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Volume 13: Safety Engineering, Risk, and Reliability Analysis; Research Posters最新文献

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Improving Real-Time Methane Monitoring in Longwall Coal Mines Through System Response Characterization of a Multi-Nodal Methane Detection Network 基于多节点甲烷检测网络的系统响应特性改进长壁煤矿甲烷实时监测
B. Cappellini
Methane released from coal during underground mining operations imposes a significant threat to the workers safety and consequently limits production. This paper introduces a method for the monitoring of methane emissions that are released during longwall coal mining operations. Furthermore, it describes the methodology used to test and develop the system’s response characteristics for improved measurement accuracy. The Methane Watchdog System (MWS) is a multi-nodal network of sensors currently under development to improve the safety and productivity during mining operations. The MWS consists of 10 compact sampling units designed to be integrated within the current roof support equipment of mines. Each unit contains an array of sensors to continuously monitor the environmental conditions which include methane concentration, temperature, pressure, and relative humidity. Reduced one-dimensional (1-D) modeling studies provided a useful tool to simulate the longwall mining environment. From the 1-D studies, multiple scenarios were constructed to generate temporal methane distributions that were the result of ventilation and production patterns. Model results were extracted from the proposed MWS sampling locations and used to demonstrate its usefulness and effectiveness within the laboratory setting. The resulting outputs from the system were then used to develop a signal reconstruction technique, which effectively sharpened response times and improved real time measurement accuracy.
煤在地下开采过程中释放的甲烷对工人的安全造成了严重威胁,从而限制了生产。本文介绍了一种长壁煤矿开采过程中甲烷排放的监测方法。此外,它还描述了用于测试和开发系统响应特性以提高测量精度的方法。甲烷监测系统(MWS)是一个多节点传感器网络,目前正在开发中,旨在提高采矿作业期间的安全性和生产率。MWS由10个紧凑的采样单元组成,旨在集成在当前矿山的顶板支护设备中。每个单元都包含一系列传感器,以连续监测环境条件,包括甲烷浓度、温度、压力和相对湿度。简化一维(1-D)建模研究为模拟长壁开采环境提供了一个有用的工具。从一维研究中,构建了多个场景来生成通风和生产模式导致的甲烷时间分布。从建议的MWS采样位置提取模型结果,并用于在实验室环境中证明其有用性和有效性。然后,该系统的输出结果被用于开发信号重建技术,该技术有效地缩短了响应时间,提高了实时测量精度。
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引用次数: 0
Multiobjective Reliability-Based Design of an Aircraft Wing Using a Fuzzy-Based Metaheuristic 基于模糊元启发式的机翼多目标可靠性设计
Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.1115/imece2021-71001
Seksan Winyangkul, Suwin Sleesongsom, Sujin Bureerat
This research presents a new multiobjective fuzzy-based metaheuristic (MOFBMH) for aircraft wing design, which considers the uncertain structural design based on a fuzzy set model. Usually, the objective of this kind of design problem is to minimize weight of the composite wing with failure possibility constraints rather than converting it to multiobjective optimization with a fuzzy variable vector for material properties and loading conditions. The proposed technique is established in the form of multiobjective optimization, which sets the possibilistic safety index (PSI) as an objective function along with structural weight. This technique can explore a possible reliability solution set in one optimization run, which is advantageous. The present technique is one of the posteriori-techniques that start with finding all solutions and choosing it later. Two design examples are used to demonstrate the present technique i.e.simple cantilever beam and composite aeroelastic wing design problems.The results show the proposed technique can explore all possible structures, which are more conservative, and realizable.
