Pub Date : 2023-03-02DOI: 10.1080/00218464.2023.2181699
Runa Okumura, K. Shimamoto, Y. Sekiguchi, Kazushi Kimura, Hirokazu Kageyama, Yutaro Yamamoto, Y. Matsuki, C. Sato
ABSTRACT The mechanical properties of polyurethane compounds were experimentally investigated by changing the composition of their components. Polyol components (polyoxypropylene glycol: PPG, polyoxytetramethylene glycol: PTMG, and polycarbonatediol: PCD) were mixed with monomeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate to synthesize polyurethane pre-polymer, mixed with chain extenders (1,4’-butanediol: 1,4’-BD or dimethylthiotoluene diamine: DMTDA), and cured, to prepare four types of polyurethane resins. Tensile tests were conducted using a mechanical testing machine with a strain rate of approximately 0.3 s−1 and a hydraulic high-speed tensile testing machine with a strain rate of approximately 500 s−1. The temperature was controlled to be −40°C, −10°C, or 25°C. When PTMG was used as the polyol, the stress-strain relationship was less sensitive to temperatures and loading rates, and the material properties exhibited a relatively good balance between elongation and strength. Additionally, the use of 1,4’-BD as a chain extender resulted in higher elongation and lower strength than the use of DMTDA. Conversely, the stress-strain relationship was dramatically altered by the test conditions when PPG and PCD were used as the polyol and embrittlement under a combination of low temperature and high strain rate was confirmed. Furthermore, there were certain compositional combinations that exhibit necking at low temperatures.
{"title":"Effects of low temperatures and high strain rates on the tensile properties of polyurethane polymers for adhesives","authors":"Runa Okumura, K. Shimamoto, Y. Sekiguchi, Kazushi Kimura, Hirokazu Kageyama, Yutaro Yamamoto, Y. Matsuki, C. Sato","doi":"10.1080/00218464.2023.2181699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00218464.2023.2181699","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The mechanical properties of polyurethane compounds were experimentally investigated by changing the composition of their components. Polyol components (polyoxypropylene glycol: PPG, polyoxytetramethylene glycol: PTMG, and polycarbonatediol: PCD) were mixed with monomeric methylene diphenyl diisocyanate to synthesize polyurethane pre-polymer, mixed with chain extenders (1,4’-butanediol: 1,4’-BD or dimethylthiotoluene diamine: DMTDA), and cured, to prepare four types of polyurethane resins. Tensile tests were conducted using a mechanical testing machine with a strain rate of approximately 0.3 s−1 and a hydraulic high-speed tensile testing machine with a strain rate of approximately 500 s−1. The temperature was controlled to be −40°C, −10°C, or 25°C. When PTMG was used as the polyol, the stress-strain relationship was less sensitive to temperatures and loading rates, and the material properties exhibited a relatively good balance between elongation and strength. Additionally, the use of 1,4’-BD as a chain extender resulted in higher elongation and lower strength than the use of DMTDA. Conversely, the stress-strain relationship was dramatically altered by the test conditions when PPG and PCD were used as the polyol and embrittlement under a combination of low temperature and high strain rate was confirmed. Furthermore, there were certain compositional combinations that exhibit necking at low temperatures.","PeriodicalId":14778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Adhesion","volume":"99 1","pages":"2238 - 2259"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43612017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-28DOI: 10.1080/00218464.2023.2184688
B. Watson, M. Worswick, D. Cronin
ABSTRACT Accurate representation of the traction–separation response for mixed mode loading in a cohesive zone model (CZM) is critical to predicting the response of adhesive joints in a number of applications, including transportation and vehicle crashworthiness. Traditionally, the Mode I and Mode II responses are treated independently, with mixed mode response determined by relationships between the degree of mode mixity and separation, potentially leading to overprediction of the plateau traction and underprediction of the plateau length in mixed mode loading. This poor fit is due to the indirect relationship between mixity and traction and having minimal fitting options for separation-to-plateau and softening. To address this limitation, a mixed mode CZM approach is proposed, based on measured mixed-mode traction–separation results for a toughened epoxy adhesive. The effects of bond-line thickness were considered, to examine the ability of the proposed approach to include additional effects (beyond mode mixity) that are known to affect the traction–separation response. The CZM implementation was assessed using the original test data and was shown to capture the measured experimental traction–separation response across a range of mixed mode loading and bond line thickness more accurately compared to traditional CZM treatments.
