In this study, titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles incorporated with cement were synthesis by a simple casting method as a function concentration of TiO2 (0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1, and 2 wt%). The prepared samples were characterized using the technique of Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) and UV-Visible spectrophotometer, which was used to measure the adsorption spectra. The observed photocatalytic efficiency of TiO2 nanoparticles (NP) incorporated with cement was investigated by decomposing the dye methyl blue (MB) solution under sunlight irradiation. According to the slope, the value of the k constant at the best sample is 0.8wt%, k=0.8265 min-1. FESEM image of the TiO2/cement with 0.8 wt% content show the TiO2 NPs were well-attached to cement particles, and they covered the cement surface. The increase in photocatalytic (PC) activity was due to an increase of TiO2 concentration in the cement, which best occur of 0.8 wt% of TiO2 in cement. The degradation at the MB (5ppm) was 98.864 % after 120 min under sunlight irradiation. The method involves easily and simply preparing TiO2/cement that is used in self-cleaning and studying the effect of different festive factors, including the concentration of the dye. The preparation of TiO2/cement was successful as a photocatalyst for a self-cleaning surface.
{"title":"Photocatalytic Degradation of Methyl blue by TiO2 Nanoparticles Incorporated in Cement","authors":"Ban Alshabander, Mays Bassim Abd-Alkader","doi":"10.30723/ijp.v20i1.1042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30723/ijp.v20i1.1042","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles incorporated with cement were synthesis by a simple casting method as a function concentration of TiO2 (0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1, and 2 wt%). The prepared samples were characterized using the technique of Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) and UV-Visible spectrophotometer, which was used to measure the adsorption spectra. The observed photocatalytic efficiency of TiO2 nanoparticles (NP) incorporated with cement was investigated by decomposing the dye methyl blue (MB) solution under sunlight irradiation. According to the slope, the value of the k constant at the best sample is 0.8wt%, k=0.8265 min-1. FESEM image of the TiO2/cement with 0.8 wt% content show the TiO2 NPs were well-attached to cement particles, and they covered the cement surface. The increase in photocatalytic (PC) activity was due to an increase of TiO2 concentration in the cement, which best occur of 0.8 wt% of TiO2 in cement. The degradation at the MB (5ppm) was 98.864 % after 120 min under sunlight irradiation. The method involves easily and simply preparing TiO2/cement that is used in self-cleaning and studying the effect of different festive factors, including the concentration of the dye. The preparation of TiO2/cement was successful as a photocatalyst for a self-cleaning surface.","PeriodicalId":14653,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Physics (IJP)","volume":"66 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89365365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
At thermal energies near stellar conditions, nuclear reactions are sensitive to resonance strengths of the nuclear reaction cross-section. In this paper, the resonance strengths of nuclear reaction were evaluated numerically by means of nuclear reaction rate calculations using a written Matlab code, at the energies of interest in stellar nuclear reactions. The results were compared with standard reaction before and after application of a statistical analyses, to select the best parameters that made theoretical results as close as possible to the standard values. Fitting was made for different temperature ranges up to 10 GK, 0.6 GK and 0.25 GK. The evaluated results showed that as the temperature range becomes narrower, more error is added to the evaluated strengths. A proper strength value based on the most recent measured one suggested the difference of at least one order of magnitude can be solved using a numerical evaluation for energies less than 650 keV.
