Pub Date : 2023-11-12DOI: 10.1080/00218464.2023.2280782
Thomas Fkyerat, Romain Creac’Hcadec, Franck Le Poulain, Clément Guéret
ABSTRACTThis study aims to optimize and characterize hot pressed polyamide/steel hybrid joints as a potential solution for reducing energy costs in public transport through structural lightweighting. The mechanical performance of these joints is compared to traditional bonding methods, specifically investigating two types of joints: PA66/steel and PA12/steel. A design of experiments approach is employed to explore the influence of process parameters, with a particular focus on the cooling rate and heating temperature as key factors. By determining the optimal process parameters, the study emphasizes the importance of reaching the polymer pyrolysis point and achieving the fastest cooling rate to achieve optimal results. The findings reveal that these hybrid joints exhibit comparable average shear strength values to bonded joints, showcasing their potential as effective joining methods. In conclusion, future developments in hybrid polymer/metal joining processes utilizing thermal methods should prioritize rapid and uniform heating at the polymer/metal interface to initiate pyrolysis selectively at the polymer surface for bond formation. Subsequent rapid cooling is essential to cease pyrolysis and prevent polymer degradation within its volume. These insights are crucial for successful implementation of such processes in various industrial applications.KEYWORDS: Hybrid polymer/metal jointhot press weldingTAST test AcknowledgmentsThe authors are in debt to the machining operators of the Brest IUT for providing us the metal and thermoplastic specimen.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author (s).Additional informationFundingThis action benefited from the support of Région Bretagne (ARED) and Brest Métropole Océane.
{"title":"Heated press welding: analysis of the parameters influencing the mechanical strength of hybrid PA66/PA12 thermoplastic and S235 steel sheet joints","authors":"Thomas Fkyerat, Romain Creac’Hcadec, Franck Le Poulain, Clément Guéret","doi":"10.1080/00218464.2023.2280782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00218464.2023.2280782","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThis study aims to optimize and characterize hot pressed polyamide/steel hybrid joints as a potential solution for reducing energy costs in public transport through structural lightweighting. The mechanical performance of these joints is compared to traditional bonding methods, specifically investigating two types of joints: PA66/steel and PA12/steel. A design of experiments approach is employed to explore the influence of process parameters, with a particular focus on the cooling rate and heating temperature as key factors. By determining the optimal process parameters, the study emphasizes the importance of reaching the polymer pyrolysis point and achieving the fastest cooling rate to achieve optimal results. The findings reveal that these hybrid joints exhibit comparable average shear strength values to bonded joints, showcasing their potential as effective joining methods. In conclusion, future developments in hybrid polymer/metal joining processes utilizing thermal methods should prioritize rapid and uniform heating at the polymer/metal interface to initiate pyrolysis selectively at the polymer surface for bond formation. Subsequent rapid cooling is essential to cease pyrolysis and prevent polymer degradation within its volume. These insights are crucial for successful implementation of such processes in various industrial applications.KEYWORDS: Hybrid polymer/metal jointhot press weldingTAST test AcknowledgmentsThe authors are in debt to the machining operators of the Brest IUT for providing us the metal and thermoplastic specimen.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author (s).Additional informationFundingThis action benefited from the support of Région Bretagne (ARED) and Brest Métropole Océane.","PeriodicalId":14778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Adhesion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135037426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-10DOI: 10.1080/00218464.2023.2281594
Mateusz Koziol, Jakub Smoleń, Piotr Olesik, Bogusław Mendala, Tomasz Pawlik, Wiktoria Wilczyńska
ABSTRACTThis article discusses the effect of UV-C radiation on two types of cured polymer resins, epoxy and polyester, intended for use in disinfection chambers. The exposure of the samples to UV-C rays lasted 168 h. Our evaluation covered two aspects: the effect of UV-C rays on the flammability and flame retardancy of the resins, and the effect of UV-C rays on the adhesion of the resins to the steel substrate. It was found that the applied halogen and halogen-free organophosphate agents can be used for the tested resins under UV-C conditions (e.g. disinfection chambers), and no negative impact of UV-C radiation on the performance of these flame retardants was found. The use of the tested types of resins in the form of thin coatings on a steel substrate is feasible in disinfection chambers under UV-C radiation conditions, as the obtained results indicate that the radiation did not affect the adhesion of the coating. The visible effect of UV-C radiation on both the tested resins was discoloration, giving yellow and brown colors. Our results suggest that further studies, probably involving longer UV-C exposure, would be advisable.KEYWORDS: UV-C radiationfire retardancycoat adhesionunsaturated polyester resinepoxy resindisinfection chamber AcknowledgmentsThe study was financed by the Department of Materials Technology at the Silesian University of Technology, within the frame of the statutory research grant No. 11/030/BK_23/1127 (BK-220/RM3/2023). The authors want to thank Marta Gwiaździńska and Izabela Polańska for technical support during the testing procedures.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Author contributionsM.K.: Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing; J.S.: Data curation, Investigation, Visualization; P.O.: Data curation, Investigation; B.M.: Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing; T.P.: Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing; W.W.: Investigation, Methodology, VisualizationAdditional informationFundingAuthors confirm that there are no relevant financial or non-financial competing interests to report.
