A number of extreme value analysis techniques are utilised to predict basic design gust wind speeds for Fiji, which lies in a tropical cyclone prone region. The study shows that a number of modern methods tend to highly under-predict extreme wind speeds in regions of Fiji severely affected by tropical cyclones, although their skills improve in less severely affected regions. The reference for comparison was Dorman’s method, which has been previously used as a guidance for development of Region D wind speeds in the Australian wind loading code – the AS1170.2-1989. In the case of Fiji, this study recommends the AS1170.2-1989 Region C provisions for Suva and the eastern coasts of the main island of Viti Levu only, and the AS1170.2-1989 Region D provisions elsewhere. This is significantly different to the provisions of the current National Building Code of Fiji (1990) which allow for the use of AS1170.2-1989 Region C provisions for all of Fiji. This difference is attributed to differences in the frequency and intensity of tropical cyclones visiting Fiji as compared with those for Australian Region C.
{"title":"Extreme value analysis of Fiji's wind records","authors":"S. Rattan, R. N. Sharma","doi":"10.1071/SP05001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/SP05001","url":null,"abstract":"A number of extreme value analysis techniques are utilised to predict basic design gust wind speeds for Fiji, which lies in a tropical cyclone prone region. The study shows that a number of modern methods tend to highly under-predict extreme wind speeds in regions of Fiji severely affected by tropical cyclones, although their skills improve in less severely affected regions. The reference for comparison was Dorman’s method, which has been previously used as a guidance for development of Region D wind speeds in the Australian wind loading code – the AS1170.2-1989. In the case of Fiji, this study recommends the AS1170.2-1989 Region C provisions for Suva and the eastern coasts of the main island of Viti Levu only, and the AS1170.2-1989 Region D provisions elsewhere. This is significantly different to the provisions of the current National Building Code of Fiji (1990) which allow for the use of AS1170.2-1989 Region C provisions for all of Fiji. This difference is attributed to differences in the frequency and intensity of tropical cyclones visiting Fiji as compared with those for Australian Region C.","PeriodicalId":148381,"journal":{"name":"The South Pacific Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134311920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ioan Viji N. Vutilolo, A. Tyagi, L. Thomson, M. Heads
This study reports a comparison of performance of four year-old whitewood (Endospermum medullosum L S Smith) provenances and families trials established by the Department of Forestry of Vanuatu and the South Pacific Regional Programme In Forest Genetic Resources project (SPRIG). Trees in the different open-pollinated, half-sibling families had mean heights ranging from 7.1 m to 10.2 m, dbh from 13.5 cm to 17.8 cm, wood volume from 0.07 to 0.14 m3 and survival from 54% to 91%. Seedlot GD11 from Shark Bay East Santo showed the superior mean height of 10.2 m followed by seedlot MT29 from Maewo and MS47 from Malel Central East Santo with 9.6 m. The shortest trees were in families JT35 (Forari, Efate) with 7.1 m, MT33 (Maewo) and JT30 (Forari, Efate) with 7.5 m. Trees in seedlots MS44 from Malel Central East Santo and MS32 from Palon East Santo had the biggest diameter increase(mean dbh of 17.8 cm) followed by seedlot GD11 Shark Bay East Santo and MS2 from Sara East Santo with 17.5 cm and MS55 from South East Santo with 17.4 cm. Seedlots with very low diameter increment were MT3 from Maewo and JT35 from Forari (mean dbh of 13.5 cm) followed by MT3 and MT4 from Central Pentecost with a mean dbh of 13.8 cm. Seedlots with superior wood volume production were MS2 from Sara East Santo (with mean of 0.15 m3 per tree) followed by seedlots MS32 Palon East Santo, GD11 Shark Bay East Santo, MS55 South East Santo with 0.14 m3 and MS3 Kole East Santo with 0.13 m3. The slowest growing seedlots were JT35 from Forari Efate and MT32 from Maewo with mean volume of 0.07 m3. Study reveals that there is a great potential among provenances and families for further improvement and to establish breeding programme to breed whitewood for higher quantity and better timber quality.
