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Richard A. Lerner – Little Known Facets of an Outstanding Man 理查德·勒纳:《一个杰出人物鲜为人知的一面》
IF 3.2 4区 化学 Q2 Chemistry Pub Date : 2023-11-15 DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202300140
Ehud Keinan

Richard was mainly known as a gifted scientist, a charismatic leader, and an original and creative President. And he was my good friend and a role model for over three decades. The term impossible was not part of his vocabulary. I′ve learned from him that there is no limit to imagination and creativity, no limit to the number of assignments one can fulfill, and no limit to the magnitude of a dream one can turn into reality. Richard was blessed with the unique talent to quickly decipher the essence of people‘s thoughts and discover the hidden parts of their personalities, which allowed him to focus on what he defined as the most valuable issues and productive discussions. My experience with him included the joy of scientific discovery, the silent mode of human communication, the power of commitment and dedication, and the wildest sense of humor. Now, nearly two years after his departure, I feel free and obliged to share unknown stories and anecdotes that illuminate various facets of his personality.

理查德主要被认为是一位天才科学家,一位有魅力的领导者,一位有独创性和创造力的总统。他是我的好朋友,也是我三十多年来的榜样。他的字典里没有“不可能”这个词。我从他身上学到了想象力和创造力是没有限制的,一个人能完成的任务是没有限制的,一个人能把梦想变成现实的程度是没有限制的。理查德被赋予了一种独特的才能,能够迅速破译人们思想的本质,发现他们个性中隐藏的部分,这使他能够专注于他所定义的最有价值的问题和富有成效的讨论。我和他在一起的经历包括科学发现的喜悦、人类交流的沉默方式、承诺和奉献的力量,以及最狂野的幽默感。现在,在他离开近两年之后,我感到自由,也有义务分享一些不为人知的故事和轶事,这些故事和轶事揭示了他性格的各个方面。
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引用次数: 0
Richard Lerner (1938–2021) 理查德·勒纳(1938-2021)
IF 3.2 4区 化学 Q2 Chemistry Pub Date : 2023-11-15 DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202300150
Dr. Peter G. Schultz

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引用次数: 0
STEM Structural Investigation of RE‐Au‐Si 1/1 Approximants 稀土-金-硅1/1近似物的STEM结构研究
4区 化学 Q2 Chemistry Pub Date : 2023-11-14 DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202300117
Wilfried Bajoun Mbajoun, Vinko Sršan, Yu‐Chin. Huang, Girma Hailu Gebresenbut, Cesar Pay Gómez, Sylvie Migot‐Choux, Jaafar Ghanbaja, Sašo Šturm, Vincent Fournée, Julian Ledieu
Abstract RE‐Au‐Si (RE=Ho, Tb) systems are 1/1 Tsai‐type quasicrystalline approximants with a cluster center decoration that can vary from a disordered tetrahedron to a rare‐earth atom. The local atomic structure of three different samples was observed by scanning transmission electron microscopy and interpreted in the light of high‐angle annular dark field simulated scanning transmission electron microscopy images. It is found that the combination of these two methods allows to identify differences in the chemical decoration of the cluster centers through quantitative analysis of line profiles.
RE - Au - Si (RE=Ho, Tb)体系是具有团簇中心修饰的1/1 Tsai型准晶近似体,可以是无序四面体,也可以是稀土原子。用扫描透射电子显微镜观察了三种不同样品的局部原子结构,并用高角度环形暗场模拟扫描透射电子显微镜图像对其进行了解释。研究发现,这两种方法的结合可以通过对线形的定量分析来识别簇中心化学装饰的差异。
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引用次数: 0
Recent Advances in Electrochemical Reductive Transformation of C−C and C−O Multiple Bonds C-C 和 C-O 多键电化学还原转化的最新进展
IF 3.2 4区 化学 Q2 Chemistry Pub Date : 2023-11-08 DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202300102
Atreyee Halder, Kingshuk Mahanty, Debabrata Maiti, Dr. Suman De Sarkar

In recent decades, electro-organic synthesis is indubitably emerging as a cornerstone of modern organic chemistry. Electrochemical organic transformations especially reduction reactions have made massive advancements in the last few years because of their sustainable and environ-friendly nature. Electro-reductive protocols can be used as a promising substitute for conventional reductants by expelling the requirement of the stoichiometric amount of metal reductants. The major challenges for these electro-reductive reactions are primarily the use of a sacrificial electrode and divided cells. These limitations can be resolved through smart reaction planning by employing cheap sacrificial reagents or paired electrolysis without compromising the sustainable viewpoint. Considering the rapid enhancement in this field, imparting an intangible understanding of this evolving area is essential and substantial. In this review, we portrayed the electrochemical reductive transformations of C−C and C−O bonds after 2015 along with detailed mechanistic insights.

