The blast of Italian ryegrass ( Lolium multiflorum ) and perennial ryegrass ( L. perenne ) is a serious disease, especially in the southwestern region of Japan, and it causes seedling blight and directly affects crop yield. Isolates of the pathogenic fungus were obtained from ryegrass of Miyakonojo (31°N), Kyushu to Osaki (38°N), Tohoku, Japan from 1999 to 2010, and 126 isolates were identified as Pyricularia oryzae based on the sequences of rDNA-ITS and the β-tubulin gene. The pathogen was inoculated into the seedlings of Italian ryegrass under different temperatures and showed the most rapid lesion enlargement at 31°C and more abundant sporulation from 22°C to 31°C within the tested range of 19°C and 34°C, which suggested that the pathogen favored medium–high temperatures. Italian ryegrass seeds were coated with fungicides, and this method was found to be effective in controlling the disease in the field. Orysastrobin, a permeable QoI fungicide, was more effective than benomyl or probenazole in suppressing disease occurrence. The effect was clear regardless of the Italian ryegrass cultivar used. Orysastrobin most suppressed lesion enlargement and sporulation in the seedling inoculation tests. Especially in warm and wet regions, the fungicide-coated seeds method is an effective technique for suppressing the disease.
{"title":"Blast Disease of Ryegrass in Japan: The Characteristics, Geographical Distribution, and Control by Fungicide-coated Seeds","authors":"T. Tsukiboshi","doi":"10.6090/jarq.56.313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6090/jarq.56.313","url":null,"abstract":"The blast of Italian ryegrass ( Lolium multiflorum ) and perennial ryegrass ( L. perenne ) is a serious disease, especially in the southwestern region of Japan, and it causes seedling blight and directly affects crop yield. Isolates of the pathogenic fungus were obtained from ryegrass of Miyakonojo (31°N), Kyushu to Osaki (38°N), Tohoku, Japan from 1999 to 2010, and 126 isolates were identified as Pyricularia oryzae based on the sequences of rDNA-ITS and the β-tubulin gene. The pathogen was inoculated into the seedlings of Italian ryegrass under different temperatures and showed the most rapid lesion enlargement at 31°C and more abundant sporulation from 22°C to 31°C within the tested range of 19°C and 34°C, which suggested that the pathogen favored medium–high temperatures. Italian ryegrass seeds were coated with fungicides, and this method was found to be effective in controlling the disease in the field. Orysastrobin, a permeable QoI fungicide, was more effective than benomyl or probenazole in suppressing disease occurrence. The effect was clear regardless of the Italian ryegrass cultivar used. Orysastrobin most suppressed lesion enlargement and sporulation in the seedling inoculation tests. Especially in warm and wet regions, the fungicide-coated seeds method is an effective technique for suppressing the disease.","PeriodicalId":14700,"journal":{"name":"Jarq-japan Agricultural Research Quarterly","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87600369","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
To minimize climate risks of agricultural price hikes during meteorological disasters, this study aims to demonstrate the feasibility of forecasting agricultural prices several months ahead and evaluates the reproducibility of annual price fluctuations. We use the crop yields forecasted by the crop model and apply the quasi-dynamic large-scale global computable general equilibrium (CGE) model with 88 countries/regions to evaluate as many countries as possible worldwide. From the simulation results, the model’s accuracy to trace actual crop price fluctuations, which was measured by the regional average correlation coefficient data during 1995-2015, ranged from 0.13 to 0.26 per crop, and almost 30% of targeted countries marked statistically significant traceability. Such accuracy was higher in the developed liberal countries. Regarding forecasting 3-6 months ahead of the harvest, in approximately 20% of the targeted countries, the CGE model can reproduce actual price fluctuations, and a 3-month extension of the forecast period reduces the reproducibility by 16.7% for the correlation coefficient on average of four crops. Thus, the reproducibility of the model was not high, but in countries with statistically significant reproducibility, forecasting price fluctuations several months ahead can be used to prepare for meteorological disasters.