{"title":"Evaluation of Resonance Strengths and Reaction Rates of 22Ne (p, gamma) 23Na Nuclear Reaction at Thermonuclear Energies","authors":"Ahmed A.Selman","doi":"10.30723/ijp.v21i1.1086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30723/ijp.v21i1.1086","url":null,"abstract":"At thermal energies near stellar conditions, nuclear reactions are sensitive to resonance strengths of the nuclear reaction cross-section. In this paper, the resonance strengths of nuclear reaction were evaluated numerically by means of nuclear reaction rate calculations using a written Matlab code, at the energies of interest in stellar nuclear reactions. The results were compared with standard reaction before and after application of a statistical analyses, to select the best parameters that made theoretical results as close as possible to the standard values. Fitting was made for different temperature ranges up to 10 GK, 0.6 GK and 0.25 GK. The evaluated results showed that as the temperature range becomes narrower, more error is added to the evaluated strengths. A proper strength value based on the most recent measured one suggested the difference of at least one order of magnitude can be solved using a numerical evaluation for energies less than 650 keV.","PeriodicalId":14653,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Physics (IJP)","volume":"67 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83965010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, the Mars orbital elements were calculated. These orbital elements—the major axis, the inclination (i), the longitude of the ascending node (W), the argument of the perigee (w), and the eccentricity (e)—are essential to knowing the size and shape of Mars' orbit. The quick basic program was used to calculate the orbital elements and distance of Mars from the Earth from 25/5/1950 over 10000 days. These were calculated using the empirical formula of Meeus, which depended on the Julian date, which slightly changed for 10000 days; Kepler's equation was solved to find Mars' position and its distance from the Sun. The ecliptic and equatorial coordinates of Mars were calculated. The distance between Mars and the center of the Earth, in astronomical units (A.U.), was calculated. RM-E(min) was found to be between 0.4763 and 0.5108, and RM-E(max) was found to be between 2.548 and 2.6259. Furthermore, the findings revealed that the Mars orbital elements have changed over time.
{"title":"Calculation Mars – Earth distance and Mars orbital elements with Julian date","authors":"Atared Y. Qahtan","doi":"10.30723/ijp.v21i1.1081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30723/ijp.v21i1.1081","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, the Mars orbital elements were calculated. These orbital elements—the major axis, the inclination (i), the longitude of the ascending node (W), the argument of the perigee (w), and the eccentricity (e)—are essential to knowing the size and shape of Mars' orbit. The quick basic program was used to calculate the orbital elements and distance of Mars from the Earth from 25/5/1950 over 10000 days. These were calculated using the empirical formula of Meeus, which depended on the Julian date, which slightly changed for 10000 days; Kepler's equation was solved to find Mars' position and its distance from the Sun. The ecliptic and equatorial coordinates of Mars were calculated. The distance between Mars and the center of the Earth, in astronomical units (A.U.), was calculated. RM-E(min) was found to be between 0.4763 and 0.5108, and RM-E(max) was found to be between 2.548 and 2.6259. Furthermore, the findings revealed that the Mars orbital elements have changed over time. ","PeriodicalId":14653,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Physics (IJP)","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76462747","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Solution cast method was used to create the polymer electrolytes. Under certain circumstances, the electrolyte content of polymers was determined using constant percent PVA/PVP(50:50),EC and PC (1:1) with various quantities of KI (10, 20, 30, 40, 50 wt. %) and iodine I2 = 10 % of salt wt. The complicated formation of polymer blends was validated by FTIR investigations. Electrical conductivity was measured using an impedance analyzer at frequencies ranging from 50 Hz to 1MHz and temperatures ranging from 293 K to 343 K. At ambient temperature, an electrolyte with 50% KI content had a higher electrical conductivity value of 5.3 10-3 (S/cm). The magnitude of electrical conductivity increased as salt content and temperature rose. The blend electrolytes' greater dielectric at lower frequencies might be owing to the dipoles having enough time to align with the electric field, resulting in stronger polarisation. The reduction in activation energy (Ea) suggests that faster-conducting electrolytes prefer to move with less energy.
