Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.1109/GreenTech48523.2021.00100
S. Young, Alexander Schroeder, Venu Garikapati, J. Fish, M. Blumenthal
The landscape for connected mobility ecosystems is evolving rapidly as information and communication technologies lower the cost and complexity of connecting people to places, integrating transportation modes and collecting data regarding such movements. These developments have been key to unlocking new business opportunities, particularly through mobility services. While the mechanisms for data collection, processing, and transfer have made significant advances in the past decade, the broader landscape of mobility data architectures and data users remains largely unresolved. It is unclear as to whether the result will converge towards a framework that resembles a coherent quilt or a disjointed patchwork of competing visions. Initial approaches to mobility data collection and provisioning have been largely siloed - by mode or software - or held for exclusive use, however several key players are quickly realizing the need and opportunities enabled through integrated mobility data eco-systems, or mobility data hubs as referred to in this paper. As the business case for hosting mobility data hubs evolves, there is great uncertainty regarding their impact to either advance or exacerbate sustainable mobility (e.g., seamless connectivity across modes, decreased energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, etc.). Groups such as the United Nations and World Bank have identified data platforms as a key enabler of realizing environmental and social benefits. If designed with decarbonization in mind, we hypothesize that enhanced observability provided by these ever-expanding mobility data hubs can facilitate energy and emissions reductions that are otherwise limited by transactional barriers and knowledge asymmetry that is inherent to a more siloed approach. In this sense, integration of mobility data can help to create a competitive playing field where value is not determined by exclusivity of data, but rather the quality and uniqueness of a given service. The goals of this paper are to 1) identify key players and data architectures that are emerging in a service-based mobility market, 2) explore several use cases where mobility data hubs have enabled greater sustainability outcomes, and 3) discuss key issues that will need to be resolved to fully leverage emerging mobility data hubs towards a sustainable transportation future.
{"title":"The Role of Mobility Data Hubs in an Integrated Decarbonized Transportation Future","authors":"S. Young, Alexander Schroeder, Venu Garikapati, J. Fish, M. Blumenthal","doi":"10.1109/GreenTech48523.2021.00100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GreenTech48523.2021.00100","url":null,"abstract":"The landscape for connected mobility ecosystems is evolving rapidly as information and communication technologies lower the cost and complexity of connecting people to places, integrating transportation modes and collecting data regarding such movements. These developments have been key to unlocking new business opportunities, particularly through mobility services. While the mechanisms for data collection, processing, and transfer have made significant advances in the past decade, the broader landscape of mobility data architectures and data users remains largely unresolved. It is unclear as to whether the result will converge towards a framework that resembles a coherent quilt or a disjointed patchwork of competing visions. Initial approaches to mobility data collection and provisioning have been largely siloed - by mode or software - or held for exclusive use, however several key players are quickly realizing the need and opportunities enabled through integrated mobility data eco-systems, or mobility data hubs as referred to in this paper. As the business case for hosting mobility data hubs evolves, there is great uncertainty regarding their impact to either advance or exacerbate sustainable mobility (e.g., seamless connectivity across modes, decreased energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, etc.). Groups such as the United Nations and World Bank have identified data platforms as a key enabler of realizing environmental and social benefits. If designed with decarbonization in mind, we hypothesize that enhanced observability provided by these ever-expanding mobility data hubs can facilitate energy and emissions reductions that are otherwise limited by transactional barriers and knowledge asymmetry that is inherent to a more siloed approach. In this sense, integration of mobility data can help to create a competitive playing field where value is not determined by exclusivity of data, but rather the quality and uniqueness of a given service. The goals of this paper are to 1) identify key players and data architectures that are emerging in a service-based mobility market, 2) explore several use cases where mobility data hubs have enabled greater sustainability outcomes, and 3) discuss key issues that will need to be resolved to fully leverage emerging mobility data hubs towards a sustainable transportation future.","PeriodicalId":146759,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Green Technologies Conference (GreenTech)","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120944945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.1109/GreenTech48523.2021.00029
Jun Chen, Zhaojian Li, Xiang Yin
This paper focuses on sizing and operation optimization of hybrid energy systems (HES), which integrate multiple electricity generation units (e.g., nuclear, renewable) and multiple electricity consumption units (e.g., grid, EV charging station, chemical plant) for effective management of variability in renewable generation and grid demand. In particular, the operation optimization considers the optimal charging and discharging profile of energy storage element (ESE) so that the variability of the industrial scale chemical plant is minimized. The receding horizon optimization approach is adopted to solve this operation optimization problem, which is then reformulated into a linearly constrained quadratic programming problem, suitable for running in real-time. The design optimization problem finds the optimal sizes of ESE to balance the variability of the chemical plant and the economic cost of ESE installation. Global optimization technique (e.g., DIRECT) is employed to numerically solve the proposed sizing optimization problem, due to its non-convexity.
