K. Koshy, M. Maata, A. Samad, Gopal Sami, J. Tabudravu
Projects studying the effect of column ozone levels on UV-B radiation reaching the surface of the Earth as part of a wider global observation of vertical profiling were initiated by NASA/NOAA in the 1990s. A comparison of the changes in UV-B radiation as a function of ozone concentration revealed a negative correlation. We have shown for the first time in Fiji that a similar trend exists but with more scatter. Previous studies at this site (USP) have shown that the atmospheric concentration of aerosols varies seasonally and this may have a bearing on the scatter of the results.
{"title":"The effect of varying ozone concentration on surface UV-B radiation: a Fiji perspective","authors":"K. Koshy, M. Maata, A. Samad, Gopal Sami, J. Tabudravu","doi":"10.1071/SP06004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/SP06004","url":null,"abstract":"Projects studying the effect of column ozone levels on UV-B radiation reaching the surface of the Earth as part of a wider global observation of vertical profiling were initiated by NASA/NOAA in the 1990s. A comparison of the changes in UV-B radiation as a function of ozone concentration revealed a negative correlation. We have shown for the first time in Fiji that a similar trend exists but with more scatter. Previous studies at this site (USP) have shown that the atmospheric concentration of aerosols varies seasonally and this may have a bearing on the scatter of the results.","PeriodicalId":148381,"journal":{"name":"The South Pacific Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126049017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Terry, Priya Kisun, Aminiasi Qareqare, Jyotishma Rajan
Yanuca Channel is a narrow marine lagoon separating a low limestone island in Cuvu Bay from the south west Viti Levu mainland in Fiji, known as the “Coral Coast”. Historical air photographs show significant changes in the drainage configuration of the lagoon and local Fijian landowners give accounts of degrading environmental conditions in the lagoon due to sediment infilling. This investigation found several processes were responsible for the aggradation. Large quantities of terrigenous sediments are discharged by streamwaters into the lagoon, as a consequence of the removal of estuarine mangroves and agricultural practices such as burning and grazing in adjacent catchments. A previous outlet into the bay became blocked in the 1980s after inappropriate sand mining and vegetation clearance caused accelerated coastal erosion. The altered lagoon drainage pattern has led to lagoon eutrophication and aggradation. Developed on the island is a large international resort complex; the resort causeway constructed across the lagoon to the island has a significant dam effect, impeding the flow of currents and preventing the periodic scouring of sand from the lagoon floor. Several modern and traditional management options have recently been implemented to improve lagoon conditions, through partnerships between NGOs, traditional landowners and the resort management. These include riparian reforestation and the establishment of marine protected areas to conserve coral reefs.
{"title":"Lagoon degradation and management in Yanuca channel on the Coral Coast of Fiji","authors":"J. Terry, Priya Kisun, Aminiasi Qareqare, Jyotishma Rajan","doi":"10.1071/SP06001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/SP06001","url":null,"abstract":"Yanuca Channel is a narrow marine lagoon separating a low limestone island in Cuvu Bay from the south west Viti Levu mainland in Fiji, known as the “Coral Coast”. Historical air photographs show significant changes in the drainage configuration of the lagoon and local Fijian landowners give accounts of degrading environmental conditions in the lagoon due to sediment infilling. This investigation found several processes were responsible for the aggradation. Large quantities of terrigenous sediments are discharged by streamwaters into the lagoon, as a consequence of the removal of estuarine mangroves and agricultural practices such as burning and grazing in adjacent catchments. A previous outlet into the bay became blocked in the 1980s after inappropriate sand mining and vegetation clearance caused accelerated coastal erosion. The altered lagoon drainage pattern has led to lagoon eutrophication and aggradation. Developed on the island is a large international resort complex; the resort causeway constructed across the lagoon to the island has a significant dam effect, impeding the flow of currents and preventing the periodic scouring of sand from the lagoon floor. Several modern and traditional management options have recently been implemented to improve lagoon conditions, through partnerships between NGOs, traditional landowners and the resort management. These include riparian reforestation and the establishment of marine protected areas to conserve coral reefs.","PeriodicalId":148381,"journal":{"name":"The South Pacific Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122435625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper addresses the need to establish a fast, effective and reliable method for collecting fish and seafood consumption data at the village level. Two different approaches, a community participatory and a classical survey one were tested and validated against each other. Using fully structured questionnaire surveys also reliability of results obtained from household and individual interviews were compared. Furthermore, taking fresh fish consumption as an example, three different methods were assessed to approximate best per capita consumption. Approaches and methods are validated in terms of time and human resource requirements, and data quality by comparing data sets obtained in Polynesian and Melanesian communities. Adding efficiency criteria, adoption of household average consumption surveys is concluded to best combine reliable data and least time and financial requirements. Per capita fresh fish consumption was found to best estimated using a simplified WHO system that takes into account gender-age correction factors.
