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Low Grain Yield of Maize (Zea mays L) due to Stunted Tassel and Limited Sugar Transport Under Drought and Heat During Flowering 旱热条件下玉米(Zea mays L)雄穗发育不良和糖转运受限导致的低产量
IF 2.8 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2025-12-14 DOI: 10.1111/jac.70147
Rongfa Li, Kangna Yang, Zhibo Feng, Manman Jia, Hangzhao Guo, Yuepeng Wei, Zhenhua Yan, Yuxia Li, Xucun Jia, Qun Wang

Global seasonal heat and drought have become the main limiting factors affecting maize growth and grain yield. Huanong138 (HN138) and Zhengdan958 (ZD958) were used as the experimental material. The greenhouse experiment was conducted to uncover tassels and ear morphological development and grain fertility rate of maize under three stressors (heat (H), drought (D), and heat + drought (H + D)) at tasselling for 14 days. On average of the two hybrids, grain yield decreased by 17.3%, 31.2% and 45.4% in H, D and H + D, respectively, compared with CK. The grain fertility rate of stress treatments significantly reduced by 11.6%–28.7% under natural pollination (H♀ × H♂, D♀ × D♂), and reduced by 6.7%–24.7% under the condition of positive pollination (CK♂ × H or/and D♀), while reduced by 24.2%–48.9% under the condition of reverse pollination (CK♀ × H or/and D♂) than control, respectively. Moreover, pollen quantity, total spikelet number and density of tassels, silk viability significantly decreased, while anthesis silking interval was prolonged by 0.5–3.4 days in two genotypes under individual and combined stress than control. Individual and combined stress treatments suppressed grain sucrose metabolism via coordinated downregulation of sucrose synthase (SS) by 16.1%–59.2% and sucrose-phosphate synthase (SPS) activities by 2.6%–44.9% in developing grains, concomitantly triggering sucrose translocation to leaves and stalk, suggesting source-sink redistribution under stress constraints. Notably, the reduction of grain yield mainly resulted from stunted pollen development and limited sugar transport. These provided a strategy for future selected hybrids with the shorter ASI, higher pollen viability and quantity adapting well to climate change.

全球季节性高温和干旱已成为影响玉米生长和粮食产量的主要限制因素。以华农138 (HN138)和正单958 (ZD958)为实验材料。采用温室试验,研究了玉米抽雄期在高温(H)、干旱(D)和高温+干旱(H + D) 3种胁迫条件下的穗、穗形态发育和籽粒肥力变化。与对照相比,H、D和H + D处理的籽粒产量平均分别下降17.3%、31.2%和45.4%。在自然授粉(H♀× H♂、D♀× D♂)和正授粉(CK♂× H或/和D♀)条件下,胁迫处理的籽粒受精率分别比对照显著降低11.6% ~ 28.7%和6.7% ~ 24.7%,而在反授粉(CK♀× H或/和D♂)条件下,胁迫处理的籽粒受精率分别比对照降低24.2% ~ 48.9%。在单独和联合胁迫下,2个基因型的花粉量、总颖花数、穗密度、生丝活力显著降低,花丝间隔较对照延长0.5 ~ 3.4 d。单独和联合胁迫处理通过协调下调发育中籽粒蔗糖合酶(SS) 16.1% ~ 59.2%和蔗糖-磷酸合酶(SPS)活性2.6% ~ 44.9%来抑制籽粒蔗糖代谢,同时引发蔗糖向叶片和茎的转运,表明胁迫约束下的源库再分配。籽粒产量下降的主要原因是花粉发育迟缓和糖转运受限。这为今后选育ASI短、花粉活力高、花粉数量多、适应气候变化的杂种提供了策略。
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引用次数: 0
Increased Lodging Risk Offsets Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Yield From Postponed Nitrogen With Higher Panicle Fertilisation in Southern China 倒伏风险增加抵消水稻(Oryza sativa L.)华南地区高穗肥延期施氮的产量
IF 2.8 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2025-12-10 DOI: 10.1111/jac.70146
Lin Guo, Rujie Lv, Yunhan Zhang, Yuan Fang, Simin Yi, Xiaohua Pan, Yongjun Zeng, Qingyin Shang

The cultivation strategy of ‘postponed nitrogen with increased panicle fertilization (PNIPF)’ boosts rice yield but the balance between lodging remains unclear. We evaluated three panicle nitrogen ratios (0%, 20% and 40% of total 165 kg N ha−1) in two late indica rice varieties (Meixiangzhan 2 and Taiyou 871) to assess this trade-off. Results demonstrated that: (1) Compared to R0, PNIPF to 20% showed no difference on yield, while R4 raised grain yield by 4.84% and 8.69% but increased lodging index by 30.5% and 35.8% in TY871 and MXZ2. (2) Relative to R0, R4 induced taller plants with elevated center of gravity, reduced culm diameter, diminished culm mechanical strength, and decreased structural carbohydrate content (cellulose −29.2%, lignin −23.8%). The effect of R2 is weaker than R4 on plant morphology. (3) Compared to R0, R4 manifested more profound anatomical deterioration than R2. (4) Significant variety differences existed; PNIPF exhibited a more profound impact on MXZ2 than TY871 by inferior morphological, physiological and anatomical traits. We recommend limiting panicle nitrogen to below 20% to achieve synergistic improvement of yield and lodging resistance in high-quality late indica rice production.

