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Systemic Corticosteroids to Prevent Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia: Balancing Risk and Reward. 预防支气管肺发育不良的全身性皮质类固醇:平衡风险与回报。
IF 24.7 1区 医学 Q1 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2024-11-18 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.4572
Erik A Jensen
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引用次数: 0
When Science and Politics Are Mixed-Reply. 当科学与政治混为一谈--回复。
IF 24.7 1区 医学 Q1 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2024-11-18 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.4830
Alison Gemmill, Suzanne O Bell
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引用次数: 0
When Science and Politics Are Mixed. 当科学与政治混为一谈
IF 24.7 1区 医学 Q1 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2024-11-18 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.4827
Ola Didrik Saugstad
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引用次数: 0
Systemic Postnatal Corticosteroids, Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia, and Survival Free of Cerebral Palsy. 产后系统性皮质类固醇、支气管肺发育不良和无脑瘫存活率。
IF 24.7 1区 医学 Q1 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2024-11-18 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.4575
Lex W Doyle, Rheanna Mainzer, Jeanie L Y Cheong

Importance: Systemic postnatal corticosteroids have been shown to reduce rates of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in infants born preterm, but both corticosteroids and BPD are associated with cerebral palsy.

Objective: To describe how the association between systemic postnatal corticosteroids and survival free of cerebral palsy varies with the risk of BPD in infants born preterm, and if the association differs between dexamethasone and hydrocortisone, or with age at starting treatment.

Design, setting, and participants: This comparative effectiveness research used weighted meta-regression analysis of eligible randomized clinical trials (RCTs) of systemic postnatal corticosteroids reported from June 1989 through March 2022 that included rates of all of BPD, mortality, and cerebral palsy in neonatal intensive care units in 10 countries. Infants born preterm at risk of BPD were included. Data were analyzed from April and July 2024.

Interventions: Systemic dexamethasone or hydrocortisone.

Main outcomes and measures: Type and timing of corticosteroid, control group rate of BPD, and risk difference in survival free of cerebral palsy between corticosteroid and control arms.

Results: Twenty-six RCTs with data on 3700 randomized infants were eligible; 18 (69%) investigated dexamethasone and 8 (31%) hydrocortisone; 12 (46%) started treatment in the first week after birth. There was evidence for a differential association of the type of corticosteroid with the effect of systemic dexamethasone on survival free of cerebral palsy and the risk of BPD in control groups (interaction coefficient, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.25-0.82; P = .001). For dexamethasone, for every 10-percentage point increase in the risk of BPD, the risk difference for survival free of cerebral palsy increased by 3.74% (95% CI, 1.54 to 5.93; P = .002). Dexamethasone was associated with improved survival free of cerebral palsy at a risk of BPD greater than 70%. Conversely, dexamethasone was associated with harm at a risk of BPD less than 30%. There was some evidence for a negative association with hydrocortisone, with possible benefit with risk of BPD less than 30%. There was no strong evidence for a differential effect of timing among those treated with dexamethasone (interaction coefficient, 0.13; 95% CI, -0.04 to 0.30; P = .14).

Conclusions and relevance: The findings suggest that dexamethasone (compared with control) was associated with improved rates of survival free of cerebral palsy in infants at high risk of BPD but should be avoided in those at low risk. A role for hydrocortisone is uncertain.