{"title":"Effect of exposure to UV-C rays on fire retardancy and adherence of curable polymer resins for application in disinfection chambers","authors":"Mateusz Koziol, Jakub Smoleń, Piotr Olesik, Bogusław Mendala, Tomasz Pawlik, Wiktoria Wilczyńska","doi":"10.1080/00218464.2023.2281594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00218464.2023.2281594","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThis article discusses the effect of UV-C radiation on two types of cured polymer resins, epoxy and polyester, intended for use in disinfection chambers. The exposure of the samples to UV-C rays lasted 168 h. Our evaluation covered two aspects: the effect of UV-C rays on the flammability and flame retardancy of the resins, and the effect of UV-C rays on the adhesion of the resins to the steel substrate. It was found that the applied halogen and halogen-free organophosphate agents can be used for the tested resins under UV-C conditions (e.g. disinfection chambers), and no negative impact of UV-C radiation on the performance of these flame retardants was found. The use of the tested types of resins in the form of thin coatings on a steel substrate is feasible in disinfection chambers under UV-C radiation conditions, as the obtained results indicate that the radiation did not affect the adhesion of the coating. The visible effect of UV-C radiation on both the tested resins was discoloration, giving yellow and brown colors. Our results suggest that further studies, probably involving longer UV-C exposure, would be advisable.KEYWORDS: UV-C radiationfire retardancycoat adhesionunsaturated polyester resinepoxy resindisinfection chamber AcknowledgmentsThe study was financed by the Department of Materials Technology at the Silesian University of Technology, within the frame of the statutory research grant No. 11/030/BK_23/1127 (BK-220/RM3/2023). The authors want to thank Marta Gwiaździńska and Izabela Polańska for technical support during the testing procedures.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Author contributionsM.K.: Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Supervision, Validation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing; J.S.: Data curation, Investigation, Visualization; P.O.: Data curation, Investigation; B.M.: Formal analysis, Funding acquisition, Methodology, Resources, Supervision, Writing – review & editing; T.P.: Formal analysis, Investigation, Methodology, Writing – review & editing; W.W.: Investigation, Methodology, VisualizationAdditional informationFundingAuthors confirm that there are no relevant financial or non-financial competing interests to report.","PeriodicalId":14778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Adhesion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135137282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
ABSTRACTThe aim of this paper is to investigate the adhesion of municipal solid waste incinerator bottom ash (MSWIBA) and limestone to asphalt using the principles of surface energy theory. MSWIBA asphalt mixes are known for their satisfactory water stability, with adhesion being a crucial factor, as demonstrated in previous freeze-thaw splitting tests. Contact angles of ground MSWIBA and limestone were measured using a capillary rise test, eliminating the influence of material surface structure. Subsequently, adhesion work and spalling work were calculated to correlate with water-induced damage. The results showed that the sequence of adhesion work was fine MSWIBA > limestone > coarse MSWIBA, while the sequence of spalling work was coarse MSWIBA > limestone > fine MSWIBA. The adhesion of MSWIBA asphalt mixes was evaluated using the water boiling test image method to validate the findings of surface energy theory. In both asphalt tests, the spalling rate followed this sequence: coarse MSWIBA > limestone > fine MSWIBA. The Adhesion index ER ranked as follows: ER Fine MSWIBA > ER limestone > ER coarse MSWIBA. These results suggest that the water stability of MSWIBA asphalt mixes is influenced by the surface energy of the components. Consequently, indices derived from surface energy theory can be applied in formulating and predicting the properties of MSWIBA asphalt mixes.KEYWORDS: Asphalt mixturemunicipal solid waste incinerator bottom ashsurface free energyadhesion workspalling work AcknowledgmentsThe research was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52008069) and Beijing Postdoctoral Research Foundation(2022-zz-054). The views in the paper only reflect those from the authors and may not necessarily reflect the views from the sponsors.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThe research was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52008069) and Beijing Postdoctoral Research Foundation (2022-zz-054). The views in the paper only reflect those from the authors and may not necessarily reflect the views from the sponsors.
