E. Prasetyo, F. Setiawan, Widiyatno, M. Na’iem, Haruka Ohashi, Y. Tsumura, Ikutaro Tsuyama, T. Matsui
Indonesia, mainly Java, is home to the second largest area of Tectona grandis (teak) plantations globally; however, despite their importance, little is known about the impact of climate change on this tree species. Here, species distribution models were developed using estimated site index values of T. grandis on Java as the response variable, with seven bioclimatic variables and three soil characteristics as predictor variables. Three statistical approaches—generalized linear, general additive, and random forest models—were examined. Two global climate models with two representative concentration pathways (2.6 and 8.5) and time periods (the 2050s and 2070s) were also used to compare the effect of predicted future changes in the site index. Of the three models, random forest model showed the best fit, with precipitation as the important predictor of T. grandis growth followed by temperature. The model predicted that 12.6% of Java Island would experience an increase in climatic suitability, with northeast of Banten Province, northeast and northwest of Central Java Province, and northwest of East Java Province becoming the most suitable for T. grandis growth in both the 2050s and 2070s. These findings suggest that certain areas should be prioritized for the development of future T. grandis plantations on Java.
{"title":"Predicting Tectona grandis Suitability to Evaluate Potential Plantation Areas under Future Climate on Java, Indonesia","authors":"E. Prasetyo, F. Setiawan, Widiyatno, M. Na’iem, Haruka Ohashi, Y. Tsumura, Ikutaro Tsuyama, T. Matsui","doi":"10.6090/jarq.56.269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6090/jarq.56.269","url":null,"abstract":"Indonesia, mainly Java, is home to the second largest area of Tectona grandis (teak) plantations globally; however, despite their importance, little is known about the impact of climate change on this tree species. Here, species distribution models were developed using estimated site index values of T. grandis on Java as the response variable, with seven bioclimatic variables and three soil characteristics as predictor variables. Three statistical approaches—generalized linear, general additive, and random forest models—were examined. Two global climate models with two representative concentration pathways (2.6 and 8.5) and time periods (the 2050s and 2070s) were also used to compare the effect of predicted future changes in the site index. Of the three models, random forest model showed the best fit, with precipitation as the important predictor of T. grandis growth followed by temperature. The model predicted that 12.6% of Java Island would experience an increase in climatic suitability, with northeast of Banten Province, northeast and northwest of Central Java Province, and northwest of East Java Province becoming the most suitable for T. grandis growth in both the 2050s and 2070s. These findings suggest that certain areas should be prioritized for the development of future T. grandis plantations on Java.","PeriodicalId":14700,"journal":{"name":"Jarq-japan Agricultural Research Quarterly","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90332630","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We developed an arm-raising work assistance tool and evaluated its ability to mitigate the effects of the workload during grape cultivation. The tool comprises a hip belt, arm supports, and connectors linking them. This tool supports the arms when held at any height while keeping the wearer’s elbows pulled in. When performing berry thinning using the tool, the percent maximum voluntary contraction (%MVC) of the deltoid muscle was found to reduce by approximately 30%-80% without reducing the efficiency. Seven out of eight workers reported that using the tool made their work easier.
{"title":"Development of an Arm-raising Work Assistance Tool for Maintenance of Trellis-trained Fruit Trees","authors":"M. Ohnishi, Tomoko Fukai, T. Ota","doi":"10.6090/jarq.56.229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6090/jarq.56.229","url":null,"abstract":"We developed an arm-raising work assistance tool and evaluated its ability to mitigate the effects of the workload during grape cultivation. The tool comprises a hip belt, arm supports, and connectors linking them. This tool supports the arms when held at any height while keeping the wearer’s elbows pulled in. When performing berry thinning using the tool, the percent maximum voluntary contraction (%MVC) of the deltoid muscle was found to reduce by approximately 30%-80% without reducing the efficiency. Seven out of eight workers reported that using the tool made their work easier.","PeriodicalId":14700,"journal":{"name":"Jarq-japan Agricultural Research Quarterly","volume":"79 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74539357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Two recently developed models of radio-cesium (RCs) transfer from soil to rice grains that were parameterized and ready-to-use for paddy fields in Fukushima were reviewed to establish model-based countermeasures for food safety management in Fukushima. A probability density function model of the transfer factor from soil to rice grains based on soil exchangeable potassium (K) was compared with that of a rice grain RCs concentration model on the basis of the concentration of soil exchangeable RCs and soil exchangeable K. The relevance between these two models was demonstrated using soil exchangeable RCs as a quantitative index of the availability of soil RCs and observed data. The results indicate that the probability density of the transfer factor is affected by soil exchangeable RCs and that the use of a log-normal distribution in the model is justified by the observed distribution pattern of soil exchangeable RCs. This finding improves the accountability of the differences in the modeled probability densities for different regions and helps design countermeasures using the two models for different purposes, such as precautions for K fertilization or conservative risk assessment of shipping restrictions.
