Pub Date : 2024-06-05DOI: 10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i65466
Nwife Akhator-Eneka
This narrative review delves into the intricate relationship between Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and body image dissatisfaction in adolescents, a pressing public health issue linked to a spectrum of psychological disorders. Body image dissatisfaction among adolescents is a significant public health concern due to its association with depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, and risky behaviours such as binge eating, extreme dieting, and substance abuse. Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are highly prevalent and have been associated with negative body image. Based on the identity disruption model, adolescence is characterised by a tumultuous period of exploration of self and identity formation. Experiencing adverse events could result in an identity crisis, leading to cognitive dissonance regarding body appearance and body functionality. Consequently, body image dissatisfaction can lead to negative emotions, low self-esteem, anxiety, stress, social withdrawal, and maladaptive coping mechanisms such as extreme dieting or eating. This review explored evidence-based interventions for preventing and managing body image dissatisfaction in adolescents, such as psychoeducation to address cognitive dissonance, promotion of physical activity, and implementation of digital interventions focusing on behavioural therapy. The review also identified virtual-reality-based interventions as promising tools for addressing ACEs-induced body image dissatisfaction, as they could make behavioural therapies more engaging and realistic for parents and their children. However, this review is constrained by the methodological limitations of the literature utilised, primarily consisting of cross-sectional studies, which limited the ability of the study to present meaningful insights on the long-term effects of the interventions. Furthermore, the focus on family dysfunction, child maltreatment, and emotional abuse in the context of ACEs may not comprehensively represent the spectrum of other adverse experiences such as sexual abuse and neglect. Lastly, cultural differences in the perception of body image and the extent of ACEs experienced are not addressed due to the methodological approach of the reviewed literature, limiting the generalizability of the findings presented in this review. It is therefore recommended that future research aim at addressing these research gaps by incorporating diverse cultural perspectives and longitudinal data to better understand the long-term impact of ACEs on body image dissatisfaction.
{"title":"The Impact of Adverse Childhood Experiences on Body Image Dissatisfaction in Adolescents: A Narrative Review","authors":"Nwife Akhator-Eneka","doi":"10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i65466","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i65466","url":null,"abstract":"This narrative review delves into the intricate relationship between Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and body image dissatisfaction in adolescents, a pressing public health issue linked to a spectrum of psychological disorders. Body image dissatisfaction among adolescents is a significant public health concern due to its association with depression, anxiety, low self-esteem, and risky behaviours such as binge eating, extreme dieting, and substance abuse. Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are highly prevalent and have been associated with negative body image. \u0000Based on the identity disruption model, adolescence is characterised by a tumultuous period of exploration of self and identity formation. Experiencing adverse events could result in an identity crisis, leading to cognitive dissonance regarding body appearance and body functionality. Consequently, body image dissatisfaction can lead to negative emotions, low self-esteem, anxiety, stress, social withdrawal, and maladaptive coping mechanisms such as extreme dieting or eating. \u0000This review explored evidence-based interventions for preventing and managing body image dissatisfaction in adolescents, such as psychoeducation to address cognitive dissonance, promotion of physical activity, and implementation of digital interventions focusing on behavioural therapy. The review also identified virtual-reality-based interventions as promising tools for addressing ACEs-induced body image dissatisfaction, as they could make behavioural therapies more engaging and realistic for parents and their children. \u0000However, this review is constrained by the methodological limitations of the literature utilised, primarily consisting of cross-sectional studies, which limited the ability of the study to present meaningful insights on the long-term effects of the interventions. Furthermore, the focus on family dysfunction, child maltreatment, and emotional abuse in the context of ACEs may not comprehensively represent the spectrum of other adverse experiences such as sexual abuse and neglect. Lastly, cultural differences in the perception of body image and the extent of ACEs experienced are not addressed due to the methodological approach of the reviewed literature, limiting the generalizability of the findings presented in this review. It is therefore recommended that future research aim at addressing these research gaps by incorporating diverse cultural perspectives and longitudinal data to better understand the long-term impact of ACEs on body image dissatisfaction.","PeriodicalId":14869,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research","volume":"87 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141385255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-05DOI: 10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i65467
Emeka F. Ezenekwe, Enyereibe C. Ajare, Augustine C. Onuh, Emeka K. Mgbe, Ngozi R. Dim, Chike C Chinweike
Introduction: Human immunodeficiency virus/Acquire immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is one of the major health problems in developing countries. It is pandemic and has caused a resurgence of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), resulting in increased morbidity and mortality. Aims: To document the chest radiographic findings in adult HIV/AIDS patients co-infected with pulmonary tuberculosis before the commencement of antiretroviral therapy, and to compare these with HIV-negative PTB subjects before the commencement of anti-tuberculosis drugs. Study Design: Prospective cross-sectional study. Place and duration of study: Department of Radiation Medicine, university of Nigeria teching hospital Ituku/Ozalla, Nigeria. April 2023 to January 2024 Methodology: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study of chest radiographs of 230 HIV positive PTB subjects matched for age and sex with HIV negative PTB subjects at UNTH Enugu. The finding was analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26. Results: Patchy (p=0.018), perihilar and hilar opacities (p=0.001) are more prevalent in HIV - positive PTB subjects when compared with controls respectively. However, the controls had more cavitory lesions (p=0.001). The cavitary lesions were located more in the right upper zone in both groups. Volume loss (p=0.001), reticulonodular opacities (p=0.001) and pleural effusion (p=0.014) were more in HIV - negative PTB subjects. Conclusion: Patchy, perihilar and hilar opacities provide a high index of suspicion for PTB in HIV - positive subjects.