提出了一种基于模糊集模型的飞机机翼设计多目标模糊元启发式方法,该方法考虑了结构设计的不确定性。通常,这类设计问题的目标是在失效可能性约束下使复合材料机翼的重量最小化,而不是将其转化为基于材料性能和载荷条件的模糊变量向量的多目标优化。该方法以多目标优化的形式建立,以可能性安全指数(PSI)为目标函数,随结构权重的变化而变化。该技术可以在一次优化运行中探索一个可能的可靠性解集,这是非常有利的。目前的技术是一种后发技术,从找到所有的解决方案开始,然后再选择它。以简单悬臂梁和复合气动弹性翼的设计为例,对该方法进行了验证。结果表明,该方法可以探索所有可能的结构,具有较强的保守性和可实现性。
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引用次数: 5
Spindle Bearings Fault Diagnosis Technique Based on Integration of Zero Resonator Frequency Filter and Discrete Wavelet Packet Transform 基于零谐振器频率滤波和离散小波包变换集成的主轴轴承故障诊断技术
Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.1115/imece2021-73194
Avitus Titus Mwelinde, Hongyu Jin, Jamal Banzi, Hongya Fu, Zhenyu Han
Spindle bearing is one of the machine elements in the spindle that is mostly vulnerable to failure. Its failure may result into total machine tool breakdown and other associated catastrophic consequences. An early identification of the failure is emphasized for reducing extreme damages of the machine tools. This study develops a novel hybrid algorithm combining the Zero Resonator Frequency Filter (ZRFF) and the Discrete Wavelet Packet Transform (DWPT) for early spindle bearing fault detection and diagnosis. The integrated method uses the ZRFF as the first level of de-noising the vibration signals and the DWPT for clear extraction of crucial periodic impulse features that are not easily visible from the first de-noising. The obtained frequency spectrum gives a dominant peak line which corresponds to the fault frequency of interest. An optimum wavelet decomposition level is also determined using the minimum Shannon entropy criteria. The experimental datasets from Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) and simulated signal were used to test the validity of the proposed algorithm. The proposed algorithm had superior performance in terms of computational efficiency (45s) and high classification accuracy of the bearings faults when compared with other methods.
主轴轴承是主轴中最容易发生故障的机械部件之一。它的故障可能导致整个机床的故障和其他相关的灾难性后果。强调故障的早期识别,以减少机床的极端损伤。本文提出了一种将零谐振频率滤波器(ZRFF)和离散小波包变换(DWPT)相结合的新型主轴轴承故障早期检测与诊断混合算法。该综合方法使用ZRFF作为振动信号的第一级去噪,使用DWPT清晰地提取关键的周期脉冲特征,这些特征在第一级去噪中不容易看到。得到的频谱给出了一个主峰线,该主峰线对应于感兴趣的故障频率。利用最小香农熵准则确定了最佳小波分解水平。利用美国凯斯西储大学(CWRU)的实验数据集和仿真信号验证了该算法的有效性。与其他方法相比,该算法在计算效率(45秒)和轴承故障分类精度方面具有优越的性能。
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引用次数: 0
IMECE2021 Front Matter IMECE2021前沿问题
The front matter for this proceedings is available by clicking on the PDF icon.
通过点击PDF图标可获得本次会议的主题。
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引用次数: 0
Senior Capstone Project: A Classroom Heat Exchanger Demonstration Kit 高年级毕业设计:教室热交换器示范套件
Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.1115/imece2021-70833
Matthew Quigley, Jason Klebba, B. Jawad, Liping Liu
Funded by an Undergraduate Program Equipment Grant from ASHARE, five undergraduate students in Mechanical Engineering were tasked to design and build a heat-exchanger demonstration kit as a teaching aid for classroom usage. The students were allotted one semester for design and one semester for assembly. The team researched existing products, performed theoretical calculations, and further identified their constraints with student surveys. The team also consulted several faculty members who are teaching Heat Transfer and Thermal Science Lab to get their input in order to provide a design and construction that best serves the teaching purpose. The final product is a rolling display board (approximately 4 feet wide and 5 feet tall) featuring a concentric tube heat exchanger prominently. An LCD screen allows students to see real-time temperature readings at four predetermined locations. Flow meters output the individual fluid flow rate of the coolant contained in two discrete piping loops. The fluid in these loops can operate in either parallel or counter-flow modes with the flip of a switch. Provisions were made to ensure sustainability and environmental consciousness, such as serviceable components and non-toxic coolant. The project concluded on time and under budget. This teaching kit is expected to help implementing active collaborative learning (ACL) activities in the classroom.