重要性:事实证明,产后全身使用皮质类固醇可降低早产儿支气管肺发育不良(BPD)的发病率,但皮质类固醇和BPD都与脑瘫有关:目的:描述全身性产后皮质类固醇与无脑瘫存活率之间的关系如何随早产儿患 BPD 的风险而变化,以及地塞米松和氢化可的松之间的关系是否存在差异,或与开始治疗的年龄是否存在差异:这项比较有效性研究对 1989 年 6 月至 2022 年 3 月期间报告的符合条件的全身性产后皮质类固醇随机临床试验(RCT)进行了加权元回归分析,其中包括 10 个国家新生儿重症监护室中所有 BPD、死亡率和脑瘫的发生率。早产且有 BPD 风险的婴儿也包括在内。对 2024 年 4 月至 7 月的数据进行了分析:干预措施:全身使用地塞米松或氢化可的松:皮质类固醇的类型和时间、对照组的 BPD 发生率、皮质类固醇组和对照组之间无脑瘫生存率的风险差异:符合条件的有 26 项 RCT,涉及 3700 名随机婴儿的数据;18 项(69%)研究了地塞米松,8 项(31%)研究了氢化可的松;12 项(46%)研究在婴儿出生后第一周开始治疗。有证据表明,皮质类固醇的类型与全身地塞米松对无脑瘫存活率和对照组 BPD 风险的影响存在差异(交互作用系数,0.54;95% CI,0.25-0.82;P = .001)。就地塞米松而言,BPD风险每增加10个百分点,无脑瘫存活率的风险差异就会增加3.74%(95% CI,1.54-5.93;P = .002)。在 BPD 风险大于 70% 的情况下,地塞米松与改善无脑瘫存活率相关。相反,地塞米松则会在脑瘫风险低于 30% 时对患者造成伤害。有证据表明氢化可的松与脑瘫有负相关,但在脑瘫风险低于 30% 的情况下,氢化可的松可能会带来益处。没有强有力的证据表明地塞米松治疗时间的不同会产生不同的影响(交互系数,0.13;95% CI,-0.04 至 0.30;P = .14):研究结果表明,地塞米松(与对照组相比)可提高高危婴儿的脑瘫存活率,但应避免用于低危婴儿。氢化可的松的作用尚不确定。
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引用次数: 0
Pediatric Exclusivity Revenues for Cancer Drugs. 癌症药物的儿科独家经营收入。
IF 24.7 1区 医学 Q1 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2024-11-11 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.4449
Ameet Sarpatwari, Liam Bendicksen, Douglas S Hawkins, Lia Gore, Florence T Bourgeois
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引用次数: 0
Maternal Obesity and Sudden Unexpected Infant Death-Reply. 产妇肥胖与婴儿意外猝死--回复。
IF 24.7 1区 医学 Q1 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2024-11-11 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.4713
Darren Tanner, Juan Lavista Ferres, Edwin A Mitchell
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引用次数: 0
Maternal Obesity and Sudden Unexpected Infant Death. 产妇肥胖与婴儿意外猝死。
IF 24.7 1区 医学 Q1 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2024-11-11 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.4716
Nicole E James
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引用次数: 0
Country-Level Improvements in Nurturing Care and Child Development. 国家一级在保育和儿童发展方面的改进。
IF 24.7 1区 医学 Q1 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.4615
Dana C McCoy, Jorge Cuartas, Jonathan Seiden
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引用次数: 0
Changes Induced by Early Hand-Arm Bimanual Intensive Therapy Including Lower Extremities in Young Children With Unilateral Cerebral Palsy: A Randomized Clinical Trial. 幼儿单侧脑瘫早期手臂双手强化治疗(包括下肢)引起的变化:一项随机临床试验。
IF 26.1 1区 医学 Q1 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.4809
Rodrigo Araneda, Daniela Ebner-Karestinos, Julie Paradis, Anne Klöcker, Geoffroy Saussez, Josselin Demas, Rodolphe Bailly, Sandra Bouvier, Astrid Carton de Tournai, Enimie Herman, Aghiles Souki, Grégoire Le Gal, Emmanuel Nowak, Stephane V Sizonenko, Christopher J Newman, Mickael Dinomais, Inmaculada Riquelme, Andrea Guzzetta, Sylvain Brochard, Yannick Bleyenheuft
<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Intensive interventions are provided to young children with unilateral cerebral palsy (UCP), classically focused on the upper extremity despite the frequent impairment of gross motor function. Hand-Arm Bimanual Intensive Therapy Including Lower Extremities (HABIT-ILE) effectively improves manual dexterity and gross motor function in school-aged children.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To verify if HABIT-ILE would improve manual abilities in young children with UCP more than usual motor activity.