{"title":"Reproducibility of Forecasting Agricultural Price Fluctuations Several Months Ahead of the Harvest Time","authors":"Y. Kunimitsu, T. Iizumi","doi":"10.6090/jarq.56.375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6090/jarq.56.375","url":null,"abstract":"To minimize climate risks of agricultural price hikes during meteorological disasters, this study aims to demonstrate the feasibility of forecasting agricultural prices several months ahead and evaluates the reproducibility of annual price fluctuations. We use the crop yields forecasted by the crop model and apply the quasi-dynamic large-scale global computable general equilibrium (CGE) model with 88 countries/regions to evaluate as many countries as possible worldwide. From the simulation results, the model’s accuracy to trace actual crop price fluctuations, which was measured by the regional average correlation coefficient data during 1995-2015, ranged from 0.13 to 0.26 per crop, and almost 30% of targeted countries marked statistically significant traceability. Such accuracy was higher in the developed liberal countries. Regarding forecasting 3-6 months ahead of the harvest, in approximately 20% of the targeted countries, the CGE model can reproduce actual price fluctuations, and a 3-month extension of the forecast period reduces the reproducibility by 16.7% for the correlation coefficient on average of four crops. Thus, the reproducibility of the model was not high, but in countries with statistically significant reproducibility, forecasting price fluctuations several months ahead can be used to prepare for meteorological disasters.","PeriodicalId":14700,"journal":{"name":"Jarq-japan Agricultural Research Quarterly","volume":"51 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84148581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
study on ‘Delaware’ grape. Abstract We predicted developmental changes (endodormancy breaking, budding, and full-flowering) in ‘Delaware’ grapes induced by climate change in Osaka Prefecture, Japan, to consider adaptation measures. Endodormancy breaking (the day when the accumulation of chilling hours below 7.2°C reached 600 h; DCH600), budding, and full-flowering dates were estimated using models based on air temperature. A projected air temperature dataset until 2100 with 1 km resolution for two emission scenarios of Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP2.6, low; RCP8.5, high) was applied to these models. DCH600 was delayed by 19 (RCP2.6) and 21 (RCP8.5) days in 2041/2042-2050/2051, whereas in 2091/2092-2099/2100, it was projected to be 21 (RCP2.6) and 48 (RCP8.5) days later than that in 1981/1982-1990/1991. Conversely, the budding date was earlier by 6 (RCP2.6) and 7 (RCP8.5) days in 2041-2050 than in 1981-1990. The full-flowering date was earlier by 9 (RCP2.6) and 12 (RCP8.5) days in 2041-2050 than in 1981-1990. Based on these prediction results, it may be possible to sustain ‘Delaware’ grape production until 2050 through advanced cultivation management. However, after 2050 under RCP8.5, delayed DCH600 and inadequate chilling are predicted, necessitating a change in cropping type or conversion to other fruit trees.
特拉华葡萄的研究。摘要本研究预测了气候变化对日本大阪府“Delaware”葡萄生长发育的影响(休眠破裂、出芽和开花)，以考虑采取适应措施。内休眠打破(7.2℃以下低温累积小时数达到600 h的一天;DCH600)、萌芽期和全花期使用基于气温的模型进行估算。代表性浓度路径(RCP2.6，低;RCP8.5，高)应用于这些模型。DCH600在2041/2042-2050/2051年被推迟了19 (RCP2.6)和21 (RCP8.5)天，而在2091/2092-2099/2100年，预计比1981/1982-1990/1991年推迟了21 (RCP2.6)和48 (RCP8.5)天。与1981 ~ 1990年相比，2041 ~ 2050年的出芽期分别提前了6 d (RCP2.6)和7 d (RCP8.5)。与1981 ~ 1990年相比，2041 ~ 2050年的花期分别提前了9天(RCP2.6)和12天(RCP8.5)。根据这些预测结果，通过先进的栽培管理，“特拉华”葡萄生产可能持续到2050年。然而，2050年后，在RCP8.5条件下，预测DCH600延迟和冷却不足，需要改变种植类型或转换为其他果树。
{"title":"Prediction of Developmental Changes due to Climate Change in ‘Delaware’ Grapes in Osaka, Japan, based on Simulated Data","authors":"Masahiro Kamimori, K. Hiramatsu","doi":"10.6090/jarq.56.389","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6090/jarq.56.389","url":null,"abstract":"study on ‘Delaware’ grape. Abstract We predicted developmental changes (endodormancy breaking, budding, and full-flowering) in ‘Delaware’ grapes induced by climate change in Osaka Prefecture, Japan, to consider adaptation measures. Endodormancy breaking (the day when the accumulation of chilling hours below 7.2°C reached 600 h; DCH600), budding, and full-flowering dates were estimated using models based on air temperature. A projected air temperature dataset until 2100 with 1 km resolution for two emission scenarios of Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP2.6, low; RCP8.5, high) was applied to these models. DCH600 was delayed by 19 (RCP2.6) and 21 (RCP8.5) days in 2041/2042-2050/2051, whereas in 2091/2092-2099/2100, it was projected to be 21 (RCP2.6) and 48 (RCP8.5) days later than that in 1981/1982-1990/1991. Conversely, the budding date was earlier by 6 (RCP2.6) and 7 (RCP8.5) days in 2041-2050 than in 1981-1990. The full-flowering date was