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In vivo screening of salinity tolerance in Giant Swamp Taro (Cyrtosperma merkusii) 巨型沼泽芋耐盐性的体内筛选
Pub Date : 2014-07-30 DOI: 10.1071/SP14005
Shiwangni Rao, Mary B. Taylor, A. Jokhan
Giant Swamp Taro (Cyrtosperma merkusii) is a staple food crop in the Pacific, especially in the low lying atoll islands such as Tuvalu and Kiribati. This is owing to its ability to survive under poor soil conditions and harsh environments. However, as a result of the effects of climate change such as sea water inundation and intrusion into the fresh ground water lens, this crop is now under threat. To address this issue an adaption approach was taken whereby, Cyrtosperma merkusii was screened in vivo for salt tolerance. The epistemology followed random selection of two cultivars Ikaraoi and Katutu. These two cultivars were subjected to 0% (0 parts per trillion), 0.5% (5 ppt), 1% (10 ppt), 1.5% (15 ppt) and 2% (20 ppt) of salt in Yates’s advance seedling common potting mix. Both cultivars were able to tolerate salinity levels up-to 5ppt which is significantly more than the salt tolerance in glycophytes of 2.83 ppt. This research provides an insight into the variation of salt tolerance that may exist in C.merkusii gene pool, which can be used to adapt to natural disasters and buffer its impacts.
巨型沼泽芋头(Cyrtosperma merkusii)是太平洋的主要粮食作物,特别是在低洼的环礁岛屿,如图瓦卢和基里巴斯。这是由于它能够在贫瘠的土壤条件和恶劣的环境中生存。然而,由于气候变化的影响,如海水泛滥和地下水的入侵,这种作物现在正受到威胁。为了解决这一问题,采用了一种适应方法,在体内筛选了狐精的耐盐性。认识论采用随机选择伊卡拉伊和卡图图两个品种。这两个品种分别在Yates预苗期普通盆栽混合料中添加0%(0万亿分之一)、0.5% (5 ppt)、1% (10 ppt)、1.5% (15 ppt)和2% (20 ppt)的盐。两个品种均能耐受高达5ppt的盐度,显著高于糖叶植物的2.83 ppt的耐盐性。本研究揭示了默库氏菌(C.merkusii)基因库中可能存在的耐盐性变异,为其适应自然灾害和缓冲灾害影响提供了依据。
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引用次数: 3
Fuzzy Energy Distribution to a Variable Consumer Load 可变用户负荷下的模糊能量分配
Pub Date : 2014-07-01 DOI: 10.1071/SP14006
A. Lal, Ravitesh Kumar, U. Mehta, G. Vachkov
The paper demonstrates the fuzzy logic based smart distributed system to utilize the available energy optimally. We study the power system with two distributed sources of renewable energy like wind and solar together with normal power grid supply. Through the suitable allotter of the generation ratio from power sources, the distribution generation system, combined with battery bank, can provide user with reliable and constant electric power. Therefore a smart energy distributor is useful to supply energy to consumers such that their demand is supplied optimally depending available energy and battery status. In this work, a new distributor system is tested with fuzzy logic theory to satisfy the load demand constantly at the same time to keep the charging state of the battery at a safe level. Simulation results are also presented to illustrate the potential benefits of the smart distributor by maximizing the usage of renewable energy and depending less on the supply grid.
本文论证了基于模糊逻辑的智能分布式系统对可用能源的优化利用。本文研究了风能和太阳能两种分布式可再生能源与正常电网供电的电力系统。配电发电系统通过合理分配各电源的发电比例,与蓄电池组相结合,为用户提供可靠、稳定的电力。因此,智能能源分配器可以根据可用能源和电池状态为消费者提供最佳的能源供应。本文采用模糊逻辑理论对一种新型配电系统进行了测试,在满足负荷需求的同时,使蓄电池的充电状态保持在安全水平。仿真结果说明了智能分配器通过最大限度地利用可再生能源和减少对电网的依赖所带来的潜在效益。
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引用次数: 0
Mai Veikau: A Call for Action, Not Wonder: A book review 麦维考:呼吁行动,而不是奇迹:一篇书评
Pub Date : 2012-02-01 DOI: 10.1071/sp12009
R. Thaman
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引用次数: 1
Some estimation procedures for the inverted exponential distribution 反指数分布的一些估计方法
Pub Date : 2009-12-15 DOI: 10.1071/SP09013
G. Prakash
The objective of the present paper is to study the properties of different types of estimators for the parameter of an inverted exponential model. Several distributional properties of the lower record values of the model are also discussed.