延期施氮加穗肥(PNIPF)的栽培策略提高了水稻产量,但倒伏之间的平衡尚不清楚。本研究以两个晚籼稻品种(梅香盏2号和太优871)为研究对象,评估了3个穗部氮素比例(占总氮素165 kg hm - 1的0%、20%和40%)对这一权衡的影响。结果表明:(1)与r0相比,20%的PNIPF处理对产量无显著影响,而r4处理使TY871和MXZ2的产量分别提高了4.84%和8.69%,倒伏指数分别提高了30.5%和35.8%。(2)相对于R 0, R 4诱导植株较高,植株重心升高,茎秆直径减小,茎秆机械强度降低,结构碳水化合物含量(纤维素- 29.2%,木质素- 23.8%)降低。r2对植株形态的影响弱于r2。(3)与r0相比,r4比r2表现出更严重的解剖退化。(4)品种差异显著;与TY871相比,PNIPF对MXZ2的形态、生理和解剖性状的影响更大。我们建议在优质晚籼稻生产中,将穗氮控制在20%以下,以实现产量和抗倒伏的协同提高。
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引用次数: 0
Drought-Induced Memory Affects Photosynthetic Performance in Potato Cultivars (Solanum tuberosum L.) 干旱记忆对马铃薯品种光合性能的影响
IF 2.8 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1111/jac.70145
Waldemar Marczewski, Alicja Macko-Podgórni, Dominika Boguszewska-Mańkowska, Dorota Sołtys-Kalina, Paulina Smyda-Dajmund, Jarosław Plich, Dariusz Grzebelus

Photosynthesis is the main determinant of crop yield. Drought is reported to be one of the major abiotic stresses that negatively affect photosynthetic capacity. This is the first report on the effect of drought-induced memory on the photosynthetic activity of potato. Two potato cultivars, Cayuga and Dalila, which were grown under non-stressed conditions, were studied. The plants were propagated from seed tubers that were produced by plants grown under non-restricted (non-primed tubers) and restricted (drought-primed tubers) water conditions. In Dalila plants, 14 JIP-test parameters were significantly altered in drought-primed plants, as compared to the control, of which PIinst, PIABS and DFABS showed the highest values. In Cayuga plants, the observed changes in JIP-test parameters were not significant. In contrast, there was no significant variation in the photosynthetic pigment content (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids) in drought-primed Dalila plants, whereas drought-primed Cayuga plants had significantly higher values for leaf pigment content compared to the control. In Dalila and Cayuga plants, cell cycle progression was not affected by drought-induced memory. Gene ontology (GO) annotation and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in drought-primed Dalila plants showed that photosynthesis-related pathways may be essential in response to drought-induced memory. The top three categories included ‘photosynthesis, light harvesting in photosystem I’, ‘response to light stimulus’ and ‘photosynthesis-antenna proteins’. In contrast, only a few DEGs were observed in the progeny of Cayuga-primed vs. Cayuga-non-primed plants. Potato tubers are strong sink organs. Our results suggest that the maintenance or fading of drought-induced memory involves processes related to photosystem activity, which may result in the observed variation in potato tuber productivity under non-stressed conditions.

光合作用是作物产量的主要决定因素。据报道,干旱是影响光合能力的主要非生物胁迫之一。本文首次报道了干旱诱导记忆对马铃薯光合活性的影响。以在非胁迫条件下生长的二个马铃薯品种卡尤加和达利拉为研究对象。这些植物是由在非限制性(非诱导块茎)和限制性(干旱诱导块茎)水分条件下生长的植物产生的种子块茎繁殖而成的。与对照相比,干旱胁迫下Dalila植株的14个JIP测试参数发生了显著变化,其中PI inst、PI ABS和DF ABS值最高。在卡尤加植物中,观察到的JIP - test参数变化不显著。相比之下,干旱胁迫下Dalila植株的光合色素含量(叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素)没有显著变化,而干旱胁迫下Cayuga植株的叶片色素含量显著高于对照。在Dalila和Cayuga植物中,细胞周期进程不受干旱诱导记忆的影响。基因本体(GO)注释和京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG)富集对干旱引发的达利拉植物差异表达基因(DEGs)的分析表明,光合作用相关途径可能对干旱诱导记忆的响应至关重要。排名前三的类别包括“光合作用,光系统I中的光收获”,“对光刺激的反应”和“光合作用-天线蛋白”。相比之下,在Cayuga‐启动植株和Cayuga‐未启动植株的后代中只观察到少量的deg。马铃薯块茎是强大的水槽器官。我们的研究结果表明,干旱诱导记忆的维持或消退涉及与光系统活性相关的过程,这可能导致在非胁迫条件下观察到的马铃薯块茎产量变化。
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引用次数: 0
Responses of Sweet Maize (Zea mays L.) Yield and Kernel Quality to High-Temperature Seasons in South China 甜玉米(Zea mays L.)的响应华南地区高温季节的产量和籽粒品质
IF 2.8 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2025-12-08 DOI: 10.1111/jac.70144
Junhao Xiang, Xiaoyin Chen, Jingtong Lei, Fucheng Zhao, Hailiang Han, Xiaolong Wang, Shiyuan Deng, Jianjun Chen, Ping Zhang, Yuanyuan Wang

