This paper studies the dynamics of identity and status management within groups in collaborative settings. We present an agent-based simulation model for group interaction rooted in social psychological theory. The model integrates a ect control theory with networked interaction structures and sequential behavior protocols as they are o en encountered in task groups. By expressing status hierarchy through network structure, we build a bridge between expectation states theory and a ect control theory, and are able to reproduce central results from the expectation states research program in sociological social psychology. Furthermore, we demonstrate how themodel can be applied to analyze specialized task groups or sub-cultural domains by combining it with empirical data sources. As an example, we simulate groups of open-source so ware developers and analyze how cultural expectations influence the occupancy of high status positions in these groups.
{"title":"Modeling Interaction in Collaborative Groups: Affect Control Within Social Structure","authors":"Nikolas Zöller, Jonathan H. Morgan, T. Schröder","doi":"10.18564/jasss.4699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18564/jasss.4699","url":null,"abstract":"This paper studies the dynamics of identity and status management within groups in collaborative settings. We present an agent-based simulation model for group interaction rooted in social psychological theory. The model integrates a ect control theory with networked interaction structures and sequential behavior protocols as they are o en encountered in task groups. By expressing status hierarchy through network structure, we build a bridge between expectation states theory and a ect control theory, and are able to reproduce central results from the expectation states research program in sociological social psychology. Furthermore, we demonstrate how themodel can be applied to analyze specialized task groups or sub-cultural domains by combining it with empirical data sources. As an example, we simulate groups of open-source so ware developers and analyze how cultural expectations influence the occupancy of high status positions in these groups.","PeriodicalId":14675,"journal":{"name":"J. Artif. Soc. Soc. Simul.","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83676528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We studied an agent-based model of collective problem solving in which teams of agents search on an NK landscape and share information about newly found solutions. We analyzed the e ects of team members’ behavioral strategies, team size, and team diversity on overall performance. Depending on the landscape complexity and a team’s features a teammay eventually find the best possible solution or become trapped at a local maximum. Hard-working agents can explore more solutions per unit time, while risk-taking agents inject randomness in the solutions they test. We found that when teams solve complex problems, both strategies (risk-taking and hard work) have positive impacts on the final score, and the positive e ect of moderate risktaking is substantial. However, risk-taking has a negative e ect on how quickly a team achieves its final score. If time restrictions can be relaxed, a moderate level of risk can produce an improved score. If the highest priority is instead to achieve the best possible score in the shortest amount of time, the hard work strategy has the greatest impact. When problems are simpler, risk-taking behavior has a negative e ect on performance, while hard work decreases the time required to solve the problem. We also find that larger teams generally solved problems more e ectively, and that some of this positive e ect is due to the increase in diversity. We showmore generally that increasing the diversity of teams has a positive impact on the team’s final score, while morediverse teamsalso require less time to reach their final solution. Thiswork contributesoverall to the larger literature on collective problem solving in teams.