{"title":"Surveying seafood consumption - a methodological analysis","authors":"M. Kronen, B. McArdle, P. Labrosse","doi":"10.1071/SP06002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/SP06002","url":null,"abstract":"This paper addresses the need to establish a fast, effective and reliable method for collecting fish and seafood consumption data at the village level. Two different approaches, a community participatory and a classical survey one were tested and validated against each other. Using fully structured questionnaire surveys also reliability of results obtained from household and individual interviews were compared. Furthermore, taking fresh fish consumption as an example, three different methods were assessed to approximate best per capita consumption. Approaches and methods are validated in terms of time and human resource requirements, and data quality by comparing data sets obtained in Polynesian and Melanesian communities. Adding efficiency criteria, adoption of household average consumption surveys is concluded to best combine reliable data and least time and financial requirements. Per capita fresh fish consumption was found to best estimated using a simplified WHO system that takes into account gender-age correction factors.","PeriodicalId":148381,"journal":{"name":"The South Pacific Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132502080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Barometric pressure and sea level data sets from the South Pacific Sea Level and Climate Monitoring Project funded by AusAID were analysed for twelve Tropical Pacific island countries. During mid-1997 and 1998 pressure anomalies over the Pacific region were strongly positive and sea level dropped significantly. As a consequence, sea level trends in the Pacific region suddenly changed from positive to negative. It was believed that the delayed effect of the 1997 strong El Nino episode was directly linked to these positive pressure anomalies. The same observations were made in 2002 and 2003 during another El Nino episode which was however not as strong as the previous one. The La Nina episode which followed the 1997-98 El Nino in 1999 had opposite effects. The pressure anomalies were negative and the sea level anomalies were positive. While the thermal effect due to global warming is still the cause of sea level rise in the Pacific region, it is clearly evident that the barometric pressure effect on sea level is more abrupt and it can overshadow the other effects at least temporarily.
{"title":"Effect of barometric pressure on sea level variations in the Pacific region","authors":"Awnesh Singh, T. Aung","doi":"10.1071/SP05002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/SP05002","url":null,"abstract":"Barometric pressure and sea level data sets from the South Pacific Sea Level and Climate Monitoring Project funded by AusAID were analysed for twelve Tropical Pacific island countries. During mid-1997 and 1998 pressure anomalies over the Pacific region were strongly positive and sea level dropped significantly. As a consequence, sea level trends in the Pacific region suddenly changed from positive to negative. It was believed that the delayed effect of the 1997 strong El Nino episode was directly linked to these positive pressure anomalies. The same observations were made in 2002 and 2003 during another El Nino episode which was however not as strong as the previous one. The La Nina episode which followed the 1997-98 El Nino in 1999 had opposite effects. The pressure anomalies were negative and the sea level anomalies were positive. While the thermal effect due to global warming is still the cause of sea level rise in the Pacific region, it is clearly evident that the barometric pressure effect on sea level is more abrupt and it can overshadow the other effects at least temporarily.","PeriodicalId":148381,"journal":{"name":"The South Pacific Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114691559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Crude extracts of kava (Piper methysticum G. Forster, Piperaceae) showed good activity against ovarian tumour and leukaemia cancer cell lines. Bioassay-guided isolation resulted in the isolation of six known kava lactones and two flavokavains. The structure of the compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic techniques and by comparison with data in the literature.