High temperatures impact sweet maize production; however, their specific effects on grain yield and kernel quality across different growing seasons remain unquantified. This study investigated high-temperature season effects, evaluated the yield and kernel quality responses in two sweet maize hybrids with different heat tolerance, and analysed the response mechanisms of dry matter accumulation (DMC), flowering, and grain filling in South China. Two contrasting sweet maize hybrids were planted annually in spring, summer, and autumn over a 2-year field experiment in Guangdong, South China. An evaluation of extreme degree days at different growth stages revealed that the sweet maize crops experienced high-temperature stress during their reproductive stages in the spring and summer growing seasons. In the high-temperature season, ‘HMT8’ showed heat sensitivity, with the grain yield significantly decreasing because of the lower kernel weight. The reduced grain-filling rates, especially in the early stages, contributed to lower kernel weight, which may be related to the decreased leaf area index (LAI) and post-anthesis DMC. Comparatively, ‘GLT27’ was heat-tolerant, with the grain yield slightly increasing because of the increased kernel number. However, it appeared cold-sensitive during the grain-filling stages in autumn. ‘GLT27’ exhibited stable or slightly increased pollen viability, LAI, post-anthesis DMC, and grain-filling rates. Furthermore, both hybrids showed reduced sucrose and elevated free amino acid content in the high-temperature seasons. Early grain-filling and post-anthesis DMC rather than reproductive organ viability may limit sweet maize during high-temperature seasons. Managing crops by selecting varieties and cultivation practices for different annual growing seasons is crucial.