本文的目的是研究倒指数模型参数的不同类型估计量的性质。讨论了模型下记录值的几个分布性质。
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引用次数: 5
Assessing the potential of kava (Piper methysticum Forst) and wild kava (Piper aduncum L.) as organic amendments for managing root-knot nematodes 评价卡瓦(Piper methysticum forest)和野生卡瓦(Piper aduncum L.)作为管理根结线虫的有机添加剂的潜力
Pub Date : 2008-12-01 DOI: 10.1071/SP08005
Sunil Kumar Singh, U. Khurma
Kava (Piper methysticum Forst) and wild kava (Piper aduncum L.) were evaluated for their efficacy against root-knot nematodes. Plant materials were tested as soil additive in pot trials at 2% and 4% concentrations for 0, 1 and 2 week degradation periods. Effects on the root-knot nematode, M. incognita, and its host, tomato, were recorded. All the tested materials reduced the number of galls compared to the control. Generally, maximum gall suppression was achieved at higher concentration (4%) and with no degradation time. Gall suppression was directly related to concentrations of plant materials, but not with the degradation time after soil incorporation. Kava powder, kava peelings and kava kosa caused maximum gall suppression but were phytotoxic. Kava stem, kava leaf and wild kava leaf, on the other hand, resulted in lower gall suppression but enhanced plant growth. These plant species are good candidates for further trials as soil amendments.
对卡瓦(Piper methysticum forest)和野生卡瓦(Piper aduncum L.)防治根结线虫的效果进行了评价。盆栽试验中,植物材料分别以2%和4%的浓度作为土壤添加剂,降解期分别为0、1和2周。记录了对根结线虫(M. incognita)及其宿主番茄的影响。与对照组相比,所有测试材料都减少了胆囊的数量。一般来说,在更高的浓度(4%)和没有降解时间的情况下,可以达到最大的抑胆效果。其抑瘿作用与植物材料浓度直接相关,而与土壤掺入后的降解时间无关。卡瓦粉、卡瓦果皮和卡瓦豆对胆抑制作用最大,但对植物有毒性。另一方面,卡瓦茎、卡瓦叶和野生卡瓦叶对植物生长的抑制作用较低,但对植物生长有促进作用。这些植物是作为土壤改良剂进行进一步试验的良好候选者。
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引用次数: 1
Antibacterial potentiality and phytochemical analysis of mature leaves of Polyalthia longifolia (Magnoliales: Annonaceae) 长叶蓼成熟叶的抗菌潜能及植物化学分析(木兰科)
Pub Date : 2008-12-01 DOI: 10.1071/SP08011
A. Ghosh, B. Das, S. Chatterjee, G. Chandra
The present study evaluated the antibacterial potentiality of hot aqueous and methanol solvent extract of mature leaves of Polyalthia longifolia (Sonn.) Thwaites (Magnoliales: Annonaceae) against six reference bacteria viz. Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 2940, Bacillus subtilis MTCC 441, Escherichia coli MTCC 739, Klebsiella pneumoniae MTCC 530, Proteus vulgaris MTCC 426 and Enterobacter aerogenes MTCC 111. A sensitivity test performed with commercially available sensitivity test disks resulted in the appearance of multiple drug resistance phenotypes as all the tested bacteria are resistant to amoxycillin, cloxacillin, penicillin G and ampicillin. Most effective antibiotic against bacteria includes ofloxacin against S. aureus and K. pneumoniae; cephalexin against P. vulgaris; ciprofloxacin against E. coli and B. subtilis; kanamycin against E. aerogenes. When antibacterial potentiality of hot aqueous and methanol solvent extract of mature leaves of P. longifolia was evaluated against the bacteria, highest antibacterial activity was observed against K. pneumoniae in both the extracts followed by E. coli in hot aqueous extract and B. subtilis in methanol extract as evident from MIC values. Chromatographic analysis of the methanol extract of P. longifolia revealed the presence of steroids, alkaloids, biterpenoids, carbohydrates, amino acids, essential oil, phenolics and flavonoids as major phytochemicals.