earlier by 9 (RCP2.6) and 12 (RCP8.5) days in 2041-2050 than in 1981-1990. Based on these prediction results, it may be possible to sustain ‘Delaware’ grape production until 2050 through advanced cultivation management. However, after 2050 under RCP8.5, delayed DCH600 and inadequate chilling are predicted, necessitating a change in cropping type or conversion to other fruit trees.","PeriodicalId":14700,"journal":{"name":"Jarq-japan Agricultural Research Quarterly","volume":"36 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76462634","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aims to promote the effective use of nonedible biomass in SSF by (1) selecting the types and combinations of enzymes suitable for and of (2) conducting laboratory-scale SSF experiments using plant material, biomass-degrading and fermentation microorganisms to investigate and examine the conversion efficiencies using ethanol as an (3) investigating the feasibility and (4) evaluating the Abstract Previously, we have reported a novel bioethanol production system based on solid-state fermentation (SSF) and forage rice, which is used in a silage-making process. In this study, we evaluated the productivity of valuable materials via SSF using various plant materials other than forage rice. Italian ryegrass, sorghum, cassava, and other plant materials are also promising for SSF. Laboratory-scale SSF experiments using raw materials of Italian ryegrass yielded a maximum of 99 mg/g of dry matter of ethanol and other valuable materials (organic acids and soluble sugars). The conversion rates were almost the same as that of the forage rice. The nutritional value of the fermented products as livestock feed either improved or was similar to that of silage.
{"title":"Bioethanol Production from Various Plant Materials via Solid-state Fermentation","authors":"M. Horita, Takako Kiyoshi","doi":"10.6090/jarq.56.405","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6090/jarq.56.405","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to promote the effective use of nonedible biomass in SSF by (1) selecting the types and combinations of enzymes suitable for and of (2) conducting laboratory-scale SSF experiments using plant material, biomass-degrading and fermentation microorganisms to investigate and examine the conversion efficiencies using ethanol as an (3) investigating the feasibility and (4) evaluating the Abstract Previously, we have reported a novel bioethanol production system based on solid-state fermentation (SSF) and forage rice, which is used in a silage-making process. In this study, we evaluated the productivity of valuable materials via SSF using various plant materials other than forage rice. Italian ryegrass, sorghum, cassava, and other plant materials are also promising for SSF. Laboratory-scale SSF experiments using raw materials of Italian ryegrass yielded a maximum of 99 mg/g of dry matter of ethanol and other valuable materials (organic acids and soluble sugars). The conversion rates were almost the same as that of the forage rice. The nutritional value of the fermented products as livestock feed either improved or was similar to that of silage.","PeriodicalId":14700,"journal":{"name":"Jarq-japan Agricultural Research Quarterly","volume":"80 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75918396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Noviyanti, Yukie Hosotani, Y. Inatsu, S. Kawasaki
{"title":"Predicting the Growth Behavior of Foodborne Pathogenic Bacteria by Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction Method","authors":"F. Noviyanti, Yukie Hosotani, Y. Inatsu, S. Kawasaki","doi":"10.6090/jarq.56.321","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6090/jarq.56.321","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14700,"journal":{"name":"Jarq-japan Agricultural Research Quarterly","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73870153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Y. Kawashima, Hiroyasu Takahashi, K. Nobumoto, Y. Hanafusa, Tomoyuki Shibahara, O. Mikami, Y. Kiku, K. Kadota
Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis caused by Candida tropicalis was identified in a 43-day-old female piglet with lesions on body surfaces (face, abdomen, limbs, and hooves) and mucosal surfaces of the oral cavity and stomach (nonglandular region). Cytomegalovirus (CMV) inclusion bodies were observed in the epidermis, apocrine sweat gland, rostral plate eccrine gland, buccal gland, duodenal gland, and renal distal tubule. In addition, adenovirus-like inclusion bodies, Cryptosporidium and Brachyspira were detected in the intestine. The presence of these opportunistic pathogens on or in the skin and oral–gastrointestinal mucosa implies that the piglet had immunological defects, especially in mucocutaneous barriers. Thus, CMV may have facilitated the activity of C. tropicalis and may have contributed to the persistence of candidiasis.
