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Drought Priming Promotes Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Under Drought Stress During Grain Filling 在干旱胁迫下,小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)在籽粒灌浆期的氮素利用效率比干旱前要高
IF 3.7 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2024-09-02 DOI: 10.1111/jac.12753
Jiawei He, Yujie He, Jian Cai, Qin Zhou, Yingxin Zhong, Dong Jiang, Xiao Wang

Drought stress significantly challenges wheat production globally, and drought priming has emerged as an effective strategy to mitigate yield loss under drought stress events. However, the effect of drought priming on plant nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) remains insufficiently understood. This study investigates the effects of drought priming at the six-leaf stage on NUE under drought stress during grain filling in four wheat varieties with distinct responses to drought priming. Our results indicate that there is no correlation between inherent drought tolerance and the effects of drought priming among the wheat varieties studied. In priming-sensitive varieties, drought-primed plants exhibited significant improvements in grain yield and NUE under drought stress compared to non-primed plants. Conversely, priming-insensitive varieties showed no significant differences in yield or NUE between primed and non-primed plants under similar conditions. Notably, under drought stress, primed plants exhibited higher yield and NUE than non-primed plants in drought priming positive variety, while the opposite trend was observed in drought priming negative response variety. The enhancement of NUE through drought priming was associated with improved nitrogen uptake efficiency and its allocation to spikes, with abscisic acid accumulation playing a pivotal role. These findings provide valuable insights into the mechanisms by which drought priming enhances NUE under drought stress, contributing to the development of sustainable agricultural practices amid climate change.

干旱胁迫是全球小麦生产面临的重大挑战,而干旱启动已成为减轻干旱胁迫事件下产量损失的有效策略。然而,人们对干旱启动对植物氮利用效率(NUE)的影响仍然了解不足。本研究调查了四个对干旱启动有不同反应的小麦品种在六叶期干旱启动对籽粒灌浆期干旱胁迫下氮利用效率的影响。我们的研究结果表明,在所研究的小麦品种中,固有的耐旱性与干旱引诱效应之间没有相关性。在对干旱引诱敏感的品种中,与未进行干旱引诱的植株相比,干旱引诱植株在干旱胁迫下的谷物产量和净效率都有显著提高。相反,对引诱不敏感的品种在类似条件下,引诱过的植株和未引诱过的植株在产量和净效率方面没有明显差异。值得注意的是,在干旱胁迫下,干旱引诱阳性反应品种的引诱植株比非引诱植株的产量和净利用效率更高,而干旱引诱阴性反应品种的趋势则相反。通过干旱引诱提高氮利用效率与提高氮吸收效率及其在穗上的分配有关,脱落酸积累起着关键作用。这些发现为研究干旱胁迫下干旱引诱提高氮利用效率的机制提供了有价值的见解,有助于在气候变化中发展可持续农业实践。
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引用次数: 0
Nitrogen Supply Mitigates Heat Stress on Photosynthesis of Maize (Zea mays L.) During Early Grain Filling by Improving Nitrogen Assimilation 通过改善氮同化,氮供应可减轻玉米(Zea mays L.)早期籽粒灌浆期光合作用所受的热胁迫
IF 3.7 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2024-08-21 DOI: 10.1111/jac.12750
Dong Guo, Rui Wang, Chuanyong Chen, Baozhong Yin, Zaisong Ding, Xinbing Wang, Ming Zhao, Baoyuan Zhou

High temperature during early grain-filling stage is one of the serious abiotic stresses limiting maize yield in the North China Plain. Nitrogen (N) fertiliser has an important role in promoting crop growth, especially under abiotic stresses. However, its contribution to alleviating heat stress (HS) inhibition on maize photosynthesis during early grain-filling stage is still unclear. Experiments with three N rates (LN, low nitrogen; MN, medium nitrogen; HN, high nitrogen) and two temperature (HS, heat stress; CK, ambient temperature as control) regimes were conducted to examine the effects of increasing N supply on photosynthesis, N assimilation, antioxidant system, and hormones homeostasis of maize during early grain-filling stage using two maize hybrids Xianyu335 (XY335, heat-sensitive) and Zhengdan (ZD958, heat-tolerant). HS negatively affected photosynthesis of both two hybrids, exhibited lower net photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll content and activities of Rubisco and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPC) compared with CK, and then decreased dry matter accumulation of maize, with a lesser extent for ZD958 than XY335. However, increasing N supply alleviated the adverse effects of HS on maize photosynthesis due to improved N assimilation capacity. Under HS condition, greater N content and higher activities of glutamine synthetase and glutamate synthase in maize ear leaf were found in treatment of HN compared with LN and MN. HN with higher N assimilation capacity directly increased the net photosynthetic rate due to improved chlorophyll content, activities of Rubisco and PEPC and antioxidant capacity. HS-induced abscisic acid (ABA) accumulation was also repressed by HN, and then enhanced the stomatal conductance and transpiration rate to maintain higher photosynthetic capacity compared with LN and MN. Moreover, the positive effects of increasing N supply on maize photosynthesis under HS condition exhibited a larger extent for XY335 than ZD958. As a result of improved photosynthesis and N assimilation capacity by adequate N supply, maize accumulated more biomass under HS, especially for heat-sensitive hybrid.