{"title":"A Comparative Analysis of the Chest X-ray Findings between Pulmonary Tuberculosis Subjects with and without HIV/AIDS at the University of Nigeria Teaching Hospital, Enugu State, Nigeria","authors":"Emeka F. Ezenekwe, Enyereibe C. Ajare, Augustine C. Onuh, Emeka K. Mgbe, Ngozi R. Dim, Chike C Chinweike","doi":"10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i65467","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i65467","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Human immunodeficiency virus/Acquire immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) is one of the major health problems in developing countries. It is pandemic and has caused a resurgence of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), resulting in increased morbidity and mortality. \u0000Aims: To document the chest radiographic findings in adult HIV/AIDS patients co-infected with pulmonary tuberculosis before the commencement of antiretroviral therapy, and to compare these with HIV-negative PTB subjects before the commencement of anti-tuberculosis drugs. \u0000Study Design: Prospective cross-sectional study. \u0000Place and duration of study: Department of Radiation Medicine, university of Nigeria teching hospital Ituku/Ozalla, Nigeria. April 2023 to January 2024 \u0000Methodology: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study of chest radiographs of 230 HIV positive PTB subjects matched for age and sex with HIV negative PTB subjects at UNTH Enugu. The finding was analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26. \u0000Results: Patchy (p=0.018), perihilar and hilar opacities (p=0.001) are more prevalent in HIV - positive PTB subjects when compared with controls respectively. However, the controls had more cavitory lesions (p=0.001). The cavitary lesions were located more in the right upper zone in both groups. Volume loss (p=0.001), reticulonodular opacities (p=0.001) and pleural effusion (p=0.014) were more in HIV - negative PTB subjects. \u0000Conclusion: Patchy, perihilar and hilar opacities provide a high index of suspicion for PTB in HIV - positive subjects.","PeriodicalId":14869,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research","volume":"297 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141386428","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-05DOI: 10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i65465
Ashna P J, K. Vaidya
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a major cardiovascular illness that causes death as well as disability on a global scale. Understanding how vitamin D contributes to the pathophysiology, epidemiology, and prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is still of interest. Although vitamin D has been recognised as a potentially significant CVD marker, it is still unclear how vitamin D deficiency causes endothelial dysfunction, which in turn causes myocardial infarction and stroke. This review's objective is to present an updated analysis of the research on the fundamental science underlying vitamin D's potential effects on the cardiovascular system. Ferritin is associated with unfavourable outcomes in individuals with a variety of clinical diseases, assessment for ferritin may be beneficial. Our goal was to carry out the first comprehensive analysis of the correlation between elevated ferritin levels and worse cardiovascular outcomes in individuals suffering from acute myocardial infarction (AMI).In patients with AMI, both low and high ferritin levels were linked to how long they spent in the hospital during their hospital stay and at longer follow-up. Ferritin assessment is a straightforward test that may be used to identify AMI patients at high risk who may benefit from more frequent follow-up and specific therapy. Regarding the state of modern treatments for AMI and heart failure, these findings ought to be validated by extensive clinical trials. This review also discuss the role of hematological indices: Total white blood cells (WBC) count, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR),eosinophil leucocyte ratio, diffrential lecocyte count, absolute values of WBCs, red cell distribution width (RDW), and platelet indices, such as , mean platelet volume (MPV),platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and platelet distribution width (PDW) etc and its diagnostic and prognostic value in MI and its complications which may shed fresh light on developing new treatment plans on MI patients and help doctors in the diagnosis and prognosis with or without complications.
