JAMA Pediatrics最新文献

{"title":"Transgenerational Clinical Care-The Case for Family-Based Treatment.","authors":"Leonard H Epstein, Denise E Wilfley, Leonard E Egede","doi":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.5904","DOIUrl":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.5904","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14683,"journal":{"name":"JAMA Pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":"120-121"},"PeriodicalIF":24.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142877032","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What Parents Should Know About Children With Multiple Languages.","authors":"Aliya M Othman, Lindsay A Thompson","doi":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.4495","DOIUrl":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.4495","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14683,"journal":{"name":"JAMA Pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":"224"},"PeriodicalIF":24.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142877035","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"More on Neighborhood Food Access by Child Body Mass Index and Obesity-Reply.","authors":"Izzuddin M Aris","doi":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.6008","DOIUrl":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.6008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14683,"journal":{"name":"JAMA Pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":"222-223"},"PeriodicalIF":24.7,"publicationDate":"2025-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142949089","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Identifying the Strongest Correlates of Condom Use Among US Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.","authors":"Laura Widman, Reina Evans-Paulson, Anne J Maheux, Jordyn McCrimmon, Julia Brasileiro, Claire D Stout, Aaron Lankster, Sophia Choukas-Bradley","doi":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.5594","DOIUrl":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.5594","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Importance: </strong>Condoms are effective at preventing sexually transmitted infections and pregnancy; however, only 52% of sexually active US adolescents used a condom at last intercourse.</p><p><strong>Objective: </strong>To examine (1) the association between 36 psychosocial variables and adolescent condom use to determine the strongest correlates of condom use behavior across the literature, (2) heterogeneity of these effects, and (3) the moderating roles of age, gender/sex, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation, and year of study.</p><p><strong>Data sources: </strong>A systematic search was conducted of studies published between January 2000 and February 2024 using Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Communication Source databases, plus relevant review articles and unpublished data.</p><p><strong>Study selection: </strong>Studies were included if they (1) were observational studies of US adolescents (mean sample age <19 years), (2) included adolescent reports of condom use behavior and a correlate of interest, and (3) were available in English after January 2000.</p><p><strong>Data extraction and synthesis: </strong>Investigators extracted data on participant characteristics, study methods, settings, correlates, condom use outcomes, and study quality. Correlation coefficients and 95% CIs were computed from studies and meta-analyzed using random-effects models.</p><p><strong>Main outcomes and measures: </strong>The primary outcome was adolescent-reported condom use behavior.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>A total of 249 studies with 283 independent samples (251 713 adolescents; weighted mean age, 16.2 years) were synthesized. Twenty-three correlates were significantly associated with adolescent condom use. The correlates of condom use with the largest weighted mean effects were condom use at first sex (Pearson r = 0.47; 95% CI, 0.36-0.56), condom use intentions (Pearson r = 0.42; 95% CI, 0.35-0.48), and condom communication with a partner (Pearson r = 0.41; 95% CI, 0.29-0.52). Safer sex knowledge-a primary focus of many sex education efforts-was not significantly associated with condom use (Pearson r = -0.03; 95% CI, -0.10 to 0.05). Most effects (24 of 31 [77%]) were statistically significantly heterogeneous; age, gender/sex, sexual orientation, and year of study explained heterogeneity in only a few effects.</p><p><strong>Conclusions and relevance: </strong>This systematic review and meta-analysis identified the strongest and weakest correlates of adolescent condom use across nearly 25 years of research. These results can be used to refine sexual behavior theory and guide more targeted evidence-based intervention efforts for adolescents.</p>","PeriodicalId":14683,"journal":{"name":"JAMA Pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":24.