Israel Journal of Chemistry最新文献

The addition of various chemical modifications to RNA introduces an additional layer of complexity to the regulation of gene expression. Among all RNA modifications, N⁶-methyladenosine (m⁶A) has earned its status as the most abundant and well-studied post-transcriptional modification in mammalian mRNA. Nevertheless, understanding the role of m⁶A in shaping the fate of RNA molecules and its influence on gene expression heavily depends on the development and application of detection technologies. Among all m⁶A detection methods, chemical-based sequencing methods show unique advantages. Our group recently developed an absolute quantification method named GLORI, which employs nitrite and glyoxal to convert adenosine to inosine efficiently. With its potential to emerge as the gold standard for m⁶A detection, GLORI showcases the promise of nitrite-based approaches. This review provides a comprehensive overview of m⁶A detection techniques based on deamination or nitrosation, evaluating their strengths and limitations. Furthermore, we offer insights into the future directions of innovative approaches in m⁶A profiling.

RNA-guided RNA modifications, including pseudouridylation and 2′-O-methylation, are naturally occurring processes that introduce pseudouridines (Ψ) and 2’-O-methylated residues (2’-O−Me) into various types of RNA. This modification is orchestrated by two distinct families of ribonucleoprotein complexes: Box H/ACA RNP and Box C/D RNP. Each complex comprises a unique guide (g)RNA (Box H/ACA gRNA or Box C/D gRNA) and a set of core proteins responsible for pseudouridylation and 2’-O-methylation, respectively. The specificity of these modifications is conferred by base-pairing of Box H/ACA gRNA and Box C/D gRNA with their RNA substrates. Here, we discuss the mechanism and function of RNA-guided pseudouridylation and 2’-O-methylation.

The cover picture shows a cyclic voltammogram and catalytically active intermediates, highlighting the importance of a rationale for innovations in the rapidly evolving field of molecular electrosynthesis. Also, as a product structure, a C7 substituted indole, derived through electrocatalysis, is depicted.

Nucleic acids are considered as fundamental molecules of living systems, which serve as universal genetic information messengers and repositories. To uncover the multifaceted aspects of nucleic acid function and metabolism within cells, labeling has become indispensable. This labeling technique enables the visualization, isolation, characterization, and even quantification of specific nucleic acid species. This review delves into cellular metabolic approaches for nucleic acid labeling, wherein enzymatic steps are employed to introduce nucleic acid modifications before conjugation with a label for detection or isolation. The discussion begins with metabolic labeling for DNA, RNA with various reactive groups and post-transcriptional RNA labeling for RNA methylation and acetylation sites, emphasizing recent advancements in the field and then, we spotlighted pertinent applications for cellular imaging and sequencing. of labeling.

Molecular synthesis has gained considerable momentum through the impetus provided by electrochemically-enabled redox manipulation.¹ Organic electrosynthesis and electrocatalysis bear a unique potential to substantially improve molecular chemistry and provide a wide range of innovative transformations. While a first electrochemically-driven organic synthesis dates back to Kolbe's decarboxylative homocoupling in 1848,² organic electrosynthesis has remained largely underexplored. Particularly, recent years have witnessed a remarkable renaissance of electrochemically-enabled organic reactions. Pioneering contributions have during the past several years illustrated the unique opportunities that electrochemistry offers for the assembly of novel molecular structures, while improving the efficiency and sustainability of molecular synthesis. In this Special Issue, the Israelian Journal of Chemistry highlights the latest progress in this field.

Articles enclosed in this Special Issue cover overviews of important recent achievements in electrochemically driven organic synthesis as well as important original research articles on molecular organic electrosynthesis. Thus, Xu reviewed strategies that exploit ferrocene as redox catalyst, emphasizing the power towards catalyzed radical formation.³ Likewise, Onomura summarized the potential of halogen mediators for environmentally-benign and at the same time efficient alcohol oxidations.⁴ Jiao and Mei showed the power of paired electrolysis for organic reactions with ideal resource-economy,⁵ while Cheng outlined the challenges and benefits of water as a particularly benign reaction medium.⁶ Besides electrooxidative strategies, electroreductive transformations have garnered major recent attention. In this context, Weix summarized electrochemical nickel-catalyzed C−C bond formations through cross-electrophile coupling,⁷ while Gosmini provided an overview on powerful transition metal-catalyzed electroreductive approachess for C−C bond formation.⁸ On a different note, de Sarkar focused on electroreductive transformations involving C−C and C−O multiple bonds.⁹ Novel innovative concepts in the realm of organic electrosynthesis, are presented in selected research articles highlighting exciting recent advances. Here, Ruan established an electrochemical cascade cyclization for a convenient access to 3-selenylindoles,¹⁰ while Ackermann established C7-indole alkenylations based on rhodaelectrocatalysis.¹¹ The elegant design of an off/on switching enabled Kakiuchi to establish a one-pot cross-coupling/C−H bromination for bromoarylpyridines.¹² Finally, Fuchigami systematically compared the impact of the anode materials on the pe