vehicle (LRV), subway and commuter rail vehicle (multi-level vehicle) are selected as typical examples for the interpretation and application of US standard and EN standard separately. The 3 major requirements of carbody design, including static strength, fatigue strength and crashworthiness, are compared between US and EN standards to specify the general difference as well as the influence on the carbody design, such as material distribution, structure development, which could provide valuable reference for researchers and engineers in the rail vehicle industry to define and design new products more efficiently across different country’s rail standards.
{"title":"Study of Carbody Structure Design Under Different Standards","authors":"Jianran Wang, Xiaofang Liu, Haifeng Zhang, Qi Luo, Shihong Jiang, Haifeng Hong","doi":"10.1115/imece2021-67822","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-67822","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Under the background of economic globalization, more and more car-builders not only supply railway vehicles to domestic market, but also actively bidding international projects and deliver products all over the world. The railway vehicle design standards are significantly different throughout the world. Using carbody system as example, the popular standards include European standard system (EN), British standard GM/RT 2100, International Union of Railways (UIC) standard system, US standard system (AAR/APTA/ASME) and Japanese standard system (JIS). In addition, some country’s standard might have special requirement based on local conditions and culture. These various standards will inevitably present different carbody design requirements. Among the above standards, EN and US standards are applicable to Europe, China, and America, which are largest railway vehicle markets in the world. This paper will introduce the history and characteristics of the mainstream rail vehicle standards worldwide and analyze the relationship between standard and vehicle design. Light Rail Vehicle (LRV), subway and commuter rail vehicle (multi-level vehicle) are selected as typical examples for the interpretation and application of US standard and EN standard separately. The 3 major requirements of carbody design, including static strength, fatigue strength and crashworthiness, are compared between US and EN standards to specify the general difference as well as the influence on the carbody design, such as material distribution, structure development, which could provide valuable reference for researchers and engineers in the rail vehicle industry to define and design new products more efficiently across different country’s rail standards.","PeriodicalId":146533,"journal":{"name":"Volume 13: Safety Engineering, Risk, and Reliability Analysis; Research Posters","volume":"78 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123606448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Given the significant technological advances over the past few years, autonomous vehicles are gradually entering the industrialization stage. Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensors are seeing increased use in autonomous vehicles. However, the final implementation of the technology remains undetermined because major automotive manufacturers have just started selecting providers for data-collection units that can be introduced in commercial vehicles. Autonomous driving tests are, up to now, handled mostly in sunny environments, such as California or Texas. However, the quality of the detection under fog, rain and snow, especially if they are extreme, becomes severely degraded, especially regarding range. In this work the performance of LiDAR sensors under adverse weather conditions and the effects of LiDAR channels on object detection were investigated. Results showed that fog severely affected LiDAR performance. Rain also had a slight effect on performance, but snow did not affect LiDAR performance. Results also showed that both dense fog and heavy rain affected object and operating range detection by LiDAR sensors.