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11773394/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143046819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative Efficacy of Nonsteroid Immunosuppressive Medications in Childhood Nephrotic Syndrome.","authors":"Cal H Robinson, Nowrin Aman, Tonny Banh, Josefina Brooke, Rahul Chanchlani, Brian H Cuthbertson, Vaneet Dhillon, Eddy Fan, Valerie Langlois, Leo Levin, Christoph Licht, Ashlene McKay, Damien Noone, Rachel Pearl, Seetha Radhakrishnan, Veronique Rowley, Chia Wei Teoh, Jovanka Vasilevska-Ristovska, Anna Heath, Rulan S Parekh","doi":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.5286","DOIUrl":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.5286","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Importance: &lt;/strong&gt;Cyclophosphamide and calcineurin inhibitors are the most used nonsteroid immunosuppressive medications globally for children with various chronic inflammatory conditions. Their comparative effectiveness remains uncertain, leading to worldwide practice variation. Nephrotic syndrome is the most common kidney disease managed by pediatricians globally and suboptimal treatment is associated with high morbidity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;To evaluate the comparative effectiveness of cyclophosphamide vs calcineurin inhibitors (tacrolimus or cyclosporine) for childhood nephrotic syndrome relapse prevention.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Design, setting, and participants: &lt;/strong&gt;Using target trial emulation methods, the study team emulated a pragmatic, open-label clinical trial using available data from the Insight Into Nephrotic Syndrome: Investigating Genes, Health, and Therapeutics (INSIGHT) study. INSIGHT is a multicenter, prospective cohort study in the Greater Toronto Area, Canada. Participants included children (1 to 18 years) with steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome diagnosed between 1996 and 2019 from the Greater Toronto Area, who initiated cyclophosphamide or a calcineurin inhibitor treatment. Data analysis was performed in 2024.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Exposures: &lt;/strong&gt;Incident cyclophosphamide or calcineurin inhibitor treatment. Randomization was emulated by overlap weighting of propensity scores for treatment assignment.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Main outcomes: &lt;/strong&gt;The primary outcome was time to relapse, analyzed by weighted Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards models. Secondary outcomes included relapse rates, subsequent immunosuppression, kidney function, hypertension, adverse events, and quality of life.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;Of 578 children (median age at diagnosis, 3.7 [IQR, 2.8-6.0] years; 371 male [64%] and 207 female [36%]), 252 initiated cyclophosphamide, 131 initiated calcineurin inhibitors, and 87 sequentially initiated both medications. Baseline characteristics were well balanced after propensity score weighting. During median 5.5-year (quarter 1 to quarter 3, 2.5-9.2) follow-up, there was no significant difference in time to relapse between calcineurin inhibitor vs cyclophosphamide treatment (hazard ratio [HR], 1.25; 95% CI, 0.84-1.87). Relapses were more common after calcineurin inhibitor treatment than cyclophosphamide (85% vs 73%) in the weighted cohorts, but not statistically significant. There were also no significant differences in subsequent relapse rates, nonsteroid immunosuppression use, or kidney function between medications. Calcineurin inhibitor treatment was associated with more hospitalizations (HR, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.14-2.92) and intravenous albumin use (HR, 2.81; 95% CI, 1.65-4.81).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusions and relevance: &lt;/strong&gt;In this study, there was no evidence of difference in time to relapse after cyclophosphamide and calcineurin inhibitor treatment in children with nephrotic synd","PeriodicalId":14683,"journal":{"name":"JAMA Pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":24.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11773402/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143046796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"What Parents Should Know About Allergic Rhinitis.","authors":"Aparna Prasad, Jennifer L Thompson, Lindsay A Thompson","doi":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.5616","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.5616","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14683,"journal":{"name":"JAMA Pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":24.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143046884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"First-Attempt Success in Ultrasound-Guided vs Standard Peripheral Intravenous Catheter Insertion: The EPIC Superiority Randomized Clinical Trial.","authors":"Tricia M Kleidon, Jessica A Schults, Ruth H Royle, Victoria Gibson, Robert S Ware, Elizabeth Andresen, Paula Cattanach, Anna Dean, Colleen Pitt, Malanda Ramstedt, Joshua Byrnes, Patrick Nelmes, Claire M Rickard, Amanda J Ullman","doi":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.5581","DOIUrl":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.5581","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Importance: &lt;/strong&gt;Pediatric peripheral intravenous catheter (PIVC) insertion can be difficult and time-consuming, frequently requiring multiple insertion attempts and often resulting in increased anxiety, distress, and treatment avoidance among children and their families. Ultrasound-guided PIVC insertion is a superior alternative to standard technique (palpation and visualization) in high-risk patients.