{"title":"Hard Work, Risk-Taking, and Diversity in a Model of Collective Problem Solving","authors":"Amin Boroomand, P. Smaldino","doi":"10.18564/jasss.4704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18564/jasss.4704","url":null,"abstract":"We studied an agent-based model of collective problem solving in which teams of agents search on an NK landscape and share information about newly found solutions. We analyzed the e ects of team members’ behavioral strategies, team size, and team diversity on overall performance. Depending on the landscape complexity and a team’s features a teammay eventually find the best possible solution or become trapped at a local maximum. Hard-working agents can explore more solutions per unit time, while risk-taking agents inject randomness in the solutions they test. We found that when teams solve complex problems, both strategies (risk-taking and hard work) have positive impacts on the final score, and the positive e ect of moderate risktaking is substantial. However, risk-taking has a negative e ect on how quickly a team achieves its final score. If time restrictions can be relaxed, a moderate level of risk can produce an improved score. If the highest priority is instead to achieve the best possible score in the shortest amount of time, the hard work strategy has the greatest impact. When problems are simpler, risk-taking behavior has a negative e ect on performance, while hard work decreases the time required to solve the problem. We also find that larger teams generally solved problems more e ectively, and that some of this positive e ect is due to the increase in diversity. We showmore generally that increasing the diversity of teams has a positive impact on the team’s final score, while morediverse teamsalso require less time to reach their final solution. Thiswork contributesoverall to the larger literature on collective problem solving in teams.","PeriodicalId":14675,"journal":{"name":"J. Artif. Soc. Soc. Simul.","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91378365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: Substitution of food products will be key to realising widespread adoption of sustainable diets. We present an agent-based model of decision-making and influences on food choice, and apply it to historically observed trends of British whole and skimmed (including semi) milk consumption from 1974 to 2005. We aim to give a plausible representation of milk choice substitution, and test different mechanisms of choice consideration. Agents are consumers that perceive information regarding the two milk choices, and hold values that inform their position on the health and environmental impact of those choices. Habit, social influence and post-decision evaluation are modelled. Representative survey data on human values and long-running public concerns empirically inform the model. An experiment was run to compare two model variants by how they perform in reproducing these trends. This was measured by recording mean weekly milk consumption per person. The variants differed in how agents became disposed to consider alternative milk choices. One followed a threshold approach, the other was probability based. All other model aspects remained unchanged. An optimisation exercise via an evolutionary algorithm was used to calibrate the model variants independently to observed data. Following calibration, uncertainty and global variance-based temporal sensitivity analysis were conducted. Both model variants were able to reproduce the general pattern of historical milk consumption, however, the probability-based approach gave a closer fit to the observed data, but over a wider range of uncertainty. This responds to, and further highlights, the need for research that looks at, and compares, different models of human decision-making in agent-based and simulation models. This study is the first to present an agent-based modelling of food choice substitution in the context of British milk consumption. It can serve as a valuable pre-curser to the modelling of dietary shift and sustainable product substitution to plant-based alternatives in Britain.
{"title":"Comparing Mechanisms of Food Choice in an Agent-Based Model of Milk Consumption and Substitution in the UK","authors":"Matthew Gibson, R. Slade, J. Pereira, J. Rogelj","doi":"10.18564/jasss.4637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18564/jasss.4637","url":null,"abstract":": Substitution of food products will be key to realising widespread adoption of sustainable diets. We present an agent-based model of decision-making and influences on food choice, and apply it to historically observed trends of British whole and skimmed (including semi) milk consumption from 1974 to 2005. We aim to give a plausible representation of milk choice substitution, and test different mechanisms of choice consideration. Agents are consumers that perceive information regarding the two milk choices, and hold values that inform their position on the health and environmental impact of those choices. Habit, social influence and post-decision evaluation are modelled. Representative survey data on human values and long-running public concerns empirically inform the model. An experiment was run to compare two model variants by how they perform in reproducing these trends. This was measured by recording mean weekly milk consumption per person. The variants differed in how agents became disposed to consider alternative milk choices. One followed a threshold approach, the other was probability based. All other model aspects remained unchanged. An optimisation exercise via an evolutionary algorithm was used to calibrate the model variants independently to observed data. Following calibration, uncertainty and global variance-based temporal sensitivity analysis were conducted. Both model variants were able to reproduce the general pattern of historical milk consumption, however, the probability-based approach gave a closer fit to the observed data, but over a wider range of uncertainty. This responds to, and further highlights, the need for research that looks at, and compares, different models of human decision-making in agent-based and simulation models. This study is the first to present an agent-based modelling of food choice substitution in the context of British milk consumption. It can serve as a valuable pre-curser to the modelling of dietary shift and sustainable product substitution to plant-based alternatives in Britain.","PeriodicalId":14675,"journal":{"name":"J. Artif. Soc. Soc. Simul.","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76659669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Societies tend to partition into factions based on shared beliefs, leading to sectarian conflict in society. This paper investigatesmistrust as a cause for this partitioningby extending an establishedopiniondynamics model with Bayesian updating that specifies mistrust as the underlying mechanism for disagreement and, ultimately, polarisation. We demonstrate that mistrust is at the foundation of polarisation. Detailed analysis and the results of rigorous simulation studies provide new insight into the potential role ofmistrust in polarisation. We show that consensus results whenmistrust levels are low, but introducing extreme agentsmakes consensus significantly harder to reach and highly fragmented and dispersed. These results also suggest amethod to verify the model using real-world experimental or observational data empirically.