{"title":"Effect of Weather on the Performance of Autonomous Vehicle LiDAR Sensors","authors":"J. Abdo, Spencer Hamblin, Genshe Chen","doi":"10.1115/imece2021-73770","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-73770","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Given the significant technological advances over the past few years, autonomous vehicles are gradually entering the industrialization stage. Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensors are seeing increased use in autonomous vehicles. However, the final implementation of the technology remains undetermined because major automotive manufacturers have just started selecting providers for data-collection units that can be introduced in commercial vehicles. Autonomous driving tests are, up to now, handled mostly in sunny environments, such as California or Texas. However, the quality of the detection under fog, rain and snow, especially if they are extreme, becomes severely degraded, especially regarding range. In this work the performance of LiDAR sensors under adverse weather conditions and the effects of LiDAR channels on object detection were investigated. Results showed that fog severely affected LiDAR performance. Rain also had a slight effect on performance, but snow did not affect LiDAR performance. Results also showed that both dense fog and heavy rain affected object and operating range detection by LiDAR sensors.","PeriodicalId":146533,"journal":{"name":"Volume 13: Safety Engineering, Risk, and Reliability Analysis; Research Posters","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127033411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Kano, T. Monda, Tomoyuki Suzuki, Hideaki Uehara, T. Fumikura, K. Hirohata
Prognostic health monitoring technologies for power electronic systems assess their performance degradation, load histories, and degrees of fatigue in order to increase maintenance effectiveness, reliability design methods, and equipment availability under conditions of actual use. To improve reliability and reduce downtime, prediction of reliability in terms of thermal fatigue life under field conditions is important, as is the use of load and health monitoring data from the field in cases of performance degradation during use, maintenance, and field failure. The fatigue life of solder joints is also affected by whether the load history waveform is symmetric or asymmetric. In this paper, we propose a novel health monitoring method for thermal fatigue failure corresponding to time-dependent inelastic strain response, such as in asymmetric cycles, by use of a surrogate model obtained by a finite element method-based thermal stress simulation. We applied this method to an insulated-gate bipolar transistor power module capable of monitoring module temperature, electrical performance, and number of revolutions of the cooling fan. With the proposed method, inelastic strain cycles and thermal fatigue life distribution of solder joints could be estimated from their temperature monitoring history. The method was judged to be useful for assessing thermal load histories and estimating thermal fatigue life in prognostic health monitoring.
{"title":"Prognostic Health Monitoring Method for Thermal Fatigue Failure of Power Modules Based on Finite Element Method-Based Lagrangian Neural Networks","authors":"A. Kano, T. Monda, Tomoyuki Suzuki, Hideaki Uehara, T. Fumikura, K. Hirohata","doi":"10.1115/imece2021-70783","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-70783","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Prognostic health monitoring technologies for power electronic systems assess their performance degradation, load histories, and degrees of fatigue in order to increase maintenance effectiveness, reliability design methods, and equipment availability under conditions of actual use. To improve reliability and reduce downtime, prediction of reliability in terms of thermal fatigue life under field conditions is important, as is the use of load and health monitoring data from the field in cases of performance degradation during use, maintenance, and field failure. The fatigue life of solder joints is also affected by whether the load history waveform is symmetric or asymmetric. In this paper, we propose a novel health monitoring method for thermal fatigue failure corresponding to time-dependent inelastic strain response, such as in asymmetric cycles, by use of a surrogate model obtained by a finite element method-based thermal stress simulation. We applied this method to an insulated-gate bipolar transistor power module capable of monitoring module temperature, electrical performance, and number of revolutions of the cooling fan. With the proposed method, inelastic strain cycles and thermal fatigue life distribution of solder joints could be estimated from their temperature monitoring history. The method was judged to be useful for assessing thermal load histories and estimating thermal fatigue life in prognostic health monitoring.","PeriodicalId":146533,"journal":{"name":"Volume 13: Safety Engineering, Risk, and Reliability Analysis; Research Posters","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126747184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Lauren Eichaker, Cameron Trepeck, M. Arnett, H. F. Chen, J. Wiechel, D. Guenther
Vehicle accidents remain a leading contribution to accidental deaths in the United States. Recently, there has been increased interest on how differences in cargo loading affect crash kinematics. This paper demonstrates that at a particular speed, increases in the vehicle cargo weight can influence the magnitude of the vehicle deformation. Larger deformations may involve greater intrusion into the occupant space. This increased intrusion may adversely affect the injury potential for the occupant by reducing survivable space and overcoming safety features. Additionally, an accident reconstructionist may need to consider the difference in cargo loading and distribution when calculating specific accident characteristics in their analyses. For example, the kinetic energy change between loaded and unloaded conditions is a feature of interest during vehicle collisions. These concepts were validated using Engineering Dynamic Company’s (EDC) Human, Vehicle, Environment (HVE) accident reconstruction software. The HVE analysis included simulating impacts of vehicles with varying cargo loads; HVE was also used to visualize the concepts described above. The case studies will have approximately similar BEV’s, crash speeds and other vehicle characteristics.