{"title":"Coinfection with Candida tropicalis and Cytomegalovirus in a Piglet","authors":"Y. Kawashima, Hiroyasu Takahashi, K. Nobumoto, Y. Hanafusa, Tomoyuki Shibahara, O. Mikami, Y. Kiku, K. Kadota","doi":"10.6090/jarq.56.399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6090/jarq.56.399","url":null,"abstract":"Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis caused by Candida tropicalis was identified in a 43-day-old female piglet with lesions on body surfaces (face, abdomen, limbs, and hooves) and mucosal surfaces of the oral cavity and stomach (nonglandular region). Cytomegalovirus (CMV) inclusion bodies were observed in the epidermis, apocrine sweat gland, rostral plate eccrine gland, buccal gland, duodenal gland, and renal distal tubule. In addition, adenovirus-like inclusion bodies, Cryptosporidium and Brachyspira were detected in the intestine. The presence of these opportunistic pathogens on or in the skin and oral–gastrointestinal mucosa implies that the piglet had immunological defects, especially in mucocutaneous barriers. Thus, CMV may have facilitated the activity of C. tropicalis and may have contributed to the persistence of candidiasis.","PeriodicalId":14700,"journal":{"name":"Jarq-japan Agricultural Research Quarterly","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82172158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Khanh Cong Huynh, Kazunori Minamikawa, N. Nguyen, Chiem Huu Nguyen, Công Văn Nguyến
Biogas effluent (BE) is a potential source of fertilizer for rice. Alternate wetting and drying (AWD) irrigation based on surface water level can increase rice grain yield (GY), but its effect under BE application is still unclear. To test whether AWD can increase GY under BE application, we conducted a mesocosm experiment under screen-house conditions in Can Tho, Vietnam. We measured rice growth and yield under three nitrogen (N) treatments—zero-N (Z), synthetic fertilizer (SF), and BE—and two irrigation regimes—continuous flooding (CF) and AWD with a re-irrigation threshold of 15 cm below the soil surface. Chlorophyll content (SPAD) and leaf color chart (LCC) values were higher in SF than in BE, but plant height was comparable. Although GY was not significantly different between CF and AWD, AWD increased it by 12% in BE relative to CF. All N use efficiency (NUE) indices (apparent N recovery, agronomic NUE, and internal NUE) were comparable between AWD and CF in BE and SF. The results indicate that AWD irrigation is feasible under the application of cattle BE and the combination can improve rice GY.
{"title":"Effects of Cattle Biogas Effluent Application and Irrigation Regimes on Rice Growth and Yield: A Mesocosm Experiment","authors":"Khanh Cong Huynh, Kazunori Minamikawa, N. Nguyen, Chiem Huu Nguyen, Công Văn Nguyến","doi":"10.6090/jarq.56.341","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6090/jarq.56.341","url":null,"abstract":"Biogas effluent (BE) is a potential source of fertilizer for rice. Alternate wetting and drying (AWD) irrigation based on surface water level can increase rice grain yield (GY), but its effect under BE application is still unclear. To test whether AWD can increase GY under BE application, we conducted a mesocosm experiment under screen-house conditions in Can Tho, Vietnam. We measured rice growth and yield under three nitrogen (N) treatments—zero-N (Z), synthetic fertilizer (SF), and BE—and two irrigation regimes—continuous flooding (CF) and AWD with a re-irrigation threshold of 15 cm below the soil surface. Chlorophyll content (SPAD) and leaf color chart (LCC) values were higher in SF than in BE, but plant height was comparable. Although GY was not significantly different between CF and AWD, AWD increased it by 12% in BE relative to CF. All N use efficiency (NUE) indices (apparent N recovery, agronomic NUE, and internal NUE) were comparable between AWD and CF in BE and SF. The results indicate that AWD irrigation is feasible under the application of cattle BE and the combination can improve rice GY.","PeriodicalId":14700,"journal":{"name":"Jarq-japan Agricultural Research Quarterly","volume":"101 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79388582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aki Sagisaka, R. Murakami, Kenji Watanabe, Hiromitsu Tanaka
Sap-sucking insects, such as aphids, leafhoppers, thrips, and whiteflies, are vectors for > 70% of plant viruses. Presently, the development of insecticide resistance is causing a problem in agriculture worldwide as control of these insect vectors and of virus transmission is increasingly difficult. Insects lack an adaptive immune response system but use RNA interference (RNAi) functions as antiviral defense systems. Nevertheless, some viruses that infect insects encode proteins termed as viral suppressors of RNA silencing (VSR) proteins that can act against the RNAi systems. VSR proteins enable viruses to keep and increase in number in the body of the insects. The present study aimed to construct a VSR detection system for use in the detection of VSRs of viruses transmitted by insect vectors. The activities of VSR proteins were measured using a dual-luciferase reporter assay in S2 Drosophila cells. The analyses showed that HC-pro protein from Zucchini yellow mosaic virus had the highest level of activity among the tested VSR proteins. This methodological approach enables the detection of VSR proteins and measurement of VSR activities of insect viruses as well as plant viruses transmitted by insect vectors.