高温影响甜玉米生产;然而,不同生长季节对籽粒产量和籽粒品质的具体影响尚未量化。研究了高温季节效应,评价了两个不同耐热性甜玉米杂交种对产量和籽粒品质的响应,并分析了干物质积累、开花和灌浆的响应机制。在广东进行了一项为期2年的田间试验,每年分别在春、夏、秋三季种植两种对比鲜明的甜玉米杂交种。对不同生育阶段极端高温日数的评价表明,甜玉米作物在春夏季生育阶段经历了高温胁迫。在高温季节,HMT8表现出热敏性,由于粒重降低,籽粒产量显著下降。灌浆速率的降低,尤其是前期灌浆速率的降低,导致籽粒重的降低,这可能与叶面积指数(LAI)和花后DMC的降低有关。相比之下,GLT27耐热,由于籽粒数增加,籽粒产量略有提高。然而,在秋季灌浆阶段,它表现出冷敏感性。‘GLT27’的花粉活力、LAI、花后DMC和籽粒灌浆率表现出稳定或略有提高。此外,两种杂交种在高温季节均表现出蔗糖含量降低和游离氨基酸含量升高的现象。在高温季节,早期灌浆和开花后的DMC而不是生殖器官活力可能限制甜玉米的生长。根据不同的生长季节选择品种和耕作方法来管理作物是至关重要的。
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引用次数: 0
Selection of Wheat Genotypes for Drought Adaptation and Yield Response Using Tolerance Indices and Biplot Analysis 利用耐受性指数和双图分析选择小麦干旱适应和产量响应的基因型
IF 2.8 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2025-12-04 DOI: 10.1111/jac.70139
Theresa M. Bapela, Seltene A. Tesfamariam, Toi J. Tsilo, Hussein Shimelis
<p>Drought-adapted new-generation wheat genotypes enhance production and productivity in water-limited agroecologies, including South Africa. Therefore, drought-tolerant wheat ideotypes need to be bred and deployed using economic traits and tolerance indices. The aim of this study was to evaluate genetically diverse wheat genotypes and select drought-adapted lines based on yield response, tolerance indices and genetic groups using biplot analyses for breeding and production. Ninety-eight wheat genotypes were assessed in five environments, that is, two seasons and three sites under drought-stressed (DS) and non-stressed (NS) growing conditions using an alpha lattice design with two replications. Grain yield (GY) was recorded, and yield-based 10 drought-tolerance indices were computed for genotype selection and comparison of test environments using the genotype plus genotype by environment interaction (GGE) biplot model. The mean GY values of the test genotypes in descending order across the five environments (E) were 1.59 t ha<sup>−1</sup> (Bethlehem site in 2022, designated as BHM-E2), 1.57 t ha<sup>−1</sup> (Kransfontein in 2021, KRANS-E4), 1.03 t ha<sup>−1</sup> (Ficksburg in 2021, FICKS-E3), 0.63 t ha<sup>−1</sup> (Bethlehemin 2021, BHM-E1) and 0.58 t ha<sup>−1</sup> (Kransfontein in 2022, KRANS-E5). The following genotypes were the best yielders: LM29, LM9 and at BHM-E1, BHM-E2, FICKS-E3 and KRANS-E4; LM59, LM63, LM66 and LM67 at BHM-E2, FICKS-E3 and KRANS-E4; and LM83 at BHM-E1, BHM-E2 and FICKS-E3. The genotypes LM59, LM25, LM84, LM96, LM23 and LM39 exhibited low tolerance (TOL), susceptibility index (SSI) and high mean productivity (MP), geometric mean productivity (GMP), drought index (DI), yield index (YI), yield stability index (YSI) and relative drought index (RDI) values in a desirable trend. Correlation analysis revealed a strong association (<i>p</i> < 0.001) between mean GY in non-stressed conditions (<i>Y</i><sub><i>p</i></sub>) and drought tolerance indices such as TOL (<i>r</i> = 0.87), MP (<i>r</i> = 0.77), SSI (<i>r</i> = 0.72), SDI (<i>r</i> = 0.72), GMP (<i>r</i> = 0.65) and STI (<i>r</i> = 0.54). In contrast, the mean GY in stressed conditions (<i>Y</i><sub><i>s</i></sub>) positively and significantly (<i>p</i> < 0.001) correlated with YI (<i>r</i> = 1.00), DI (<i>r</i> = 0.97), RDI (<i>r</i> = 0.73), YSI (<i>r</i> = 0.73), GMP (<i>r</i> = 0.51) and MP (<i>r</i> = 0.41). The indices were invaluable in identifying relatively high-yielding and drought-tolerant wheat genotypes, and their combined use could be effective for screening drought tolerance in wheat breeding programmes. Based on GGE biplot analysis, genotypes LM6, LM9, LM30, LM64, LM83 and LM95 were discerned to be stable and high-yielding in the test environments. Developing new breeding populations is recommended using the above complementary selections through combining ability tests and progeny selection for yield and agronomic traits performance for variet
适应干旱的新一代小麦基因型提高了水资源有限的农业生态系统的产量和生产力,包括南非。因此,需要利用经济性状和耐旱性指标来培育和配置耐旱性小麦理想型。本研究的目的是评估小麦基因型的遗传多样性,并基于产量响应、耐受性指数和遗传群,利用双图分析方法选择适合干旱的小麦品系进行育种和生产。在干旱胁迫(DS)和非干旱胁迫(NS)生长条件下,采用2个重复的α晶格设计,对5种环境下的98个小麦基因型进行了评估。采用基因型+基因型环境相互作用(GGE)双图模型,记录粮食产量,计算基于产量的10项抗旱指标,进行基因型选择和试验环境比较。5个环境(E)中检测基因型的平均GY值由高到低依次为1.59 t ha - 1(伯利恒,2022年,称为BHM‐E2)、1.57 t ha - 1 (Kransfontein, 2021年,KRANS‐E4)、1.03 t ha - 1(菲克斯堡,2021年,FICKS‐E3)、0.63 t ha - 1(伯利恒,2021年,BHM‐E1)和0.58 t ha - 1 (Kransfontein, 2022年,KRANS‐E5)。以下基因型产量最高:LM29、LM9和BHM‐E1、BHM‐E2、FICKS‐E3和KRANS‐E4;LM59、LM63、LM66和LM67在BHM‐E2、FICKS‐E3和KRANS‐E4中的表达;BHM‐E1, BHM‐E2和FICKS‐E3的LM83。LM59、LM25、LM84、LM96、LM23和LM39均表现出较低的耐受性(TOL)、敏感性指数(SSI)和较高的平均生产力(MP)、几何平均生产力(GMP)、干旱指数(DI)、产量指数(YI)、产量稳定指数(YSI)和相对干旱指数(RDI)。相关分析显示,非胁迫条件下的平均GY (Y p)与TOL (r = 0.87)、MP (r = 0.77)、SSI (r = 0.72)、SDI (r = 0.72)、GMP (r = 0.65)和STI (r = 0.54)等耐旱性指标有很强的相关性(p < 0.001)。相反,应激条件下平均GY (Y s)与YI (r = 1.00)、DI (r = 0.97)、RDI (r = 0.73)、YSI (r = 0.73)、GMP (r = 0.51)和MP (r = 0.41)呈正相关且显著(p < 0.001)。这些指标对于确定相对高产和耐旱的小麦基因型具有宝贵的价值,它们的组合使用可以有效地筛选小麦育种计划中的耐旱性。基于GGE双图分析,LM6、LM9、LM30、LM64、LM83和LM95基因型在试验环境中稳定高产。建议利用上述互补选育,通过配合力试验和产量和农艺性状的后代选择,开发新的育种群体,以便品种登记和发布。