{"title":"Adhesion property of municipal solid waste incinerator bottom ash and limestone with asphalt based on surface energy theory","authors":"Yongjie Ding, Wei Wei, Danni Li, Jiaojiao Wang, Yuxin Shi, Zijun Mei","doi":"10.1080/00218464.2023.2280657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00218464.2023.2280657","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThe aim of this paper is to investigate the adhesion of municipal solid waste incinerator bottom ash (MSWIBA) and limestone to asphalt using the principles of surface energy theory. MSWIBA asphalt mixes are known for their satisfactory water stability, with adhesion being a crucial factor, as demonstrated in previous freeze-thaw splitting tests. Contact angles of ground MSWIBA and limestone were measured using a capillary rise test, eliminating the influence of material surface structure. Subsequently, adhesion work and spalling work were calculated to correlate with water-induced damage. The results showed that the sequence of adhesion work was fine MSWIBA > limestone > coarse MSWIBA, while the sequence of spalling work was coarse MSWIBA > limestone > fine MSWIBA. The adhesion of MSWIBA asphalt mixes was evaluated using the water boiling test image method to validate the findings of surface energy theory. In both asphalt tests, the spalling rate followed this sequence: coarse MSWIBA > limestone > fine MSWIBA. The Adhesion index ER ranked as follows: ER Fine MSWIBA > ER limestone > ER coarse MSWIBA. These results suggest that the water stability of MSWIBA asphalt mixes is influenced by the surface energy of the components. Consequently, indices derived from surface energy theory can be applied in formulating and predicting the properties of MSWIBA asphalt mixes.KEYWORDS: Asphalt mixturemunicipal solid waste incinerator bottom ashsurface free energyadhesion workspalling work AcknowledgmentsThe research was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52008069) and Beijing Postdoctoral Research Foundation(2022-zz-054). The views in the paper only reflect those from the authors and may not necessarily reflect the views from the sponsors.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThe research was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52008069) and Beijing Postdoctoral Research Foundation (2022-zz-054). The views in the paper only reflect those from the authors and may not necessarily reflect the views from the sponsors.","PeriodicalId":14778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Adhesion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135390163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.1080/00218464.2023.2277299
Yangbao Ma, Tao Wang, Xiaohui Chang, Ao Liu, Xiaona Meng, Changhui Liu, Yanhua Zhang
ABSTRACTAt present, the use of isocyanate adhesives mostly requires the assistance of solvents, which can cause adverse environmental pollution and health effects. The aqueous isocyanate avoids the shortcomings of the solvent, but shortens the working life of the isocyanate. Isocyanate microcapsules can avoid these shortcomings, and can also solidify isocyanate to improve the efficiency of isocyanate use. In this study, microencapsulation technology was used to protect the highly reactive -NCO group, improve the stability of isocyanate, and prolong the working life of isocyanate in water-based wood adhesives. That is, isocyanate microcapsules with gum Arabic/gelatin as shell and isocyanate as core were prepared in oil-in-water emulsion by complex coacervation. In addition, the preparation process was optimized by changing the parameters. Then, the prepared isocyanate microcapsules were characterized and analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, Scanning electron microscope, Particle size analyzer, etc. Finally, plywood was prepared by using the prepared isocyanate microcapsules in the wood adhesive. The results showed that, the particle size of isocyanate microcapsules was controllable, and the content of active groups and core in the prepared isocyanate microcapsules can reach a high level. The isocyanate microcapsules extend the working life of isocyanates from about 30 mins to 5 hours, and significantly improve the stability of isocyanates. The bonding strength of the prepared plywood meets the requirements of (Class I plywood) with only 20% -NCO addition.KEYWORDS: Isocyanate microcapsulescomplex coacervationplywoodworking life AcknowledgmentThis work was supported by the Educational Commission of Henan Province of China (No. 23A430038) and the National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Plant Fiber Functional Materials (2022KFJJ12). Special thanks to the support of Doctoral Cultivation Fund Project of Henan University of Engineering (No. D2022003).Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Authorship contribution statementYangbao Ma, Changhui Liu and Yanhua Zhang conceived and designed the experiments; Yangbao Ma, Xiaohui Chang, Ao Liu, Xiaona Meng performed the experiments; Yangbao Ma, Changhui Liu, Tao Wang and Yanhua Zhang analyzed the data; Yangbao Ma contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools; Yangbao Ma and Changhui Liu wrote the paper. All authors read and approved the manuscripts.Additional informationFundingThe work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [32071692]; National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Plant Fiber Functional Materials [2022KFJJ12]; Educational Commission of Henan Province of China [23A430038].