{"title":"Models for Assessment on the Uptake of Radio-cesium by Rice Using Soil Parameters Calibrated for Paddy Fields in Fukushima Prefecture","authors":"Y. Yagasaki","doi":"10.6090/jarq.56.219","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6090/jarq.56.219","url":null,"abstract":"Two recently developed models of radio-cesium (RCs) transfer from soil to rice grains that were parameterized and ready-to-use for paddy fields in Fukushima were reviewed to establish model-based countermeasures for food safety management in Fukushima. A probability density function model of the transfer factor from soil to rice grains based on soil exchangeable potassium (K) was compared with that of a rice grain RCs concentration model on the basis of the concentration of soil exchangeable RCs and soil exchangeable K. The relevance between these two models was demonstrated using soil exchangeable RCs as a quantitative index of the availability of soil RCs and observed data. The results indicate that the probability density of the transfer factor is affected by soil exchangeable RCs and that the use of a log-normal distribution in the model is justified by the observed distribution pattern of soil exchangeable RCs. This finding improves the accountability of the differences in the modeled probability densities for different regions and helps design countermeasures using the two models for different purposes, such as precautions for K fertilization or conservative risk assessment of shipping restrictions.","PeriodicalId":14700,"journal":{"name":"Jarq-japan Agricultural Research Quarterly","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79511027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Yamaguchi, Minoru Inoue, Y. Tanimoto, Narumi Sumida, Masao Adachi, K. Kimura, Y. Tomaru
Dissolved nutrients, especially inorganic nitrogen (N) and inorganic phosphorus (P), are typically deficient in the coastal surface waters of temperate regions during warm seasons. Even under the conditions of inorganic N and P deficiencies, the planktonic diatom Chaetoceros tenuissimus sometimes forms blooms. The present study characterized, at the mRNA transcript level, the gene expression patterns in N- or P-limited cultures of C. tenuissimus to propose the molecular markers of N- and P-deficient states of C . tenuissimus . Gene transcriptions of nitrate transporter and glutamine synthetase appeared to be upregulated in N-limited cultures. Phosphate transporter and alkaline phosphatase transcriptions appeared to be induced under P-limited conditions. These results suggest that C. tenuissimus under the N-deficient state expresses a transmembrane nitrate transporter, uptakes nitrate effectively, and assimilates the N source rapidly via glutamine synthesis; P-deficient C. tenuissimus possibly supplements P sources from organic P compounds via hydrolysis actions of phosphatases and uptakes phosphate effectively through phosphate transporters.
{"title":"Transcriptional Responses of the Marine Planktonic Diatom Chaetoceros tenuissimus to Nitrogen- and Phosphorus-deficient States","authors":"H. Yamaguchi, Minoru Inoue, Y. Tanimoto, Narumi Sumida, Masao Adachi, K. Kimura, Y. Tomaru","doi":"10.6090/jarq.56.295","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6090/jarq.56.295","url":null,"abstract":"Dissolved nutrients, especially inorganic nitrogen (N) and inorganic phosphorus (P), are typically deficient in the coastal surface waters of temperate regions during warm seasons. Even under the conditions of inorganic N and P deficiencies, the planktonic diatom Chaetoceros tenuissimus sometimes forms blooms. The present study characterized, at the mRNA transcript level, the gene expression patterns in N- or P-limited cultures of C. tenuissimus to propose the molecular markers of N- and P-deficient states of C . tenuissimus . Gene transcriptions of nitrate transporter and glutamine synthetase appeared to be upregulated in N-limited cultures. Phosphate transporter and alkaline phosphatase transcriptions appeared to be induced under P-limited conditions. These results suggest that C. tenuissimus under the N-deficient state expresses a transmembrane nitrate transporter, uptakes nitrate effectively, and assimilates the N source rapidly via glutamine synthesis; P-deficient C. tenuissimus possibly supplements P sources from organic P compounds via hydrolysis actions of phosphatases and uptakes phosphate effectively through phosphate transporters.","PeriodicalId":14700,"journal":{"name":"Jarq-japan Agricultural Research Quarterly","volume":"401 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76464823","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Tamura, Kanae Hoshi, Takahiro Saito, Yoshimasa Sasahara
The present study aimed to investigate the in vitro starch digestion of cooked rice grain with added vegetable oils. Polished rice grain (400 g) was cooked with 500 mL of ultrapure water only or with one of six types of vegetable oils (cocoa butter [CB], coconut oil, corn oil [CO], olive oil [OO], palm oil, and rapeseed oil [RO]), and then was frozen and stored. The frozen grain was reheated using a microwave and used for texture analysis, in vitro gastro-small intestinal digestion, and microstructure observation. The cooked grain with added CB had significantly higher resistant starch content (0.70% d.b.) than the control (0.19% d.b.). Although the surface firmness and overall adhesiveness of the cooked grain were not significantly different between the samples, the overall firmness of the grain cooked in RO was significantly lower than that of all others. Cooked grain with added RO (70.35%) indicated a significant reduction in starch hydrolysis compared with the cooked grain with added OO (95.04%) and CO (83.94%) at 210 min of in vitro digestion. However, no difference was observed in tissue structure of the digested cooked grain between the samples.