{"title":"A novel cohesive zone modelling approach to represent mixed mode loading and bond line thickness effects","authors":"B. Watson, M. Worswick, D. Cronin","doi":"10.1080/00218464.2023.2184688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00218464.2023.2184688","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Accurate representation of the traction–separation response for mixed mode loading in a cohesive zone model (CZM) is critical to predicting the response of adhesive joints in a number of applications, including transportation and vehicle crashworthiness. Traditionally, the Mode I and Mode II responses are treated independently, with mixed mode response determined by relationships between the degree of mode mixity and separation, potentially leading to overprediction of the plateau traction and underprediction of the plateau length in mixed mode loading. This poor fit is due to the indirect relationship between mixity and traction and having minimal fitting options for separation-to-plateau and softening. To address this limitation, a mixed mode CZM approach is proposed, based on measured mixed-mode traction–separation results for a toughened epoxy adhesive. The effects of bond-line thickness were considered, to examine the ability of the proposed approach to include additional effects (beyond mode mixity) that are known to affect the traction–separation response. The CZM implementation was assessed using the original test data and was shown to capture the measured experimental traction–separation response across a range of mixed mode loading and bond line thickness more accurately compared to traditional CZM treatments.","PeriodicalId":14778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Adhesion","volume":"99 1","pages":"2361 - 2380"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49115943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-28DOI: 10.1080/00218464.2023.2185515
Tianmao Lai, Yuen-Shin Chen, Y. Zhang
ABSTRACT The influence of relative humidity (RH) on adhesion force requires clarification. Adhesion forces between atomic force microscopy (AFM) silica cantilevers and highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) were measured to study the influence. The force behavior can evolve from RH-independent to RH-dependent with repeated contacts. Initially, the force is relatively small and RH-independent without a large water bridge. However, it becomes RH-dependent after some time at a high RH and never changes again. The RH-dependent force generally exhibits a stable-increasing-stable behavior with RH due to thin-film flow. With a continually increasing-stable-decreasing RH, the RH-dependent force can usually keep pace with RH, indicating that the adsorption and desorption of water molecules are sensitive to RH. However, the force behavior can show a certain lag and advance (including a sudden change). The reasons were manifold: (1) the water bridge can suddenly form and disappear, (2) the equilibrium time for a film-vapor interface is long at high RHs, and (3) the Laplace pressure can change with a constant volume. The RH-dependent force usually keeps pace with a suddenly changed RH, indicating the fast growth process of a water bridge at a high desired RH. The results may enhance the understanding of adhesion mechanisms.
{"title":"Evolution of adhesion force behavior at the silica-HOPG interface from humidity-independent to humidity-dependent revealed on an AFM","authors":"Tianmao Lai, Yuen-Shin Chen, Y. Zhang","doi":"10.1080/00218464.2023.2185515","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00218464.2023.2185515","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The influence of relative humidity (RH) on adhesion force requires clarification. Adhesion forces between atomic force microscopy (AFM) silica cantilevers and highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) were measured to study the influence. The force behavior can evolve from RH-independent to RH-dependent with repeated contacts. Initially, the force is relatively small and RH-independent without a large water bridge. However, it becomes RH-dependent after some time at a high RH and never changes again. The RH-dependent force generally exhibits a stable-increasing-stable behavior with RH due to thin-film flow. With a continually increasing-stable-decreasing RH, the RH-dependent force can usually keep pace with RH, indicating that the adsorption and desorption of water molecules are sensitive to RH. However, the force behavior can show a certain lag and advance (including a sudden change). The reasons were manifold: (1) the water bridge can suddenly form and disappear, (2) the equilibrium time for a film-vapor interface is long at high RHs, and (3) the Laplace pressure can change with a constant volume. The RH-dependent force usually keeps pace with a suddenly changed RH, indicating the fast growth process of a water bridge at a high desired RH. The results may enhance the understanding of adhesion mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":14778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Adhesion","volume":"99 1","pages":"2402 - 2433"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42145253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-26DOI: 10.1080/00218464.2023.2184264
J. Wirries, Till Vallée, Martin Rütters
ABSTRACT Prediction of residual stresses in adhesively bonded joints is a major topic among practitioners, as they significantly contribute to failure. The experimental determination of relevant material properties, like shrinkage, modulus development, and relaxation behavior, is considered highly complex. Viscoelastic and numerical models are often simplified to suit specific applications. However, most of them do not consider all relevant parameters or limited portions of the curing process. This publication addresses the lack of experimental methods to determine cure-dependent properties of reactive adhesives to use them as input for FE modelling to predict cure-induced stresses. The authors focus on extended rotational rheometry (ExRheo), to determine shrinkage, shear modulus, and relaxation in dependency of curing time for three adhesives. The relationship between change of viscoelastic properties, shrinkage, and curing degree is determined through DSC and kinetic modelling. The experimental results are modelled to be implemented in a numerical analysis in order to predict cure-induced stresses in constrained rheological experiment in ExRheo. Numerical results show very good agreement with the experiments, which validate the methodology. For the first time, shrinkage induced residual stresses are modelled ab initio over the curing process, without any assumptions, solely based upon direct experimental data using a single device.