{"title":"Preparation of isocyanate microcapsules by complex coacervation and its application in plywood","authors":"Yangbao Ma, Tao Wang, Xiaohui Chang, Ao Liu, Xiaona Meng, Changhui Liu, Yanhua Zhang","doi":"10.1080/00218464.2023.2277299","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00218464.2023.2277299","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTAt present, the use of isocyanate adhesives mostly requires the assistance of solvents, which can cause adverse environmental pollution and health effects. The aqueous isocyanate avoids the shortcomings of the solvent, but shortens the working life of the isocyanate. Isocyanate microcapsules can avoid these shortcomings, and can also solidify isocyanate to improve the efficiency of isocyanate use. In this study, microencapsulation technology was used to protect the highly reactive -NCO group, improve the stability of isocyanate, and prolong the working life of isocyanate in water-based wood adhesives. That is, isocyanate microcapsules with gum Arabic/gelatin as shell and isocyanate as core were prepared in oil-in-water emulsion by complex coacervation. In addition, the preparation process was optimized by changing the parameters. Then, the prepared isocyanate microcapsules were characterized and analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, Scanning electron microscope, Particle size analyzer, etc. Finally, plywood was prepared by using the prepared isocyanate microcapsules in the wood adhesive. The results showed that, the particle size of isocyanate microcapsules was controllable, and the content of active groups and core in the prepared isocyanate microcapsules can reach a high level. The isocyanate microcapsules extend the working life of isocyanates from about 30 mins to 5 hours, and significantly improve the stability of isocyanates. The bonding strength of the prepared plywood meets the requirements of (Class I plywood) with only 20% -NCO addition.KEYWORDS: Isocyanate microcapsulescomplex coacervationplywoodworking life AcknowledgmentThis work was supported by the Educational Commission of Henan Province of China (No. 23A430038) and the National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Plant Fiber Functional Materials (2022KFJJ12). Special thanks to the support of Doctoral Cultivation Fund Project of Henan University of Engineering (No. D2022003).Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Authorship contribution statementYangbao Ma, Changhui Liu and Yanhua Zhang conceived and designed the experiments; Yangbao Ma, Xiaohui Chang, Ao Liu, Xiaona Meng performed the experiments; Yangbao Ma, Changhui Liu, Tao Wang and Yanhua Zhang analyzed the data; Yangbao Ma contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools; Yangbao Ma and Changhui Liu wrote the paper. All authors read and approved the manuscripts.Additional informationFundingThe work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China [32071692]; National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Plant Fiber Functional Materials [2022KFJJ12]; Educational Commission of Henan Province of China [23A430038].","PeriodicalId":14778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Adhesion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135635119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.1080/00218464.2023.2276110
Henryk Szramowski, Marek Piotr Krzemiński
ABSTRACTThe test polypropylene substrates obtained from the original plastic car parts for Škoda Superb were subjected to 10 pre-treatment techniques: solvent cleaning (isopropanol, xylene), mechanical abrasion, immersion in a chromic acid mixture, flame activation, atmospheric and low-pressure plasma treatment, corona discharges and the application of two different primers (also called adhesion promoters). One of the primers, based on chlorinated polypropylene, was commercially available, while the other was prepared in our laboratory using polypropylene grafted with maleic anhydride. The test substrates were characterized using contact angle measurement for designation of surface free energy, Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) for roughness analysis, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) for surface topography, and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry (EDX) for surface oxygen and contamination analysis. The suitability of the surface preparation methods in the industry was evaluated through peel strength tests (adhesive bonding process) and cross-cut tests (painting process). Not all tested methods were effective in increasing adhesion, especially in the adhesive bonding process, and even fewer in the painting process. However, some of them were suitable for both applications. The use of primers was found to be crucial.KEYWORDS: Plasticspolypropyleneadhesionsurface pre-treatmentadhesion promotersprimers AcknowledgmentsThe authors thank: Łukasiewicz Research Network - Institute for Engineering of Polymer Materials and Dyes for conducting plasma and corona discharge trials; Maflow Plastics Poland for receiving polypropylene samples and adhesive tapes.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThis research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.