在shaare的本科生项目设备补助金的资助下,五名机械工程专业的本科生被要求设计和制造一套热交换器演示套件,作为课堂教学的辅助工具。学生们被分配了一个学期的设计和一个学期的装配。该团队研究了现有产品,进行了理论计算,并通过学生调查进一步确定了它们的局限性。该团队还咨询了几位教授传热和热科学实验室的教师,以获得他们的意见,以便提供最适合教学目的的设计和构造。最终的产品是一个滚动显示板(大约4英尺宽,5英尺高),突出地具有同心管热交换器。液晶显示屏可以让学生看到四个预定位置的实时温度读数。流量计输出包含在两个离散管道回路中的冷却剂的单个流体流速。这些回路中的流体可以通过翻转开关以平行或逆流模式运行。为确保可持续性和环境意识作出了规定,例如可用部件和无毒冷却剂。这个项目按时按预算完成了。该教学工具包旨在帮助在课堂上实施主动协作学习(ACL)活动。
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引用次数: 0
An Overview of the Research Landscape in the Field of Safe Machine Learning 安全机器学习领域的研究概况
Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.1115/imece2021-69390
George J. Siedel, Stefan Voß, S. Vock
The applicability of ML components in safety-critical systems will significantly depend on whether it will be possible to provide a comprehensive proof of their safety. Three research questions (RQ) are answered in order to provide a starting point for future activities towards the risk assessment of safety-critical systems containing ML components. First, special emphasis was placed on the design of a literature search strategy in order to enable quantitative insights into a representative set of publications (RQ1). Taxonomy analysis, bibliographic data visualization and compiled findings of reviews were therefore combined. A categorization of identified methods towards improving, ensuring and assessing safe machine learning was developed (RQ2). Then, a comparison was made with those methods for safety-critical software that are recommended by the functional safety standard IEC 61508 (RQ3). The comparison and quantification of research activity revealed imbalances within separate research areas. The conclusion is drawn that for the safety assessment of ML systems a comprehensive toolbox of combined methods needs to be converged from procedures within existing safety standards and the broad spectrum of methods proposed by current scientific publications.
机器学习组件在安全关键系统中的适用性将在很大程度上取决于是否有可能提供其安全性的全面证明。回答了三个研究问题(RQ),以便为包含ML组件的安全关键系统的风险评估的未来活动提供起点。首先,特别强调了文献检索策略的设计,以便能够对具有代表性的一组出版物(RQ1)进行定量分析。因此,分类分析、书目数据可视化和综述汇编结果相结合。对改进、确保和评估安全机器学习的确定方法进行了分类(RQ2)。然后,与功能安全标准IEC 61508 (RQ3)推荐的安全关键软件的方法进行了比较。研究活动的比较和量化揭示了不同研究领域内的不平衡。得出的结论是,对于ML系统的安全评估,需要从现有安全标准的程序和当前科学出版物提出的广泛方法中融合一个综合方法工具箱。
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引用次数: 2
Fault Diagnosis With Deep Learning for Standard and Asymmetric Involute Spur Gears 基于深度学习的标准和非对称渐开线直齿轮故障诊断
Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.1115/imece2021-73702
F. Karpat, A. Dirik, O. Kalay, Celalettin Yüce, Oğuz Doğan, Burak Korcuklu
Gears are critical power transmission elements used in various industries. However, varying working speeds and sudden load changes may cause root cracks, pitting, or missing tooth failures. The asymmetric tooth profile offers higher load-carrying capacity, long life, and the ability to lessen vibration than the standard (symmetric) profile spur gears. Gearbox faults that cannot be detected early may lead the entire system to stop or serious damage to the machine. In this regard, Deep Learning (DL) algorithms have started to be utilized for gear early fault diagnosis. This study aims to determine the root crack for both symmetric and asymmetric involute spur gears with a DL-based approach. To this end, single tooth stiffness of the gears was obtained with ANSYS software for healthy and cracked gears (50–100%), and then the time-varying mesh stiffness (TVMS) was calculated. A six-degrees-offreedom dynamic model was developed by deriving the equations of motion of a single-stage spur gear mechanism. The vibration responses were collected for the healthy state, 50% and 100% crack degrees for both symmetric and asymmetric tooth profiles. Furthermore, the white Gaussian noise was added to the vibration data to complicate the early crack diagnosis task. The main contribution of this paper is that it adapts the DL-based approaches used for early fault diagnosis in standard profile involute spur gears to the asymmetric tooth concept for the first time. The proposed method can eliminate the need for large amounts of training data from costly physical experiments. Therefore, maintenance strategies can be improved by early crack detection.