{"title":"Optimization of Energy Storage Size and Operation for Renewable-EV Hybrid Energy Systems","authors":"Jun Chen, Zhaojian Li, Xiang Yin","doi":"10.1109/GreenTech48523.2021.00029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GreenTech48523.2021.00029","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on sizing and operation optimization of hybrid energy systems (HES), which integrate multiple electricity generation units (e.g., nuclear, renewable) and multiple electricity consumption units (e.g., grid, EV charging station, chemical plant) for effective management of variability in renewable generation and grid demand. In particular, the operation optimization considers the optimal charging and discharging profile of energy storage element (ESE) so that the variability of the industrial scale chemical plant is minimized. The receding horizon optimization approach is adopted to solve this operation optimization problem, which is then reformulated into a linearly constrained quadratic programming problem, suitable for running in real-time. The design optimization problem finds the optimal sizes of ESE to balance the variability of the chemical plant and the economic cost of ESE installation. Global optimization technique (e.g., DIRECT) is employed to numerically solve the proposed sizing optimization problem, due to its non-convexity.","PeriodicalId":146759,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Green Technologies Conference (GreenTech)","volume":"212 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116365794","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.1109/GreenTech48523.2021.00086
Yunita Muharram, D. Riawan, Jinho Kim, E. Muljadi, R. Nelms
As an archipelago country situated in the equator line, Indonesia has immense solar energy potential. In general, the power produced by photovoltaic (PV) varies based on weather conditions. Especially in Indonesia, the tropical rainforest climate, such as high annual rainfall, may negatively affect the PV's output power. It may also cause problems regarding reliability, stability, and power quality issues to the grid. An existing stand-alone microgrid in Tomia Island, Indonesia, consists of four PV plants built to help the utility grid provide 24 hours of electricity. However, integrating the PV system into the distribution network has many significant challenges due to its intermittent nature. This paper studies the impact of the PV plants integrated into Tomia Island's microgrid regarding system stability. Thereby, this research analyzes operational issues on Tomia Island considering different penetration levels of PVs under various scenarios such as the variation of load loss, and PV generation losses.
{"title":"Operational Issues of a Microgrid at Tomia Island Considering Photovoltaic Penetration Level","authors":"Yunita Muharram, D. Riawan, Jinho Kim, E. Muljadi, R. Nelms","doi":"10.1109/GreenTech48523.2021.00086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GreenTech48523.2021.00086","url":null,"abstract":"As an archipelago country situated in the equator line, Indonesia has immense solar energy potential. In general, the power produced by photovoltaic (PV) varies based on weather conditions. Especially in Indonesia, the tropical rainforest climate, such as high annual rainfall, may negatively affect the PV's output power. It may also cause problems regarding reliability, stability, and power quality issues to the grid. An existing stand-alone microgrid in Tomia Island, Indonesia, consists of four PV plants built to help the utility grid provide 24 hours of electricity. However, integrating the PV system into the distribution network has many significant challenges due to its intermittent nature. This paper studies the impact of the PV plants integrated into Tomia Island's microgrid regarding system stability. Thereby, this research analyzes operational issues on Tomia Island considering different penetration levels of PVs under various scenarios such as the variation of load loss, and PV generation losses.","PeriodicalId":146759,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Green Technologies Conference (GreenTech)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129007024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.1109/GreenTech48523.2021.00022
Prerak Chapagain, Megan Culler, D. Ishchenko, A. Valdes
The IEEE 1547 standard addresses the integration of Distributed Energy Resources (DER) into Area Electric Power Systems (AEPS). The updated standard, released in 2018 with revisions ongoing, specifies the need for more flexible settings, requiring the DER to remain connected during certain disturbances and provide voltage support via active and reactive power modes. With these increased capabilities comes increased risks, and our analysis of the standard has produced potential settings combinations, which, while allowable under the standard, may actually create instability. This contradicts the main purpose of the revised standard. Since the DER must support a communication interface through which the AEPS operator can change settings, adversarial mode changes are possible via a cyberattack. This concern is heightened as DER penetration increases, where under a reasonable threat model, an attacker could affect multiple DER simultaneously. We have conducted a simulation analysis of potentially adverse combinations of mode change and ride-through parameters on a hypothetical AEPS with varying degrees of DER penetration. We conclude that certain adverse mode changes, whether through error or cyberattack, can lead to unstable conditions with DER penetrations as low as 24% of the AEPS system capacity.