近几十年来,电有机合成已无可争议地成为现代有机化学的基石。电化学有机转化,尤其是还原反应,因其可持续和环保的特性,在过去几年中取得了巨大的进步。电还原反应不需要等量的金属还原剂,因此可以替代传统的还原剂。这些电还原反应面临的主要挑战是使用牺牲电极和分隔电池。这些限制可以通过采用廉价的牺牲试剂或配对电解进行智能反应规划来解决,而不会影响可持续观点。考虑到这一领域的快速发展,传授对这一不断发展的领域的无形理解至关重要。在这篇综述中,我们描绘了 2015 年之后 C-C 和 C-O 键的电化学还原转化以及详细的机理见解。
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引用次数: 0
Pharmacologic Targeting of PDIA1 Inhibits NLRP3 Inflammasome Assembly and Activation PDIA1抑制NLRP3炎性小体组装和激活的药理学靶点
4区 化学 Q2 Chemistry Pub Date : 2023-11-08 DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202300125
Jessica D. Rosarda, Caroline R. Stanton, Emily B. Chen, Michael J. Bollong, R. Luke Wiseman
Abstract The NLRP3 inflammasome is a cytosolic protein complex that regulates innate immune signaling in response to diverse pathogenic insults through the proteolytic processing and secretion of pro‐inflammatory cytokines such as IL‐1β. Hyperactivation of NLRP3 inflammasome signaling is implicated in the onset and pathogenesis of numerous diseases, motivating the discovery of new strategies to suppress NLRP3 inflammasome activity. We sought to define the potential for the proteostasis regulator AA147 to inhibit the assembly and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. AA147 is a pro‐drug that is metabolically converted to a reactive metabolite at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane to covalently modify ER‐localized proteins such as protein disulfide isomerases (PDIs). We show that AA147 inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activity in monocytes and monocyte‐derived macrophages through a mechanism involving impaired assembly of the active inflammasome complex. This inhibition is mediated through AA147‐dependent covalent modification of PDIA1. Genetic depletion or treatment with other highly selective PDIA1 inhibitors similarly blocks NLRP3 inflammasome assembly and activation. Our results identify PDIA1 as a potential therapeutic target to mitigate NLRP3 inflammasome‐mediated pro‐inflammatory signaling implicated in etiologically diverse diseases.
NLRP3炎性小体是一种胞质蛋白复合物,通过蛋白水解加工和促炎细胞因子(如IL - 1β)的分泌来调节先天免疫信号,以应对多种致病性损伤。NLRP3炎性小体信号的过度激活与许多疾病的发病和发病机制有关,促进了抑制NLRP3炎性小体活性的新策略的发现。我们试图确定蛋白平衡调节剂AA147抑制NLRP3炎症小体的组装和激活的潜力。AA147是一种前药物,在内质网(ER)膜上代谢转化为反应性代谢物,共价修饰内质网定位的蛋白质,如蛋白质二硫异构酶(pdi)。研究表明,AA147抑制单核细胞和单核细胞源性巨噬细胞中NLRP3炎性体的活性,其机制涉及活性炎性体复合物的组装受损。这种抑制是通过a147依赖性PDIA1共价修饰介导的。基因缺失或使用其他高选择性PDIA1抑制剂治疗同样会阻断NLRP3炎性体的组装和激活。我们的研究结果确定PDIA1是一个潜在的治疗靶点,可以减轻NLRP3炎症小体介导的炎症前信号,这与多种病因疾病有关。
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引用次数: 0
The Role of the Proteasome in Limiting Cellular Stress Associated with Protein Accumulation 蛋白酶体在限制与蛋白质积累相关的细胞应激中的作用
4区 化学 Q2 Chemistry Pub Date : 2023-11-07 DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202300120
Kate A. Kragness, Darci J. Trader
Abstract The proteasome is comprised of multiple subunits that catalyze the degradation of proteins to maintain cellular homeostasis. The proteasome targets protein substrates by two different pathways. The ubiquitin‐dependent pathway requires proteins to be labeled with a ubiquitin tag to signal for degradation by the 26S isoform of the proteasome. Protein degradation through this pathway declines during age progression. The ubiquitin‐independent pathway utilizes the 20S proteasome isoform. It can degrade misfolded and intrinsically disordered proteins to decrease cellular stress. Age‐related protein accumulation and aggregation can occur due to the decreased activity and expression of the proteasome. Protein accumulation causes increased cellular stress which can contribute to disease progression. Increasing proteasome activity could serve as a solution to eliminating and preventing protein accumulation. Studies have shown the value of the proteasome as a therapeutic entity to mitigate cellular stress. This perspective explores the link between proteasome activity and cellular stress caused by age‐related misfolded protein accumulation.
蛋白酶体由多个亚基组成,这些亚基催化蛋白质降解以维持细胞内稳态。蛋白酶体通过两种不同的途径靶向蛋白质底物。泛素依赖途径需要用泛素标签标记蛋白质,以指示蛋白酶体的26S异构体降解。通过这一途径的蛋白质降解随着年龄的增长而下降。泛素非依赖性途径利用20S蛋白酶体异构体。它可以降解错误折叠和内在无序的蛋白质,以减少细胞压力。由于蛋白酶体的活性和表达降低,年龄相关的蛋白质积累和聚集可能发生。蛋白质积累导致细胞压力增加,从而导致疾病进展。提高蛋白酶体活性可以作为消除和防止蛋白质积累的解决方案。研究表明,蛋白酶体作为一种治疗实体的价值,以减轻细胞应激。这一观点探讨了蛋白酶体活性与由年龄相关的错误折叠蛋白积累引起的细胞应激之间的联系。