{"title":"In Vitro Starch Digestion of Cooked Rice Grain Following the Addition of Various Vegetable Oils","authors":"M. Tamura, Kanae Hoshi, Takahiro Saito, Yoshimasa Sasahara","doi":"10.6090/jarq.56.261","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6090/jarq.56.261","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aimed to investigate the in vitro starch digestion of cooked rice grain with added vegetable oils. Polished rice grain (400 g) was cooked with 500 mL of ultrapure water only or with one of six types of vegetable oils (cocoa butter [CB], coconut oil, corn oil [CO], olive oil [OO], palm oil, and rapeseed oil [RO]), and then was frozen and stored. The frozen grain was reheated using a microwave and used for texture analysis, in vitro gastro-small intestinal digestion, and microstructure observation. The cooked grain with added CB had significantly higher resistant starch content (0.70% d.b.) than the control (0.19% d.b.). Although the surface firmness and overall adhesiveness of the cooked grain were not significantly different between the samples, the overall firmness of the grain cooked in RO was significantly lower than that of all others. Cooked grain with added RO (70.35%) indicated a significant reduction in starch hydrolysis compared with the cooked grain with added OO (95.04%) and CO (83.94%) at 210 min of in vitro digestion. However, no difference was observed in tissue structure of the digested cooked grain between the samples.","PeriodicalId":14700,"journal":{"name":"Jarq-japan Agricultural Research Quarterly","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87266135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Nishida, Satoru N. Chiba, K. Sakuma, Ryouichi Higashi, Nobuaki Suzuki, M. Miyamoto, S. Yonezaki, Kouichi Hoshino, Kota Sawada
{"title":"Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction Method with Species-specific Primers for Differentiation of Two Closely Related Fish Species, Beryx splendens and B. mollis (Actinopterygii: Beryciformes)","authors":"K. Nishida, Satoru N. Chiba, K. Sakuma, Ryouichi Higashi, Nobuaki Suzuki, M. Miyamoto, S. Yonezaki, Kouichi Hoshino, Kota Sawada","doi":"10.6090/jarq.56.283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6090/jarq.56.283","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14700,"journal":{"name":"Jarq-japan Agricultural Research Quarterly","volume":"27 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72431889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Occurrence and Control of Citrus Greening (Huanglongbing) in Japan","authors":"T. Iwanami","doi":"10.6090/jarq.56.105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6090/jarq.56.105","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14700,"journal":{"name":"Jarq-japan Agricultural Research Quarterly","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76131338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gross N Mineralization Associated with Organic Matter Application to Inceptisols and Andisols of Hokkaido, Japan, and to Ultisols of Lop Buri, Thailand","authors":"R. Nira, P. Sangtong, T. Fujimoto","doi":"10.6090/jarq.56.129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6090/jarq.56.129","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14700,"journal":{"name":"Jarq-japan Agricultural Research Quarterly","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87155399","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
T. Shikata, Goh Onitsuka, H. Shono, M. Hirai, Daiki Inokuchi, K. Miyamura
{"title":"Meteorological Factors Influencing the Timing and Magnitude of Bloom by the Noxious Dinoflagellate Karenia mikimotoi in Two Bays of the Bungo Channel, Japan","authors":"T. Shikata, Goh Onitsuka, H. Shono, M. Hirai, Daiki Inokuchi, K. Miyamura","doi":"10.6090/jarq.56.189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6090/jarq.56.189","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14700,"journal":{"name":"Jarq-japan Agricultural Research Quarterly","volume":"75 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74423714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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