{"title":"Stability Impact of IEEE 1547 Operational Mode Changes Under High DER Penetration in the Presence of Cyber Adversary","authors":"Prerak Chapagain, Megan Culler, D. Ishchenko, A. Valdes","doi":"10.1109/GreenTech48523.2021.00022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GreenTech48523.2021.00022","url":null,"abstract":"The IEEE 1547 standard addresses the integration of Distributed Energy Resources (DER) into Area Electric Power Systems (AEPS). The updated standard, released in 2018 with revisions ongoing, specifies the need for more flexible settings, requiring the DER to remain connected during certain disturbances and provide voltage support via active and reactive power modes. With these increased capabilities comes increased risks, and our analysis of the standard has produced potential settings combinations, which, while allowable under the standard, may actually create instability. This contradicts the main purpose of the revised standard. Since the DER must support a communication interface through which the AEPS operator can change settings, adversarial mode changes are possible via a cyberattack. This concern is heightened as DER penetration increases, where under a reasonable threat model, an attacker could affect multiple DER simultaneously. We have conducted a simulation analysis of potentially adverse combinations of mode change and ride-through parameters on a hypothetical AEPS with varying degrees of DER penetration. We conclude that certain adverse mode changes, whether through error or cyberattack, can lead to unstable conditions with DER penetrations as low as 24% of the AEPS system capacity.","PeriodicalId":146759,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Green Technologies Conference (GreenTech)","volume":"103 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133892103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.1109/GreenTech48523.2021.00028
B. Poudel, C. Pallem, D. Mueller
This paper presents harmonic analysis of a wind plant and evaluates the resonance conditions near characteristic harmonic frequencies between the wind plant and the transmission system. A detailed model of the wind plant is developed using EMTP-RV software, and harmonic frequency scans are conducted for various operating scenarios in order to identify the natural resonance of the system. The simulations were also performed to evaluate the harmonic current and voltage distortion levels at the Point -of-Common-Coupling (PCC) and the wind plant 34.5 kV bus. These levels were compared against IEEE std. 519. Harmonic measurements were later performed to assess the real time operating conditions and were compared against the simulation results. This paper will show harmonic scans and distortion levels for various capacitor/reactor ON/OFF scenarios for both high and low wind conditions from EMTP-RV simulations. After observing some issues with the system harmonic response being closer to fifth and seventh harmonic resonance conditions, onsite measurements were taken in order to check the real time operating conditions. The measurement data collected from Dranetz PX5 will also be presented in this paper. Measurement data were used to modify the modeling data to better reflect the actual scenario. The differences in the simulation results and the measurement data will be compared. The comparison shows that despite the similarity between the modeling and measurement, there still exist some difference in the results attributed to variety of factors. Therefore, Enernex recommends both modeling and measurement analysis to obtain overall assessment of power quality for any renewable energy power plants.