研究了长叶蓼(Polyalthia longifolia, Sonn.)成熟叶热水提物和甲醇溶剂提物的抑菌潜力。对金黄色葡萄球菌MTCC 2940、枯草芽孢杆菌MTCC 441、大肠杆菌MTCC 739、肺炎克雷伯菌MTCC 530、普通变形杆菌MTCC 426和产气肠杆菌MTCC 111等6种参比菌进行抑菌试验。用市售的敏感性试验盘进行的敏感性试验结果显示出现多重耐药表型,因为所有被测细菌都对阿莫西林、氯西林、青霉素G和氨苄西林耐药。对细菌最有效的抗生素包括氧氟沙星对金黄色葡萄球菌和肺炎克雷伯菌;头孢氨苄抗寻常假单胞菌;环丙沙星抗大肠杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌;卡那霉素抗产气大肠杆菌。通过对长叶热浸提液和甲醇浸提液对病原菌的抑菌活性进行评价,发现两种浸提液对肺炎克雷伯菌的抑菌活性最高,其次是热浸提液对大肠杆菌的抑菌活性,甲醇浸提液对枯草芽孢杆菌的抑菌活性最高。甲醇提取物的色谱分析表明,其主要化学成分为甾体、生物碱、双萜、碳水化合物、氨基酸、精油、酚类物质和类黄酮。
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引用次数: 67
Effect of Integrated Nutrient Supply on Crop Productivity and Residual Nutrient Status under Pearlmillet-Wheat Cropping System in Semi arid Environment 半干旱环境下综合养分供应对珠麦种植系统作物生产力和剩余养分状况的影响
Pub Date : 2008-12-01 DOI: 10.1071/SP08008
Pawan Kumar, R. K. Nanwal, S. Yadav, V. Rana
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引用次数: 0
A Preliminary Identification of Cyanophyta/Cyanobacteria in the brackish milkfish ponds of Marakei, Nikunau and Kiritimati Atolls, Republic of Kiribati 基里巴斯共和国Marakei、Nikunau和Kiritimati环礁咸淡水遮目鱼池塘蓝藻/蓝藻的初步鉴定
Pub Date : 2008-12-01 DOI: 10.1071/SP08010
T. Tebano
Common cyanophyta/cyanobacteria from the milkfish ponds of Marakei, Nikunau and Kiritimati atolls are species of Lyngbya and Spirulina. Those found on Marakei and Nikunau only include Chroococcus minutus, and species of Microcystis, Oscillatoria and Spirulina. Chroococus minor and Chroococus sp. were identified from Marakei, Nikunau and Kiritimati, respectively. Phormidium muricola (associated with Microcystis aeruginosa) and Phormidium sp. are found on Marakei and Kiritimati, respectively. Those found on Marakei only include Anabaena, Coelosphaerium kuetzingianum (dominant), Microcystis aeruginosa (co-dominant) and Merismopedia. The taxa found on Nikunau only include Dactylococcopsis, Nodularia and Raphidiopsis. Those found on Kiritimati only include Chlorogloea (dominant) with codominants Aphanothece, Johannesbaptistia, Chroococcidiopsis, Dunaliella, Coccochloris and Leptolyngbya.
在Marakei, Nikunau和Kiritimati环礁的目鱼池塘中常见的蓝藻/蓝藻是菱藻和螺旋藻。在马拉凯岛和尼库瑙岛发现的只有分钟绒球菌、微囊藻、振荡藻和螺旋藻。在Marakei、Nikunau和Kiritimati分别鉴定到小绒球菌和绒球菌属。muricola和Phormidium属(与铜绿微囊藻有关)分别在Marakei和Kiritimati被发现。在Marakei上发现的仅有Anabaena、Coelosphaerium kuetzingianum(优势)、Microcystis aeruginosa(共优势)和Merismopedia。在尼库瑙发现的分类群仅包括Dactylococcopsis、noddularia和Raphidiopsis。在Kiritimati上发现的只有Chlorogloea(显性)和共显性的Aphanothece、Johannesbaptistia、Chroococcidiopsis、Dunaliella、Coccochloris和leptolybya。
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引用次数: 3
Time series aerial photographs to detect spatio-temporal changes in coastal areas of Fiji 用于探测斐济沿海地区时空变化的时间序列航空照片
Pub Date : 2008-12-01 DOI: 10.1071/SP08009
G. Gienko, J. Terry, Lanieta V. Tokalauvere
Time series of aerial photographs, which are reasonably widely available in the Pacific Island countries, provide a useful resource of geospatial data and can be used for the detection and quantitative assessment of spatio-temporal changes in the most dynamic coastal areas, which are often economically and culturally valuable, but also vulnerable to the effects of natural and anthropogenic stresses. Quantitative analysis, based on GIS and advanced image processing, is the most precise but time-consuming method. In many cases, visual detection and preliminary assessment of changes is a rational way to decide quickly whether more sophisticated techniques should be employed to map spatial changes in more detail. This paper elaborates on different techniques available for rapid change detection and analysis using time series of aerial photographs. The rationale and applicability of such methods are illustrated in a feasibility study that was implemented to detect changes since the mid-1960s in mangrove cover in the Korotogo area of the Coral Coast, on the southern coast of the main island of Fiji.