籽粒灌浆初期的高温是限制华北平原玉米产量的严重非生物胁迫之一。氮肥对促进作物生长具有重要作用,尤其是在非生物胁迫条件下。然而,氮肥在缓解玉米早期籽粒灌浆期热胁迫(HS)对其光合作用的抑制作用方面的作用尚不清楚。本实验采用三种氮率(LN,低氮;MN,中氮;HN,高氮)和两种温度(HS,热胁迫;CK,作为对照的环境温度),以两个玉米杂交种鲜玉 335(XY335,热敏感)和正丹(ZD958,耐热)为研究对象,考察了增加氮供应对玉米早期籽粒灌浆期光合作用、氮同化、抗氧化系统和激素平衡的影响。与 CK 相比,HS 对这两种杂交种的光合作用都产生了负面影响,表现出较低的净光合速率、叶绿素含量以及 Rubisco 和磷酸烯醇丙酮酸羧化酶(PEPC)活性,进而降低了玉米的干物质积累,但 ZD958 的影响程度低于 XY335。然而,由于提高了氮的同化能力,增加氮的供应减轻了 HS 对玉米光合作用的不利影响。在 HS 条件下,与 LN 和 MN 相比,HN 处理的玉米穗叶中氮含量更高,谷氨酰胺合成酶和谷氨酸合成酶的活性也更高。由于叶绿素含量、Rubisco 和 PEPC 活性以及抗氧化能力的提高,具有较高氮同化能力的 HN 直接提高了净光合速率。与 LN 和 MN 相比,HS 诱导的脱落酸(ABA)积累也受到 HN 的抑制,进而提高了气孔导度和蒸腾速率,以维持更高的光合能力。此外,在 HS 条件下,增加氮供应量对玉米光合作用的积极影响在 XY335 上表现得比在 ZD958 上更明显。由于充足的氮供应提高了光合作用和氮同化能力,玉米在 HS 条件下积累了更多的生物量,尤其是对热敏感的杂交种。
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引用次数: 0
Responses of Leaf Expansion, Plant Transpiration and Leaf Senescence of Different Soybean (Glycine max. (L.) Merr.) Genotypes to Soil Water Deficit 不同大豆(Glycine max.基因型对土壤缺水的响应
IF 3.7 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2024-08-21 DOI: 10.1111/jac.12746
Lin Kang, Philippe Debaeke, Céline Schoving, Pierre Maury