{"title":"Harmonic Analysis of a Wind Power Plant —Case Study of Modeling and Measurement","authors":"B. Poudel, C. Pallem, D. Mueller","doi":"10.1109/GreenTech48523.2021.00028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GreenTech48523.2021.00028","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents harmonic analysis of a wind plant and evaluates the resonance conditions near characteristic harmonic frequencies between the wind plant and the transmission system. A detailed model of the wind plant is developed using EMTP-RV software, and harmonic frequency scans are conducted for various operating scenarios in order to identify the natural resonance of the system. The simulations were also performed to evaluate the harmonic current and voltage distortion levels at the Point -of-Common-Coupling (PCC) and the wind plant 34.5 kV bus. These levels were compared against IEEE std. 519. Harmonic measurements were later performed to assess the real time operating conditions and were compared against the simulation results. This paper will show harmonic scans and distortion levels for various capacitor/reactor ON/OFF scenarios for both high and low wind conditions from EMTP-RV simulations. After observing some issues with the system harmonic response being closer to fifth and seventh harmonic resonance conditions, onsite measurements were taken in order to check the real time operating conditions. The measurement data collected from Dranetz PX5 will also be presented in this paper. Measurement data were used to modify the modeling data to better reflect the actual scenario. The differences in the simulation results and the measurement data will be compared. The comparison shows that despite the similarity between the modeling and measurement, there still exist some difference in the results attributed to variety of factors. Therefore, Enernex recommends both modeling and measurement analysis to obtain overall assessment of power quality for any renewable energy power plants.","PeriodicalId":146759,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Green Technologies Conference (GreenTech)","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115855587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.1109/GreenTech48523.2021.00077
D. V. Pombo, H. Bindner, P. Sørensen, Emerson Fonseca, H. Andrade
Fully renewable, isolated power systems have gained relevance given the global agenda related to the energy transition. Thus raising the amount and diversity of the performed grid-related research. However, the existing generic reference systems are usually aimed to a particular type of study and don't capture the influence of technologies and methods used to accommodate renewables such as power electronics, energy storage, demand response, etc. In addition, the majority of studies are focused on the micro-grid perspective. When analyzing grids, size does matter, and yet, there is no benchmark available suitable for validating both static and dynamic studies in the dozens to hundreds of MW range. Therefore, there is a need for a reference system capturing the behaviour of modern, mid & large size isolated power systems ranging from 20 to 100% renewable energy penetration, accommodating a very diverse technological mix. The purpose of this work is to fill these gaps, presenting a benchmark suitable for studies in mid to large size power system using real data from existing isolated grids. The network of two islands from Cape Verde is used as inspiration for the models due to the relevance of their layout and configuration, but also the country's renewable penetration targets. All the data has been provided by Electra and Cabeólica, the local System Operator and largest renewable utility of the country respectively. The data is Open-Access, accessible in an online repository [1], conveniently prepared and presented in different tables and files covering a range of traditional and modern studies such as: power flow, energy management, control, stability, reliability, resiliency etc.
{"title":"The Islands of Cape Verde as a Reference System for 100% Renewable Deployment","authors":"D. V. Pombo, H. Bindner, P. Sørensen, Emerson Fonseca, H. Andrade","doi":"10.1109/GreenTech48523.2021.00077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GreenTech48523.2021.00077","url":null,"abstract":"Fully renewable, isolated power systems have gained relevance given the global agenda related to the energy transition. Thus raising the amount and diversity of the performed grid-related research. However, the existing generic reference systems are usually aimed to a particular type of study and don't capture the influence of technologies and methods used to accommodate renewables such as power electronics, energy storage, demand response, etc. In addition, the majority of studies are focused on the micro-grid perspective. When analyzing grids, size does matter, and yet, there is no benchmark available suitable for validating both static and dynamic studies in the dozens to hundreds of MW range. Therefore, there is a need for a reference system capturing the behaviour of modern, mid & large size isolated power systems ranging from 20 to 100% renewable energy penetration, accommodating a very diverse technological mix. The purpose of this work is to fill these gaps, presenting a benchmark suitable for studies in mid to large size power system using real data from existing isolated grids. The network of two islands from Cape Verde is used as inspiration for the models due to the relevance of their layout and configuration, but also the country's renewable penetration targets. All the data has been provided by Electra and Cabeólica, the local System Operator and largest renewable utility of the country respectively. The data is Open-Access, accessible in an online repository [1], conveniently prepared and presented in different tables and files covering a range of traditional and modern studies such as: power flow, energy management, control, stability, reliability, resiliency etc.","PeriodicalId":146759,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Green Technologies Conference (GreenTech)","volume":"478 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115876015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.1109/GreenTech48523.2021.00072
Sarah Robson, A. Alharbi, Wenzhong Gao, A. Khodaei, Ibrahim Alsaidan
The high cost and growing environmental concerns surrounding lithium-ion batteries have motivated research into extending the life of electric vehicle (EV) batteries by repurposing them for second life grid applications. The incorporation of repurposed electric vehicle batteries (REVBs) has the potential to decrease the overall cost of new battery energy storage systems (BESS) and extend the useful life of the materials. This paper focuses on maximizing daily profit that can be made from REVBs by stacking two grid services such as frequency regulation and energy arbitrage while minimizing battery capital cost by using second life EV batteries. A model for battery management with stacked frequency regulation and energy arbitrage is developed and tested using PJM market data. A mixed integer linear programming (MILP) is used to solve the optimization problem. It is found that REVBs can generate higher net profits than a new BESS.