{"title":"Comparative analysis of primers and alternative polypropylene pre-treatment techniques","authors":"Henryk Szramowski, Marek Piotr Krzemiński","doi":"10.1080/00218464.2023.2276110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00218464.2023.2276110","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThe test polypropylene substrates obtained from the original plastic car parts for Škoda Superb were subjected to 10 pre-treatment techniques: solvent cleaning (isopropanol, xylene), mechanical abrasion, immersion in a chromic acid mixture, flame activation, atmospheric and low-pressure plasma treatment, corona discharges and the application of two different primers (also called adhesion promoters). One of the primers, based on chlorinated polypropylene, was commercially available, while the other was prepared in our laboratory using polypropylene grafted with maleic anhydride. The test substrates were characterized using contact angle measurement for designation of surface free energy, Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) for roughness analysis, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) for surface topography, and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry (EDX) for surface oxygen and contamination analysis. The suitability of the surface preparation methods in the industry was evaluated through peel strength tests (adhesive bonding process) and cross-cut tests (painting process). Not all tested methods were effective in increasing adhesion, especially in the adhesive bonding process, and even fewer in the painting process. However, some of them were suitable for both applications. The use of primers was found to be crucial.KEYWORDS: Plasticspolypropyleneadhesionsurface pre-treatmentadhesion promotersprimers AcknowledgmentsThe authors thank: Łukasiewicz Research Network - Institute for Engineering of Polymer Materials and Dyes for conducting plasma and corona discharge trials; Maflow Plastics Poland for receiving polypropylene samples and adhesive tapes.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThis research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.","PeriodicalId":14778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Adhesion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135635702","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.1080/00218464.2023.2277298
Shuangshuang Li, Jianping Lin, Junying Min
ABSTRACTLaser surface modification is employed to enhance the interfacial bonding performance of metal-adhesive structures, and chemical bonding plays a crucial role in achieving strong interfacial adhesion. Understanding the mechanism of interfacial chemical bonding between laser-treated metal surface and adhesive at the molecular/atomic scale is key to further optimizing the interfacial bonding performance. In this study, the morphology and chemical composition of laser-induced amorphous titanium oxide on titanium alloy surfaces, as well as its enhanced effect on interfacial bonding performance, were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and single lap-shear testing.Through X – ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis, experimental evidence is provided for the formation of Ti-O-C chemical bonds between the amorphous titanium oxide and adhesive. Transmission electron microscopy observations and molecular dynamics simulations reveal that the strong non-bonding intereactions between amorphous titanium oxide and adhesive enables the adhesive molecules to fully infiltrate the amorphous titanium oxide, providing more sites for chemical bond formation. Density functional theory calculations demonstrate that Ti-O-C chemical bonds tend to form between the dissociated hydroxyl group of the adhesive and titanium oxide, facilitated by a relatively low reaction barrier. This chemical bonding promote the formation of a strong bonding structure at the adhesive interface.KEYWORDS: Chemical bondinglaser ablationamorphous titanium oxideadhesive bondedmolecular simulation AcknowledgmentsThis work was supported by the International Exchange Program for Graduate Students, Tongji University (2023020021).The authors acknowledge the Adaptive Bonding Interface Behavior of Typical Automotive Sheet Metals with Coating project for providing financial support. Additionally, the authors extend their thanks to the School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University for providing Materials Studio software which was used to perform computational work presented in this paper.Disclosure statementThe authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.Author contributionsShuangshuang Li: Validation, Visualization, Writing-original draft; Jianping Lin: Supervision, Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing; Junying Min: Resources; Funding acquisition.Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by the International Exchange Program for Graduate Students [2023020021].