本研究报告了瓦努阿图林业部和南太平洋地区森林遗传资源项目(SPRIG)建立的4年生白木(Endospermum medullosum L S Smith)种源和家庭试验的性能比较。不同开放授粉同父异母兄弟科的平均树高为7.1 ~ 10.2 m，胸径为13.5 ~ 17.8 cm，材积为0.07 ~ 0.14 m3，成活率为54% ~ 91%。来自Shark Bay East Santo的GD11苗木平均高度最高，为10.2 m，其次是来自Maewo的MT29苗木和来自Malel Central East Santo的MS47苗木，平均高度为9.6 m。最短的是JT35科(Forari, Efate)的7.1 m，其次是MT33科(Maewo)和JT30科(Forari, Efate)的7.5 m。来自Malel Central East Santo的MS44和Palon East Santo的MS32苗区的树木直径增加最大(平均径高17.8 cm)，其次是来自Sara East Santo的GD11苗区和MS2苗区，分别增加了17.5 cm和17.4 cm。径增极低的苗区分别为Maewo的MT3和Forari的JT35(平均径增13.5 cm)，其次是Central Pentecost的MT3和MT4(平均径增13.8 cm)。木材产量较高的苗区是Sara East Santo的MS2(平均每棵树0.15 m3)，其次是Palon East Santo的MS32、Shark Bay East Santo的GD11、South East Santo的MS55和Kole East Santo的MS3(平均每棵树0.14 m3)。生长最慢的苗区是来自Forari Efate的JT35和来自Maewo的MT32，平均体积为0.07 m3。研究表明，各种源和科间有很大的潜力进行进一步改良，并建立育种计划，以培育数量更高、质量更好的白木。
{"title":"Comparison of performance of whitewood (Endospermum medullosum L. S. Smith) provenances and families in Vanuatu","authors":"Ioan Viji N. Vutilolo, A. Tyagi, L. Thomson, M. Heads","doi":"10.1071/SP05007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/SP05007","url":null,"abstract":"This study reports a comparison of performance of four year-old whitewood (Endospermum medullosum L S Smith) provenances and families trials established by the Department of Forestry of Vanuatu and the South Pacific Regional Programme In Forest Genetic Resources project (SPRIG). Trees in the different open-pollinated, half-sibling families had mean heights ranging from 7.1 m to 10.2 m, dbh from 13.5 cm to 17.8 cm, wood volume from 0.07 to 0.14 m3 and survival from 54% to 91%. Seedlot GD11 from Shark Bay East Santo showed the superior mean height of 10.2 m followed by seedlot MT29 from Maewo and MS47 from Malel Central East Santo with 9.6 m. The shortest trees were in families JT35 (Forari, Efate) with 7.1 m, MT33 (Maewo) and JT30 (Forari, Efate) with 7.5 m. Trees in seedlots MS44 from Malel Central East Santo and MS32 from Palon East Santo had the biggest diameter increase(mean dbh of 17.8 cm) followed by seedlot GD11 Shark Bay East Santo and MS2 from Sara East Santo with 17.5 cm and MS55 from South East Santo with 17.4 cm. Seedlots with very low diameter increment were MT3 from Maewo and JT35 from Forari (mean dbh of 13.5 cm) followed by MT3 and MT4 from Central Pentecost with a mean dbh of 13.8 cm. Seedlots with superior wood volume production were MS2 from Sara East Santo (with mean of 0.15 m3 per tree) followed by seedlots MS32 Palon East Santo, GD11 Shark Bay East Santo, MS55 South East Santo with 0.14 m3 and MS3 Kole East Santo with 0.13 m3. The slowest growing seedlots were JT35 from Forari Efate and MT32 from Maewo with mean volume of 0.07 m3. Study reveals that there is a great potential among provenances and families for further improvement and to establish breeding programme to breed whitewood for higher quantity and better timber quality.","PeriodicalId":148381,"journal":{"name":"The South Pacific Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134332675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An impermeable bearing with a secant shaped slider and a stationary stator was analysed mathematically by taking a ferrofluid lubricant whose flow followed the Jenkins flow behaviour. Expressions were obtained for various bearing characteristics. Computed values were displayed in graphical form. When the magnetization parameter was increased, load capacity of the bearing increased, coefficient of friction decreased, the position of the centre of pressure shifted towards the inlet of the bearing and the friction on the slider was unaltered. Contrary an increase in the material parameter caused decrease in load capacity, increase in friction and coefficient of friction and shift of the position of the centre of pressure towards the inlet.
