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Silicate Application Alleviated the Depressive Impacts of Nighttime Warming on the Rice Growth, Yield and Quality in Southern China 施用硅酸盐可缓解夜间增温对中国南方水稻生长、产量和品质的抑制作用
IF 3.7 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2024-07-25 DOI: 10.1111/jac.12742
Yunsheng Lou, Yan Liu, Defeng Pan, Junhong Guo, Huilin Yang, Dongxue Zhou, Lixuan Ren

Nighttime warming decreased single rice production in southern China, while silicate supply increased the yield and stress resistance. It is still unclear regarding the impacts of silicate application on the growth, yield and quality in rice under nighttime warming. A field experiment was conducted to investigate the impacts of silicate application on the growth, yield and quality during rice growing period under nighttime warming. The warming was set at two levels, that is, ambient temperature (CK) and nighttime warming (NW). The open passive nighttime warming was used in this study, that is, rice canopy was covered with aluminium foil reflective film at night (19:00–6:00). Silicate fertiliser (steel slag) was applied at two levels, that is, Si0 (0 kg SiO2·hm−2) and Si1 (200 kg SiO2·hm−2). The results indicated that, compared with the control, the average nighttime temperature on rice canopy and at 5 cm soil layer increased by 0.51°C–0.59°C and 0.28°C–0.41°C during the rice growing period, respectively. Under nighttime warming, silicate supply increased the dry weight of shoot, total dry weight of the whole plant and yield by 64.1%, 55.3% and 7.1% at the filling-maturity stage, respectively. Silicate application significantly reduced dry matter translocation rate with 15%–18%, but significantly increased the root-shoot ratio with 0.39–0.41 in rice. Under nighttime warming, silicate supply significantly increased milled rice rate, head rice rate and total starch content by 2.3%, 2.5% and 41.8%, respectively. Nighttime warming reduced the yield by decreasing the number of effective panicle, seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight, but increasing empty chaff grain. Silicate supply increased the yield by increasing the number of effective panicle, filled grains per panicle, seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight, but reducing empty chaff grain. This study suggests that silicate supply can effectively alleviate the suppressive effects of nighttime warming on single rice growth, yield and quality in Southern China.

夜间增温降低了中国南方水稻的单产,而施用硅酸盐则提高了产量和抗逆性。施用硅酸盐对夜温条件下水稻生长、产量和品质的影响尚不清楚。本研究进行了一项田间试验,以研究在夜间增温条件下施用硅酸盐对水稻生长期的生长、产量和品质的影响。加温设置为两个水平,即环境温度(CK)和夜间加温(NW)。本研究采用开放式被动夜间增温,即在夜间(19:00-6:00)用铝箔反光膜覆盖水稻冠层。硅酸盐肥料(钢渣)的施用量分为两个等级,即 Si0(0 kg SiO2-hm-2)和 Si1(200 kg SiO2-hm-2)。结果表明,与对照相比,在水稻生长期间,水稻冠层和 5 厘米土层的夜间平均温度分别升高了 0.51°C-0.59°C 和 0.28°C-0.41°C。在夜间增温条件下,施用硅酸盐可使灌浆成熟期的嫩梢干重、全株干重和产量分别增加 64.1%、55.3% 和 7.1%。施用硅酸盐会明显降低水稻的干物质转移率(15%-18%),但会明显提高根芽比(0.39-0.41)。在夜间增温条件下,施用硅酸盐可显著提高碾米率、头米率和总淀粉含量,增幅分别为 2.3%、2.5% 和 41.8%。夜间增温降低了有效穗数、结实率和千粒重,但增加了空糠粒,从而降低了产量。供应硅酸盐可增加有效圆锥花序数、每圆锥花序的饱满粒数、结实率和千粒重,但会减少空糠粒,从而提高产量。这项研究表明,供应硅酸盐可有效缓解夜间增温对中国南方单季稻生长、产量和品质的抑制作用。
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引用次数: 0
Waterlogging-Induced Changes in ABA, Carbohydrates and CBF6 Modify Freezing Tolerance in Prehardened Festuca pratensis 水涝引起的 ABA、碳水化合物和 CBF6 变化改变了预硬苗的耐冻能力
IF 3.7 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2024-07-24 DOI: 10.1111/jac.12740
Barbara Jurczyk, Michał Dziurka, Franciszek Janowiak, Ewa Pociecha, Maciej Grzesiak, Marcin Rapacz