在太平洋岛屿国家相当广泛地可获得的航拍时间序列提供了一种有用的地理空间数据资源,可用于检测和定量评估最具活力的沿海地区的时空变化,这些地区往往具有经济和文化价值,但也容易受到自然和人为压力的影响。基于GIS和高级图像处理的定量分析是最精确但耗时的方法。在许多情况下,对变化进行视觉检测和初步评估是迅速决定是否应采用更复杂的技术更详细地绘制空间变化地图的合理方法。本文详细介绍了利用航空照片时间序列进行快速变化检测和分析的不同技术。这些方法的基本原理和适用性在一项可行性研究中得到说明,这项研究是为了探测自1960年代中期以来斐济主岛南部海岸珊瑚海岸科罗多哥地区红树林覆盖的变化而进行的。
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引用次数: 0
Assessing the extent of diversity among noni (Morinda citrifolia L.) genotypes of Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea 巴布亚新几内亚莫罗贝省诺丽(Morinda citrifolia L.)基因型多样性程度评估
Pub Date : 2008-12-01 DOI: 10.1071/SP08002
J. Waki, T. Okpul, M. Komolong
The extent of morphological variation among extant noni (Morinda citrifolia: Rubiaceae) genotypes was assessed using 58 polymorphic traits. A total of 39 mature noni trees were sampled from five sites within the vicinity of Lae, Morobe Province, Papua New Guinea. Cluster analysis identified five homogenous clusters, and was able to separate the three known botanical varieties namely, M. citrifolia var. citrifolia, M. citrifolia var. bracteata and M. citrifolia var. potteri as distinct morphotypes. Ordination of the data revealed traits such as young shoot pigmentation, stem diameter, angle of insertion of primary branch on main stem, stipule shape, heterostyly, occurrence of pistillate florets, fruit shape, occurrence of floral bracts, fruit width, and peduncle positioning at maturity as having greater contributions to the observed variation. Although the genetic nature of these traits is yet to be elucidated, occurrence of floral bract and fruit branching were observed to be transitional between the botanical varieties, and may shed light on their origins. The 58 descriptor states showed varying levels of polymorphism, however, the significant (P<0.01) correlations observed between numerous traits provide an element of caution in the development of a descriptor list, particularly when considering stability of the traits and the sample size. The results obtained in this study provided useful information for the standardisation of the developed descriptor list comprising of 49 polymorphic descriptor states, and for future diversity studies in noni.
利用58个多态性状对现有诺丽(Morinda citrifolia: Rubiaceae)基因型的形态变异程度进行了评价。在巴布亚新几内亚莫罗贝省莱附近的五个地点共取样了39棵成熟诺丽树。聚类分析鉴定出5个同质聚类,并能将已知的3个植物品种即citrifolia var. citrifolia var.苞叶型citrifolia var.苞叶型citrifolia var.苞叶型citrifolia var. potteri型citrifolia var.苞叶型citrifolia var.苞叶型citrifolia var.苞叶型和citrifolia var. potteri型区分开来。对这些数据进行排序发现,幼芽色素沉着、茎粗、一次枝在主茎上的插入角、托叶形状、花柱异质、雌蕊小花的出现、果实形状、花苞片的出现、果实宽度和成熟时花梗的定位等性状对观察到的变异有较大贡献。虽然这些性状的遗传性质尚未阐明,但观察到花苞片和果实分枝的发生在植物品种之间是过渡性的,并可能为它们的起源提供线索。58个描述符状态表现出不同程度的多态性,然而,在许多性状之间观察到的显著(P<0.01)相关性为描述符列表的开发提供了一个谨慎的元素,特别是在考虑性状的稳定性和样本量时。本研究结果为建立由49个多态性描述子状态组成的描述子列表的标准化提供了有益的信息,并为今后noni的多样性研究提供了参考。
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引用次数: 11
期刊
The South Pacific Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences
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