The responses of eco-physiological processes such as leaf expansion, plant transpiration and senescence to soil water deficit have been reported to be genotype-dependent in different crops. To study such responses in soybean (Glycine max. (L.) Merr.), a 2-year (2017 and 2021) outdoor pot experiment was carried out on the Heliaphen automated phenotyping platform at INRAE in Toulouse (France). Six soybean cultivars (Sultana-MG 000, ES Pallador-MG I, Isidor-MG I, Santana-MG I/II, Blancas-MG II and Ecudor-MG II) belonging to four maturity groups (MG) commonly grown in Europe were subjected to progressive soil water deficit from the reproductive stage R1 for 17 and 23 days in 2017 and 2021, respectively. The fraction of transpirable soil water (FTSW) was used as an indicator of soil water deficit. Non-linear regression was used to calculate FTSWt, that is, the FTSW threshold for which the rate of the eco-physiological process in stressed plants starts to diverge from a reference value. According to FTSWt, the three eco-physiological processes showed significant differences in sensitivity to water deficit: leaf expansion exhibits the highest sensitivity and the widest range (FTSWt: 0.44–0.93), followed by plant transpiration (FTSWt: 0.17–0.56), with leaf senescence showing the narrowest range (FTSWt: 0.05–0.16). Among six cultivars, regarding leaf expansion, Cvs Santana (FTSWt = 0.48 in 2017; FTSWt = 0.44 in 2021), Blancas (FTSWt = 0.51 in 2017; FTSWt = 0.48 in 2021) and Ecudor (FTSWt = 0.46 in 2017; FTSWt = 0.52 in 2021) in late MGs (I/II to II) exhibited higher tolerance to soil drying. Conversely, the cv. Sultana in the earliest MG (000) showed the highest sensitivity (FTSWt = 0.91 in 2017; FTSWt = 0.93 in 2021) to water deficit. However, concerning the FTSWt values for plant transpiration (0.17–0.56 in 2017; 0.19–0.31 in 2021) and senescence (0.05–0.16 in 2017; 0.06–0.16 in 2021), their range did not demonstrate a correlated trend with the MG. In addition, a negative linear correlation was observed between values of FTSWt of normalised leaf expansion at the whole-plant level (NLE) and specific leaf area (SLA) measured on irrigated plants for both years. This suggests that genotypes with high values of SLA could be associated with higher tolerance of leaf expansion to soil water deficit. Such a non-destructive phenotyping method under outdoor conditions could bring new information to variety testing process and provide paths for integrating genotypic variability into crop growth models used for simulating soybean eco-physiological responses to water deficit across the plant, field and even regional scales.

据报道,不同作物的生态生理过程(如叶片膨大、植物蒸腾和衰老)对土壤缺水的反应取决于基因型。为了研究大豆(Glycine max. (L.) Merr.)的这种反应,在法国图卢兹国家农业研究院(INRAE)的Heliaphen自动表型平台上进行了为期两年(2017年和2021年)的室外盆栽实验。2017 年和 2021 年,6 个大豆栽培品种(Sultana-MG 000、ES Pallador-MG I、Isidor-MG I、Santana-MG I/II、Blancas-MG II 和 Ecudor-MG II)属于欧洲常见的 4 个成熟度组(MG),从生殖期 R1 开始分别接受了 17 天和 23 天的渐进式土壤缺水。可渗透土壤水分(FTSW)被用作土壤缺水的指标。利用非线性回归计算 FTSWt,即受压植物生态生理过程的速率开始偏离参考值的 FTSW 临界值。根据 FTSWt,三种生态生理过程对水分亏缺的敏感度存在显著差异:叶片膨大的敏感度最高,范围最广(FTSWt:0.44-0.93),其次是植物蒸腾(FTSWt:0.17-0.56),叶片衰老的敏感度范围最窄(FTSWt:0.05-0.16)。在六个栽培品种中,关于叶片膨大,处于晚期 MGs(I/II 至 II)的桑塔纳(2017 年 FTSWt = 0.48;2021 年 FTSWt = 0.44)、布兰卡斯(2017 年 FTSWt = 0.51;2021 年 FTSWt = 0.48)和埃克多(2017 年 FTSWt = 0.46;2021 年 FTSWt = 0.52)对土壤干燥的耐受性较强。相反,在最早的 MGs(I/II 至 II)中,变种 Sultana 对土壤干旱的耐受性更高。相反,最早的 MG(000)中的 Sultana 品种对水分亏缺的敏感性最高(2017 年的 FTSWt = 0.91;2021 年的 FTSWt = 0.93)。然而,关于植物蒸腾(2017 年为 0.17-0.56;2021 年为 0.19-0.31)和衰老(2017 年为 0.05-0.16;2021 年为 0.06-0.16)的 FTSWt 值,其范围并未显示出与 MG 的相关趋势。此外,在这两年的灌溉植株上测量到的全株水平归一化叶片展开率(NLE)的 FTSWt 值与比叶面积(SLA)之间呈负线性相关。这表明,SLA 值高的基因型对土壤缺水的叶片膨大耐受性较高。这种室外条件下的非破坏性表型分析方法可为品种测试过程带来新的信息,并为将基因型变异性纳入作物生长模型提供了途径,该模型用于模拟大豆在植物、田间甚至区域范围内对水分亏缺的生态生理反应。
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引用次数: 0
Cover page 封面
IF 3.7 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2024-08-20 DOI: 10.1111/jac.12751

The cover image is based on the article Small Stomates and Xylem Vessels Associated With Freeze Tolerance in Winter Barley by Xi Liang et al., https://doi.org/10.1111/jac.12737.