在美国，交通事故仍然是造成意外死亡的主要原因。最近，人们对货物装载差异如何影响碰撞运动学的研究越来越感兴趣。本文论证了在一定速度下，车辆载货重量的增加会影响车辆变形的大小。较大的变形可能涉及更大的侵入占用空间。这种增加的侵入可能会减少乘员的生存空间和克服安全特性，从而对乘员的潜在伤害产生不利影响。此外，事故再现学家在分析计算特定事故特征时，可能需要考虑货物装载和分布的差异。例如，在车辆碰撞过程中，加载和卸载状态之间的动能变化是一个有趣的特征。这些概念使用Engineering Dynamic Company (EDC)的人、车、环境(HVE)事故重建软件进行了验证。HVE分析包括模拟不同载货车辆的碰撞;HVE还用于将上述概念可视化。案例研究将具有大致相似的BEV，碰撞速度和其他车辆特性。
{"title":"Increased Vehicle Intrusion as a Result of Vehicle Weight","authors":"Lauren Eichaker, Cameron Trepeck, M. Arnett, H. F. Chen, J. Wiechel, D. Guenther","doi":"10.1115/imece2021-71294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-71294","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Vehicle accidents remain a leading contribution to accidental deaths in the United States. Recently, there has been increased interest on how differences in cargo loading affect crash kinematics. This paper demonstrates that at a particular speed, increases in the vehicle cargo weight can influence the magnitude of the vehicle deformation. Larger deformations may involve greater intrusion into the occupant space. This increased intrusion may adversely affect the injury potential for the occupant by reducing survivable space and overcoming safety features. Additionally, an accident reconstructionist may need to consider the difference in cargo loading and distribution when calculating specific accident characteristics in their analyses. For example, the kinetic energy change between loaded and unloaded conditions is a feature of interest during vehicle collisions. These concepts were validated using Engineering Dynamic Company’s (EDC) Human, Vehicle, Environment (HVE) accident reconstruction software. The HVE analysis included simulating impacts of vehicles with varying cargo loads; HVE was also used to visualize the concepts described above. The case studies will have approximately similar BEV’s, crash speeds and other vehicle characteristics.","PeriodicalId":146533,"journal":{"name":"Volume 13: Safety Engineering, Risk, and Reliability Analysis; Research Posters","volume":"189 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132402255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dillon Cvetic-Thomas, Amy Tattershall, E. Jackson, Dane Robergs, Funmilola Nwokocha, Andrei N. Zagrai
Real-time data acquisition and structural health monitoring (SHM) are in any aerospace black box. To facilitate the development of such technologies, test payload architectures must be designed to safely deliver experimental components to the environments they are expected to perform in. The purpose of this project was to design, analyze, assemble, and launch a payload enclosure system as part of a collaborative experiment involving SHM by New Mexico Tech and distributed data acquisition by Immortal Data Inc. Particular attention was given to the integration of the hardware pertaining to the SHM experiment. This experiment monitors the condition of a cantilever beam throughout the flight using an electro-mechanical impedance method. The enclosure mount was designed to tolerate the vibrational, thermal, and g-loads experience in suborbital flight. With these criteria in mind, ULTEM 1010, an industrial strength 3D printing material, was chosen due to its significant yield strength and low density when compared to other 3D printing material and aluminum candidates. To determine whether or not the tolerances and requirements are sufficiently met, finite element analysis of the payload structure was performed in COMSOL Multiphysics and Solidworks. Stresses due to acceleration loads, de-spinning events, and ground impact were evaluated and safety factors were determined. To enable the electro-mechanical impedance diagnostics, a thin piezoelectric wafer sensor was bonded to the beam and connected to a miniaturized impedance analyzer. This system allowed for local storage of the electro-mechanical impedance data. Validation of this experimental setup was performed in laboratory conditions in which the impedance of the beam was measured in several frequency bands. Based on dynamic characteristics of the beam, low frequency bandwidth was selected for impedance analysis. Numerical studies confirm the enclosure design’s validity and the possibility of electro-mechanical impedance diagnostics of the payload.