{"title":"Experimental investigation and molecular simulation on the chemical bonding between laser-treated titanium alloy amorphous surface and epoxy adhesive","authors":"Shuangshuang Li, Jianping Lin, Junying Min","doi":"10.1080/00218464.2023.2277298","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00218464.2023.2277298","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTLaser surface modification is employed to enhance the interfacial bonding performance of metal-adhesive structures, and chemical bonding plays a crucial role in achieving strong interfacial adhesion. Understanding the mechanism of interfacial chemical bonding between laser-treated metal surface and adhesive at the molecular/atomic scale is key to further optimizing the interfacial bonding performance. In this study, the morphology and chemical composition of laser-induced amorphous titanium oxide on titanium alloy surfaces, as well as its enhanced effect on interfacial bonding performance, were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, and single lap-shear testing.Through X – ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis, experimental evidence is provided for the formation of Ti-O-C chemical bonds between the amorphous titanium oxide and adhesive. Transmission electron microscopy observations and molecular dynamics simulations reveal that the strong non-bonding intereactions between amorphous titanium oxide and adhesive enables the adhesive molecules to fully infiltrate the amorphous titanium oxide, providing more sites for chemical bond formation. Density functional theory calculations demonstrate that Ti-O-C chemical bonds tend to form between the dissociated hydroxyl group of the adhesive and titanium oxide, facilitated by a relatively low reaction barrier. This chemical bonding promote the formation of a strong bonding structure at the adhesive interface.KEYWORDS: Chemical bondinglaser ablationamorphous titanium oxideadhesive bondedmolecular simulation AcknowledgmentsThis work was supported by the International Exchange Program for Graduate Students, Tongji University (2023020021).The authors acknowledge the Adaptive Bonding Interface Behavior of Typical Automotive Sheet Metals with Coating project for providing financial support. Additionally, the authors extend their thanks to the School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University for providing Materials Studio software which was used to perform computational work presented in this paper.Disclosure statementThe authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.Author contributionsShuangshuang Li: Validation, Visualization, Writing-original draft; Jianping Lin: Supervision, Conceptualization, Formal analysis, Writing – review & editing; Junying Min: Resources; Funding acquisition.Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by the International Exchange Program for Graduate Students [2023020021].","PeriodicalId":14778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Adhesion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135634958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-19DOI: 10.1080/00218464.2023.2270416
Jeanne Silvestre, Hélène de Baynast, Philippe Michaud, Cédric Delattre
ABSTRACTChitosan is a polysaccharide resulting from chitin deacetylation. It has demonstrated interesting characteristics in the field of adhesion but loses most of its adhesive resistance in moist environment. A chemical crosslinking of chitosan with genipin has been implemented to improve its adhesive properties in the presence of water. The study of crosslinking kinetics using rheology revealed its dependency on crosslinking rate and chitosan concentration. The capacity of the chitosan-genipin systems for water absorption has been quantified as their Free Swelling Capacity. The cross-linkage of chitosan by genipin (1% w/w) decreased significantly its ability for water absorption. Finally, the adhesive strength of several chitosans be they supplemented or not with genipin and/or glycerol used as plasticizer have been performed on Thick Adherent Shear Test samples of beech wood according to standard EN 204:2016 and EN 205:2016. The chitosan adhesive formulation containing genipin and glycerol exhibits the better adhesive properties on wood and presents higher water resistance compared to the native chitosan formulation.KEYWORDS: Adhesivechitosanwoodgenipincross-linkage Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.Data availability statementThe data presented in this study are available on request from the corresponding author.Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by the Région AuRA(France), Pack Ambition Recherche ChitoGlue project n°DRV_SIP_2020-043_Chitoglue.
{"title":"Optimization of chitosan adhesive properties by means of genipin crosslinking","authors":"Jeanne Silvestre, Hélène de Baynast, Philippe Michaud, Cédric Delattre","doi":"10.1080/00218464.2023.2270416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00218464.2023.2270416","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTChitosan is a polysaccharide resulting from chitin deacetylation. It has demonstrated interesting characteristics in the field of adhesion but loses most of its adhesive resistance in moist environment. A chemical crosslinking of chitosan with genipin has been implemented to improve its adhesive properties in the presence of water. The study of crosslinking kinetics using rheology revealed its dependency on crosslinking rate and chitosan concentration. The capacity of the chitosan-genipin systems for water absorption has been quantified as their Free Swelling Capacity. The cross-linkage of chitosan by genipin (1% w/w) decreased significantly its ability for water absorption. Finally, the adhesive strength of several chitosans be they supplemented or not with genipin and/or glycerol used as plasticizer have been performed on Thick Adherent Shear Test samples of beech wood according to standard EN 204:2016 and EN 205:2016. The chitosan adhesive formulation containing genipin and glycerol exhibits the better adhesive properties on wood and presents higher water resistance compared to the native chitosan formulation.KEYWORDS: Adhesivechitosanwoodgenipincross-linkage Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.Data availability statementThe data presented in this study are available on request from the corresponding author.Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by the Région AuRA(France), Pack Ambition Recherche ChitoGlue project n°DRV_SIP_2020-043_Chitoglue.","PeriodicalId":14778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Adhesion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135730395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-19DOI: 10.1080/00218464.2023.2271399
Chao Kang, Ming Ji, Yu Sekiguchi, Masanobu Naito, Chiaki Sato
The reliability of adhesive bond strength influences the applicability of structural adhesives in industries. The statistical probability distribution of the strength of adhesive joints is an essential indicator when designing and choosing adhesives. In this study, we experimentally studied the probability distribution of the strength of adhesive joints. The strength data were collected using a novel high-throughput technique consisting of a sample preparation method and shear testing device. Numerous cylindrical butt shear-joint specimens were prepared by mechanical machining and tested using a self-developed shear testing device. The effect of moisture absorption by the adhesive was specifically considered. The probability distribution of the shear strength of the epoxy adhesive joints was characterized using five probability distribution functions: Normal, Lognormal, Exponential, Weibull, and Gamma. Quantile – quantile plots were employed to determine the suitability of each distribution function. The results suggested that the Weibull and Normal distributions were best suited for describing the probability distribution of the strength of the epoxy adhesive joints. The Weibull distribution is particularly suitable for brittle epoxy adhesives. Moisture absorption reduced both the mean and variance of the shear strength, which might be attributed to the plasticization of the adhesives. The high-throughput method proposed in this study significantly improved the efficiency of testing adhesive joints. It not only contributes to the study of the strength distributions of adhesive joints but also helps to shorten the research and development cycle of new adhesives by facilitating rapid strength evaluation.