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Objective: &lt;/strong&gt;To compare first-time insertion success of PIVCs inserted with ultrasound guidance compared with standard technique (palpation and visualization) across all risk categories in the general pediatric hospital population.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Design, setting, and participants: &lt;/strong&gt;An open-label, pragmatic, superiority, randomized clinical trial was conducted in an Australian quaternary pediatric hospital. Children (ages 0-18 years) requiring PIVC insertion were included between July 2021 and December 2022. One catheter was studied per patient, and analysis was by intention to treat. Data analysis was performed from April to October 2023.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Intervention: &lt;/strong&gt;Eligible children were randomly assigned (1:1 using computer-generated randomization and concealed allocation) to receive ultrasound-guided or standard PIVC insertion. Randomization was stratified by insertion difficulty (low, medium, or high risk) defined using a standardized tool.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Main outcomes and measures: &lt;/strong&gt;The primary outcome was first-time insertion success. Secondary outcomes included number of insertion attempts, insertion failure, postinsertion complications, dwell time, patient and parent satisfaction, and health care costs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Results: &lt;/strong&gt;A total of 164 children were randomly assigned to ultrasound-guided insertion (n = 84) or standard care (n = 80), with 81 (96.4%) and 78 (97.5%) receiving their allocated intervention, respectively. The median (IQR) age was 24 (10-120) months, and 93 children (56.7%) were male. First-time insertion success was higher with ultrasound-guided PIVC insertion (72 children [85.7%]) compared with standard technique (26 children [32.5%]) (risk difference [RD], 53.6%; 95% CI, 41.7%-65.4%; P &lt; .001). Ultrasound-guided insertion led to significantly greater first-time insertion success across all risk categories, with the following RDs: low risk, 30.8% (95% CI, 8.1%-53.5%); medium risk, 56.2% (95% CI, 37.1%-75.3%); and high risk, 69.6% (95% CI, 52.3%-87.0%). Ultrasound-guided PIVC insertion had higher immediate health care costs (between group difference in total mean cost per person, A$9.33; 95% credible interval, A$8.83-A$10.86 [US $5.83; 95% credible interval, $5.52-$6.78]).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Conclusion and relevance: &lt;/strong&gt;These findings suggest that ultrasound-guided PIVC insertion improves first-time insertion success across all risk categories in pediatrics, supporting the widespread adoption of ultrasound-guided PIVC insertion in children.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;T","PeriodicalId":14683,"journal":{"name":"JAMA Pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":24.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11773401/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143046803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sudden Unexpected Infant Death and Disparities in Infant Mortality in the US, 1999-2022.","authors":"Elizabeth R Wolf, Frederick P Rivara, Anabeel Sen, Steven H Woolf","doi":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.6200","DOIUrl":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.6200","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14683,"journal":{"name":"JAMA Pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":24.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11773397/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143046824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Supporting Low-Income Families' Access to Summer Health Programs.","authors":"Alishah Ahmadi, Rahim Hirani, Mill Etienne","doi":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.6557","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.6557","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14683,"journal":{"name":"JAMA Pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":24.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143046880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Congenital Cytomegalovirus Screening Moves Ahead.","authors":"Mark R Schleiss","doi":"10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.5569","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.5569","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14683,"journal":{"name":"JAMA Pediatrics","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":24.7,"publicationDate":"2025-01-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143005567","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}