{"title":"FTIR and electrical behavior of blend electrolytes based on (PVA/PVP)","authors":"Fatima ALjubouri, Mohammed Kadhim Jawad","doi":"10.30723/ijp.v20i1.1093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30723/ijp.v20i1.1093","url":null,"abstract":"Solution cast method was used to create the polymer electrolytes. Under certain circumstances, the electrolyte content of polymers was determined using constant percent PVA/PVP(50:50),EC and PC (1:1) with various quantities of KI (10, 20, 30, 40, 50 wt. %) and iodine I2 = 10 % of salt wt. The complicated formation of polymer blends was validated by FTIR investigations. Electrical conductivity was measured using an impedance analyzer at frequencies ranging from 50 Hz to 1MHz and temperatures ranging from 293 K to 343 K. At ambient temperature, an electrolyte with 50% KI content had a higher electrical conductivity value of 5.3 10-3 (S/cm). The magnitude of electrical conductivity increased as salt content and temperature rose. The blend electrolytes' greater dielectric at lower frequencies might be owing to the dipoles having enough time to align with the electric field, resulting in stronger polarisation. The reduction in activation energy (Ea) suggests that faster-conducting electrolytes prefer to move with less energy.","PeriodicalId":14653,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Physics (IJP)","volume":"124 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82584853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Indian costus plasma properties are investigated including electron temperature (Te), "electron density (ne)", "plasma frequency (fp)", " Debye sphere length", and amount of Debye(Nd), using the spectrum of optical emission technique. There are several energies used, with ranging from 300 to 600 mJ. The Boltzmann Plot is used to calculate the temperature; where as Stark's Line Broadening is used to calculate the electron density. The Indian costus was spectroscopically examined in the air with the laser at 10 cm away from the target and the optical fiber at 0.5 cm away. The results were obtained for an electron temperature range of (1.8-2.2) electron volts (ev) and a wavelength range of (300-600) nm. The XRF analysis reveals that the Indian costus contains a variety of minerals, each with a different percentage, which explains why the optical emission spectrum has so many peaks. When the laser energy is (between 300 and 600 mJ) the "optical emission spectroscopy (OES) "has been used to analyze the plasma spectrum of the Indian costus in the air. The results shows that as the laser energy grew, the amount of Debye will be greater i-e (Nd) >>>1, which is one of the plasma properties.
{"title":"Investigate Indian Costus Plasma Parameters using Q-Switched Laser Nd: YAG","authors":"Alyaa Hussein, Hadder M. Abdullah","doi":"10.30723/ijp.v21i1.1083","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30723/ijp.v21i1.1083","url":null,"abstract":"The Indian costus plasma properties are investigated including electron temperature (Te), \"electron density (ne)\", \"plasma frequency (fp)\", \" Debye sphere length\", and amount of Debye(Nd), using the spectrum of optical emission technique. There are several energies used, with ranging from 300 to 600 mJ. The Boltzmann Plot is used to calculate the temperature; where as Stark's Line Broadening is used to calculate the electron density. The Indian costus was spectroscopically examined in the air with the laser at 10 cm away from the target and the optical fiber at 0.5 cm away. The results were obtained for an electron temperature range of (1.8-2.2) electron volts (ev) and a wavelength range of (300-600) nm. The XRF analysis reveals that the Indian costus contains a variety of minerals, each with a different percentage, which explains why the optical emission spectrum has so many peaks. When the laser energy is (between 300 and 600 mJ) the \"optical emission spectroscopy (OES) \"has been used to analyze the plasma spectrum of the Indian costus in the air. The results shows that as the laser energy grew, the amount of Debye will be greater i-e (Nd) >>>1, which is one of the plasma properties.","PeriodicalId":14653,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Physics (IJP)","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87976428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Solution cast method was used to create the polymer electrolytes. Under certain circumstances, the electrolyte content of polymers was determined using constant percent PVA/PVP(50:50),EC and PC (1:1) with various quantities of KI (10, 20, 30, 40, 50 wt. %) and iodine I2 = 10 % of salt wt. The complicated formation of polymer blends was validated by FTIR investigations. Electrical conductivity was measured using an impedance analyzer at frequencies ranging from 50 Hz to 1MHz and temperatures ranging from 293 K to 343 K. At ambient temperature, an electrolyte with 50% KI content had a higher electrical conductivity value of 5.3 10-3 (S/cm). The magnitude of electrical conductivity increased as salt content and temperature rose. The blend electrolytes' greater dielectric at lower frequencies might be owing to the dipoles having enough time to align with the electric field, resulting in stronger polarisation. The reduction in activation energy (Ea) suggests that faster-conducting electrolytes prefer to move with less energy.