封面图片根据 Xi Liang 等人的文章《与冬大麦耐冻性相关的小气孔和木质部血管》(Small Stomates and Xylem Vessels Associated With Freeze Tolerance in Winter Barley)制作,https://doi.org/10.1111/jac.12737。
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引用次数: 0
Integrated Metabolomics and Transcriptomics Analyses Reveal Resistance to Salt Stress in Wild Soybean (Glycine soja) During the Post-Germination Growth Period 综合代谢组学和转录组学分析揭示野生大豆(Glycine soja)在发芽后生长期对盐胁迫的抗性
IF 3.7 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2024-08-20 DOI: 10.1111/jac.12748
Yunan Hu, Tian Luan, Xiangjun Wang, Zhihui Luan, Yongjun Hu, Mingxia Li

Due to increasingly serious soil salinisation, exploring high-quality closely related wild species is an effective means to solve food security problems. In this study, based on comprehensive metabolomics and transcriptomics analyses of the types, quantities, metabolic pathways and gene expression of small molecule metabolites in cotyledons and embryo axis/root, we report the strategies used by barren-tolerant wild soybean (GS2) to resist salt stress during the post-germination period. Our results showed that salt tolerance in GS2 cotyledons mainly involves the enhanced mobilisation of reserves, including lipid and sugar breakdown and utilisation, as well as protein breakdown and, in particular, the transport of amino acids to the embryo axis/root. Moreover, antioxidant capacity is enhanced through the promotion of ascorbic acid and naringin synthesis. We also found that under salt stress, the GS2 embryo axis/root accumulates proline by promoting the ornithine biosynthetic pathway, while stimulating glutathione metabolism to eliminate excess reactive oxygen species and restore oxidative balance. In addition, to establish and elongate the embryo axis/root, lignin synthesis is enhanced by the promotion of the shikimic acid pathway, which compensates for the decrease in cell wall support caused by salt stress. This study lays the foundation for developing and utilising high-quality wild plant resources.

由于土壤盐碱化日益严重,探索优质近缘野生物种是解决粮食安全问题的有效手段。本研究基于对子叶和胚轴/根中小分子代谢物的种类、数量、代谢途径和基因表达的全面代谢组学和转录组学分析,报道了耐瘠野生大豆(GS2)在发芽后时期抵抗盐胁迫的策略。我们的研究结果表明,GS2 子叶的耐盐性主要涉及加强储备的动员,包括脂质和糖的分解和利用,以及蛋白质的分解,特别是氨基酸向胚轴/根的运输。此外,抗氧化能力也通过促进抗坏血酸和柚皮苷的合成而得到增强。我们还发现,在盐胁迫下,GS2 胚轴/根通过促进鸟氨酸生物合成途径积累脯氨酸,同时刺激谷胱甘肽代谢,以消除过量活性氧,恢复氧化平衡。此外,为了建立和延长胚轴/根,还通过促进莽草酸途径来加强木质素的合成,从而弥补盐胁迫造成的细胞壁支持力下降。这项研究为开发和利用优质野生植物资源奠定了基础。
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引用次数: 0
Irrigation and Nitrogen Management Determine Dry Matter Accumulation and Yield of Winter Wheat Under Dryland Conditions 灌溉和氮肥管理决定旱地条件下冬小麦的干物质积累和产量
IF 3.7 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2024-08-20 DOI: 10.1111/jac.12745
Lijuan Ma, Muhammad Fraz Ali, Yulan Ye, Xiaohu Huang, Zili Peng, Muhammad Asad Naseer, Rui Wang, Dong Wang