{"title":"Selection of Wheat Genotypes for Drought Adaptation and Yield Response Using Tolerance Indices and Biplot Analysis","authors":"Theresa M. Bapela,&nbsp;Seltene A. Tesfamariam,&nbsp;Toi J. Tsilo,&nbsp;Hussein Shimelis","doi":"10.1111/jac.70139","DOIUrl":"10.1111/jac.70139","url":null,"abstract":"&lt;p&gt;Drought-adapted new-generation wheat genotypes enhance production and productivity in water-limited agroecologies, including South Africa. Therefore, drought-tolerant wheat ideotypes need to be bred and deployed using economic traits and tolerance indices. The aim of this study was to evaluate genetically diverse wheat genotypes and select drought-adapted lines based on yield response, tolerance indices and genetic groups using biplot analyses for breeding and production. Ninety-eight wheat genotypes were assessed in five environments, that is, two seasons and three sites under drought-stressed (DS) and non-stressed (NS) growing conditions using an alpha lattice design with two replications. Grain yield (GY) was recorded, and yield-based 10 drought-tolerance indices were computed for genotype selection and comparison of test environments using the genotype plus genotype by environment interaction (GGE) biplot model. The mean GY values of the test genotypes in descending order across the five environments (E) were 1.59 t ha&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt; (Bethlehem site in 2022, designated as BHM-E2), 1.57 t ha&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt; (Kransfontein in 2021, KRANS-E4), 1.03 t ha&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt; (Ficksburg in 2021, FICKS-E3), 0.63 t ha&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt; (Bethlehemin 2021, BHM-E1) and 0.58 t ha&lt;sup&gt;−1&lt;/sup&gt; (Kransfontein in 2022, KRANS-E5). The following genotypes were the best yielders: LM29, LM9 and at BHM-E1, BHM-E2, FICKS-E3 and KRANS-E4; LM59, LM63, LM66 and LM67 at BHM-E2, FICKS-E3 and KRANS-E4; and LM83 at BHM-E1, BHM-E2 and FICKS-E3. The genotypes LM59, LM25, LM84, LM96, LM23 and LM39 exhibited low tolerance (TOL), susceptibility index (SSI) and high mean productivity (MP), geometric mean productivity (GMP), drought index (DI), yield index (YI), yield stability index (YSI) and relative drought index (RDI) values in a desirable trend. Correlation analysis revealed a strong association (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001) between mean GY in non-stressed conditions (&lt;i&gt;Y&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;) and drought tolerance indices such as TOL (&lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt; = 0.87), MP (&lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt; = 0.77), SSI (&lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt; = 0.72), SDI (&lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt; = 0.72), GMP (&lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt; = 0.65) and STI (&lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt; = 0.54). In contrast, the mean GY in stressed conditions (&lt;i&gt;Y&lt;/i&gt;&lt;sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;s&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;) positively and significantly (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt; &lt; 0.001) correlated with YI (&lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt; = 1.00), DI (&lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt; = 0.97), RDI (&lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt; = 0.73), YSI (&lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt; = 0.73), GMP (&lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt; = 0.51) and MP (&lt;i&gt;r&lt;/i&gt; = 0.41). The indices were invaluable in identifying relatively high-yielding and drought-tolerant wheat genotypes, and their combined use could be effective for screening drought tolerance in wheat breeding programmes. Based on GGE biplot analysis, genotypes LM6, LM9, LM30, LM64, LM83 and LM95 were discerned to be stable and high-yielding in the test environments. Developing new breeding populations is recommended using the above complementary selections through combining ability tests and progeny selection for yield and agronomic traits performance for variet","PeriodicalId":14864,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science","volume":"212 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2025-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jac.70139","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145664550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Transcriptomic Reconfiguration of Signal Transduction and Energy Metabolism Pathways Under Prolonged Heat Stress During Flowering in Brassica napus 长时间高温胁迫下甘蓝型油菜花期信号转导和能量代谢途径的转录组重组
IF 2.8 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2025-12-03 DOI: 10.1111/jac.70143
Sana Basharat, Wajid Saeed, Pingwu Liu, Muhammad Waseem