{"title":"The Role of Mistrust in the Modelling of Opinion Adoption","authors":"J. Adams, Gentry White, Robyn P. Araujo","doi":"10.18564/jasss.4624","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18564/jasss.4624","url":null,"abstract":"Societies tend to partition into factions based on shared beliefs, leading to sectarian conflict in society. This paper investigatesmistrust as a cause for this partitioningby extending an establishedopiniondynamics model with Bayesian updating that specifies mistrust as the underlying mechanism for disagreement and, ultimately, polarisation. We demonstrate that mistrust is at the foundation of polarisation. Detailed analysis and the results of rigorous simulation studies provide new insight into the potential role ofmistrust in polarisation. We show that consensus results whenmistrust levels are low, but introducing extreme agentsmakes consensus significantly harder to reach and highly fragmented and dispersed. These results also suggest amethod to verify the model using real-world experimental or observational data empirically.","PeriodicalId":14675,"journal":{"name":"J. Artif. Soc. Soc. Simul.","volume":"181 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80217263","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-12723-7
Dries Daems
{"title":"Integrating Qualitative and Social Science Factors in Archaeological Modelling by Mehdi Saqalli and Marc Vander Linden (Eds.)","authors":"Dries Daems","doi":"10.1007/978-3-030-12723-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-12723-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14675,"journal":{"name":"J. Artif. Soc. Soc. Simul.","volume":"56 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81487910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thesustainabilityof theongoingCampaign-BasedWatershedManagement (CBWM)programinEthiopia is questionable due to poor planning and implementation of the Soil andWater Conservation (SWC) structures. This study uses an empirically based, agent-based model to explore the e ect of six scenarios on both area of land covered by, as well as the quality of SWC structures in three Kebeles (villages) of Boset District. The analysis revealed that integratingmultiple interventions enhanced SWCmost in all Kebeles. Furthermore, increasing the commitment of local government through capacity building generated most e ect and yet required the lowest investment. Motivating farmers, introducing alternative livelihood opportunities and establishing and strengtheningmicro-watershed associations had limited, but di erential influence on the outcomes across the Kebeles. However, all alternative scenarios had someadded value compared todoingbusiness as usual. Hence, in order to enhance the outcomes and sustainability of the ongoing CBWMprogram in the study area and other similar localities, it is crucial to pay much more attention to increasing the commitment of local government actors throughcapacity building. This empowers local government actors to (1) planandmoree iciently implement the program in consultation with other local actors, and (2) integrate locally sensitive need-based adaptation of the program.