Changes in precipitation and snow melt during warmer winters can increase low-temperature waterlogging. Such conditions may bring about different effects when compared with a single stress trigger, such as low-temperature or water excess. The effects of waterlogging are clearly related to water temperature, and the consequences of water excess might be less severe, as more oxygen is dissolved in colder water. The effect of waterlogging during cold acclimation (CA) is poorly understood; most experiments concerning water excess are performed at relatively high-temperatures. In this study, we examined the effect of 3 weeks of waterlogging (approx. 2 cm above the soil level) on CA in Festuca pratensis Huds. (Fp), a cool-season grass. Measurements were taken before CA (after prehardening, before flooding) and after 3 weeks of CA in waterlogged (treated) and non-waterlogged (control) plants. The work included: (i) freezing tolerance test (regrowth after freezing), (ii) analysis of abscisic acid (ABA) content in the leaf, (iii) leaf stomatal conductance, (iv) leaf water content, (v) carbohydrates analysis, including fructans, and (vi) transcript levels of selected genes involved in freezing tolerance, ABA signalling and fructan biosynthesis. The aim of the study was to test a hypothesis that low-temperature waterlogging in Fp enhances freezing tolerance (plant regrowth after freezing) related to increased ABA accumulation, increased C-repeat-binding transcription factor expression and/or increased carbohydrate accumulation, including fructans. Two out of four genotypes exhibited enhanced regrowth following freezing due to waterlogging relative to control. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed a positive correlation between ABA levels and freezing tolerance in both treatments, with a more pronounced effect observed in the waterlogged plants. However, the phytohormone played different roles in these two treatments. In the context of low-temperature waterlogging, ABA may be involved in the dehydration tolerance response in genotypes suffering from physiological drought, as well as the induction of C-repeat-binding transcription factors (CBFs) and sucrose, which may improve freezing tolerance. The increased fructan amount and polymerisation degree due to waterlogging may provide a carbohydrate sink to maintain a high photosynthetic efficiency, but are not directly responsible for freezing tolerance changes. The study indicates that tolerance mechanisms of Fp exposed to low-temperature waterlogging involve maintaining a high photosynthetic rate, as well as oxidative and dehydration stress tolerance.

冬季变暖时降水和融雪的变化会加剧低温涝害。与低温或水量过多等单一压力触发因素相比,这些条件可能会带来不同的影响。水涝的影响显然与水温有关,而水量过多的后果可能没那么严重,因为较冷的水中溶解了更多的氧气。人们对低温适应(CA)过程中水涝的影响知之甚少;大多数有关水过量的实验都是在相对较高的温度下进行的。在这项研究中,我们考察了涝害 3 周(高出土壤水平约 2 厘米)对 Festuca pratensis Huds.(Fp)(一种冷季型草坪草)CA 的影响。在 CA 之前(预硬化后,淹水前)和 CA 3 周后,分别对水涝(处理)和非水涝(对照)植物进行了测量。工作包括(i)耐冻性测试(受冻后重新生长),(ii)叶片中脱落酸(ABA)含量分析,(iii)叶片气孔导度,(iv)叶片含水量,(v)碳水化合物分析,包括果聚糖,以及(vi)参与耐冻性、ABA 信号传导和果聚糖生物合成的选定基因的转录水平。该研究旨在验证一个假设,即 Fp 的低温涝害会增强耐冻性(植物受冻后重新生长),这与 ABA 积累增加、C-重复结合转录因子表达增加和/或碳水化合物(包括果聚糖)积累增加有关。与对照组相比,四种基因型中有两种在受冻后由于涝害表现出更强的再生能力。主成分分析(PCA)显示,在两种处理中,ABA 水平与耐冻性之间存在正相关,在受涝植株中观察到的影响更为明显。不过,植物激素在这两种处理中的作用不同。在低温涝害的情况下,ABA 可能参与了生理干旱基因型的脱水耐受反应,也可能诱导了 C 重复结合转录因子(CBFs)和蔗糖,从而提高了抗冻性。涝害导致的果聚糖数量和聚合度增加可能为维持高光合效率提供了碳水化合物汇,但并不是耐冻性变化的直接原因。该研究表明,Fp 对低温涝害的耐受机制包括维持高光合速率以及耐氧化和脱水胁迫。
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引用次数: 0
Low Light at Specific Growth Stage Affects Photoassimilates Transportation, Seed Quality and Yield in Brassica napus L. 特定生长阶段的弱光影响油菜光同化物的运输、种子质量和产量
IF 3.7 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2024-07-20 DOI: 10.1111/jac.12735
Hafiz Hassan Javed, Yue Hu, Ali Raza, Nadiyah M. Alabdallah, Muhammad Ahsan Asghar, Khurram Shehzad Khan, Xiao Peng, Abu Zar Ghafoor, Abd Ullah, Yong-Cheng Wu