Rapeseed is an essential source of edible oil, primarily cultivated in temperate regions worldwide. This crop exhibits a marked sensitivity to elevated temperatures, particularly during the stages preceding and following flowering. The ongoing challenges posed by global climate change and increasing temperatures significantly threaten its yield. It is essential to elucidate the dynamics of rapeseed's response to sustained heat stress (HS), especially during the flowering phase, to advance research on enhancing its heat tolerance. In the present study, we analysed transcriptomic modifications in rapeseed plants subjected to HS at 33°C, spanning from the pre-flowering stage to the commencement of blooming. Our findings revealed that rapeseed produced diminutive flowers with nonviable pollen and exhibited a decline in pistil receptivity. Transcriptome analysis revealed that 5588 and 5994 genes were upregulated and downregulated, respectively. KEGG enrichment analysis demonstrated that these DEGs were linked to hormone signal transduction pathways, energy metabolism (including starch and sucrose metabolism and glutathione metabolism), and plant-specific MAPK signalling pathways. Furthermore, genes encoding reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging enzymes and heat shock transcription factors were prominently expressed under HS conditions. This study provides foundational insights into the mechanisms underlying heat tolerance in rapeseed and holds significant implications for the genetic enhancement of heat-tolerant rapeseed varieties.

油菜籽是食用油的重要来源,主要在全球温带地区种植。这种作物对高温表现出明显的敏感性,特别是在开花前后的阶段。全球气候变化和气温上升带来的持续挑战严重威胁着其产量。阐明油菜籽对持续热胁迫(HS)的响应动态,特别是在花期,对提高油菜籽耐热性的研究具有重要意义。在本研究中,我们分析了油菜植株在33°C高温下的转录组修饰,从开花前期到开花开始。研究结果表明,油菜籽的花较小,花粉不活,雌蕊接受性下降。转录组分析显示,5588个基因上调,5994个基因下调。KEGG富集分析表明,这些deg与激素信号转导途径、能量代谢(包括淀粉和蔗糖代谢和谷胱甘肽代谢)以及植物特异性MAPK信号通路有关。此外,编码活性氧(ROS)清除酶和热休克转录因子的基因在HS条件下显著表达。该研究为油菜籽耐热性机制的研究提供了基础见解,并对耐热油菜籽品种的遗传增强具有重要意义。
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引用次数: 0
Harnessing the Potential of Foliar Spray of Nitrogen Sources and Growth Hormones in Alleviating the Waterlogging Stress in Maize 利用氮源叶面喷施和生长激素缓解玉米涝渍胁迫的潜力
IF 2.8 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2025-12-02 DOI: 10.1111/jac.70141
E. Senthamil, Hanamant M. Halli, S. S. Angadi, S. R. Salakinkop, Vinay M. Gangana Gowdra, Sandeep B. Adavi, P. S. Basavaraj, C. B. Harisha, K. M. Boraiah, K. Sammi Reddy

Increasing waterlogging events due to intense rainfall pose a significant threat to global food security, risking the production of the third most important staple crop, maize by 25%–34%. Therefore, futuristic studies focusing on understanding the stage-wise response of maize to varying intensities of waterlogging, along with effective mitigation strategies, are essential. In this context, studies were conducted over 2 years (2022–23 and 2023–24), involving three factors: crop growth stages, different waterlogging durations, and mitigation strategies. Among the growth stages, waterlogging at 15 days after emergence (DAE) was found to be the most sensitive, resulting in poor root morphological features, impaired physiological activities, and the highest grain yield reduction (46.01%). In contrast, maize plants exhibited higher tolerance to waterlogging at 25 DAE. Similarly, increasing waterlogging duration from 3 to 15 days consistently reduced maize growth and grain yield. Regarding mitigation strategies, foliar application of urea (2%) improved stomatal conductance by 41.32%, net photosynthetic rate by 36.03%, and dry matter accumulation compared to water-sprayed plants. Consequently, it increased grain yield by 17.37%, enhancing stress tolerance and yield stability. Notably, urea spray (2%) on plants subjected to 3–5 days of waterlogging at 25 DAE effectively prevented the negative impacts of waterlogging on grain yield by promoting superior growth and yield-determining traits. Thus, this study demonstrates that foliar application of 2% urea is an effective and practical strategy to minimise waterlogging-induced yield losses by enhancing stress recovery and tolerance in maize.

强降雨导致的内涝事件日益增多,对全球粮食安全构成重大威胁,使第三大主粮作物玉米的产量面临25%-34%的风险。因此,未来的研究重点是了解玉米对不同程度的内涝的阶段性反应,以及有效的缓解策略,这是至关重要的。在此背景下,研究进行了两年(2022-23年和2023-24年),涉及三个因素:作物生长阶段、不同的内涝持续时间和缓解策略。各生育期中,出苗期15 d涝渍最为敏感,导致根系形态特征变差,生理活动受损,籽粒减产幅度最大(46.01%)。相比之下,玉米植株在25 DAE时表现出更高的耐涝能力。同样,将涝渍时间从3天增加到15天,会持续降低玉米生长和粮食产量。在缓解策略方面,叶面施用尿素(2%)比喷水植株气孔导度提高41.32%,净光合速率提高36.03%,干物质积累也提高。增产17.37%,提高了抗逆性和产量稳定性。值得注意的是,在25 DAE条件下,对淹水3-5天的植株喷施2%尿素,通过促进优良生长和决定产量的性状,有效防止了淹水对籽粒产量的负面影响。因此,本研究表明,叶面施用2%尿素是一种有效和实用的策略,可以通过提高玉米的抗逆性和耐受性来减少涝渍引起的产量损失。
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引用次数: 0
Regulation of Maize (Zea mays L.) Silk Extension Tolerance to Moderate Drought Stress Associated With Sucrose Metabolism, Phytohormone and Secondary Metabolism 玉米法规(Zea mays L.)蚕丝对中度干旱胁迫的耐受性与蔗糖代谢、植物激素和次生代谢的关系
IF 2.8 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2025-11-29 DOI: 10.1111/jac.70140
Yi Yu, Zhiwei Wang, Wangjing Li, Liyuan Chen, Wenze Chen, Xiaolong Cai, Yong-Hua Liu, Ashley Jones, Youhong Song