{"title":"A high-throughput technique to evaluate the probability distribution of strength of adhesively bonded joints after moisture absorption","authors":"Chao Kang, Ming Ji, Yu Sekiguchi, Masanobu Naito, Chiaki Sato","doi":"10.1080/00218464.2023.2271399","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00218464.2023.2271399","url":null,"abstract":"The reliability of adhesive bond strength influences the applicability of structural adhesives in industries. The statistical probability distribution of the strength of adhesive joints is an essential indicator when designing and choosing adhesives. In this study, we experimentally studied the probability distribution of the strength of adhesive joints. The strength data were collected using a novel high-throughput technique consisting of a sample preparation method and shear testing device. Numerous cylindrical butt shear-joint specimens were prepared by mechanical machining and tested using a self-developed shear testing device. The effect of moisture absorption by the adhesive was specifically considered. The probability distribution of the shear strength of the epoxy adhesive joints was characterized using five probability distribution functions: Normal, Lognormal, Exponential, Weibull, and Gamma. Quantile – quantile plots were employed to determine the suitability of each distribution function. The results suggested that the Weibull and Normal distributions were best suited for describing the probability distribution of the strength of the epoxy adhesive joints. The Weibull distribution is particularly suitable for brittle epoxy adhesives. Moisture absorption reduced both the mean and variance of the shear strength, which might be attributed to the plasticization of the adhesives. The high-throughput method proposed in this study significantly improved the efficiency of testing adhesive joints. It not only contributes to the study of the strength distributions of adhesive joints but also helps to shorten the research and development cycle of new adhesives by facilitating rapid strength evaluation.","PeriodicalId":14778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Adhesion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135778499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-18DOI: 10.1080/00218464.2023.2270431
Li-Cai Zhao, Sajjad Karimi, Liang Xu
ABSTRACTThe objective of this study is to investigate the impact of hygrothermal and thermal aging on adhesive bonding joints of similar and dissimilar specimens. The research focuses on the single lap joint (SLJ) configuration using Aluminum/Aluminum and CFRP/CFRP for similar bonding and Aluminum/CFRP for dissimilar bonding. Understanding the behavior of such joints over time and eventual failure can enhance their durability, reliability, and safety in structures. The study submerged SLJ specimens in tap water at a temperature of 53°C for 20 days to assess hygrothermal aging and kept another group of joints in an oven set at the same temperature for thermal aging. The research evaluated the strength of samples that underwent no aging, hygrothermal and thermal aging, tested through three-point bending tests. Various load levels were tested utilizing a recently designed fixture, including 70%, 60%, and 50% of the static load level. Results showed the highest joint strength in Aluminum/Aluminum SLJs and reduced strength following thermal and hygrothermal aging. The failure patterns and number of cycles leading to failure also varied with load percent and aging. Ultimately, the study aimed to evaluate and contrast the strength of samples that underwent different aging processes.KEYWORDS: Jointstatic and fatigue strengthhygrothermal and thermal conditionsbending load AcknowledgementThis research has been jointly supported by The China's Liaoning Province 'Xing Liao Talents Plan' Youth Top-notch Talent Funding Project under Grant No.XLYC2007146 and Science and Technology Research Plan of China Railway 19th Bureau Co.,Ltd under Grant No.2021-B03.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingChina’s Liaoning Province “Xing Liao Talents Plan” Youth Top-notch Talent Funding Project (No.XLYC2007146).