{"title":"Detection of Proteins with Viral Suppressor of RNA Interference Activities from Insect-transmitted Viruses Using Drosophila S2 Cells","authors":"Aki Sagisaka, R. Murakami, Kenji Watanabe, Hiromitsu Tanaka","doi":"10.6090/jarq.56.245","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6090/jarq.56.245","url":null,"abstract":"Sap-sucking insects, such as aphids, leafhoppers, thrips, and whiteflies, are vectors for > 70% of plant viruses. Presently, the development of insecticide resistance is causing a problem in agriculture worldwide as control of these insect vectors and of virus transmission is increasingly difficult. Insects lack an adaptive immune response system but use RNA interference (RNAi) functions as antiviral defense systems. Nevertheless, some viruses that infect insects encode proteins termed as viral suppressors of RNA silencing (VSR) proteins that can act against the RNAi systems. VSR proteins enable viruses to keep and increase in number in the body of the insects. The present study aimed to construct a VSR detection system for use in the detection of VSRs of viruses transmitted by insect vectors. The activities of VSR proteins were measured using a dual-luciferase reporter assay in S2 Drosophila cells. The analyses showed that HC-pro protein from Zucchini yellow mosaic virus had the highest level of activity among the tested VSR proteins. This methodological approach enables the detection of VSR proteins and measurement of VSR activities of insect viruses as well as plant viruses transmitted by insect vectors.","PeriodicalId":14700,"journal":{"name":"Jarq-japan Agricultural Research Quarterly","volume":"3495 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86646931","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In Japan, several protected horticultural farms depend on nonrenewable sources of energy, such as fossil fuels. However, widespread consumption of fossil fuels causes global warming, and fluctuations in fossil fuel prices may adversely affect farm management. Thus, new low-cost energy-saving techniques have been developed recently. For instance, a multilayered thermal curtain fabricated from nanofiber enhanced the thermal insulation of greenhouses, thereby reducing fossil fuel costs by approximately 35%-51%. Additionally, a local heating technique, which selectively heats areas surrounding the tomato shoot apexes and flower clusters using hanging warm air ducts, has been applied to reduce energy consumption in cherry tomato or tomato cultivation, reducing reduced fossil fuel costs by approximately 10% compared with the conventional method using ground-fixed warm air ducts. Furthermore, a low-cost multivariable environmental control system, “YoshiMax,” simultaneously controlled the ambient temperature and CO 2 concentration in a greenhouse along with the frequency of fertigation in response to solar radiation; this improved plant growth and reduced CO 2 and fertilization costs. These and other similar techniques are expected to enable sustainable agricultural management. To increase the efficiency of energy use, it is also effective to increase yield per energy input via high-density planting using a movable bench, etc.
{"title":"Trends in the Development of Energy-saving Techniques for Protected Horticulture in Japan","authors":"Ryosuke Yamanaka, H. Kawashima","doi":"10.6090/jarq.56.237","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6090/jarq.56.237","url":null,"abstract":"In Japan, several protected horticultural farms depend on nonrenewable sources of energy, such as fossil fuels. However, widespread consumption of fossil fuels causes global warming, and fluctuations in fossil fuel prices may adversely affect farm management. Thus, new low-cost energy-saving techniques have been developed recently. For instance, a multilayered thermal curtain fabricated from nanofiber enhanced the thermal insulation of greenhouses, thereby reducing fossil fuel costs by approximately 35%-51%. Additionally, a local heating technique, which selectively heats areas surrounding the tomato shoot apexes and flower clusters using hanging warm air ducts, has been applied to reduce energy consumption in cherry tomato or tomato cultivation, reducing reduced fossil fuel costs by approximately 10% compared with the conventional method using ground-fixed warm air ducts. Furthermore, a low-cost multivariable environmental control system, “YoshiMax,” simultaneously controlled the ambient temperature and CO 2 concentration in a greenhouse along with the frequency of fertigation in response to solar radiation; this improved plant growth and reduced CO 2 and fertilization costs. These and other similar techniques are expected to enable sustainable agricultural management. To increase the efficiency of energy use, it is also effective to increase yield per energy input via high-density planting using a movable bench, etc.","PeriodicalId":14700,"journal":{"name":"Jarq-japan Agricultural Research Quarterly","volume":"33 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81137285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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