Drought stress prior to anthesis slows down maize silk extension and thus causes the greater anthesis and silking interval, resulting in a significant reduction in grain set. This study aims to characterise the transcriptional and physiological responses of silk elongation to moderate drought stress. A trial of two hybrids with contrasting drought tolerance, AN591 and ZD909, under well-watered (WW) and moderate flowering drought stress (FDS) conditions was performed. Compared to the WW group, the silking under FDS was delayed by 1 day in AN591 and by 3.3 days in ZD909, suggesting that AN591 exhibits greater resilience to FDS than ZD909. The comparative transcriptomic profiling between FDS and WW for both hybrids highlighted the significance of sugar metabolism in promoting silk elongation, while also identifying phenylalanine metabolism and phytohormone signalling as inhibitory factors. Pathways exclusive to AN591 were largely linked to carbon and energy metabolism, while those in ZD909 were primarily associated with stress defence, suggesting AN591 was better adapted to FDS. Physiological assays confirmed that stronger sucrose decomposition in AN591, regulated by cell wall invertase, alleviated FDS-induced suppression on silk elongation. This may also explain its reduced lignin synthesis and other defence responses. Conversely, the unique phytohormone signalling in ZD909, characterised by negative auxin response and positive abscisic acid response, may further exacerbate the inhibitory effect on silk elongation by driving more sugar consumption. Together, combined transcriptomic and physiological analyses revealed that the trade-off between growth and defence was mediated through adjustments in sucrose metabolism, phytohormone signalling and secondary metabolic pathways.

开花前的干旱胁迫减缓了玉米丝的伸长,从而导致开花和吐丝间隔的延长,从而导致结实率的显著降低。本研究旨在研究蚕丝伸长对中度干旱胁迫的转录和生理反应。在水分充足(WW)和中度开花干旱胁迫(FDS)条件下,对两个抗旱性比较强的杂交品种AN591和ZD909进行了试验。与WW组相比,FDS处理下AN591的吐丝时间延迟了1天,ZD909的吐丝时间延迟了3.3天,说明AN591对FDS的抗逆性强于ZD909。FDS和WW两种杂交种的转录组分析结果表明,糖代谢在促进蚕丝伸长方面具有重要意义,同时还发现苯丙氨酸代谢和植物激素信号传导是抑制因子。AN591特有的途径主要与碳和能量代谢有关,而ZD909中的途径主要与应激防御有关,这表明AN591更适应FDS。生理实验证实,AN591在细胞壁转化酶的调控下,更强的蔗糖分解,减轻了FDS诱导的丝伸长抑制。这也可以解释其减少木质素合成和其他防御反应。相反,ZD909特有的植物激素信号,以生长素负响应和脱落酸正响应为特征,可能通过驱动更多的糖消耗进一步加剧对丝伸长的抑制作用。综合转录组学和生理学分析表明,生长和防御之间的权衡是通过调节蔗糖代谢、植物激素信号传导和次级代谢途径来调节的。
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引用次数: 0
Heat Stress Response in the Male Gametophyte of Early Maturing Varieties of Soybean (Glycine max) 大豆早熟品种(Glycine max)雄性配子体对热胁迫的响应
IF 2.8 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2025-11-28 DOI: 10.1111/jac.70137
Madeleine Stokes, Anja Geitmann

The cultivation of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is becoming more widespread for its desirable high protein content and versatile use as a feed crop and key ingredient for transformed food products. However, high temperatures attributed to climate change continue to present challenges for crop productivity and yield, thus impacting global food security. Seed set in soybean requires fertilisation, and the performance of the male gametophyte (pollen) is thus a fundamental element determining yield. Pollen is highly susceptible to heat stress and in particular the progamic phase—the growth of the pollen tube through the female flower tissues—is highly sensitive even to short and moderate temperature shocks. To determine the impact of high temperature stress on soybean reproduction in early maturing varieties, pollen from three different soybean lines in MG00 was exposed to high temperature treatments. Mean cardinal temperatures (Tmin, Topt, Tmax) were established to be 10.3°C, 30.2°C, and 50.1°C, respectively, for coupled pollen tube length and 12.0°C, 33.7°C and 55.4°C, respectively, for uncoupled pollen tube length. Topt and Tmax for pollen germination were at 21.6°C and 54.6°C, respectively. This suggests that high temperature stress affects all stages of the progamic phase in early maturing soybean varieties with pollen germination being more susceptible than pollen tube growth. A decrease in both pollen germination rate and pollen tube length was observed in vitro at temperatures above optimum (Topt). Pointing at cellular processes particularly affected by temperature stress were observations of aberrant callose accumulation at the growing tip of heat-stressed pollen tubes while cellulose distribution was unaltered.