{"title":"An experimental investigation of static and fatigue behavior of various adhesive single lap joints under bending loads subjected to hygrothermal and thermal conditions","authors":"Li-Cai Zhao, Sajjad Karimi, Liang Xu","doi":"10.1080/00218464.2023.2270431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00218464.2023.2270431","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTThe objective of this study is to investigate the impact of hygrothermal and thermal aging on adhesive bonding joints of similar and dissimilar specimens. The research focuses on the single lap joint (SLJ) configuration using Aluminum/Aluminum and CFRP/CFRP for similar bonding and Aluminum/CFRP for dissimilar bonding. Understanding the behavior of such joints over time and eventual failure can enhance their durability, reliability, and safety in structures. The study submerged SLJ specimens in tap water at a temperature of 53°C for 20 days to assess hygrothermal aging and kept another group of joints in an oven set at the same temperature for thermal aging. The research evaluated the strength of samples that underwent no aging, hygrothermal and thermal aging, tested through three-point bending tests. Various load levels were tested utilizing a recently designed fixture, including 70%, 60%, and 50% of the static load level. Results showed the highest joint strength in Aluminum/Aluminum SLJs and reduced strength following thermal and hygrothermal aging. The failure patterns and number of cycles leading to failure also varied with load percent and aging. Ultimately, the study aimed to evaluate and contrast the strength of samples that underwent different aging processes.KEYWORDS: Jointstatic and fatigue strengthhygrothermal and thermal conditionsbending load AcknowledgementThis research has been jointly supported by The China's Liaoning Province 'Xing Liao Talents Plan' Youth Top-notch Talent Funding Project under Grant No.XLYC2007146 and Science and Technology Research Plan of China Railway 19th Bureau Co.,Ltd under Grant No.2021-B03.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingChina’s Liaoning Province “Xing Liao Talents Plan” Youth Top-notch Talent Funding Project (No.XLYC2007146).","PeriodicalId":14778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Adhesion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135883482","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-12DOI: 10.1080/00218464.2023.2268531
D. Laumann, D. Spiehl, E. Dörsam
ABSTRACTFused filament fabrication plays an increasingly important role in modern manufacturing. Despite this, issues like deformations caused by thermal shrinkage are still common. These process failures, called warping, can easily be avoided by ensuring sufficient adhesion of the printed part to the build surface during the manufacturing process. Nevertheless, only a few is known about the factors which have an impact on the adhesion between a part to be printed and the build surface. Although the content of moisture in the used polymer plays an important role in every established processing method, its influence on adhesion is still unknown for fused filament fabrication. This publication investigates the influence of moisture in the printing material for the examples of build surfaces made from Pertinax and borosilicate glass and printing materials such as polylactide acid, polyvinyl alcohol and polyamide. These printing materials were characterized by thermogravimetric analyses and differential scanning calorimetry. Following adhesion tests showed that the moisture content of the printing material can alter the adhesion between the printed part and the build surface up to 68%. It was also shown that there is an optimum moisture content at which maximum adhesion is reached.KEYWORDS: Additive manufacturingmaterial extrusionbuild surface adhesion AcknowledgmentsWe would like to thank the working group of Macromolecular and Paper Chemistry of Markus Biesalski and especially Sunna Möhle-Saul for access to DSC and TGA measurements and consultation regarding setup and interpretation.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action within the Central Innovation Programme for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) under Grant 16KN084521.
{"title":"Influence of printing material moisture on part adhesion in fused filament fabrication 3D printing","authors":"D. Laumann, D. Spiehl, E. Dörsam","doi":"10.1080/00218464.2023.2268531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00218464.2023.2268531","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACTFused filament fabrication plays an increasingly important role in modern manufacturing. Despite this, issues like deformations caused by thermal shrinkage are still common. These process failures, called warping, can easily be avoided by ensuring sufficient adhesion of the printed part to the build surface during the manufacturing process. Nevertheless, only a few is known about the factors which have an impact on the adhesion between a part to be printed and the build surface. Although the content of moisture in the used polymer plays an important role in every established processing method, its influence on adhesion is still unknown for fused filament fabrication. This publication investigates the influence of moisture in the printing material for the examples of build surfaces made from Pertinax and borosilicate glass and printing materials such as polylactide acid, polyvinyl alcohol and polyamide. These printing materials were characterized by thermogravimetric analyses and differential scanning calorimetry. Following adhesion tests showed that the moisture content of the printing material can alter the adhesion between the printed part and the build surface up to 68%. It was also shown that there is an optimum moisture content at which maximum adhesion is reached.KEYWORDS: Additive manufacturingmaterial extrusionbuild surface adhesion AcknowledgmentsWe would like to thank the working group of Macromolecular and Paper Chemistry of Markus Biesalski and especially Sunna Möhle-Saul for access to DSC and TGA measurements and consultation regarding setup and interpretation.Disclosure statementNo potential conflict of interest was reported by the author(s).Additional informationFundingThis work was supported by the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action within the Central Innovation Programme for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) under Grant 16KN084521.","PeriodicalId":14778,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Adhesion","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135969137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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