In many parts of the world, solar radiation has decreased during the past 50 years due to industrialisation-induced elevations in air aerosols which has negatively impacted crop productivity. Climate change threatens rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) production due to shade stress caused by reduced light radiation. However, studies on how shade affects photosynthetic mechanisms in rapeseed (leaves and pod wall) are not well documented. Understanding the mechanisms of shade on yield formation in rapeseed is important for breeding shade-tolerant rapeseed varieties and optimising agricultural management practices in low-light areas. Therefore, this study assesses the impacts of ‘global dimming’ simulated by shading at a specific period on rapeseed's photosynthetic behaviour, yield and seed quality. A two-factor split-plot design was arranged with three shading treatments (CK, FS and PS) and two hybrid genotypes (Chuannong and Zhongyouza) of rapeseed. We observed that shading at the flowering stage (FS) significantly inhibited the leaf area index, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic efficiency and enzymatic activities of both genotypes. Besides that, shading at pod development stage (PS) substantially declined the pod photosynthetic characteristics and transportation of carbohydrates towards economic organ (seeds) which directly decreased the yield of rapeseed. We found that PS treatment remarkably declined the oil content of both genotypes. According to the results, the photosynthetic capacity of rapeseed pod wall had a greater impact on yield and seed quality than leaves. Therefore, improving the photosynthetic capacity and material transport efficiency of the pod wall is a potential measure to increase the yield of rapeseed under shade stress. This study provides a new insight into the effects of shade on rapeseed production and provides a valuable reference for rapeseed breeding techniques to develop high-yielding genotypes by enhancing the photosynthetic efficiency of rapeseed pod wall in low-light conditions.

在过去 50 年中,由于工业化导致空气中气溶胶增加,世界许多地区的太阳辐射减少,对作物产量产生了负面影响。由于光辐射减少导致的遮荫胁迫,气候变化威胁着油菜籽(Brassica napus L.)的生产。然而,有关遮荫如何影响油菜籽(叶片和豆荚壁)光合作用机制的研究还没有很好的记录。了解遮荫对油菜籽产量形成的影响机制,对于培育耐荫油菜品种和优化低光照地区的农业管理措施非常重要。因此,本研究评估了特定时期遮光模拟的 "全球变暗 "对油菜光合作用行为、产量和种子质量的影响。研究采用双因素小区设计,安排了三种遮光处理(CK、FS 和 PS)和两种油菜杂交基因型(川农和中油菜)。我们观察到,花期遮光(FS)明显抑制了两种基因型的叶面积指数、叶绿素含量、光合效率和酶活性。此外,豆荚发育期(PS)的遮光处理大大降低了豆荚的光合特性和碳水化合物向经济器官(种子)的运输,直接降低了油菜籽的产量。我们发现,PS 处理显著降低了两种基因型的含油量。结果表明,与叶片相比,油菜荚壁的光合能力对产量和种子质量的影响更大。因此,提高荚壁的光合能力和物质运输效率是提高遮荫胁迫下油菜产量的潜在措施。该研究对遮荫对油菜籽产量的影响有了新的认识,为油菜育种技术提供了有价值的参考,通过提高低光照条件下油菜荚壁的光合效率,培育高产基因型。
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引用次数: 0
Cross-Generational Effect of Water Deficit Priming on Physiology of Peanut Plants Under Water Stress 缺水引物对水分胁迫下花生植株生理机能的跨代影响
IF 3.7 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2024-07-19 DOI: 10.1111/jac.12736
Aline de Camargo Santos, Bruce Schaffer, Diane Rowland, Matthew Bremgartner, Pamela Moon, Barry Tillman, Edivan Rodrigues de Souza, Elias Bassil