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引用次数: 0
Understanding and Overcoming Biochemical Diversity in AL Amyloidosis 了解和克服AL淀粉样变性的生化多样性
4区 化学 Q2 Chemistry Pub Date : 2023-11-06 DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202300128
Gareth J. Morgan
Abstract Amyloid fibril deposition causes progressive tissue damage and organ failure in the systemic amyloid diseases, and therapies that suppress aggregation lead to clinical benefit. Small molecules that prevent aggregation by binding to precursor proteins are effective for amyloid transthyretin (ATTR) amyloidosis. However, in amyloid light chain (AL) amyloidosis, fibrils are formed by antibody light chains and every patient has a unique protein sequence that aggregates. The highly diverse sequences of these light chains appear to determine whether an individual is at risk of amyloidosis, the distribution of amyloid deposits and the progression of disease. Light chains are therefore challenging drug targets. This review explores the parallels between AL amyloidosis and ATTR amyloidosis to describe the discovery of small molecules that can stabilize light chains. These molecules have potential as therapies for AL amyloidosis, highlighting potential opportunities for drug discovery in other diseases of protein misfolding.
淀粉样蛋白原纤维沉积在全身性淀粉样蛋白疾病中可导致进行性组织损伤和器官衰竭,抑制其聚集的治疗可带来临床益处。通过结合前体蛋白来阻止聚集的小分子对淀粉样转甲状腺素(ATTR)淀粉样变性有效。然而,在淀粉样蛋白轻链(AL)淀粉样变性中,原纤维是由抗体轻链形成的,每个患者都有独特的蛋白质序列聚集。这些轻链的高度多样化的序列似乎决定了一个人是否有淀粉样变的风险,淀粉样蛋白沉积的分布和疾病的进展。因此,轻链是具有挑战性的药物靶点。本综述探讨了AL淀粉样变性和ATTR淀粉样变性之间的相似之处,以描述可以稳定轻链的小分子的发现。这些分子有可能作为AL淀粉样变性的治疗方法,突出了在其他蛋白质错误折叠疾病中发现药物的潜在机会。
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引用次数: 0
Scanning Tunnelling Microscopy Studies of Tsai‐Type Quasicrystal Approximants 蔡型准晶近似物的扫描隧道显微镜研究
4区 化学 Q2 Chemistry Pub Date : 2023-11-02 DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202300116
Sam Coates, Dominic Burnie, Hem Raj Sharma, Ronan McGrath
Abstract We review scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) studies of the surfaces of periodic Tsai‐type approximants. Although they are useful analogues to the Tsai‐type quasicrystals, the surfaces of these periodic approximants behave in subtly different and often more complex ways when compared to their quasiperiodic cousins. We present a summary of STM studies conducted upon Tsai‐type approximants; we discuss the various differences and similarities between phases and surface directions, and compare these to the surfaces of the related quasicrystalline phases. We also present open questions which have been raised by these studies, and offer potential routes to answer them.
摘要:我们回顾了扫描隧道显微镜(STM)对周期性蔡型近似物表面的研究。虽然它们是蔡氏型准晶体的有用类似物,但与准周期表兄弟相比,这些周期近似值的表面表现出微妙的不同,往往更复杂的方式。我们提出了在Tsai型近似上进行的STM研究的总结;我们讨论了相和表面方向之间的各种异同,并将其与相关准晶相的表面进行了比较。我们还提出了这些研究提出的开放性问题,并提供了回答这些问题的潜在途径。
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引用次数: 0
Quasicrystal Structure Prediction: A Review 准晶体结构预测研究进展
4区 化学 Q2 Chemistry Pub Date : 2023-10-16 DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202300122
Michael Widom, Marek Mihalkovič
Abstract Predicting quasicrystal structures is a multifaceted problem that can involve predicting a previously unknown phase, predicting the structure of an experimentally observed phase, or predicting the thermodynamic stability of a given structure. We survey the history and current state of these prediction efforts with a focus on methods that have improved our understanding of the structure and stability of known metallic quasicrystal phases. Advances in the structural modeling of quasicrystals, along with first principles total energy calculation and statistical mechanical methods that enable the calculation of quasicrystal thermodynamic stability, are illustrated by means of cited examples of recent work.
预测准晶体结构是一个多方面的问题,可以包括预测以前未知的相,预测实验观察到的相的结构,或预测给定结构的热力学稳定性。我们调查了这些预测工作的历史和现状,重点是提高了我们对已知金属准晶相的结构和稳定性的理解的方法。通过引用最近工作的例子,说明了准晶体结构建模的进展,以及能够计算准晶体热力学稳定性的第一原理总能量计算和统计力学方法。
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引用次数: 0
A Quantitative Sequencing Method for 5-Formylcytosine in RNA RNA 中 5-甲酰基胞嘧啶的定量测序方法
IF 3.2 4区 化学 Q2 Chemistry Pub Date : 2023-10-16 DOI: 10.1002/ijch.202300111
Ruitu Lyu, Kinga Pajdzik, Hui-Lung Sun, Linda Zhang, Li-Sheng Zhang, Tong Wu, Lei Yang, Tao Pan, Chuan He, Qing Dai