{"title":"Economic Viability Assessment of Repurposed EV Batteries Participating in Frequency Regulation and Energy Markets","authors":"Sarah Robson, A. Alharbi, Wenzhong Gao, A. Khodaei, Ibrahim Alsaidan","doi":"10.1109/GreenTech48523.2021.00072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GreenTech48523.2021.00072","url":null,"abstract":"The high cost and growing environmental concerns surrounding lithium-ion batteries have motivated research into extending the life of electric vehicle (EV) batteries by repurposing them for second life grid applications. The incorporation of repurposed electric vehicle batteries (REVBs) has the potential to decrease the overall cost of new battery energy storage systems (BESS) and extend the useful life of the materials. This paper focuses on maximizing daily profit that can be made from REVBs by stacking two grid services such as frequency regulation and energy arbitrage while minimizing battery capital cost by using second life EV batteries. A model for battery management with stacked frequency regulation and energy arbitrage is developed and tested using PJM market data. A mixed integer linear programming (MILP) is used to solve the optimization problem. It is found that REVBs can generate higher net profits than a new BESS.","PeriodicalId":146759,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Green Technologies Conference (GreenTech)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114339471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.1109/GreenTech48523.2021.00014
S. DaneshvarDehnavi, C. Negri, K. Schmitt, S. Bayne, M. Giesselmann
This paper presents a control strategy for reactive power support using Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEV) as a case study for the Global Laboratory for Energy Asset Management and Manufacturing (GLEAMM) microgrid. The control topology is divided into two levels with a dynamic limitation. This Electric Vehicle (EV) station Charger has a topology including a full-bridge AC-DC rectifier and a bidirectional half-bridge DC-DC converter. In the first level, a PQ and power control are used for the AC/DC inverter and DC/DC converters, receiving the set-points for active and reactive power from the upper level. The second level is a central controller that is used to manage the reactive power at the microgrid and to provide the necessary power setpoints for the PEV. A dynamic limitation strategy is proposed to maximize the reactive power support maintaining a reasonable amount of active power to charge the EV battery, considering the maximum limitation of the AC/DC inverter. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy, simulation results from a three-phase system are simulated in Matlab/Simulink environment.
{"title":"A Case Study For Connecting Bidirectional PEV Station for Reactive Power Support to the GLEAMM Prototype Microgrid","authors":"S. DaneshvarDehnavi, C. Negri, K. Schmitt, S. Bayne, M. Giesselmann","doi":"10.1109/GreenTech48523.2021.00014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GreenTech48523.2021.00014","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a control strategy for reactive power support using Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEV) as a case study for the Global Laboratory for Energy Asset Management and Manufacturing (GLEAMM) microgrid. The control topology is divided into two levels with a dynamic limitation. This Electric Vehicle (EV) station Charger has a topology including a full-bridge AC-DC rectifier and a bidirectional half-bridge DC-DC converter. In the first level, a PQ and power control are used for the AC/DC inverter and DC/DC converters, receiving the set-points for active and reactive power from the upper level. The second level is a central controller that is used to manage the reactive power at the microgrid and to provide the necessary power setpoints for the PEV. A dynamic limitation strategy is proposed to maximize the reactive power support maintaining a reasonable amount of active power to charge the EV battery, considering the maximum limitation of the AC/DC inverter. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy, simulation results from a three-phase system are simulated in Matlab/Simulink environment.","PeriodicalId":146759,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Green Technologies Conference (GreenTech)","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115329809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.1109/GreenTech48523.2021.00045
Xuefei Zhu, Jinho Kim, E. Muljadi, R. Nelms
The proliferation of renewable generation into distribution networks requires a paradigm shift in designing traditional control and operation strategies regarding system resilience. Distribution networks can be viewed as a group of small microgrids (MGs) when individual MGs are in islanded operation. Therefore, to ensure stability in distribution networks, it is crucial to search for the optimal solutions to define the boundaries of these interconnected small MGs. This paper proposes a dynamic separation algorithm to enable a distribution network to respond to unforeseen disturbances effectively. To achieve this, we consider two constraints: maintaining a dynamic supply-demand balance and securing at least one reserve power source. The proposed algorithm utilizes K-means clustering algorithm based on partition matrix obtained from the $k$-way partitioning scheme for the constraints. The proposed partition matrix can also minimize the total active power flows of distribution lines that connect different small microgrids. The performance of proposed algorithm was tested using a modified IEEE 33-bus radial distribution system and indicates that the proposed algorithm gains more advantages than the original k-way partitioning scheme has.