卡瓦(Piper methysticum G. Forster，胡椒科)粗提物对卵巢癌和白血病癌细胞具有良好的抗肿瘤活性。生物测定引导分离得到6种已知的卡瓦内酯和2种黄烷素。化合物的结构通过光谱技术和与文献数据的比较得到了证实。
{"title":"Anticancer activities of constituents of kava (Piper methysticum)","authors":"J. Tabudravu, M. Jaspars","doi":"10.1071/SP05005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/SP05005","url":null,"abstract":"Crude extracts of kava (Piper methysticum G. Forster, Piperaceae) showed good activity against ovarian tumour and leukaemia cancer cell lines. Bioassay-guided isolation resulted in the isolation of six known kava lactones and two flavokavains. The structure of the compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic techniques and by comparison with data in the literature.","PeriodicalId":148381,"journal":{"name":"The South Pacific Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128039414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The species composition of algal assemblages inside territories of the damselfish Stegastes nigricans was examined from Nananu-i-ra Island, Fiji and Rarotonga, Cook Islands. A total of 32 algal species were identified, the majority of them Rhodophytes (24 species). Seven species were unique to Rarotonga, six were unique to Fiji, with the remaining 19 species recorded at both locations. The biodiversity of territories was similar at both locations. The red alga, Herposiphonia secunda, was the most abundant species found, comprising 40.33% ± 3.51SE and 33.94% ± 3.58SE from Rarotonga and Fiji respectively. Gelidiopsis intricata, Polysiphonia sp., Aglaothamnion cordatum, and various Cyanophytes were also abundant at both locations. As a group, filamentous algae accounted for 70.35% of the algae found within the territories at all sites. We suggest that if S. nigricans are actively weeding their territories, they are selecting filamentous algae, and particularly Herposiphonia sp. and Polysiphonia sp.
{"title":"Algal community composition within territories of the damselfish Stegastes nigricans (Pomacentridae, Labroidei) in Fiji and the Cook Islands","authors":"Lindsey W. Zemke-White, E. Beatson","doi":"10.1071/SP05008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/SP05008","url":null,"abstract":"The species composition of algal assemblages inside territories of the damselfish Stegastes nigricans was examined from Nananu-i-ra Island, Fiji and Rarotonga, Cook Islands. A total of 32 algal species were identified, the majority of them Rhodophytes (24 species). Seven species were unique to Rarotonga, six were unique to Fiji, with the remaining 19 species recorded at both locations. The biodiversity of territories was similar at both locations. The red alga, Herposiphonia secunda, was the most abundant species found, comprising 40.33% ± 3.51SE and 33.94% ± 3.58SE from Rarotonga and Fiji respectively. Gelidiopsis intricata, Polysiphonia sp., Aglaothamnion cordatum, and various Cyanophytes were also abundant at both locations. As a group, filamentous algae accounted for 70.35% of the algae found within the territories at all sites. We suggest that if S. nigricans are actively weeding their territories, they are selecting filamentous algae, and particularly Herposiphonia sp. and Polysiphonia sp.","PeriodicalId":148381,"journal":{"name":"The South Pacific Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133892822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
P. Nunn, Conway Pene, Sepeti Matararaba, Roselyn Kumar, Preetika Singh, Ilaisa Dredregasa, Marion Gwilliam, Tony Heorake, Ledua T. Kuilanisautabu, Elia Nakoro, Lawrence R. Narayan, M. Pastorizo, Stephine Robinson, Petero M. Saunivalu, Faye R. Tamani
Geoarchaeological investigations of limestone caves along the Rove Peninsula, where several Lapita-era (1150-750 BC) sites dating from the earliest period of Fiji’s human history have been found, was undertaken by a team from the University of the South Pacific and the Fiji Museum. Surface collection and excavation in the largest cave – Qaranibourewa – was hindered by large amounts of ceiling collapse and no trace of human occupation earlier than about AD 1000 was found. The second-largest cave – Qaramatatolu – had a cave fill 190 cm thick but this was determined to be all of recent origin, having accumulated as a result of being washed down through a hole in the cave roof from a settlement above that probably existed AD 750-1250. The shell faunal remains from the Qaramatatolu excavation all suggest an open-coast location, quite different from the mangrove forest that fronts the area today. This mangrove forest probably formed only within the last few hundred years.