齿轮是各种工业中使用的关键动力传动元件。然而,不同的工作速度和突然的负载变化可能导致根部裂纹,点蚀或缺牙失效。不对称齿廓提供了更高的承载能力,长寿命,并能够减少振动比标准(对称)的轮廓直齿齿轮。如果不能及早发现齿轮箱故障,可能导致整个系统停止运转或对机器造成严重损坏。在这方面,深度学习(DL)算法已开始用于齿轮早期故障诊断。本研究旨在利用基于dl的方法确定对称和非对称渐开线直齿轮的根裂纹。为此,利用ANSYS软件获得健康齿轮和裂纹齿轮(50-100%)的单齿刚度,然后计算时变啮合刚度(TVMS)。推导了单级直齿轮机构的运动方程,建立了六自由度的动力学模型。收集了对称齿形和非对称齿形在健康状态、50%和100%裂纹程度下的振动响应。此外,在振动数据中加入高斯白噪声,使早期裂纹诊断任务复杂化。本文的主要贡献是首次将基于dl的标准齿形渐开线直齿轮早期故障诊断方法应用于非对称齿的概念。该方法可以消除对昂贵的物理实验中大量训练数据的需要。因此,早期的裂纹检测可以改善维修策略。
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引用次数: 4
Verification Study of the Nuclear PRA for the Mars 2020 Mission Following Accidental Orbital Re-Entry 火星2020任务意外重返轨道后核PRA的验证研究
Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.1115/imece2021-71359
Arjun Earthperson, M. Diaconeasa
Today, Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA) plays a vital role in assuring mission success for robotic and crewed missions alike. Current-day PRA techniques integrate multimodal, often black-box analyses to build comprehensive risk profiles. This paper describes a review and verification study of the “Nuclear Risk Assessment for the Mars 2020 Mission Environmental Impact Statement” (N-PRA)[1]. Sandia National Labs conducted the N-PRA for NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL). More specifically, we have verified the source term calculations associated with the release of radionuclides from a Multi-Mission Radiothermoelectic Generator (MMRTG) power source for a limited set of accident scenarios in the case of an accidental re-entry into Earth Orbit with an Earth impacting trajectory. We achieve this by using analytical methods[2] historically implemented for the Cassini Mission PRA[3] for a failed planetary swingby gravity-assist. Our results are within 28% to 56% of the referenced study. Limitations in our methodology are attributed to a lack of modern simulation-based tools and deterministic methods for modeling complex physical phenomena. The results are interpreted and compared with the values presented by the initial authors, along with comments for improving our current methodology.