{"title":"Ferrofluid based secant shaped slider bearing","authors":"M. Bhat, R. Shah","doi":"10.1071/SP04015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/SP04015","url":null,"abstract":"An impermeable bearing with a secant shaped slider and a stationary stator was analysed mathematically by taking a ferrofluid lubricant whose flow followed the Jenkins flow behaviour. Expressions were obtained for various bearing characteristics. Computed values were displayed in graphical form. When the magnetization parameter was increased, load capacity of the bearing increased, coefficient of friction decreased, the position of the centre of pressure shifted towards the inlet of the bearing and the friction on the slider was unaltered. Contrary an increase in the material parameter caused decrease in load capacity, increase in friction and coefficient of friction and shift of the position of the centre of pressure towards the inlet.","PeriodicalId":148381,"journal":{"name":"The South Pacific Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130833259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Clare Morrison, Alivereti Naikatini, Nunia T. Thomas, I Rounds, B. Thaman, Jone Niukula
A two day herpetofauna survey of Waisali Reserve was conducted between 4-6th March, 2004. The survey consisted of timed active diurnal surveys for lizards and nocturnal surveys for frogs. Seven herpetofauna species were found during the survey including four endemic species. The most significant find was the confirmation of a population of the endangered Fiji ground frog (Platymantis vitianus), a species previously thought to be extirpated from mainland Fiji due to the presence of mongoose. The other significant finding was that of Emoia mokosariniveikau, only the third location known for this species. Our survey results identify Waisali Reserve as an important site for herpetofauna conservation in Fiji and we propose several management actions to facilitate conservation of herpetofauna in this area.
{"title":"Importance of Waisali Reserve, Vanua Levu for herpetofauna conservation in Fiji","authors":"Clare Morrison, Alivereti Naikatini, Nunia T. Thomas, I Rounds, B. Thaman, Jone Niukula","doi":"10.1071/SP04013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/SP04013","url":null,"abstract":"A two day herpetofauna survey of Waisali Reserve was conducted between 4-6th March, 2004. The survey consisted of timed active diurnal surveys for lizards and nocturnal surveys for frogs. Seven herpetofauna species were found during the survey including four endemic species. The most significant find was the confirmation of a population of the endangered Fiji ground frog (Platymantis vitianus), a species previously thought to be extirpated from mainland Fiji due to the presence of mongoose. The other significant finding was that of Emoia mokosariniveikau, only the third location known for this species. Our survey results identify Waisali Reserve as an important site for herpetofauna conservation in Fiji and we propose several management actions to facilitate conservation of herpetofauna in this area.","PeriodicalId":148381,"journal":{"name":"The South Pacific Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132999722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A chemical analysis of the edible algae from the island of Beru in Kiribati revealed it contained relatively high concentrations of Mg2+ and Ca2+ ions. A fair amount of protein and other minerals such as Na+, K+, Cu2+, Mn2+, Zn2+ and Fe2+ ions are also present in it. The scientific identification revealed that the algae are made of a mixture of different species, which are not an entirely new species just discovered. In fact, the two major types of algae that were identified (Lyngbya perelegans and Chroococcus minutus) are known to exist in Hawaii, some areas in Europe and parts of South East Asia.