{"title":"How to predict residual stresses of curing adhesives ab initio solely using extended rheometry","authors":"J. Wirries, Till Vallée, Martin Rütters","doi":"10.1080/00218464.2023.2184264","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00218464.2023.2184264","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Prediction of residual stresses in adhesively bonded joints is a major topic among practitioners, as they significantly contribute to failure. The experimental determination of relevant material properties, like shrinkage, modulus development, and relaxation behavior, is considered highly complex. Viscoelastic and numerical models are often simplified to suit specific applications. However, most of them do not consider all relevant parameters or limited portions of the curing process. This publication addresses the lack of experimental methods to determine cure-dependent properties of reactive adhesives to use them as input for FE modelling to predict cure-induced stresses. The authors focus on extended rotational rheometry (ExRheo), to determine shrinkage, shear modulus, and relaxation in dependency of curing time for three adhesives. The relationship between change of viscoelastic properties, shrinkage, and curing degree is determined through DSC and kinetic modelling. The experimental results are modelled to be implemented in a numerical analysis in order to predict cure-induced stresses in constrained rheological experiment in ExRheo. Numerical results show very good agreement with the experiments, which validate the methodology. For the first time, shrinkage induced residual stresses are modelled ab initio over the curing process, without any assumptions, solely based upon direct experimental data using a single device.","PeriodicalId":14778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Adhesion","volume":"99 1","pages":"2324 - 2360"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42673741","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-26DOI: 10.1080/00218464.2023.2183849
Eduardo Martins Gouveia Romão, Lara Robert Nahra, M. P. Oliveira, L. Guerrini
ABSTRACT The effect of different amounts of epoxy functional silane (EFS) as a crosslinking agent in the water-based acrylate adhesives was evaluated for the production of eucalyptus wood panels at different curing temperatures (120°C and 140°C). The thermal stability and dynamic analyses (loss and storage moduli) of the acrylate adhesives with EFS were evaluated. The addition of EFS in the acrylate adhesive increased the thermal degradation, storage, and loss moduli. The thermal degradation, bending test, specific mass, and morphology were evaluated in the wood panels. Significant increases in the storage modulus and bending strength of the wood panels with EFS and acrylate adhesive at 140°C were found. These results demonstrate a potential application of EFS in the production of wood panels aiming towards the manufacture of thicker composites.
{"title":"Influence of epoxy functional silane on the crosslinking process of eucalyptus wood panels using formaldehyde-free acrylate adhesives","authors":"Eduardo Martins Gouveia Romão, Lara Robert Nahra, M. P. Oliveira, L. Guerrini","doi":"10.1080/00218464.2023.2183849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00218464.2023.2183849","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The effect of different amounts of epoxy functional silane (EFS) as a crosslinking agent in the water-based acrylate adhesives was evaluated for the production of eucalyptus wood panels at different curing temperatures (120°C and 140°C). The thermal stability and dynamic analyses (loss and storage moduli) of the acrylate adhesives with EFS were evaluated. The addition of EFS in the acrylate adhesive increased the thermal degradation, storage, and loss moduli. The thermal degradation, bending test, specific mass, and morphology were evaluated in the wood panels. Significant increases in the storage modulus and bending strength of the wood panels with EFS and acrylate adhesive at 140°C were found. These results demonstrate a potential application of EFS in the production of wood panels aiming towards the manufacture of thicker composites.","PeriodicalId":14778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Adhesion","volume":"99 1","pages":"2261 - 2279"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49070996","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-24DOI: 10.1080/00218464.2023.2183851
Song Wang, Ziyang Xu, T. Stratford, Biao Li, Qingdian Zeng, Jun Su
ABSTRACT For bonded Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP) strengthening systems in civil engineering projects, the adhesive joint performance is a key factor in the effectiveness of the strengthening; however, it is known that the material properties of structural epoxy adhesives change with temperature. This present paper examines the implied relationship between the curing regimes and the storage modulus response of the adhesive using a Machine Learning (ML) approach. A dataset containing 157 experimental data collected from the scientific papers and academic theses was used for training and testing an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model. The sensitivity analysis reveals that the curing conditions have a significant effect on the glass transition temperatures (Tg ) of the adhesive, and consequently on the storage modulus response at elevated temperatures. Curing at an extremely high temperature for a long time does not, however, guarantee a better thermal performance. For the studied adhesive, curing in a warm (≥ 45°C) and dry (near 0 % RH) environment for 21 days is recommended for practical applications. A software with a Graphical User Interface (GUI) was established, which can predict the storage modulus response of the adhesive, plot the corresponding response curve, and estimate the optimum curing condition.