The increase in crop yield can be primarily attributed to the combined effect of genetic advancements, as well as increased contributions from nitrogen (N) and water. The accumulation of dry matter plays a crucial role in determining grain yield in winter wheat. The current study aimed to better understand the source-sink dynamics, analyse the dry matter transport (DMT) before and after anthesis and calculate its ratio to grain yield. In this experiment, eight main cultivars of winter wheat that have been widely cultivated in Shaanxi Province since the 1940s were selected as planting material. Field examinations were conducted using three levels of both irrigation and N. The yield-related parameters, dry matter accumulation, dry matter distribution, DMT and DMT efficiency were measured. The results showed that irrigation prolonged the time of dry matter accumulation, and the application of N fertiliser increased the rate of dry matter accumulation. The analysis of the dynamic characteristic parameters of dry matter in winter wheat showed that irrigation and N had a significant impact on rate of dry matter accumulation. The proportion of stems, leaves and spikes of new varieties increased significantly (p < 0.05), which increased by 56.67%–69.7%, 13.26%–18.07% and 15.78%–28.26%, respectively, with the varietal improvement. The DMT efficiency increased with varietal improvement and also with increased irrigation and N application. The response of irrigation treatment to DMT and dry matter was more significant. In addition, the irrigation treatment had a higher effect on the DMT efficiency of vegetative organs after anthesis. The logistic equation analysis revealed that water stress accelerated the fulfilment of maximum daily temperature (Tmax), while both the maximum growth rate (Gmax) and dry matter weight (Wmax) decreased as water stress increased. There was a positive linear relationship between dry matter accumulation after anthesis and grain yield. The structural equation model showed that varieties, N application and irrigation had significant positive effects on DMT, post-anthesis dry matter and grain yield, while irrigation had significant negative effects on DMT efficiency. The accumulation of dry matter in winter wheat after anthesis showed a significant increase with the succession of varieties. The combination of moderate deficit irrigation and fertilisation improved transportation and dry matter accumulation after anthesis in winter wheat, thereby enhancing its production capacity.

作物产量的提高主要归功于基因进步以及氮(N)和水贡献增加的综合效应。干物质的积累在决定冬小麦谷物产量方面起着至关重要的作用。目前的研究旨在更好地了解源汇动态,分析开花前后的干物质运输(DMT),并计算其与谷物产量的比率。本试验选择了陕西省自 20 世纪 40 年代以来广泛种植的 8 个主要冬小麦品种作为种植材料。对产量相关参数、干物质积累、干物质分布、DMT 和 DMT 效率进行了测定。结果表明,灌溉延长了干物质积累的时间,施用氮肥提高了干物质积累的速度。对冬小麦干物质动态特征参数的分析表明,灌溉和氮对干物质积累率有显著影响。随着品种改良,新品种的茎、叶、穗比例显著增加(p < 0.05),分别增加了 56.67%-69.7%、13.26%-18.07% 和 15.78%-28.26%。DMT 效率随品种改良而提高,也随灌溉和氮施用量的增加而提高。灌溉处理对 DMT 和干物质的响应更为显著。此外,灌溉处理对开花后无性器官的 DMT 效率影响更大。对数方程分析表明,水分胁迫会加速最高日温(Tmax)的达到,而随着水分胁迫的增加,最高生长速率(Gmax)和干物质重量(Wmax)都会降低。花后干物质积累与谷物产量之间呈正线性关系。结构方程模型显示,品种、氮施用量和灌溉对 DMT、花后干物质和谷物产量有显著的正效应,而灌溉对 DMT 效率有显著的负效应。冬小麦花后干物质的积累随品种的演替而显著增加。适度亏缺灌溉与施肥相结合可改善冬小麦的运输和花后干物质积累,从而提高其生产能力。
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引用次数: 0
Enhancing Soil Resilience and Sugar Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) Yield: Mid-Term Effects of Compost and Glauconite Integration 提高土壤韧性和甜菜产量:堆肥与褐藻土结合的中期效果
IF 3.7 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2024-08-11 DOI: 10.1111/jac.12747
Mahmoud M. A. Shabana, Arwa Abdulkreem AL-Huqail, Hitham E. A. Nemeat Alla, Ahmed M. S. Kheir, Mahmoud El-Sharkawy

Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) is a globally significant crop, valued for its economic importance in sugar production. Saline-sodic soil environments negatively impact sugar beet productivity. This study investigates the effects of using compost, glauconite enriched-K and their combinations in mitigating the saline-sodic soil environment, sugar beet productivity and extracted sugar quality. A two-season field experiment in split-plot design with the main plots is three doses of compost: control (C0), recommended (100%) dose (C1) and 150% recommended dose (C2). Each group divided into four subplots of glauconite treatments arranged according to the recommended dose of potassium (K) as follows: G0 (no glauconite), G1 (50% K), G2 (100% K, 480 Kg glauconite Fed−1) and G3 (150% K). The results showed that compost and glauconite mitigated adverse soil effects caused by salinity and sodicity. The C2G3 treatment reduced electrical conductivity (EC) and exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), improved organic matter and enhanced soil bulk density, porosity and penetration resistance. This combination also increased soil nutrients (N, K, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu). Regarding the sugar beet yield, C2G3 improved root yield, top yield, sugar yield and extracted sugar. The application of glauconite increased root diameter by 20% and root length by 23%, enhanced sugar quality with minimal sugar losses to molasses (2.43%), and reduced impurities of K, α-amino N and Na. Principal component analysis showed positive correlations between root yield and soil potassium, organic matter, cation exchange capacity and soil porosity, with negative correlations to bulk density, EC, pH and ESP. Two-way analysis of main (ANOM) illustrated significant effects of compost and glauconite on soil–plant interactions. Multivariate analysis indicated that higher glauconite doses significantly enhanced root yield. The Gag run charts confirmed that compost (100%) and G3 levels explored more homogeneity reducing the ESP%, increasing sugar beet root yield, sugar yield and quality.

甜菜(Beta vulgaris L.)是一种具有全球意义的作物,在制糖业中具有重要的经济价值。盐碱化的土壤环境对甜菜的产量有负面影响。本研究调查了使用堆肥、高芒硝富集-K 及其组合对缓解盐碱土壤环境、甜菜生产率和榨糖质量的影响。两季田间试验采用分小区设计,主小区有三种堆肥剂量:对照(C0)、推荐剂量(100%)(C1)和推荐剂量(150%)(C2)。根据钾(K)的推荐剂量,每组又分为以下四个芒硝处理子小区:G0(无芒硝)、G1(50%钾)、G2(100%钾,480 千克芒硝Fed-1)和 G3(150%钾)。结果表明,堆肥和芒硝减轻了盐碱化对土壤的不利影响。C2G3 处理降低了导电率(EC)和可交换钠百分比(ESP),改善了有机质,提高了土壤容重、孔隙度和抗渗透性。这一组合还增加了土壤养分(氮、钾、铁、锰、锌和铜)。在甜菜产量方面,C2G3 提高了根产量、顶端产量、糖产量和提取的糖分。施用芒硝后,根的直径增加了 20%,根的长度增加了 23%,提高了糖的质量,糖蜜中糖的损失最小(2.43%),并减少了 K、α-氨基氮和 Na 的杂质。主成分分析表明,根产量与土壤钾、有机质、阳离子交换容量和土壤孔隙度呈正相关,与容重、EC 值、pH 值和 ESP 值呈负相关。双向主分析(ANOM)表明,堆肥和芒硝对土壤-植物相互作用有显著影响。多变量分析表明,芒硝剂量越大,根系产量越高。Gag run 图表证实,堆肥(100%)和 G3 水平可降低 ESP%,提高甜菜根产量、糖产量和质量。
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引用次数: 0
Identifying Genetic Loci Determining Grain Yield Under Drought Stress in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) 鉴定决定水稻(Oryza sativa L.)干旱胁迫下谷粒产量的遗传位点
IF 3.7 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2024-08-09 DOI: 10.1111/jac.12743
Helan Baby Thomas, Satish Verulkar, Toshi Agarwal, Ritu Saxena, Sunil Kumar Verma

Identifying the genomic regions (quantitative trait loci (QTL)) significantly linked to grain yield under drought stress could expedite the development of novel rice cultivars suited for rainfed areas through marker-assisted breeding. This study identified QTL regions linked to plant phenology and production traits by evaluating 122 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) of Danteshwari × Daggaddeshi under different environmental conditions. A consistent QTL region associated with grain yield under water stress (60.4 Mbp) was mapped on chromosome 1 between RM428 and RM24 with an LOD score of 4.0. Another QTL region (9.4 Mbp) linked to plant height under all environmental conditions was mapped on chromosome 1 between RM1-HvSSR1-87 with a LOD score of 7.5 and phenotypic variance of 25%. A core set of 402 diverse rice accessions was also evaluated under water stress conditions and subjected to genome-wide association analysis. Twelve markers linked to grain yield under drought were identified, out of which five were significantly associated with grain yield and days to flowering under drought. The markers linked to grain yield were compared between the bi-parental population and germplasm accessions to identify the common markers. Three markers (RM1, RM259 and RM201) were found to be consistently linked to drought stress across the seasons in both bi-parental population and germplasm accessions studied and could be potential candidates for application in marker-assisted selection for improving grain yield under drought stress in rice.