{"title":"Using Agent-Based Modelling to Assess Scenarios for Enhanced Soil and Water Conservation in the Boset District, Ethiopia","authors":"S. Assefa, Aad Kessler, L. Fleskens","doi":"10.18564/jasss.4714","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18564/jasss.4714","url":null,"abstract":"Thesustainabilityof theongoingCampaign-BasedWatershedManagement (CBWM)programinEthiopia is questionable due to poor planning and implementation of the Soil andWater Conservation (SWC) structures. This study uses an empirically based, agent-based model to explore the e ect of six scenarios on both area of land covered by, as well as the quality of SWC structures in three Kebeles (villages) of Boset District. The analysis revealed that integratingmultiple interventions enhanced SWCmost in all Kebeles. Furthermore, increasing the commitment of local government through capacity building generated most e ect and yet required the lowest investment. Motivating farmers, introducing alternative livelihood opportunities and establishing and strengtheningmicro-watershed associations had limited, but di erential influence on the outcomes across the Kebeles. However, all alternative scenarios had someadded value compared todoingbusiness as usual. Hence, in order to enhance the outcomes and sustainability of the ongoing CBWMprogram in the study area and other similar localities, it is crucial to pay much more attention to increasing the commitment of local government actors throughcapacity building. This empowers local government actors to (1) planandmoree iciently implement the program in consultation with other local actors, and (2) integrate locally sensitive need-based adaptation of the program.","PeriodicalId":14675,"journal":{"name":"J. Artif. Soc. Soc. Simul.","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85787905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Dehkordi, A. Ghorbani, Giangiacomo Bravo, M. Farjam, R. V. Weeren, Anders Forsman, T. Moor
: Historical data are valuable resources for providing insights into general sociological patterns in the past. However, thesedataofteninformusatthemacro-levelofanalysisbutnotabouttheroleofindividuals’behavioursin the emergence of long-term patterns. Therefore, it is difficult to infer ‘how’ and ‘why’ certain patterns emerged in the past. Historians use various methods to draw hypotheses about the underlying reasons for emerging patterns and trends, but since the patterns are the results of hundreds if not thousands of years of human behaviour, these hypotheses can never be tested in reality. Our proposition is that simulation models and specifically, agent-based models (ABMs) can be used as complementary tools in historical studies to support hypothesis building. The approach that we propose and test in this paper is to design and configure models in such a way as to generate historical patterns, consequently aiming to find individual-level explanations for the emerging pattern. In this work, we use an existing, empirically validated, agent-based model of common pool resource management to test hypotheses formulated based on a historical dataset. We first investigate whether the model can replicate various patterns observed in the dataset, and second, whether it can contribute to a better understanding of the underlying mechanism that led to the observed empirical trends. We showcase how ABM can be used as a complementary tool to support theory development in historical studies. Finally, we provide some guidelines for using ABM as a tool to test historical hypotheses
{"title":"Long-Term Dynamics of Institutions: Using ABM as a Complementary Tool to Support Theory Development in Historical Studies","authors":"M. Dehkordi, A. Ghorbani, Giangiacomo Bravo, M. Farjam, R. V. Weeren, Anders Forsman, T. Moor","doi":"10.18564/jasss.4706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18564/jasss.4706","url":null,"abstract":": Historical data are valuable resources for providing insights into general sociological patterns in the past. However, thesedataofteninformusatthemacro-levelofanalysisbutnotabouttheroleofindividuals’behavioursin the emergence of long-term patterns. Therefore, it is difficult to infer ‘how’ and ‘why’ certain patterns emerged in the past. Historians use various methods to draw hypotheses about the underlying reasons for emerging patterns and trends, but since the patterns are the results of hundreds if not thousands of years of human behaviour, these hypotheses can never be tested in reality. Our proposition is that simulation models and specifically, agent-based models (ABMs) can be used as complementary tools in historical studies to support hypothesis building. The approach that we propose and test in this paper is to design and configure models in such a way as to generate historical patterns, consequently aiming to find individual-level explanations for the emerging pattern. In this work, we use an existing, empirically validated, agent-based model of common pool resource management to test hypotheses formulated based on a historical dataset. We first investigate whether the model can replicate various patterns observed in the dataset, and second, whether it can contribute to a better understanding of the underlying mechanism that led to the observed empirical trends. We showcase how ABM can be used as a complementary tool to support theory development in historical studies. Finally, we provide some guidelines for using ABM as a tool to test historical hypotheses","PeriodicalId":14675,"journal":{"name":"J. Artif. Soc. Soc. Simul.","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80148371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We present and use an agent-based model to study interventions for suppression, mitigation, and vaccination in coping with the COVID-19 pandemic. Unlike metapopulation models, our agent-based model permits experimenting with micro-level interventions in social interactions at individual sites. We compare common macro-level interventions applicable to everyone (e.g., keep distance, close all schools) to targeted interventions in the social network spanned by households based on specific (potential) transmission rates (e.g., prohibit visiting spreading hubs or bridging ties). We show that, in the simulation environment, micro-level measures of 'locking' of a number of households and 'blocking' access to a number of sites (e.g., workplaces, schools, recreation areas) using social network centrality metrics permits refined control on the positioning on the immunity-mortality curve. In simulation results, social network metric-based vaccination of households offers refined control and reduces the spread saliently better than random vaccination.