{"title":"Machine learning approach for analysing and predicting the modulus response of the structural epoxy adhesive at elevated temperatures","authors":"Song Wang, Ziyang Xu, T. Stratford, Biao Li, Qingdian Zeng, Jun Su","doi":"10.1080/00218464.2023.2183851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00218464.2023.2183851","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT For bonded Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP) strengthening systems in civil engineering projects, the adhesive joint performance is a key factor in the effectiveness of the strengthening; however, it is known that the material properties of structural epoxy adhesives change with temperature. This present paper examines the implied relationship between the curing regimes and the storage modulus response of the adhesive using a Machine Learning (ML) approach. A dataset containing 157 experimental data collected from the scientific papers and academic theses was used for training and testing an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) model. The sensitivity analysis reveals that the curing conditions have a significant effect on the glass transition temperatures (Tg ) of the adhesive, and consequently on the storage modulus response at elevated temperatures. Curing at an extremely high temperature for a long time does not, however, guarantee a better thermal performance. For the studied adhesive, curing in a warm (≥ 45°C) and dry (near 0 % RH) environment for 21 days is recommended for practical applications. A software with a Graphical User Interface (GUI) was established, which can predict the storage modulus response of the adhesive, plot the corresponding response curve, and estimate the optimum curing condition.","PeriodicalId":14778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Adhesion","volume":"99 1","pages":"2280 - 2298"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45937847","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-24DOI: 10.1080/00218464.2023.2178909
J. Damm, M. Albiez, T. Ummenhofer, Johannes Göddecke, G. Meschut, Fabian Kötz, A. Matzenmiller
{"title":"Experimental and numerical investigation of the damping properties of adhesively bonded tubular steel joints","authors":"J. Damm, M. Albiez, T. Ummenhofer, Johannes Göddecke, G. Meschut, Fabian Kötz, A. Matzenmiller","doi":"10.1080/00218464.2023.2178909","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00218464.2023.2178909","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Adhesion","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45263764","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-22DOI: 10.1080/00218464.2023.2181697
Melissa M. Gibbons, Stephen Mcneela, J. Kohl
ABSTRACT Low surface energy materials are used as foul-release coatings (FRCs) to reduce the forces required to remove biofouling. Previous experiments observed the release behavior of epoxy studs (pseudobarnacles) from silicone coatings with a thickness gradient. The studs were loaded transversely in thick-to-thin and thin-to-thick directions, and the final decohesion always proceeded from the thin to the thick side of the coating. However, trends in the critical transverse forces required for removal were not apparent. In this study, finite element models (FEMs) were created to determine the peak shear stress at the interface of an epoxy stud bonded to a silicone coating with a thickness gradient in response to a transverse load. The effects of the average coating thickness, the thickness gradient of the coating, and the transverse loading direction were determined. At a given average coating thickness, increasing the thickness gradient produced higher peak shear stresses at the interface, which would reduce the critical force required to remove the epoxy stud (i.e., would improve the performance of the FRC). The influence of the increased thickness gradient waned as the average coating thickness increased. Therefore, moderately thin coatings with large thickness gradients would be optimal for FRC performance under transverse loading.