{"title":"FTIR and electrical behavior of blend electrolytes based on (PVA/PVP)","authors":"Fatima ALjubouri, Mohammed Kadhim Jawad","doi":"10.30723/ijp.v21i1.1093","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30723/ijp.v21i1.1093","url":null,"abstract":"Solution cast method was used to create the polymer electrolytes. Under certain circumstances, the electrolyte content of polymers was determined using constant percent PVA/PVP(50:50),EC and PC (1:1) with various quantities of KI (10, 20, 30, 40, 50 wt. %) and iodine I2 = 10 % of salt wt. The complicated formation of polymer blends was validated by FTIR investigations. Electrical conductivity was measured using an impedance analyzer at frequencies ranging from 50 Hz to 1MHz and temperatures ranging from 293 K to 343 K. At ambient temperature, an electrolyte with 50% KI content had a higher electrical conductivity value of 5.3 10-3 (S/cm). The magnitude of electrical conductivity increased as salt content and temperature rose. The blend electrolytes' greater dielectric at lower frequencies might be owing to the dipoles having enough time to align with the electric field, resulting in stronger polarisation. The reduction in activation energy (Ea) suggests that faster-conducting electrolytes prefer to move with less energy.","PeriodicalId":14653,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Physics (IJP)","volume":"561 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135424553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The problem of solid waste from domestic, industrial, commercial and medical sources is one of the most important problems facing the local administration in all Iraqi cities. The danger of this problem increases with the rapid increase in the population, changing lifestyles, consumption patterns, limited land suitable for landfill, and high costs of collection and disposal. This research aims to solve these problems by determining the locations of current landfills located in the outskirts of Baghdad Governorate. The ArcGIS program was used, where the sites of the landfills were determined on the map and through the available data about the areas. it was concluded that the existing landfill sites do not meet environmental conditions and standards. According to the statistics of 2016/2020, which the amount of waste in some areas has increased, and decreased in others. The results show that each of 16 municipalities at the outskirts of Baghdad Governorate has only one landfill. The Al-Zuhur district is one of the most waste-producing areas, according to the statistics of the years 2016/2020, due to the high population ratio in that area. Mahmudiyah was recorded among high rate waste production areas, as the amount of waste in 2016 was 49,000 tons, but decreased slightly in 2020 to 48,000 tons. The research recommends following the health and environmental foundations in proper planning for the establishment of waste dumps, as well as the necessity of activating the role of geographic information systems in the field of proper waste management and environmental planning.
{"title":"Geographical Distribution of Landfills in the Outskirts of Baghdad Governorate using the GIS","authors":"Zehraanajim ZehraaNajim","doi":"10.30723/ijp.v21i1.1080","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30723/ijp.v21i1.1080","url":null,"abstract":"The problem of solid waste from domestic, industrial, commercial and medical sources is one of the most important problems facing the local administration in all Iraqi cities. The danger of this problem increases with the rapid increase in the population, changing lifestyles, consumption patterns, limited land suitable for landfill, and high costs of collection and disposal. This research aims to solve these problems by determining the locations of current landfills located in the outskirts of Baghdad Governorate. The ArcGIS program was used, where the sites of the landfills were determined on the map and through the available data about the areas. it was concluded that the existing landfill sites do not meet environmental conditions and standards. According to the statistics of 2016/2020, which the amount of waste in some areas has increased, and decreased in others. The results show that each of 16 municipalities at the outskirts of Baghdad Governorate has only one landfill. The Al-Zuhur district is one of the most waste-producing areas, according to the statistics of the years 2016/2020, due to the high population ratio in that area. Mahmudiyah was recorded among high rate waste production areas, as the amount of waste in 2016 was 49,000 tons, but decreased slightly in 2020 to 48,000 tons. The research recommends following the health and environmental foundations in proper planning for the establishment of waste dumps, as well as the necessity of activating the role of geographic information systems in the field of proper waste management and environmental planning.","PeriodicalId":14653,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Physics (IJP)","volume":"90 6-7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77980623","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this work, electron number density calculated using Matlab program code with the writing algorithm of the program. Electron density was calculated using Anisimov model in a vacuum environment. The effect of spatial coordinates on the electron density was investigated in this study. It was found that the Z axis distance direction affects the electron number density (ne). There are many processes such as excitation; ionization and recombination within the plasma that possible affect the density of electrons. The results show that as Z axis distance increases electron number density decreases because of the recombination of electrons and ions at large distances from the target and the loss of thermal energy of the electrons in high distance with the progress of time and at a certain coordinate. The target is carbon (Graphite). The results were selected in four dimensions where three of them belong to spatial coordinates x, y, z and the fourth dimension is the electron density (ne).