大豆(Glycine max (L.))的栽培由于其理想的高蛋白含量和作为饲料作物的多种用途以及转化食品的关键成分,小麦正变得越来越普遍。然而,气候变化导致的高温继续对作物生产力和产量构成挑战,从而影响全球粮食安全。大豆的结实需要受精,因此雄性配子体(花粉)的表现是决定产量的基本因素。花粉对热胁迫非常敏感,特别是在程序阶段——花粉管通过雌花组织的生长——即使对短而中等的温度冲击也非常敏感。为研究高温胁迫对早熟品种大豆生殖的影响,以MG00 3个不同大豆品系的花粉进行高温处理。偶联花粉管长度的平均基数温度(T min、T opt、T max)分别为10.3°C、30.2°C和50.1°C,未偶联花粉管长度的平均基数温度分别为12.0°C、33.7°C和55.4°C。在21.6°C和54.6°C时,花粉萌发的最佳T值和最大T值分别为21.6°C和54.6°C。这说明高温胁迫对早熟大豆品种程序期的各个阶段都有影响,其中花粉萌发比花粉管生长更敏感。在离体温度高于最佳温度(T opt)时,花粉发芽率和花粉管长度均下降。温度胁迫下的花粉管生长端胼胝质积累异常,而纤维素分布未发生改变,这表明细胞过程特别受温度胁迫的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Combined Drought and Heat Stress Reduce Soybean Yield by Limiting the Number of Nodes Per Branch in a Temperature Gradient Chamber 干旱和高温联合胁迫通过限制温度梯度室中每个分枝的节点数来降低大豆产量
IF 2.8 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2025-11-24 DOI: 10.1111/jac.70138
Yanchao Liu, Keisuke Mizuta, Masahiro Morokuma, Masanori Toyota

Climate-induced increases in temperature and water scarcity threaten global soybean production. While the individual effects of drought or heat stress on yield are well documented, their combined impact on specific yield components remains poorly defined. To address this gap, we conducted a two-year study in Japan using a temperature gradient chamber and a single soybean cultivar. The study applied four temperature gradients under well-watered and drought stress conditions to examine seed yield and its components. Combined drought and heat stress reduced total yield more than either stress alone. In 2024, average yield under combined stress declined by 19.4% compared to 2023, coinciding with an increase of 1.5 kPa in maximum vapour pressure deficit and 2.5°C in maximum temperature. This yield reduction was primarily attributed to lower seed weight on branches rather than on the main stem. Pearson correlation and multiple regression analyses identified the number of nodes per branch as the key yield determinant under stress conditions. We further found that the transition from vegetative growth to beginning bloom was the most stress-sensitive stage. During this period, maximum temperature and vapour pressure deficit reached 53.3°C and 10.7 kPa, significantly inhibiting node formation on branches and limiting subsequent pod and seed set. These findings advance understanding of how concurrent drought and heat stress constrain soybean yield through specific developmental pathways, and underscore the need to incorporate branch-level traits into stress-resilient breeding strategies.

气候引起的温度升高和水资源短缺威胁着全球大豆生产。虽然干旱或热胁迫对产量的个别影响已得到充分记录,但它们对特定产量组成部分的综合影响仍不明确。为了解决这一差距,我们在日本进行了为期两年的研究,使用温度梯度室和单一大豆品种。本研究在水分充足和干旱胁迫条件下采用四种温度梯度来考察种子产量及其构成因素。干旱和高温联合胁迫比单独胁迫对总产量的降低更大。与2023年相比,2024年复合胁迫下的平均产率下降了19.4%,最大蒸汽压差增加了1.5 kPa,最高温度增加了2.5°C。这种产量下降主要是由于枝条上的种子重量比主茎上的种子重量低。Pearson相关分析和多元回归分析表明,在逆境条件下,每根树枝的节点数是决定产量的关键因素。我们进一步发现,从营养生长到开始开花的过渡阶段是对胁迫最敏感的阶段。在此期间,最高温度和蒸汽压差达到53.3°C和10.7 kPa,显著抑制了枝节的形成,限制了随后的荚果和种子的结实率。这些发现促进了对干旱和热胁迫如何通过特定的发育途径限制大豆产量的理解,并强调了将分支水平性状纳入胁迫抗性育种策略的必要性。
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引用次数: 0
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