5-Formylcytosine (f5C) modification is present in human mitochondrial methionine tRNA (mt-tRNAMet) and cytosolic leucine tRNA (ct-tRNALeu), with their formation mediated by NSUN3 and ALKBH1. f5C has also been detected in yeast mRNA and human tRNA, but its transcriptome-wide distribution in mammals has not been studied. Here we report f5C-seq, a quantitative sequencing method to map f5C transcriptome-wide in HeLa and mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). We show that f5C in RNA can be reduced to dihydrouracil (DHU) by pic-borane, and DHU can be exclusively read as T during reverse transcription (RT) reaction, allowing the detection and quantification of f5C sites by a unique C-to-T mutation signature. We validated f5C-seq by identifying and quantifying the two known f5C sites in tRNA, in which the f5C modification fractions dropped significantly in ALKBH1-depleted cells. By applying f5C-seq to chromatin-associated RNA (caRNA), we identified several highly modified f5C sites in HeLa and mouse embryonic stem cells (mESC).

5-甲酰基胞嘧啶(f5C)修饰存在于人类线粒体蛋氨酸 tRNA(mt-tRNAMet)和细胞质亮氨酸 tRNA(ct-tRNALeu)中,其形成由 NSUN3 和 ALKBH1 介导。在此,我们报告了一种定量测序方法 f5C-seq 在 HeLa 和小鼠胚胎干细胞(mESCs)中的全转录组分布图。我们的研究表明,RNA 中的 f5C 可被皮硼烷还原成二氢尿嘧啶(DHU),而 DHU 在反转录(RT)反应中可被完全读作 T,从而可通过独特的 C 到 T 突变特征来检测和量化 f5C 位点。我们通过识别和量化 tRNA 中的两个已知 f5C 位点验证了 f5C-seq。通过将 f5C-seq 应用于染色质相关 RNA(caRNA),我们在 HeLa 和小鼠胚胎干细胞(mESC)中发现了几个高度修饰的 f5C 位点。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Israel Journal of Chemistry
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