在本工作中，利用Matlab程序代码计算电子数密度，并编写程序的算法。利用Anisimov模型计算了真空环境下的电子密度。本文研究了空间坐标对电子密度的影响。发现Z轴距离方向影响电子数密度(ne)。有许多过程，如激发;等离子体内部可能影响电子密度的电离和重组。结果表明，随着Z轴距离的增加，电子数密度随着时间的推移和某一坐标上电子与离子在离靶较远的地方发生复合以及电子在离靶较远的地方的热能损失而减小。目标是碳(石墨)。结果在四个维度上选择，其中三个维度属于空间坐标x, y, z，第四个维度是电子密度(ne)。
{"title":"Theoretical Computation of Electron Density in Laser-Induced Carbon Plasma using Anisimov Model","authors":"Mohammed Alhamadani","doi":"10.30723/ijp.v21i1.1082","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30723/ijp.v21i1.1082","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, electron number density calculated using Matlab program code with the writing algorithm of the program. Electron density was calculated using Anisimov model in a vacuum environment. The effect of spatial coordinates on the electron density was investigated in this study. It was found that the Z axis distance direction affects the electron number density (ne). There are many processes such as excitation; ionization and recombination within the plasma that possible affect the density of electrons. The results show that as Z axis distance increases electron number density decreases because of the recombination of electrons and ions at large distances from the target and the loss of thermal energy of the electrons in high distance with the progress of time and at a certain coordinate. The target is carbon (Graphite). The results were selected in four dimensions where three of them belong to spatial coordinates x, y, z and the fourth dimension is the electron density (ne).","PeriodicalId":14653,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Physics (IJP)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89678710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this work, two cone-inverted cylindrical and cross-hybrid dielectric resonator antennas are stacked and excited by the coaxial probe method with an operating standard resonant frequency of 5.438 GHz. A drawback of these standard Dielectric Resonator Antennas (DRAs) is their narrow bandwidth. For good antenna performance, a stacked DR geometry and a thick dielectric substrate having a low dielectric constant are desired since this provides large bandwidth, better radiation power, reduces conductor loss and nonappearance of surface waves. Many approaches, such as changing the shape of the dielectric resonator, have been used to enhance bandwidth. Using DRA, having the lowest dielectric constant, increases the bandwidth and the electromagnetic energy. In the current work, bandwidth improvement was significantly achieved by the proposed geometry by varying the antenna size. A novel hybrid DRA configuration is used to increase the bandwidth of the antenna to 89.27% and 149.23% due to cone-inverted cylindrical and cross-hybrid dielectric resonator antennas, respectively. The DRA is designed numerically via Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method. Several parameters like return loss, input impedance (verified at ) and radiation pattern are calculated. Furthermore, the stacked-hybrid technique is used to enhance the antenna's performance which is useful for broadband communication and the demand of wireless.