{"title":"Human occupations of caves of the Rove peninsula, southwest Viti Levu island, Fiji","authors":"P. Nunn, Conway Pene, Sepeti Matararaba, Roselyn Kumar, Preetika Singh, Ilaisa Dredregasa, Marion Gwilliam, Tony Heorake, Ledua T. Kuilanisautabu, Elia Nakoro, Lawrence R. Narayan, M. Pastorizo, Stephine Robinson, Petero M. Saunivalu, Faye R. Tamani","doi":"10.1071/SP05003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/SP05003","url":null,"abstract":"Geoarchaeological investigations of limestone caves along the Rove Peninsula, where several Lapita-era (1150-750 BC) sites dating from the earliest period of Fiji’s human history have been found, was undertaken by a team from the University of the South Pacific and the Fiji Museum. Surface collection and excavation in the largest cave – Qaranibourewa – was hindered by large amounts of ceiling collapse and no trace of human occupation earlier than about AD 1000 was found. The second-largest cave – Qaramatatolu – had a cave fill 190 cm thick but this was determined to be all of recent origin, having accumulated as a result of being washed down through a hole in the cave roof from a settlement above that probably existed AD 750-1250. The shell faunal remains from the Qaramatatolu excavation all suggest an open-coast location, quite different from the mangrove forest that fronts the area today. This mangrove forest probably formed only within the last few hundred years.","PeriodicalId":148381,"journal":{"name":"The South Pacific Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130344738","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Combining ability variances and effects were estimated for important agronomic and biochemical traits in sugarcane using line x tester mating design. Five commercially grown varieties and one line from germplasm collection were involved in this study of which three were used as females (lines) and three as males (testers). The six agronomic characters studied were number of millable stalk per stool, stalk diameter, stalk height, weight of millable stalk, refroctometre brix and plant volume. The five bio-chemical characters studied include polatronic reading (pol), fibre, purity, brix and pure obtainable cane-sugar (POCS). Among the lines, Aiwa and Mana and among the testers Vatu and Mentor were found to be the best general combiners for most of the agronomic and bio-chemical characters. Four out of nine crosses namely Aiwa x Mentor, Kaba x Vatu, Kaba x Yasawa and Mana x Yasawa were found to be the best crosses. Analysis of Variance for bio-chemical characters showed that only one character (% fibre) was significant. The line x tester interaction was not significant for any of the characters studied. Estimates of variance due to gca and sca and their ratio revealed predominantly non-additive gene action for these characters. Non-additive gene action can be exploited in F1 generation. Development of new hybrid varieties with improved agronomic and bio-chemical characters is therefore suggested.
采用系x试验配合力设计，估计了甘蔗重要农艺生化性状的配合力变异及其效应。本研究涉及5个商业栽培品种和1个种质收集系，其中3个作为雌性(系)，3个作为雄性(试验)。研究的6个农艺性状分别是:每粪可制茎数、茎粗、茎高、可制茎重、折射率和植株体积。研究了五种生化特性，包括极化读数(pol)、纤维、纯度、白度和纯可得甘蔗糖(POCS)。在各品系中，爱娃和玛娜以及试验品系中，瓦图和门托是大多数农艺和生化性状的最佳综合组合。在9个杂交组合中，有4个是最佳杂交组合，即Aiwa x Mentor、Kaba x Vatu、Kaba x Yasawa和Mana x Yasawa。生化性状方差分析表明，只有1个性状(%纤维)具有显著性。对所研究的任何性状来说，线x测试器的交互作用都不显著。对gca和sca及其比值的方差估计显示这些性状主要是非加性基因作用。非加性基因作用可以在F1代中利用。因此，建议开发具有改良农艺和生化性状的杂交新品种。
{"title":"Line x tester analysis in sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum)","authors":"A. Tyagi, P. Lal","doi":"10.1071/SP05006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/SP05006","url":null,"abstract":"Combining ability variances and effects were estimated for important agronomic and biochemical traits in sugarcane using line x tester mating design. Five commercially grown varieties and one line from germplasm collection were involved in this study of which three were used as females (lines) and three as males (testers). The six agronomic characters studied were number of millable stalk per stool, stalk diameter, stalk height, weight of millable stalk, refroctometre brix and plant volume. The five bio-chemical characters studied include polatronic reading (pol), fibre, purity, brix and pure obtainable cane-sugar (POCS). Among the lines, Aiwa and Mana and among the testers Vatu and Mentor were found to be the best general combiners for most of the agronomic and bio-chemical characters. Four out of nine crosses namely Aiwa x Mentor, Kaba x Vatu, Kaba x Yasawa and Mana x Yasawa were found to be the best crosses. Analysis of Variance for bio-chemical characters showed that only one character (% fibre) was significant. The line x tester interaction was not significant for any of the characters studied. Estimates of variance due to gca and sca and their ratio revealed predominantly non-additive gene action for these characters. Non-additive gene action can be exploited in F1 generation. Development of new hybrid varieties with improved agronomic and bio-chemical characters is therefore suggested.","PeriodicalId":148381,"journal":{"name":"The South Pacific Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128875608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) was blended with poly(viny1 butyral) (PVB) through solution casting method using chloroform as the common solvent. The films obtained were characterized for miscibility using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), tensile testing and FTIR spectroscopy. The DSC results showed that the glass-transition temperature (Tg) of the PLA and PVB remained more or less constant with the composition of the blend. The existence of two Tg’s in the blends indicated that PLA and PVB were immiscible over the composition range investigated. percentage crystallinity ( cc ), of PLA phase remained constant with increasing PVB content in the blend. FTIR measurements showed that there was no appreciable change in the spectra with respect to blend composition, implying the immiscibility of the two polymers. Mechanical analysis showed that the tensile strength and elongation decreased on blending.