{"title":"Dynamic Separation of Microgrid System to Maximize Reliability in a Smart Grid","authors":"Xuefei Zhu, Jinho Kim, E. Muljadi, R. Nelms","doi":"10.1109/GreenTech48523.2021.00045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GreenTech48523.2021.00045","url":null,"abstract":"The proliferation of renewable generation into distribution networks requires a paradigm shift in designing traditional control and operation strategies regarding system resilience. Distribution networks can be viewed as a group of small microgrids (MGs) when individual MGs are in islanded operation. Therefore, to ensure stability in distribution networks, it is crucial to search for the optimal solutions to define the boundaries of these interconnected small MGs. This paper proposes a dynamic separation algorithm to enable a distribution network to respond to unforeseen disturbances effectively. To achieve this, we consider two constraints: maintaining a dynamic supply-demand balance and securing at least one reserve power source. The proposed algorithm utilizes K-means clustering algorithm based on partition matrix obtained from the $k$-way partitioning scheme for the constraints. The proposed partition matrix can also minimize the total active power flows of distribution lines that connect different small microgrids. The performance of proposed algorithm was tested using a modified IEEE 33-bus radial distribution system and indicates that the proposed algorithm gains more advantages than the original k-way partitioning scheme has.","PeriodicalId":146759,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Green Technologies Conference (GreenTech)","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125241230","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.1109/GreenTech48523.2021.00043
Ghraslia Wajdi, Kchiche Amine, Kammoun Farouk
Electric vehicles (EV) are an environmentally friendly alternative to internal combustion engine vehicles. Despite their environmental benefits, the massive demand for electricity imposed by the expected growth of EVs could affect the safe and economical operation of the electricity grid. For this reason, solar-powered electric vehicle charging stations are viewed as a promising solution for an energy supplement to cope with the increasing number of EVs. In this paper, we consider an autonomous photovoltaic charging station and propose an admission control algorithm and a charging schedule to solve the problem of limited energy storage in the station pack and reduced space in an EV charging station. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed admission and scheduling algorithm outperformed Short Job First (SJF) algorithm. Besides, the introduced algorithm allowed maximizing the performance of the charging station.
电动汽车(EV)是内燃机汽车的环保替代品。尽管电动汽车具有环境效益，但电动汽车的预期增长所带来的巨大电力需求可能会影响电网的安全和经济运行。因此，太阳能电动汽车充电站被认为是一种很有前途的能源补充方案，以应对越来越多的电动汽车。本文以自主式光伏充电站为研究对象，提出了一种允许控制算法和充电计划，以解决充电站组储能有限、充电站空间缩小的问题。仿真结果表明，该算法优于Short Job First (SJF)算法。此外，所引入的算法允许充电站的性能最大化。
{"title":"Stochastic modeling and optimization of Electric Vehicle autonomous photovoltaic charging Station","authors":"Ghraslia Wajdi, Kchiche Amine, Kammoun Farouk","doi":"10.1109/GreenTech48523.2021.00043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/GreenTech48523.2021.00043","url":null,"abstract":"Electric vehicles (EV) are an environmentally friendly alternative to internal combustion engine vehicles. Despite their environmental benefits, the massive demand for electricity imposed by the expected growth of EVs could affect the safe and economical operation of the electricity grid. For this reason, solar-powered electric vehicle charging stations are viewed as a promising solution for an energy supplement to cope with the increasing number of EVs. In this paper, we consider an autonomous photovoltaic charging station and propose an admission control algorithm and a charging schedule to solve the problem of limited energy storage in the station pack and reduced space in an EV charging station. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed admission and scheduling algorithm outperformed Short Job First (SJF) algorithm. Besides, the introduced algorithm allowed maximizing the performance of the charging station.","PeriodicalId":146759,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE Green Technologies Conference (GreenTech)","volume":"208 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123734349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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