{"title":"Assessing the effect of a thickness gradient on the shear stress profile at the epoxy/silicone interface of thin coatings subjected to transverse shear loads with finite element analyses","authors":"Melissa M. Gibbons, Stephen Mcneela, J. Kohl","doi":"10.1080/00218464.2023.2181697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00218464.2023.2181697","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Low surface energy materials are used as foul-release coatings (FRCs) to reduce the forces required to remove biofouling. Previous experiments observed the release behavior of epoxy studs (pseudobarnacles) from silicone coatings with a thickness gradient. The studs were loaded transversely in thick-to-thin and thin-to-thick directions, and the final decohesion always proceeded from the thin to the thick side of the coating. However, trends in the critical transverse forces required for removal were not apparent. In this study, finite element models (FEMs) were created to determine the peak shear stress at the interface of an epoxy stud bonded to a silicone coating with a thickness gradient in response to a transverse load. The effects of the average coating thickness, the thickness gradient of the coating, and the transverse loading direction were determined. At a given average coating thickness, increasing the thickness gradient produced higher peak shear stresses at the interface, which would reduce the critical force required to remove the epoxy stud (i.e., would improve the performance of the FRC). The influence of the increased thickness gradient waned as the average coating thickness increased. Therefore, moderately thin coatings with large thickness gradients would be optimal for FRC performance under transverse loading.","PeriodicalId":14778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Adhesion","volume":"99 1","pages":"2222 - 2237"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42262803","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-16DOI: 10.1080/00218464.2023.2178307
Haotian Liu, J. Weibel, E. Groll
ABSTRACT Adhesive joints are widely applied and studied for various industrial applications. The interest in adhesive joints has expanded to include heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and refrigeration (HVAC&R) systems having a significant number of joints employed for manufacturing. This study investigates an analytical modeling approach for predicting joint stress and strain distribution under static loading with thermal strain. A review of modeling techniques identified the need to develop a joint analytical model under loading conditions representative of HVAC&R applications. The details of the model, governing equations, assumptions, boundary conditions, and solution techniques are first reported. The model is validated via comparison to existing results before performing parametric studies to provide insights on the influences of thermal expansion and inner tube pressure on possible failure. It is found that the joint overlap length plays an important role in stress distribution, while the adhesive thickness has less impact. Overall, the results indicate that static loading failure is not likely a concern for joints in HVAC&R systems, but the thermal strain and stress induced by temperature fluctuations must be carefully considered. This modeling effort establishes a framework that can be used to generate criteria and instructions on designing adhesive joints across different HVAC&R
{"title":"Analytical prediction of stress and strain in adhesive tube-to-tube joints under thermal expansion/contraction","authors":"Haotian Liu, J. Weibel, E. Groll","doi":"10.1080/00218464.2023.2178307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00218464.2023.2178307","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Adhesive joints are widely applied and studied for various industrial applications. The interest in adhesive joints has expanded to include heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and refrigeration (HVAC&R) systems having a significant number of joints employed for manufacturing. This study investigates an analytical modeling approach for predicting joint stress and strain distribution under static loading with thermal strain. A review of modeling techniques identified the need to develop a joint analytical model under loading conditions representative of HVAC&R applications. The details of the model, governing equations, assumptions, boundary conditions, and solution techniques are first reported. The model is validated via comparison to existing results before performing parametric studies to provide insights on the influences of thermal expansion and inner tube pressure on possible failure. It is found that the joint overlap length plays an important role in stress distribution, while the adhesive thickness has less impact. Overall, the results indicate that static loading failure is not likely a concern for joints in HVAC&R systems, but the thermal strain and stress induced by temperature fluctuations must be carefully considered. This modeling effort establishes a framework that can be used to generate criteria and instructions on designing adhesive joints across different HVAC&R","PeriodicalId":14778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Adhesion","volume":"99 1","pages":"2167 - 2190"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43468013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-09DOI: 10.1080/00218464.2023.2176761
S. Pradeep, B. Kandasubramanian, S. Sidharth
ABSTRACT In recent years, there has been a surge in interest in the field of bio-based pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs) driven by the increase in stringent regulations and eminent concerns for sustainability. There have been continued efforts to find suitable alternatives for conventional petroleum-based PSA systems. With the gaining momentum in the field of green chemistry concepts and advancements in synthesis techniques, there have been various strategies to develop sustainable bio-based PSAs from various bio feedstocks like 1st generation sources like plant and animal oils, alcohols, 2nd generation sources like natural rubber, lignin and 3rd generation sources like biomass and organic waste. This work aims to review the recent progress in this developing field, reported in articles in the past decade.
{"title":"A review on recent trends in bio-based pressure sensitive adhesives","authors":"S. Pradeep, B. Kandasubramanian, S. Sidharth","doi":"10.1080/00218464.2023.2176761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00218464.2023.2176761","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In recent years, there has been a surge in interest in the field of bio-based pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs) driven by the increase in stringent regulations and eminent concerns for sustainability. There have been continued efforts to find suitable alternatives for conventional petroleum-based PSA systems. With the gaining momentum in the field of green chemistry concepts and advancements in synthesis techniques, there have been various strategies to develop sustainable bio-based PSAs from various bio feedstocks like 1st generation sources like plant and animal oils, alcohols, 2nd generation sources like natural rubber, lignin and 3rd generation sources like biomass and organic waste. This work aims to review the recent progress in this developing field, reported in articles in the past decade.","PeriodicalId":14778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Adhesion","volume":"99 1","pages":"2145 - 2166"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-02-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42296157","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：