Water deficit priming through regulated deficit irrigation has been shown to be beneficial for peanut cultivation, leading to improved water-use efficiency during the crop cycle and enhanced stress acclimation. The effects of priming using water deficit can be heritable, but little is known about stress priming effects on the physiology and growth of successive generations undergoing water stress. Two experiments were conducted to assess cross-generational priming by determining physiological and growth responses of offspring of primed and non-primed peanut plants of two genotypes, COC-041 and New Mexico Valencia C (NMV-C), both previously found to be strongly responsive to priming. Seeds were collected from parental plants subjected to mild water stress by regulated deficit irrigation (primed) or adequate irrigation (non-primed). These seeds were then planted, and the offspring were monitored for physiological and growth responses to water stress, including on a whole-plant basis using a high-throughput physiological phenotyping platform and on individual leaves by periodic single-leaf measurements. Measurements included whole-plant transpiration (plant-Tr), root water uptake, leaf transpiration, stomatal conductance and net CO2 assimilation (leaf-Tr, leaf-gs, and leaf-A), leaf water and osmotic potential (leaf-Ψw and leaf-Ψo), leaf osmotic adjustment, leaf relative water content (leaf-RWC) and cumulative plant-Tr. Offspring of both genotypes from primed parent plants had faster early establishment, with more uniform germination, and more rapid initial seedling growth compared to offspring from non-primed parent plants. Although offspring of both non-primed and primed plants of both genotypes exhibited a significant reduction of plant-Tr, gas exchange, leaf-Ψw, leaf-Ψo, and leaf-RWC when exposed to water stress, offspring of primed plants showed increased water use efficiency through reduced leaf-gs, leaf-Tr and plant-Tr while maintaining leaf-A under water stress. Despite offspring of both primed and non-primed plants being susceptible to severe water stress, offspring of primed plants exhibited overall enhanced water use efficiency, leading to greater dry biomass production per gram of transpired water and a trend of less growth reduction due to water stress compared to offspring of non-primed plants, especially for the genotype COC-041. This study shows the potential of water deficit priming to promote cross-generational changes in physiological function under limited water availability, by enhancing crop stress acclimation in the next plant generation.

通过调节亏缺灌溉进行亏缺引水已被证明对花生栽培有益,可提高作物周期内的水分利用效率并增强胁迫适应能力。利用水分亏缺诱导的效果可以遗传,但人们对胁迫诱导对遭受水分胁迫的连续世代的生理和生长的影响知之甚少。为了评估跨代引诱,我们进行了两项实验,分别测定两种基因型(COC-041 和新墨西哥瓦伦西亚 C(NMV-C))的引诱和非引诱花生植株后代的生理和生长反应,这两种基因型以前都被发现对引诱有强烈的反应。通过调节亏缺灌溉(启动)或充分灌溉(非启动)对亲本植株施加轻微的水分胁迫,从亲本植株上采集种子。然后种植这些种子,并监测子代对水分胁迫的生理和生长反应,包括使用高通量生理表型平台进行全株监测,以及通过定期单叶测量进行单叶监测。测量包括全株蒸腾(plant-Tr)、根部吸水、叶片蒸腾、气孔导度和二氧化碳净同化(leaf-Tr、leaf-gs 和 leaf-A)、叶片水分和渗透势(leaf-Ψw 和 leaf-Ψo)、叶片渗透调节、叶片相对含水量(leaf-RWC)和累积植株蒸腾。与未经催芽的亲本植株的后代相比,催芽亲本植株的两个基因型的后代早期成苗更快,发芽更均匀,幼苗初期生长更迅速。虽然两种基因型的未引种植株和引种植株的后代在受到水分胁迫时植株-Tr、气体交换、叶片-Ψw、叶片-Ψo和叶片-RWC都显著减少,但引种植株的后代在水分胁迫下通过减少叶片-gs、叶片-Tr和植株-Tr而提高了水分利用效率,同时保持了叶片-A。尽管引种植物和非引种植物的后代都容易受到严重的水分胁迫,但引种植物的后代总体上表现出更高的水分利用效率,与非引种植物的后代相比,引种植物的后代每克转运水产生的干生物量更大,而且因水分胁迫导致的生长下降趋势更小,尤其是基因型 COC-041 的后代。这项研究表明,在有限的水分供应条件下,缺水诱导有可能通过增强下一代植物对作物胁迫的适应性,促进生理功能的跨代变化。
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引用次数: 0
Identifying High-Yielding and Drought-Tolerant Wheat Cultivars Based on Ideotypic Traits and Yield Responses to Stress 根据表型性状和对胁迫的产量反应鉴定高产耐旱小麦品种
IF 3.7 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2024-07-19 DOI: 10.1111/jac.12738
Yibo Li, Fulu Tao, Yuanfeng Hao, Yonggui Xiao, Zhonghu He, Matthew Reynolds

Drought is one of the most adverse factors affecting plant growth and productivity. Identifying elite genotypes and their ideotypic traits conferring high yield potential and drought tolerance is critical in selecting and breeding drought-tolerant wheat cultivars. In this study, we conducted field experiments at the Xinxiang Agricultural Comprehensive Experimental station in the North China Plain from 2018 to 2020 and assessed 209 wheat cultivars released since the 1940s under irrigated and nonirrigated conditions. Then, we selected drought-tolerant cultivars by classifying them into four groups based on yield response to drought stress and several drought indices. Finally, the key ideotypic traits associated with high yield potential and drought tolerance were identified. Results indicated that the grain yield of the 209 cultivars decreased on average by 10.4% and 9.4% under nonirrigated treatment in 2018–2019 and 2019–2020, respectively, relative to full irrigation. The high-yielding cultivars under both irrigation treatments are characterised by a compact plant type, larger thousand-grain weight, larger chlorophyll content, higher leaf photosynthesis, shorter plant height and stay-green traits. The stomatal and nonstomatal limitations are strongly associated with genotype yield performance, elucidating a potential mechanism underlying drought tolerance. Drought tolerance and yield stability of wheat cultivars have been improved through breeding over the past 70 years. Our findings enhance understanding of drought tolerance and identify genotypes and traits beneficial for breeding high-yielding and drought-tolerant cultivars.