</p><p><strong>Design, setting, and participants: </strong>This prospective randomized clinical trial (November 2018 to December 2021), including 2 parallel groups and a 1:1 allocation, recruitment took place at European university hospitals, cerebral palsy specialized centers, and spontaneous applications at 3 sites: Brussels, Belgium; Brest, France; and Pisa, Italy. Matched (age at inclusion, lesion type, cause of cerebral palsy, and affected side) pairs randomization was performed. Young children were assessed at baseline (T0), 2 weeks after baseline (T1), and 3 months after baseline (T2). Health care professionals and assessors of main outcomes were blinded to group allocation. At least 23 young children (in each group) aged 12 to 59 months with spastic/dyskinetic UCP and able to follow instructions were needed. Exclusion criteria included uncontrolled seizures, scheduled botulinum toxin injections, orthopedic surgery scheduled during the 6 months before or during the study period, severe visual/cognitive impairments, or contraindications to magnetic resonance imaging.</p><p><strong>Interventions: </strong>Two weeks of usual motor activity including usual rehabilitation (control group) vs 2 weeks (50 hours) of HABIT-ILE (HABIT-ILE group).</p><p><strong>Main outcomes and measures: </strong>Primary outcome: Assisting Hand Assessment (AHA); secondary outcomes: Gross Motor Function Measure-66 (GMFM-66), Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory-Computer Adaptive Test (PEDI-CAT), and Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM).</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Of 50 recruited young children (26 girls [52%], median age; 35.3 months for HABIT-ILE group; median age, 32.8 months for control group), 49 were included in the final analyses. Change in AHA score from T0 to T2 was significantly greater in the HABIT-ILE group (adjusted mean score difference [MD], 5.19; 95% CI, 2.84-7.55; P < .001). Changes in GMFM-66 (MD, 4.72; 95% CI, 2.66-6.78), PEDI-CAT daily activities (MD, 1.40; 95% CI, 0.29-2.51), COPM performance (MD, 3.62; 95% CI, 2.91-4.32), and satisfaction (MD, 3.53; 95% CI, 2.70-4.36) scores were greater in the HABIT ILE group.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>In this clinical trial, early HABIT-ILE was shown to be an effective treatment to improve motor performance in young children with UCP. Moreover, the improvements had an impact on daily life activities of these children.</p><p><strong>Trial r
重要性:为患有单侧脑瘫(UCP)的幼儿提供强化干预,尽管总运动功能经常受损,但通常集中在上肢。包括下肢在内的手臂双手强化治疗(HABIT-ILE)有效改善了学龄儿童的手灵活性和总运动功能。目的:验证HABIT-ILE是否能比平时的运动活动更能提高患有UCP的幼儿的动手能力。设计、设置和参与者:这项前瞻性随机临床试验(2018年11月至2021年12月),包括2个平行组和1:1的分配,在欧洲大学医院、脑瘫专科中心进行,并在3个地点自发应用:比利时布鲁塞尔;法国布雷斯特;以及意大利比萨。配对(纳入时的年龄、病变类型、脑瘫原因和受累侧)进行随机分组。在基线(T0)、基线后2周(T1)和基线后3个月(T2)对幼儿进行评估。卫生保健专业人员和主要结果的评估人员对分组不知情。需要至少23名年龄在12至59个月之间患有痉挛/运动障碍UCP并能够遵循指示的幼儿(每组)。排除标准包括未控制的癫痫发作、计划的肉毒杆菌毒素注射、研究前或研究期间6个月内计划的骨科手术、严重的视觉/认知障碍或磁共振成像禁忌症。干预措施:两周的常规运动活动,包括常规康复(对照组)与2周(50小时)的HABIT-ILE(HABIT-ILE组)。主要结果和措施:主要结果:辅助手部评估(AHA);次要结果:总运动功能测量-66(GMFM-66)、儿童残疾评估量表计算机适应性测试(PEDI-CAT)和加拿大职业表现测量(COPM)。结果:在50名招募的幼儿中(26名女孩[52%],中位年龄;HABIT-ILE组35.3个月;对照组32.8个月),49人被纳入最终分析。HABIT-ILE组的AHA评分从T0到T2的变化明显更大(调整后的平均分差异[MD],5.19;95%可信区间,2.84-7.55;P 结论和相关性:在这项临床试验中,早期HABIT-ILE被证明是改善幼儿UCP运动表现的有效治疗方法。此外,这些改善对这些儿童的日常生活活动产生了影响。试验注册:ClinicalTrials.gov标识符:NCT04020354。
{"title":"Changes Induced by Early Hand-Arm Bimanual Intensive Therapy Including Lower Extremities in Young Children With Unilateral Cerebral Palsy: A Randomized Clinical Trial.","authors":"Rodrigo Araneda, Daniela Ebner-Karestinos, Julie Paradis, Anne Klöcker, Geoffroy Saussez, Josselin Demas, Rodolphe Bailly, Sandra Bouvier, Astrid Carton de Tournai, Enimie Herman, Aghiles Souki, Grégoire Le Gal, Emmanuel Nowak, Stephane V Sizonenko, Christopher J Newman, Mickael Dinomais, Inmaculada Riquelme, Andrea Guzzetta, Sylvain Brochard, Yannick Bleyenheuft","doi":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.4809","DOIUrl":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.4809","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Importance: &lt;/strong&gt;Intensive interventions are provided to young children with unilateral cerebral palsy (UCP), classically focused on the upper extremity despite the frequent impairment of gross motor function. Hand-Arm Bimanual Intensive Therapy Including Lower Extremities (HABIT-ILE) effectively improves manual dexterity and gross motor function in school-aged children.