如今,概率风险评估(PRA)在确保机器人任务和载人任务的成功方面发挥着至关重要的作用。当前的PRA技术集成了多模式,通常是黑盒分析,以建立全面的风险概况。本文描述了对“火星2020任务环境影响声明核风险评估”(N-PRA)[1]的审查和验证研究。桑迪亚国家实验室为美国宇航局喷气推进实验室(JPL)进行了N-PRA。更具体地说,我们已经验证了与多任务辐射热电发电机(MMRTG)电源释放放射性核素相关的源项计算,该计算适用于一组有限的事故情景,即意外重返地球轨道并撞击地球轨迹的情况。我们通过使用历史上卡西尼任务PRA[3]的分析方法来实现这一目标,该方法用于分析重力辅助下失败的行星摆动。我们的结果在参考研究的28%到56%之间。我们的方法的局限性是由于缺乏现代的基于模拟的工具和确定的方法来模拟复杂的物理现象。对结果进行了解释,并与最初作者提出的值进行了比较,同时对我们当前的方法进行了改进。
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引用次数: 0
Attempting To Establish Design Margins for Glassy Polymers In Critical Structural Service 试图建立玻璃聚合物在关键结构服务中的设计余量
Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.1115/imece2021-71836
Bart Kemper, Kaylie Kling Williams
The existing code procedures for glassy polymers are in ASME Safety Standard for Pressure Vessels for Human Occupancy (PVHO-1). The current service spans hostile conditions in the North Sea to controlled medical environments. These procedures are based on an empirical method and do not use material properties. The system is locked into specific shapes and cannot be adjusted to account for yield strength, ultimate strength, and other material considerations. An ASME task group is developing a Design By Analysis (DBA) methodology in order to allow for optimization in current service and innovation in other service. This paper presents the attempt to develop design margins as part of an overall risk assessment process that considers material properties, service conditions, and other factors not currently incorporated in the existing design method. Historical work used to develop the current system are analyzed using modern methods to attempt to quantifiably determine the existing design margins. The challenge is the empirical method implicitly relies on polymer manufacturers to greatly exceed the code. This, coupled with different modes of failure, results in no direct manner to compare PVHOs to conventional ASME pressure vessels design margins.
现有的玻璃聚合物规范程序在ASME人类使用压力容器安全标准(PVHO-1)中。目前的服务范围从北海恶劣的条件到受控的医疗环境。这些程序基于经验方法,不使用材料特性。该系统被锁定为特定的形状,无法根据屈服强度、极限强度和其他材料考虑因素进行调整。一个ASME任务组正在开发一种基于分析的设计(DBA)方法,以便对当前服务进行优化,并对其他服务进行创新。本文提出了开发设计余量作为整体风险评估过程的一部分的尝试,该过程考虑了材料特性、使用条件和其他目前未纳入现有设计方法的因素。使用现代方法分析用于开发当前系统的历史工作,以尝试定量确定现有的设计余量。挑战在于经验方法隐含地依赖于聚合物制造商大大超过代码。这一点,再加上不同的失效模式,导致无法直接将PVHOs与传统ASME压力容器的设计裕度进行比较。
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引用次数: 1
Modular Printed Powered Air Purifying Respirator 模块化打印动力空气净化呼吸器
Pub Date : 2021-11-01 DOI: 10.1115/imece2021-69333
J. Brown, M. Clifford, J. Magaña, Mohd. Salman, D. Tran
At present, the world is undergoing a pandemic spawning from the advent of a new coronavirus outbreak known as COVID-19. As a result, hospital staff, paramedics, first responders, and the general world population have been forced to wear personal protective equipment (PPE) and take special measures to prevent catching the virus. Furthermore, because of this necessity, increasing demand on the PPE supply chain has generated many shortages, especially seen in masks designed to stop the inhalation of COVID-19 particles in the air. This inspired our group to design something that could help make PPE more accessible and affordable for the average person. The proposed is an almost entirely 3D printed design to help keep costs down and make it simplistic, such that anyone with a 3D printer has the potential to duplicate it. We hope that with the design, we can help combat the shortage and keep more people safe from COVID-19.
目前,世界正在经历一场由新型冠状病毒COVID-19爆发引发的大流行。因此,医院工作人员、护理人员、急救人员和世界一般民众被迫佩戴个人防护装备(PPE),并采取特别措施防止感染病毒。此外,由于这种必要性,对个人防护装备供应链的需求不断增加,造成了许多短缺,特别是用于阻止吸入空气中COVID-19颗粒的口罩。这激发了我们的团队设计一些东西,可以帮助人们更容易获得和负担得起个人防护装备。提议的是一个几乎完全3D打印的设计,以帮助降低成本并使其简单化,这样任何拥有3D打印机的人都有可能复制它。我们希望通过这一设计,我们可以帮助解决短缺问题,让更多的人免受COVID-19的侵害。
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引用次数: 0
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Volume 13: Safety Engineering, Risk, and Reliability Analysis; Research Posters
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