干旱是影响植物生长和生产力的最不利因素之一。鉴定赋予高产潜力和耐旱性的精英基因型及其表型性状对于选育耐旱小麦栽培品种至关重要。在本研究中,我们于2018年至2020年在华北平原的新乡农业综合试验站进行了田间试验,评估了209个自20世纪40年代以来在灌溉和非灌溉条件下发布的小麦栽培品种。然后,根据对干旱胁迫的产量响应和多项干旱指数,将小麦品种分为四组,筛选出耐旱栽培品种。最后,确定了与高产潜力和耐旱性相关的关键表型性状。结果表明,相对于全面灌溉,209 个栽培品种在 2018-2019 年和 2019-2020 年非灌溉处理下的谷物产量分别平均减少了 10.4% 和 9.4%。两种灌溉处理下的高产栽培品种均具有株型紧凑、千粒重较大、叶绿素含量较高、叶片光合作用较强、株高较矮和留绿等特征。气孔和非气孔限制与基因型的产量表现密切相关,阐明了耐旱性的潜在机制。在过去的 70 年中,小麦品种的耐旱性和产量稳定性通过育种得到了提高。我们的研究结果加深了对耐旱性的理解,并确定了有利于培育高产耐旱栽培品种的基因型和性状。
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引用次数: 0
Impact of Soil Moisture Depletion on Various Yield Components and Water Usage to Trigger Pods in Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) Desi Genotypes 土壤水分耗竭对鹰嘴豆(Cicer arietinum L.)Desi 基因型的各种产量成分和催荚用水量的影响
IF 3.7 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2024-07-18 DOI: 10.1111/jac.12734
Muhammad Naveed, Urmil Bansal, Brent Norman Kaiser

Chickpeas are well adapted to rainfed conditions, but a lack of moisture during the reproductive phase can result in lower pod setting and ultimately reduced grain yield. The exact reasons for this reduction are not fully understood, partly because of the lack of information on soil moisture content (SMC) and water use during podding. This study aimed to address this knowledge gap by quantifying the impact of gradual drought on various yield components of desi-type genotypes using the fraction of transpirable soil water (FTSW) method. Two water treatments were applied at the start of anthesis: well-watered (WW) and drought-stressed (DS). The WW was maintained at 24% SMC, whereas the DS was dried to 3% SMC. The results showed that DS caused early podding (3.3 days less), with reductions in plant height (11.4 cm), leaf area (1249.5 cm2), flowers (18.6), pods (27.4), seeds (37.0), grain yield (0.2 g), aboveground dry biomass (11.4 g) and harvest index (0.2 g), while increasing flower abortion (14.6) and seed biomass (1.5 g). However, diverse genotypic responses were observed to treatments, as well as water usage, FTSW and SMC that triggered pods which ranged from 1.12 to 1.89 L, 0.05 to 0.43 and 4.0% to 12.2%, respectively. A positive association between days taken and the amount of water used to terminate pods indicated that quicker-triggering genotypes, such as Rupali and Genesis 836, consumed less water to develop pods than Flipper, ICCV_06109 and PBA Slasher did. Conversely, the negative association between the amount of water used and the number of pods triggered, seeds and grain yield explained the superior performance of Rupali and Genesis 836. These genotypes extracted less water (FTSW = 0.36 and 0.43; SMC = 10.3% and 12.2%, respectively) to develop pods and maintained favourable photosynthesis at lower transpiration rates for longer periods, allowing them to use residual moisture more efficiently. Our research offers crucial insights that can be beneficial to breeders and physiologists, paving the way for future studies aimed at developing drought-tolerant genotypes.