{"title":"Bandwidth Improvement of a Cone-Inverted Cylindrical and Cross Hybrids Dielectric Resonator Antennas","authors":"N. Areebi, J. N. Jabir","doi":"10.30723/ijp.v21i1.1084","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30723/ijp.v21i1.1084","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, two cone-inverted cylindrical and cross-hybrid dielectric resonator antennas are stacked and excited by the coaxial probe method with an operating standard resonant frequency of 5.438 GHz. A drawback of these standard Dielectric Resonator Antennas (DRAs) is their narrow bandwidth. For good antenna performance, a stacked DR geometry and a thick dielectric substrate having a low dielectric constant are desired since this provides large bandwidth, better radiation power, reduces conductor loss and nonappearance of surface waves. Many approaches, such as changing the shape of the dielectric resonator, have been used to enhance bandwidth. Using DRA, having the lowest dielectric constant, increases the bandwidth and the electromagnetic energy. In the current work, bandwidth improvement was significantly achieved by the proposed geometry by varying the antenna size. A novel hybrid DRA configuration is used to increase the bandwidth of the antenna to 89.27% and 149.23% due to cone-inverted cylindrical and cross-hybrid dielectric resonator antennas, respectively. The DRA is designed numerically via Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method. Several parameters like return loss, input impedance (verified at ) and radiation pattern are calculated. Furthermore, the stacked-hybrid technique is used to enhance the antenna's performance which is useful for broadband communication and the demand of wireless.","PeriodicalId":14653,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Physics (IJP)","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78078710","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Faten Abdel-Wahhab Abdel-Razzaq, A. A. Dhaigham, Sameer Khudhur Yaseen
Iraq suffers from serious pollution with harmful particles that have important direct and indirect effects on human activities and human health. In this research, a system for detecting pollutants in the air was designed and manufactured using infrared laser technology. This system was used to detect the presence of pollutants in the dust storms that swept the city of Baghdad which could have a negative impact on human health and living organisms. The designed detection system based on the use of infrared laser (IR) with a wavelength of 1064 nm was used for the purposes of detecting pollutants based on the scattering of the laser beam from these pollutants. The system was aligned to obtain the best signal for the scattered rays, which were detected using a digital storage oscilloscope. These studies were conducted during the dust storms that occurred intensely in Baghdad in the months (April, May, June and July) of the year 2022. Where multiple samples were taken at different periods in these storms, measurements were also done during the storm. The types of polluting elements found in the dust of the storms are: carbon, bromine, chlorine, hydrocarbons alcohol, ether, hydroxyl group, carbon, C=C (aromatic ring), nitrogen dioxide (aromatic nitro), and carbon monoxide. The value of dust pollutant concentrations is (125.67 mg. m-3).
{"title":"Design and Construction of a Dust Detection System using Infrared Laser: The Case of Dust Storms in Baghdad in the Summer 2022","authors":"Faten Abdel-Wahhab Abdel-Razzaq, A. A. Dhaigham, Sameer Khudhur Yaseen","doi":"10.30723/ijp.v21i1.1077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30723/ijp.v21i1.1077","url":null,"abstract":"Iraq suffers from serious pollution with harmful particles that have important direct and indirect effects on human activities and human health. In this research, a system for detecting pollutants in the air was designed and manufactured using infrared laser technology. This system was used to detect the presence of pollutants in the dust storms that swept the city of Baghdad which could have a negative impact on human health and living organisms.\u0000The designed detection system based on the use of infrared laser (IR) with a wavelength of 1064 nm was used for the purposes of detecting pollutants based on the scattering of the laser beam from these pollutants. The system was aligned to obtain the best signal for the scattered rays, which were detected using a digital storage oscilloscope.\u0000These studies were conducted during the dust storms that occurred intensely in Baghdad in the months (April, May, June and July) of the year 2022. Where multiple samples were taken at different periods in these storms, measurements were also done during the storm. The types of polluting elements found in the dust of the storms are: carbon, bromine, chlorine, hydrocarbons alcohol, ether, hydroxyl group, carbon, C=C (aromatic ring), nitrogen dioxide (aromatic nitro), and carbon monoxide. The value of dust pollutant concentrations is (125.67 mg. m-3).","PeriodicalId":14653,"journal":{"name":"Iraqi Journal of Physics (IJP)","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87975290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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