{"title":"Partial identification and nutritional analysis of Kiribati algae","authors":"M. Maata, T. Pickering, Sadaquat Ali, C. Bird","doi":"10.1071/SP04002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/SP04002","url":null,"abstract":"A chemical analysis of the edible algae from the island of Beru in Kiribati revealed it contained relatively high concentrations of Mg2+ and Ca2+ ions. A fair amount of protein and other minerals such as Na+, K+, Cu2+, Mn2+, Zn2+ and Fe2+ ions are also present in it. The scientific identification revealed that the algae are made of a mixture of different species, which are not an entirely new species just discovered. In fact, the two major types of algae that were identified (Lyngbya perelegans and Chroococcus minutus) are known to exist in Hawaii, some areas in Europe and parts of South East Asia.","PeriodicalId":148381,"journal":{"name":"The South Pacific Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121356607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Roselyn Kumar, P. Nunn, K. Katayama, H. Oda, Sepeti Matararaba, Tamara Osborne
Until this study, the earliest-known people to have occupied the islands of Fiji were those who inhabited Matanamuani on Naigani Island as much as 1000 BC. Excavations at the Naitabale (Naturuku) site in southern Moturiki Island in June-July 2002 found an older settlement. From the nature of the pottery recovered from Naitabale, it appears to predate the Matanamuani site. Radiocarbon dates on charcoal from within the pits excavated at Naitabale confirm the site’s age. The dates show that the site could have been occupied as much as 1220 BC. A human burial (named “Mana”) found within the older layers of Pit T1 at Naitabale is that of a female, about 1.60 m tall, of slender build. The first radiocarbon date shows that she lived at least 650 BC, probably close to 950 BC. Further tests will determine her other characteristics.
{"title":"The earliest-known humans in Fiji and their pottery: the first dates from the 2002 excavations at Naitabale (Naturuku), Moturiki Island","authors":"Roselyn Kumar, P. Nunn, K. Katayama, H. Oda, Sepeti Matararaba, Tamara Osborne","doi":"10.1071/SP04003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/SP04003","url":null,"abstract":"Until this study, the earliest-known people to have occupied the islands of Fiji were those who inhabited Matanamuani on Naigani Island as much as 1000 BC. Excavations at the Naitabale (Naturuku) site in southern Moturiki Island in June-July 2002 found an older settlement. From the nature of the pottery recovered from Naitabale, it appears to predate the Matanamuani site. Radiocarbon dates on charcoal from within the pits excavated at Naitabale confirm the site’s age. The dates show that the site could have been occupied as much as 1220 BC. A human burial (named “Mana”) found within the older layers of Pit T1 at Naitabale is that of a female, about 1.60 m tall, of slender build. The first radiocarbon date shows that she lived at least 650 BC, probably close to 950 BC. Further tests will determine her other characteristics.","PeriodicalId":148381,"journal":{"name":"The South Pacific Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121371502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper seeks to find a relationship between the El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variability and crop production. Precipitation and mean temperature were examined first to establish an ENSO relationship while primary sector macroeconomic and crops data were analyzed to note any significant variations in output linked to ENSO impacts of significant occurrence. Institutional strengthening and improved access to markets, both local and regional, and sector development programmes however have made this assessment difficult. Subsistence agriculture (and fisheries), said to the backbone and economic mainstay of Samoa’s primary sector, ideally the best source of ENSO impacts unfortunately remains the data poor sector.