鹰嘴豆能很好地适应雨养条件,但生育期缺水会导致结荚率降低,最终导致谷物减产。造成这种减产的确切原因尚不完全清楚,部分原因是缺乏有关结荚期土壤含水量(SMC)和水分利用的信息。本研究旨在利用土壤水分可渗透性(FTSW)方法,量化逐渐干旱对 desi-type 基因型各种产量成分的影响,从而填补这一知识空白。在花期开始时施加了两种水分处理:水分充足(WW)和干旱胁迫(DS)。WW 保持 24% 的 SMC,而 DS 则干燥至 3% SMC。结果表明,干旱胁迫导致结荚期提前(减少 3.3 天),植株高度(11.4 厘米)、叶面积(1249.5 平方厘米)、花朵(18.6 朵)、豆荚(27.4 个)、种子(37.0 粒)、谷物产量(0.2 克)、地上部干生物量(11.4 克)和收获指数(0.2 克)减少,同时花朵凋落量(14.6 朵)和种子生物量(1.5 克)增加。然而,对处理以及用水量、FTSW 和 SMC 的基因型反应各不相同,引发的结荚率分别为 1.12 至 1.89 L、0.05 至 0.43 和 4.0% 至 12.2%。结荚天数与结荚用水量之间呈正相关,表明 Rupali 和 Genesis 836 等触发较快的基因型结荚耗水量少于 Flipper、ICCV_06109 和 PBA Slasher。相反,用水量与结荚数、种子和谷物产量之间的负相关说明了 Rupali 和 Genesis 836 的优异表现。这些基因型在结荚时抽取的水分较少(FTSW = 0.36 和 0.43;SMC = 10.3% 和 12.2%),并能在较低蒸腾速率下长时间保持良好的光合作用,从而能更有效地利用剩余水分。我们的研究为育种家和生理学家提供了有益的重要见解,为今后旨在开发耐旱基因型的研究铺平了道路。
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引用次数: 0
Small Stomates and Xylem Vessels Associated With Freeze Tolerance in Winter Barley 与冬大麦耐冻性相关的小气孔和木质部血管
IF 3.7 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2024-07-18 DOI: 10.1111/jac.12737
Xi Liang, Gongshe Hu, Lisa McDougall, Jason Werth, Rui Yang, Jingya Yang, Chris Evans, Kathy Satterfield

Freeze tolerance is a complex agronomic trait that is difficult to evaluate in the field because of year-to-year variation in weather. Discovering plant characteristics closely related to freeze tolerance would enable more effective selection for this important trait. To explore possible physiological mechanisms and search for useful characteristics related to freeze tolerance in winter barley, we conducted field and growth chamber experiments with seven freeze-tolerant and seven freeze-susceptible genotypes that exhibited contrasting winter survival in preliminary field screenings. In a 2-year field experiment, malondialdehyde, proline and water-soluble carbohydrate concentrations were measured during cold acclimation and deacclimation to investigate differences in osmoregulation and membrane stability between freeze-tolerant and freeze-sensitive genotypes. All parameters varied by sampling year, and significant differences between freeze tolerance groups were found mainly during cold deacclimation in the spring. In growth chamber experiments, the size of xylem vessels and stomates was measured with and without cold acclimation. Freeze-tolerant genotypes had smaller xylem vessels and stomates than freeze-sensitive genotypes with and without cold acclimation, and small stomatal length was associated with a small xylem vessel area. Thus, it may be possible to improve freeze tolerance in winter barley by selecting smaller xylem and stomate cells. This study also validated germplasms of winter barley with differential freeze tolerance for future projects on breeding for improving winter hardiness and on plant physiology and genetics in response to freezing stress.

耐冻性是一个复杂的农艺性状,由于天气年复一年的变化,很难在田间进行评估。发现与抗冻性密切相关的植物特征将有助于更有效地选择这一重要性状。为了探索可能的生理机制并寻找与冬大麦耐冻性相关的有用特性,我们用 7 个耐冻基因型和 7 个感冻基因型进行了田间和生长室实验,这些基因型在初步的田间筛选中表现出截然不同的冬季存活率。在为期两年的田间试验中,我们测量了耐寒和脱寒期间丙二醛、脯氨酸和水溶性碳水化合物的浓度,以研究耐冻基因型和感冻基因型在渗透调节和膜稳定性方面的差异。所有参数都因采样年份而异,耐冻组间的显著差异主要出现在春季低温脱钙期。在生长室实验中,对木质部血管和气孔的大小进行了测量。耐冻基因型的木质部血管和气孔都小于对冷冻敏感的基因型,而气孔长度小与木质部血管面积小有关。因此,有可能通过选择较小的木质部和气孔细胞来提高冬大麦的抗冻性。这项研究还验证了具有不同抗冻性的冬大麦种质,为今后提高冬大麦耐寒性的育种项目以及应对冷冻胁迫的植物生理和遗传学项目提供了参考。
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引用次数: 0
Broad Scope of Site-Specific Crop Management and Specific Role of Remote Sensing Technologies Within It—A Review 特定地点作物管理的广泛范围和遥感技术在其中的具体作用--综述
IF 3.7 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2024-07-17 DOI: 10.1111/jac.12732
Abid Ali, Muhammad Umair Hassan, Hans-Peter Kaul