{"title":"Miscibility study of solution cast blends of poly(lactic acid) and poly(vinyl butyral)","authors":"J. R. Khurma, D. Rohindra, R. Devi","doi":"10.1071/SP05004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/SP05004","url":null,"abstract":"Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) was blended with poly(viny1 butyral) (PVB) through solution casting method using chloroform as the common solvent. The films obtained were characterized for miscibility using Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), tensile testing and FTIR spectroscopy. The DSC results showed that the glass-transition temperature (Tg) of the PLA and PVB remained more or less constant with the composition of the blend. The existence of two Tg’s in the blends indicated that PLA and PVB were immiscible over the composition range investigated. percentage crystallinity ( cc ), of PLA phase remained constant with increasing PVB content in the blend. FTIR measurements showed that there was no appreciable change in the spectra with respect to blend composition, implying the immiscibility of the two polymers. Mechanical analysis showed that the tensile strength and elongation decreased on blending.","PeriodicalId":148381,"journal":{"name":"The South Pacific Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130286259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Forty samples of freshwater clam (Batissa violacea), popularly known as Kai, collected from the Suva market were analysed for total aerobic plate count and total coliforms. The heterotrophic bacteria isolated by plate count were also characterised up to genera. The results indicated higher than acceptable level of plate count and coliform bacteria. While total plate count of aerobic heterotrophic bacteria ranged from 5.5 x 105 colony forming units (cfu) per gram to more than 107 cfu/ gram, total coliform load varied between 1.1 x 104 to 1.1 x 105 per 100 gm of Kai flesh. The characterisation of the heterotrophic bacteria revealed the predominance of the genera Micrococcus (34%) and Bacillus (24%). Other genera encountered included Acinetobacter, Vibrio, Aeromonas, Alcaligenes, Pseudomonas, Streptococcus and members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. The results revealed the need for depuration of the Kai in clean running water to reduce the bacterial load to acceptable levels. Temperature control soon after harvesting by proper icing and thorough cooking of the Kai before consumption is also recommended.
{"title":"Bacteriology of the fresh water bivalve clam Batissa violacea (Kai) sold in the Suva market","authors":"A. Hatha, K. Christi, R. Singh, Sushil Kumar","doi":"10.1071/SP05009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1071/SP05009","url":null,"abstract":"Forty samples of freshwater clam (Batissa violacea), popularly known as Kai, collected from the Suva market were analysed for total aerobic plate count and total coliforms. The heterotrophic bacteria isolated by plate count were also characterised up to genera. The results indicated higher than acceptable level of plate count and coliform bacteria. While total plate count of aerobic heterotrophic bacteria ranged from 5.5 x 105 colony forming units (cfu) per gram to more than 107 cfu/ gram, total coliform load varied between 1.1 x 104 to 1.1 x 105 per 100 gm of Kai flesh. The characterisation of the heterotrophic bacteria revealed the predominance of the genera Micrococcus (34%) and Bacillus (24%). Other genera encountered included Acinetobacter, Vibrio, Aeromonas, Alcaligenes, Pseudomonas, Streptococcus and members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. The results revealed the need for depuration of the Kai in clean running water to reduce the bacterial load to acceptable levels. Temperature control soon after harvesting by proper icing and thorough cooking of the Kai before consumption is also recommended.","PeriodicalId":148381,"journal":{"name":"The South Pacific Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2005-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122336274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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