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;To verify if HABIT-ILE would improve manual abilities in young children with UCP more than usual motor activity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Design, setting, and participants: &lt;/strong&gt;This prospective randomized clinical trial (November 2018 to December 2021), including 2 parallel groups and a 1:1 allocation, recruitment took place at European university hospitals, cerebral palsy specialized centers, and spontaneous applications at 3 sites: Brussels, Belgium; Brest, France; and Pisa, Italy. Matched (age at inclusion, lesion type, cause of cerebral palsy, and affected side) pairs randomization was performed. Young children were assessed at baseline (T0), 2 weeks after baseline (T1), and 3 months after baseline (T2). Health care professionals and assessors of main outcomes were blinded to group allocation. At least 23 young children (in each group) aged 12 to 59 months with spastic/dyskinetic UCP and able to follow instructions were needed. Exclusion criteria included uncontrolled seizures, scheduled botulinum toxin injections, orthopedic surgery scheduled during the 6 months before or during the study period, severe visual/cognitive impairments, or contraindications to magnetic resonance imaging.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Interventions: &lt;/strong&gt;Two weeks of usual motor activity including usual rehabilitation (control group) vs 2 weeks (50 hours) of HABIT-ILE (HABIT-ILE group).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Main outcomes and measures: &lt;/strong&gt;Primary outcome: Assisting Hand Assessment (AHA); secondary outcomes: Gross Motor Function Measure-66 (GMFM-66), Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory-Computer Adaptive Test (PEDI-CAT), and Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Of 50 recruited young children (26 girls [52%], median age; 35.3 months for HABIT-ILE group; median age, 32.8 months for control group), 49 were included in the final analyses. Change in AHA score from T0 to T2 was significantly greater in the HABIT-ILE group (adjusted mean score difference [MD], 5.19; 95% CI, 2.84-7.55; P &lt; .001). Changes in GMFM-66 (MD, 4.72; 95% CI, 2.66-6.78), PEDI-CAT daily activities (MD, 1.40; 95% CI, 0.29-2.51), COPM performance (MD, 3.62; 95% CI, 2.91-4.32), and satisfaction (MD, 3.53; 95% CI, 2.70-4.36) scores were greater in the HABIT ILE group.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions and relevance: &lt;/strong&gt;In this clinical trial, early HABIT-ILE was shown to be an effective treatment to improve motor performance in young children with UCP. Moreover, the improvements had an impact on daily life activities of these children.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Trial r","PeriodicalId":14683,"journal":{"name":"JAMA Pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":"19-28"},"PeriodicalIF":26.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10628844/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"71481588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Association Between Restricted Abortion Access and Child Entries Into the Foster Care System. 限制堕胎与儿童进入寄养系统之间的关系。
IF 24.7 1区 医学 Q1 PEDIATRICS Pub Date : 2024-01-01 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2023.4738
Savannah Adkins, Noa Talmor, Molly H White, Caryn Dutton, Ashley L O'Donoghue