Precision agriculture (PA) has great potential to increase agricultural productivity and profitability while reducing input costs and environmental impacts. Within PA, site-specific crop management (SSCM) is considered the main premise, in which tillage operations and precise crop inputs (such as seed, fertiliser, water, pesticide and agrochemical) are applied according to field variability. The main aim of this review was to highlight the methods and tools used for spatial crop monitoring, soil and weather data influencing crop productivity and to support the adoption of SSCM technology. To achieve this goal: we discussed the main five components of SSCM, methods for monitoring crop and soil data, delineating field management zones (FMZs) and variable rate technologies (VRT) such as precision planting and digital smart sensors used for SSCM application. The review summarised that recent advances in plant and soil sensing systems, artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning should be used in retrieving and analysing GIS big data for optimised crop inputs supply. Within VRT, light-bar systems, automatic controllers and sensors are user-friendly technologies that should be employed in SSCM solution. The authors highlight that adoption of PA can be increased through proper training and education of the farmers, and developing simple, affordable and efficient PA technologies. The review suggests five criteria that should be strictly adopted to get maximum benefits from SSCM: (i) all factors influencing crop yields can be identified; (ii) their effects on crop yields can be determined by using appropriate digital tools and crop modelling; (iii) variable rate crop inputs (VRCIs) should be calculated based on accurate information obtained from plant, soil and environment; (iv) targeted crop inputs should be exercised through global positioning system (GPS) enabled automatic controllers or wireless sensors network (WSN); and (v) right doses of crop inputs (e.g., nitrogen and irrigation) must be applied at the right time and place.

精准农业(PA)在提高农业生产率和盈利能力,同时降低投入成本和环境影响方面具有巨大潜力。在精准农业中,因地制宜的作物管理(SSCM)被认为是主要前提,其中耕作操作和精确的作物投入(如种子、肥料、水、农药和农用化学品)都是根据田间变化而应用的。本综述的主要目的是强调用于作物空间监测、影响作物生产力的土壤和天气数据的方法和工具,并支持 SSCM 技术的采用。为实现这一目标:我们讨论了 SSCM 的五个主要组成部分、作物和土壤数据监测方法、田间管理区划(FMZ)以及变率技术(VRT),如精准种植和用于 SSCM 应用的数字智能传感器。综述总结指出,植物和土壤传感系统、人工智能(AI)和机器学习的最新进展应被用于检索和分析地理信息系统大数据,以优化作物投入的供应。在 VRT 中,光栅系统、自动控制器和传感器是用户友好型技术,应在 SSCM 解决方案中加以采用。作者强调,可以通过对农民进行适当的培训和教育,以及开发简单、负担得起和高效的 PA 技术,来提高 PA 的采用率。综述提出了应严格采用的五项标准,以便从 SSCM 中获得最大收益:(i) 可确定影响作物产量的所有因素;(ii) 可通过使用适当的数字工具和作物建模确定这些因素对作物产量的影响;(iii) 应根据从植物、土壤和环境中获得的准确信息计算可变速率作物投入;(iv) 应通过支持全球定位系统(GPS)的自动控制器或无线传感器网络(WSN)进行有针对性的作物投入;(v) 必须在适当的时间施用适当剂量的作物投入(如氮肥和灌溉)、(v) 必须在正确的时间和地点施用正确剂量的作物投入(如氮和灌溉)。
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引用次数: 0
Enhancement of Waterlogging Tolerance and Improvement of Grain Quality in Waxy Maize With Exogenous EDAH: A Mixture of Ethephon and Diethyl Aminoethyl Hexanoate 用外源 EDAH 增强蜡质玉米的耐涝性并改善谷物品质:Ethephon 和己酸二乙胺基乙酯的混合物
IF 3.7 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2024-07-17 DOI: 10.1111/jac.12729
Chao Huang, Xuchen Liu, Shoutian Ma, Anzhen Qin, Yingying Zhang, Yuxiang Xie, Yang Gao, Zhandong Liu