通过标记辅助育种,确定与干旱胁迫下谷物产量显著相关的基因组区域(数量性状位点(QTL))可加快开发适合雨水灌溉地区的新型水稻栽培品种。本研究通过在不同环境条件下评估 122 个 Danteshwari × Daggaddeshi 的重组近交系(RIL),确定了与植物物候和产量性状相关的 QTL 区域。在 RM428 和 RM24 之间的 1 号染色体上绘制了一个与水分胁迫下谷物产量相关的一致 QTL 区域(60.4 Mbp),LOD 得分为 4.0。另一个与所有环境条件下株高相关的 QTL 区域(9.4 Mbp)被绘制在 RM1-HvSSR1-87 之间的 1 号染色体上,LOD 得分为 7.5,表型方差为 25%。在水分胁迫条件下,还对 402 个不同水稻品种的核心组进行了评估,并进行了全基因组关联分析。鉴定了 12 个与干旱条件下谷物产量相关的标记,其中 5 个与干旱条件下谷物产量和开花天数显著相关。在双亲群体和种质登录之间比较了与谷物产量相关的标记,以确定共同标记。研究发现,在所研究的双亲群体和种质材料中,有三个标记(RM1、RM259 和 RM201)在不同季节与干旱胁迫有一致的联系,可作为潜在的候选标记应用于标记辅助选择,以提高水稻在干旱胁迫下的产量。
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引用次数: 0
Maize Responses to High Night Temperature During Postflowering and Early Grain Filling: Effects on Yield Components, Kernel Growth and Dry Matter Allocation 玉米在开花后和籽粒灌浆初期对夜间高温的反应:对产量成分、籽粒生长和干物质分配的影响
IF 3.7 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2024-08-05 DOI: 10.1111/jac.12741
Belén Araceli Kettler, Constanza Soledad Carrera, Federico David Nalli Sonzogni, Fernando Héctor Andrade, Nicolás Neiff

Warm night frequency has increased steadily in the last years across maize production regions, but high night temperature (HNT) effects on growth, grain yield and maize dry matter allocation (DMA) to different plant organs remain poorly understood. In this study, we aimed to (i) analyse the DMA among reproductive and vegetative organs, (ii) evaluate the individual kernel weight through its determinants, rate and duration of grain filling and (iii) quantify changes in grain yield per plant and its components due to HNT during the postflowering and early grain-filling period. Field-grown maize was subjected to HNT induced by shelters during a 15- or 30-day period after silking, encompassing the postflowering period (HNT15) and extending the heating into early grain filling (HNT30), respectively. The HNT was applied from 1900 to 0700 h while control plots remained at ambient night temperature (ANT). Kernel number per plant was decreased under both temperature regimes (i.e., HNT15 and HNT30); however, significant reductions in grain yield were only observed under HNT30. The DMA during the heating period was differentially affected by the duration of heating. While DMA to the stem was likewise reduced by both heating treatments, the partition to the uppermost ear was only reduced under HNT30. Related to the lack of response to HNT treatments of the rate and duration of grain filling, the individual kernel weight was not reduced. The source-sink ratio was not affected by HNT, meanwhile, the apparent reserve use was significantly reduced under HNT30. Our results demonstrate that the magnitude of HNT effects is subjected to the duration of the heating period, but also depends on the intensity of heating explored across seasons, especially for kernel number and grain yield.

过去几年中,玉米产区的暖夜频率稳步上升,但人们对高夜温(HNT)对生长、谷物产量和不同植物器官的玉米干物质分配(DMA)的影响仍然知之甚少。在这项研究中,我们的目标是:(i) 分析生殖器官和无性器官之间的干物质分配;(ii) 通过籽粒灌浆的决定因素、速度和持续时间评估单粒重量;(iii) 量化开花后和籽粒灌浆初期 HNT 对单株籽粒产量及其组成部分的影响。田间种植的玉米在抽丝后 15 天或 30 天内分别受到棚架诱导的 HNT,包括开花后时期(HNT15)和延长到谷粒灌浆初期(HNT30)的加热。HNT 从 1900 时至 0700 时进行,而对照小区则保持夜间环境温度 (ANT)。在两种温度条件下(即 HNT15 和 HNT30),每株的籽粒数都有所减少;但只有在 HNT30 条件下,籽粒产量才会显著降低。加热期间的 DMA 受加热持续时间的影响不同。虽然两种加热处理都会减少茎干的 DMA,但只有在 HNT30 条件下,最上层穗的 DMA 才会减少。由于 HNT 处理对谷粒灌浆速度和持续时间没有影响,因此单粒重量也没有减少。源-汇比率没有受到 HNT 的影响,而在 HNT30 条件下,表观储备利用率显著降低。我们的研究结果表明,HNT 的影响程度不仅取决于加热时间的长短,还取决于不同季节的加热强度,尤其是对籽粒数和谷粒产量的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Enhancing Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) Productivity and Biochemical Traits: A Comparison of Straw Mulch and Polythene Mulch Under Prolonged Salinity Stress 提高花生(Arachis hypogaea)的生产力和生化性状:长期盐度胁迫下秸秆覆盖物与聚乙烯覆盖物的比较
IF 3.7 2区 农林科学 Q1 AGRONOMY Pub Date : 2024-08-05 DOI: 10.1111/jac.12739
H. N. Meena, B. C. Ajay, K. K. Reddy, M. D. Meena, J. P. Mishra