<p><strong>Importance: </strong>The 2022 US Supreme Court decision Dobbs v Jackson Women's Health Organization overturned federal protections to abortion care, allowing many states to severely restrict or ban access to abortion. Given the implications of the Dobbs ruling, there is a need to understand the full consequences of restricted abortion access. Before 2022, many states restricted access to safe and legal abortions through Targeted Regulation of Abortion Providers (TRAP) laws, which provide a historical mode for estimating the consequences of abortion restrictions.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To use TRAP law enactment as a natural experiment to quantify the association between restricted abortion access and foster care entries.</p><p><strong>Design, setting, and participants: </strong>In this cohort study, data on the enactment of TRAP laws and case-level data on foster care entries were used to estimate the association between restricted abortion access and foster care entries in each of the 50 US states and the District of Columbia. The sample included children conceived between January 1, 1990, and December 31, 2011, who were placed into foster care at any point between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2020. Data analysis was performed from January 2023 to July 2023.</p><p><strong>Exposures: </strong>Restricted abortion access due to state-level TRAP laws during pregnancy.</p><p><strong>Main outcomes and measures: </strong>The main outcome was the number of children entering foster care in each state, measured by year of child conception. The analysis was performed using a generalized difference-in-differences design, comparing entries into foster care in states with TRAP laws to states without TRAP laws, before and after their implementation.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>This study included 4 179 701 children who were placed into foster care during the study period, with 11 016 561 entries. More than half of the children were male (51.4%), and the mean (SD) age was 7.4 (5.2) years. There was an 11% increase in foster care placement after abortion access was restricted in states with TRAP laws, relative to states without TRAP laws (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 1.11 [95% CI, 1.01-1.23]). These laws had significant consequences for Black children (IRR, 1.15 [95% CI, 1.05-1.28]) and racial and ethnic minority children (IRR, 1.15 [95% CI, 1.02-1.30]). The increase in entries due to TRAP laws was particularly attributable to housing inadequacy (IRR, 1.21 [95% CI, 1.11-1.32]).</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>Restricted abortion access can have numerous consequences, and these findings reveal a heightened strain on the US foster care system, particularly affecting marginalized racial and ethnic communities and financially vulnerable families. These placements have been shown to have lifelong consequences for children and substantial costs for both states and the federal government. To further examine the widespread
重要性:2022年美国最高法院多布斯诉杰克逊妇女健康组织案推翻了联邦对堕胎护理的保护,允许许多州严格限制或禁止堕胎。鉴于多布斯裁决的影响,有必要了解限制堕胎的全部后果。2022年之前,许多州通过有针对性的堕胎服务提供者监管法(TRAP)限制了获得安全合法堕胎的机会,该法为估计堕胎限制的后果提供了一种历史模式。目的:将TRAP法律的制定作为一项自然实验,量化限制堕胎和寄养之间的关系。设计、设置和参与者:在这项队列研究中,关于TRAP法律制定的数据和寄养登记的案例级数据被用于估计美国50个州和哥伦比亚特区的限制堕胎和寄养登记之间的关联。样本包括1990年1月1日至2011年12月31日期间怀孕的儿童,这些儿童在2000年1月一日至2020年12月三十一日期间的任何时候都被寄养。数据分析于2023年1月至2023年7月进行。暴露:由于国家级TRAP法律,怀孕期间堕胎受到限制。主要结果和衡量标准:主要结果是各州进入寄养家庭的儿童数量,以受孕年份衡量。该分析是使用广义差异设计进行的,比较了有TRAP法律的州和没有TRAP法律州在实施前后进入寄养的情况。结果:本研究包括4项 179 在研究期间,701名儿童被寄养,其中11名 016 561个条目。超过一半的儿童是男性(51.4%),平均(SD)年龄为7.4(5.2)岁。与没有TRAP法律的州相比,有TRAP法律限制堕胎后的寄养安置增加了11%(发病率比率[IRR],1.11[95%CI, 1.01-1.23])。这些法律对黑人儿童(IRR,1.15[95%CI,1.05-1.28])以及种族和少数民族儿童(IRR, 1.15[95%CI, 1.02-1.30])。由于TRAP法律导致的条目增加尤其归因于住房不足(IRR, 1.21[95%CI, 1.11-13.2])。结论和相关性:限制堕胎可能会产生许多后果,这些发现揭示了美国寄养系统的压力加剧,特别是影响到边缘化的种族和族裔社区以及经济弱势家庭。这些安置已被证明会对儿童产生终身影响,并给各州和联邦政府带来巨大成本。为了进一步研究罗诉韦德案被推翻的广泛影响,未来的研究应该预测寄养人数的预期增长,并估计支持这些儿童所需的支出。
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引用次数: 0
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JAMA Pediatrics
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