{"title":"Samoa's 102 year meteorological record and a preliminary study on agricultural product and ENSO variability","authors":"D. Solofa, T. Aung","doi":"10.1071/SP04009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/SP04009","url":null,"abstract":"This paper seeks to find a relationship between the El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variability and crop production. Precipitation and mean temperature were examined first to establish an ENSO relationship while primary sector macroeconomic and crops data were analyzed to note any significant variations in output linked to ENSO impacts of significant occurrence. Institutional strengthening and improved access to markets, both local and regional, and sector development programmes however have made this assessment difficult. Subsistence agriculture (and fisheries), said to the backbone and economic mainstay of Samoa’s primary sector, ideally the best source of ENSO impacts unfortunately remains the data poor sector.","PeriodicalId":148381,"journal":{"name":"The South Pacific Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130804998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper presents the details of a parallel computing cluster built using existing computing resources at the University of the South Pacific. Benchmarking tests using the High Performance Linpack Benchmark were done in order to measure the gigaflops (billions of floating point operations per second) ratings for solving large systems of linear equations while varying the number of computers and Ethernet switches used. These tests provided an overall maximum gigaflops rating which allowed comparison of USP's cluster with leading edge clusters from around the world. Efficiency results also provided insight in how improving the existing network infrastructure might improve the performance of USP's cluster and increase its gigaflops rating. Further tests revealed that the number of Ethernet switches used in USP's current network layout is a definite contributor to the low efficiency of the system as a whole.
{"title":"Supercomputing in the South Pacific: performance of a parallel cluster using existing USP facilities","authors":"W. Blanke, Imtiyaz Hussein","doi":"10.1071/SP04016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/SP04016","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the details of a parallel computing cluster built using existing computing resources at the University of the South Pacific. Benchmarking tests using the High Performance Linpack Benchmark were done in order to measure the gigaflops (billions of floating point operations per second) ratings for solving large systems of linear equations while varying the number of computers and Ethernet switches used. These tests provided an overall maximum gigaflops rating which allowed comparison of USP's cluster with leading edge clusters from around the world. Efficiency results also provided insight in how improving the existing network infrastructure might improve the performance of USP's cluster and increase its gigaflops rating. Further tests revealed that the number of Ethernet switches used in USP's current network layout is a definite contributor to the low efficiency of the system as a whole.","PeriodicalId":148381,"journal":{"name":"The South Pacific Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences","volume":"217 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123029136","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
DNA analysis of 15 kava cultivars with 20 primer pairs showed no observable difference in the fingerprint pattern. This indicates that while the Fijian kava cultivars have morphological differences, genetically they are very similar. Similar results have been obtained with Hawaiian kava cultivars. This result indicates that when studying diseases such as the dieback disease in kava, a focus on environmental factors may be needed as controlling factors of the diseases.
{"title":"Genetic fingerprinting of Fijian kava","authors":"A. Jokhan, P. McLenachan","doi":"10.1071/SP04008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/SP04008","url":null,"abstract":"DNA analysis of 15 kava cultivars with 20 primer pairs showed no observable difference in the fingerprint pattern. This indicates that while the Fijian kava cultivars have morphological differences, genetically they are very similar. Similar results have been obtained with Hawaiian kava cultivars. This result indicates that when studying diseases such as the dieback disease in kava, a focus on environmental factors may be needed as controlling factors of the diseases.","PeriodicalId":148381,"journal":{"name":"The South Pacific Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114846519","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chitosan hydrogels were prepared by crosslinking chitosan with glutaraldehyde. The swelling behaviour of the crosslinked and uncross-linked hydrogels was measured by swelling the gels in media of different pH and at different temperatures. The swelling behavior was observed to be dependent on pH, temperature and the degree of crosslinking. The gel films were characterized by Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The glass transition temperature (Tg) and the amount of free water in the hydrogels decreased with increasing crosslinking in the hydrogels.
{"title":"Swelling properties of chitosan hydrogels","authors":"D. Rohindra, Ashveen Nand, J. R. Khurma","doi":"10.1071/SP04005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/SP04005","url":null,"abstract":"Chitosan hydrogels were prepared by crosslinking chitosan with glutaraldehyde. The swelling behaviour of the crosslinked and uncross-linked hydrogels was measured by swelling the gels in media of different pH and at different temperatures. The swelling behavior was observed to be dependent on pH, temperature and the degree of crosslinking. The gel films were characterized by Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The glass transition temperature (Tg) and the amount of free water in the hydrogels decreased with increasing crosslinking in the hydrogels.","PeriodicalId":148381,"journal":{"name":"The South Pacific Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128215705","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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