The escalating population growth has spurred a demand for increased oilseed production, necessitating urgent attention. However, the expansion of saline-affected regions posed a significant obstacle to maintain peanut productivity in these areas. Thus, to tackle the productivity decline in saline-affected regions, we investigated whether substituting polythene mulch with straw mulch, as part of an agronomic management strategy, could mitigate the rapid decrease in peanut productivity. Three mulching methods (control, polythene mulch and straw mulch) were employed to cultivate the crop (cv. TG 37A) under salinity levels of 0.5, 2, 4 and 6 dS m−1. As salinity levels increased, there was a notable decrease in germination percentage, growth, yield and biochemical characteristics, including pod and haulm yields were reported. Despite salinity reduced free amino acids and oil content, it exhibited significant increase in protein and sugar content. Saline irrigation water led to a reduction in pod yield, haulm yield and oil content by 24.67%, 23.84% and 5.07%, respectively, at a salinity level of 6.0 dS m−1 compared to the control with 0.5 dS m−1 salinity. Moreover, straw mulching resulted in a boost in pod yield, haulm yield and oil content by 30.09%, 4.83% and 1.75%, respectively, compared to the control. The reduction in pod yield and oil content under the interaction of mulching and salinity was 46.44% and 6.87% at M0S6, 21.42% and 4.44% at M1S6, and 7.55% and 3.87% at M2S6 compared to M0S0, M1S0 and M2S0, respectively. A similar trend was also observed in 100-pod weight, 100-kernel weight and shelling percentage. Accordingly, it was concluded that the declining trend in all attributes under straw mulching at various salinity levels surpassed polythene mulching, ensuring superior peanut production under salinity stress conditions.

人口的不断增长刺激了对油籽增产的需求,因此亟需关注。然而,受盐碱影响地区的扩大对维持这些地区的花生产量构成了重大障碍。因此,为了解决受盐碱影响地区生产率下降的问题,我们研究了作为农艺管理策略的一部分,用秸秆覆盖物替代聚乙烯覆盖物能否缓解花生生产率的快速下降。在盐度为 0.5、2、4 和 6 dS m-1 的条件下,采用了三种地膜覆盖方法(对照、聚乙烯地膜覆盖和稻草地膜覆盖)栽培作物(TG 37A)。随着盐度水平的增加,发芽率、生长、产量和生化特性(包括豆荚和茎秆产量)都明显下降。尽管盐度降低了游离氨基酸和油含量,但蛋白质和糖含量却显著增加。与盐度为 0.5 dS m-1 的对照相比,盐度为 6.0 dS m-1 时,盐水灌溉导致豆荚产量、茎秆产量和含油量分别减少了 24.67%、23.84% 和 5.07%。此外,与对照相比,稻草覆盖使豆荚产量、茎秆产量和含油量分别提高了 30.09%、4.83% 和 1.75%。与 M0S0、M1S0 和 M2S0 相比,在地膜覆盖和盐度的交互作用下,M0S6 的豆荚产量和含油量分别减少了 46.44% 和 6.87%,M1S6 减少了 21.42% 和 4.44%,M2S6 减少了 7.55% 和 3.87%。在百荚重、百粒重和脱壳率方面也观察到类似的趋势。因此,得出的结论是,在不同盐度水平下,稻草覆盖所有属性的下降趋势都超过了聚乙烯覆盖,从而确保了花生在盐度胁迫条件下的优异产量。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science
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