{"title":"Mechanical Design and Development of a Suborbital Payload for Real-Time Data Acquisition and Structural Health Monitoring","authors":"Dillon Cvetic-Thomas, Amy Tattershall, E. Jackson, Dane Robergs, Funmilola Nwokocha, Andrei N. Zagrai","doi":"10.1115/imece2021-71881","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-71881","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Real-time data acquisition and structural health monitoring (SHM) are in any aerospace black box. To facilitate the development of such technologies, test payload architectures must be designed to safely deliver experimental components to the environments they are expected to perform in. The purpose of this project was to design, analyze, assemble, and launch a payload enclosure system as part of a collaborative experiment involving SHM by New Mexico Tech and distributed data acquisition by Immortal Data Inc. Particular attention was given to the integration of the hardware pertaining to the SHM experiment. This experiment monitors the condition of a cantilever beam throughout the flight using an electro-mechanical impedance method. The enclosure mount was designed to tolerate the vibrational, thermal, and g-loads experience in suborbital flight. With these criteria in mind, ULTEM 1010, an industrial strength 3D printing material, was chosen due to its significant yield strength and low density when compared to other 3D printing material and aluminum candidates. To determine whether or not the tolerances and requirements are sufficiently met, finite element analysis of the payload structure was performed in COMSOL Multiphysics and Solidworks. Stresses due to acceleration loads, de-spinning events, and ground impact were evaluated and safety factors were determined. To enable the electro-mechanical impedance diagnostics, a thin piezoelectric wafer sensor was bonded to the beam and connected to a miniaturized impedance analyzer. This system allowed for local storage of the electro-mechanical impedance data. Validation of this experimental setup was performed in laboratory conditions in which the impedance of the beam was measured in several frequency bands. Based on dynamic characteristics of the beam, low frequency bandwidth was selected for impedance analysis. Numerical studies confirm the enclosure design’s validity and the possibility of electro-mechanical impedance diagnostics of the payload.","PeriodicalId":146533,"journal":{"name":"Volume 13: Safety Engineering, Risk, and Reliability Analysis; Research Posters","volume":"106 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128192753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The processes used in managing protective system equipment failures in the commercial nuclear power setting are reviewed. We assert that efficacy of protection is governed by maintenance policy that includes system modification, maintenance inter-arrivals as a function of time, and upset inter-arrivals as a function of time; we further assert that such a maintenance policy is the one used in nuclear power plant protective systems. Observations described in this article bear on the impact of time-dependent activities, associated with maintenance policy, as they relate to endogenous and exogenous upset inter-arrival times. We describe why methods evaluating maintenance policy reliant on combinatorial logic, such as Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA), fault trees, or event trees, may lead to ineffective maintenance policy decision-making for protective system efficacy, and we show why this is true. Recommendations for maintaining effective protections, and connections to engineering maintenance practice and regulations are made based on the implications that come from our observations. The importance of the issues described is that relationship of design, maintenance, and repair policies must be properly understood and taken into account by process owners, operators, and investors as well as regulators, who manage protections in hazardous processes.
{"title":"Nuclear Power: On PRA and Protective System Maintenance","authors":"E. Kee, M. Wortman","doi":"10.1115/imece2021-73035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/imece2021-73035","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The processes used in managing protective system equipment failures in the commercial nuclear power setting are reviewed. We assert that efficacy of protection is governed by maintenance policy that includes system modification, maintenance inter-arrivals as a function of time, and upset inter-arrivals as a function of time; we further assert that such a maintenance policy is the one used in nuclear power plant protective systems. Observations described in this article bear on the impact of time-dependent activities, associated with maintenance policy, as they relate to endogenous and exogenous upset inter-arrival times. We describe why methods evaluating maintenance policy reliant on combinatorial logic, such as Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA), fault trees, or event trees, may lead to ineffective maintenance policy decision-making for protective system efficacy, and we show why this is true. Recommendations for maintaining effective protections, and connections to engineering maintenance practice and regulations are made based on the implications that come from our observations. The importance of the issues described is that relationship of design, maintenance, and repair policies must be properly understood and taken into account by process owners, operators, and investors as well as regulators, who manage protections in hazardous processes.","PeriodicalId":146533,"journal":{"name":"Volume 13: Safety Engineering, Risk, and Reliability Analysis; Research Posters","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133914709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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