Global warming has led to more frequent extreme weather events, such as heavy summer rains, in the Huang-Huai-Hai region. These events significantly impede the growth and development of waxy maize in the area and disrupt the stable progression of the industry. However, there is a lack of effective agricultural measures to mitigate the impact of waterlogging, and the underlying regulation mechanisms remain unclear. To fill this knowledge gap, we conducted a two-year experiment to assess whether exogenous EDAH (a mixture of ethephon and diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate (DA-6), ethephon: DA-6 = 27%: 3%) application during the waxy maize V6 stage, combined with 10 days of waterlogging treatment at the V6, VT and R2 growth stages. The results indicate that exogenous EDAH mitigates the adverse effects of waterlogging stress to a certain extent. It is noteworthy that exogenous EDAH increases the leaf area index and photosynthetic parameters of waxy maize, enhances the activity of catalase in ear leaves at the R3 stage, inhibits the accumulation of malondialdehyde and delays premature aging of plants. Furthermore, exogenous EDAH delays premature ripening of grains caused by waterlogging, increases the moisture content of fresh waxy maize grains during the fresh edible period, but does not effectively mitigate the yield losses caused by waterlogging. However, exogenous EDAH effectively improves grain quality under waterlogging stress, increasing the soluble sugar content and total protein content while reducing starch content, ultimately enhancing the edibility of fresh ears. Through TOPSIS comprehensive evaluation, it can be inferred that exogenous EDAH effectively mitigates the overall impact of waterlogging on waxy maize at both the V6 and VT stages. This research sheds light on potential strategies to mitigate the adverse effects of waterlogging on agricultural productivity and grain quality.

全球变暖导致黄淮海地区夏季暴雨等极端天气事件更加频繁。这些事件严重阻碍了该地区蜡质玉米的生长发育,扰乱了产业的稳定发展。然而,目前缺乏有效的农业措施来减轻涝灾的影响,其潜在的调控机制仍不清楚。为了填补这一知识空白,我们进行了一项为期两年的实验,以评估外源 EDAH(乙虫膦和己酸二乙氨基乙酯(DA-6)的混合物,乙虫膦:DA-6 = 27%:3%)在蜡质玉米 V6 阶段施用,同时在 V6、VT 和 R2 生长阶段进行为期 10 天的涝害处理。结果表明,外源 EDAH 在一定程度上减轻了涝害胁迫的不利影响。值得注意的是,外源 EDAH 能提高蜡质玉米的叶面积指数和光合参数,增强 R3 阶段穗叶中过氧化氢酶的活性,抑制丙二醛的积累,延缓植株早衰。此外,外源 EDAH 还能延缓涝害造成的籽粒早熟,增加新鲜蜡质玉米籽粒在新鲜食用期的含水量,但不能有效减轻涝害造成的产量损失。然而,外源 EDAH 能有效改善涝害胁迫下的谷粒品质,提高可溶性糖含量和总蛋白含量,同时降低淀粉含量,最终提高鲜穗的可食性。通过 TOPSIS 综合评价,可以推断外源 EDAH 能有效缓解 V6 和 VT 阶段涝害对蜡质玉米的整体影响。这项研究揭示了减轻涝害对农业生产率和谷物品质不利影响的潜在策略。
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引用次数: 0
An Effective Soil Analysis and Crop Yield Prediction Based on Optimised Light GBM in Smart Agriculture 智能农业中基于优化光 GBM 的有效土壤分析和作物产量预测方法
IF 3.7 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2024-07-17 DOI: 10.1111/jac.12726
Vivek Parganiha, Monika Verma

In the agricultural sector, crop yield prediction plays an important role as it helps farmers make decisions about the growing season and type of crops to get better yield. The main goal in the agricultural sector is to reduce operating costs and pollution by improving crop yields and quality. This paper proposes an effective method for soil analysis and crop yield prediction for intelligent agriculture. The collected data are preprocessed using missing value interpolation and data normalisation techniques. Feature selection is performed on the preprocessed data using the Aquila-based adaptive optimisation algorithm, which selects the best trait subset for yield prediction. An improved lightweight gradient-boosting machine based on the Battle Royale Optimisation technique is used for classification. The performance of the proposed system is evaluated using mean absolute error, root mean square error, R-squared, mean square error, mean square logarithmic error and mean absolute percentage error, and the proposed system achieved an accuracy of 97%. The proposed system accurately predicts crop yields, improving crop production and quality.

在农业领域,作物产量预测发挥着重要作用,因为它可以帮助农民决定作物的生长季节和种类,以获得更好的产量。农业部门的主要目标是通过提高作物产量和质量来降低运营成本和污染。本文为智能农业提出了一种有效的土壤分析和作物产量预测方法。利用缺失值插值和数据归一化技术对收集到的数据进行预处理。使用基于 Aquila 的自适应优化算法对预处理数据进行特征选择,从而为产量预测选择最佳性状子集。基于大逃杀优化技术的改进型轻量级梯度提升机用于分类。使用平均绝对误差、均方根误差、R 平方、均方误差、均方对数误差和平均绝对百分比误差评估了拟议系统的性能,拟议系统的准确率达到 97%。拟议系统能准确预测作物产量,提高作物产量和质量。
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引用次数: 0
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