{"title":"Social Network Metric-Based Interventions? Experiments with an Agent-Based Model of the COVID-19 Pandemic in a Metropolitan Region","authors":"B. Vermeulen, Matthias Mueller, A. Pyka","doi":"10.18564/jasss.4571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18564/jasss.4571","url":null,"abstract":"We present and use an agent-based model to study interventions for suppression, mitigation, and vaccination in coping with the COVID-19 pandemic. Unlike metapopulation models, our agent-based model permits experimenting with micro-level interventions in social interactions at individual sites. We compare common macro-level interventions applicable to everyone (e.g., keep distance, close all schools) to targeted interventions in the social network spanned by households based on specific (potential) transmission rates (e.g., prohibit visiting spreading hubs or bridging ties). We show that, in the simulation environment, micro-level measures of 'locking' of a number of households and 'blocking' access to a number of sites (e.g., workplaces, schools, recreation areas) using social network centrality metrics permits refined control on the positioning on the immunity-mortality curve. In simulation results, social network metric-based vaccination of households offers refined control and reduces the spread saliently better than random vaccination.","PeriodicalId":14675,"journal":{"name":"J. Artif. Soc. Soc. Simul.","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85600530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Arthur Feinberg, Elena Hooijschuur, Nicole Rogge, A. Ghorbani, P. Herder
This paper presents an agent-based model that explores the conditions for ongoing participation in community gardening projects. We test the e ects of Ostrom’s well-known Design Principles for collective action anduse an extensive database collected in 123 cases inGermany and two case studies in theNetherlands to validate it. Themodel uses the Institutional Analysis andDevelopment (IAD) framework and integrates decision mechanisms derived from the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA). This allows the analysis of volunteer participation in urban community gardens over time, based on the garden’s institutions (Design Principles) and the volunteer’s intention to join gardening. This intention is influenced by the volunteer’s expectations and past experiences in the garden (TRA). We find that not all Design Principles lead to higher levels of participation but rather, participation depends on specific combinations of the Design Principles. We highlight the need to update the assumption about sanctioning in such systems: sanctioning is not always beneficial, and may be counter-productive in certain contexts.
{"title":"Sustaining Collective Action in Urban Community Gardens","authors":"Arthur Feinberg, Elena Hooijschuur, Nicole Rogge, A. Ghorbani, P. Herder","doi":"10.18564/jasss.4506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18564/jasss.4506","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an agent-based model that explores the conditions for ongoing participation in community gardening projects. We test the e ects of Ostrom’s well-known Design Principles for collective action anduse an extensive database collected in 123 cases inGermany and two case studies in theNetherlands to validate it. Themodel uses the Institutional Analysis andDevelopment (IAD) framework and integrates decision mechanisms derived from the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA). This allows the analysis of volunteer participation in urban community gardens over time, based on the garden’s institutions (Design Principles) and the volunteer’s intention to join gardening. This intention is influenced by the volunteer’s expectations and past experiences in the garden (TRA). We find that not all Design Principles lead to higher levels of participation but rather, participation depends on specific combinations of the Design Principles. We highlight the need to update the assumption about sanctioning in such systems: sanctioning is not always beneficial, and may be counter-productive in certain contexts.","PeriodicalId":14675,"journal":{"name":"J. Artif. Soc. Soc. Simul.","volume":"26 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80756999","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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