急性心肌梗塞（AMI）是一种主要的心血管疾病，在全球范围内造成死亡和残疾。了解维生素 D 如何促进心血管疾病（CVD）的病理生理学、流行病学和预防仍然是人们感兴趣的问题。虽然维生素 D 被认为是潜在的重要心血管疾病标志物，但目前仍不清楚维生素 D 缺乏如何导致内皮功能障碍，进而引发心肌梗死和中风。本综述旨在对维生素 D 对心血管系统潜在影响的基础科学研究进行最新分析。铁蛋白与多种临床疾病的不良预后有关，因此对铁蛋白进行评估可能是有益的。我们的目标是首次全面分析急性心肌梗塞（AMI）患者铁蛋白水平升高与心血管预后恶化之间的相关性。在急性心肌梗塞患者中，铁蛋白水平低和高都与他们住院期间和长期随访时的住院时间有关。铁蛋白评估是一种简单易行的检测方法，可用于识别高风险急性心肌梗死患者，这些患者可能受益于更频繁的随访和特殊治疗。就急性心肌梗死和心力衰竭的现代治疗方法而言，这些发现应该通过广泛的临床试验来验证。本综述还讨论了血液学指标的作用：白细胞总数（WBC）、中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值（NLR）、嗜酸性粒细胞与白细胞比值、弥漫性白细胞计数、白细胞绝对值、红细胞分布宽度（RDW）和血小板指数，如平均血小板体积（MPV）、血小板与淋巴细胞比值（PLR）和血小板分布宽度（PDW）等血小板指数及其在心肌梗死及其并发症中的诊断和预后价值，可为制定新的心肌梗死患者治疗方案提供新的启示，并帮助医生诊断和预后有无并发症。
{"title":"Assessment of Blood Ferritin and Vitamin D Levels in Patients Suffering from Myocardial Infarction to Determine Their Clinical Significance and Prognostic Value of Hematological Markers in Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Meta-analysis","authors":"Ashna P J, K. Vaidya","doi":"10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i65465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i65465","url":null,"abstract":"Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a major cardiovascular illness that causes death as well as disability on a global scale. Understanding how vitamin D contributes to the pathophysiology, epidemiology, and prevention of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is still of interest. Although vitamin D has been recognised as a potentially significant CVD marker, it is still unclear how vitamin D deficiency causes endothelial dysfunction, which in turn causes myocardial infarction and stroke. This review's objective is to present an updated analysis of the research on the fundamental science underlying vitamin D's potential effects on the cardiovascular system. \u0000Ferritin is associated with unfavourable outcomes in individuals with a variety of clinical diseases, assessment for ferritin may be beneficial. Our goal was to carry out the first comprehensive analysis of the correlation between elevated ferritin levels and worse cardiovascular outcomes in individuals suffering from acute myocardial infarction (AMI).In patients with AMI, both low and high ferritin levels were linked to how long they spent in the hospital during their hospital stay and at longer follow-up. Ferritin assessment is a straightforward test that may be used to identify AMI patients at high risk who may benefit from more frequent follow-up and specific therapy. Regarding the state of modern treatments for AMI and heart failure, these findings ought to be validated by extensive clinical trials. \u0000This review also discuss the role of hematological indices: Total white blood cells (WBC) count, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR),eosinophil leucocyte ratio, diffrential lecocyte count, absolute values of WBCs, red cell distribution width (RDW), and platelet indices, such as , mean platelet volume (MPV),platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and platelet distribution width (PDW) etc and its diagnostic and prognostic value in MI and its complications which may shed fresh light on developing new treatment plans on MI patients and help doctors in the diagnosis and prognosis with or without complications.","PeriodicalId":14869,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research","volume":"45 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141384411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-04DOI: 10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i65464
Ehimen Fa, Ogbetere Yn, Betiku Bo, Ehimen So, Alenoghena I
Worldwide, sharp injuries remain the most common cause of exposure to blood and body fluids. Preventing this exposure to blood and body fluid is the most important strategy of minimizing transmission of Human immuno-deficiency virus, Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C infections in health care setting. However, post exposure prophylaxis or management are key element of the complete program needed in preventing blood borne infections among HCWs. Post Exposure prophylaxis (PEP ) is any preventive medical treatment started immediately after exposure to a pathogen (such as a disease-causing virus), in order to prevent infection by the pathogen and the development of disease. Objectives: To assess the occurrence of sharp injuries, knowledge and utilization of post exposure prophylaxis among Health Care Workers at the three level of health care delivery in South-south Nigeria. Methods: The cross sectional study was carried out among 492 Health Care Workers at the three level of health care delivery in South-south Nigeria. Multi stage sampling technique was used to recruit health care workers into this study and SPSS was used in data analysis. Results: More than one-third of the health care workers at the three levels of health care delivery reported having sharps injuries, however, majority (50.4%) of HCWs in the primary health care centres had more exposure to Blood and body fluids (BBFs) compared to the other level of care. A large proportion of the health care workers (HCWs) in the primary health care workers (83.7%) and more than half of their counter parts at the secondary health care (SHC) had poor knowledge of PEP compared to the teritiary health care (THC) where only 27.4% of the respondents had poor knowledge of PEP. Moreover, the utilization of post exposure prophylaxis was generally low at all levels of health care; it was higher (15.6%) among the PHC workers and least (14.30%) at the secondary health care level. Conclusion: Despite the essential and indispensable role of post exposure prophylaxis in controlling occupational blood borne infections (post exposure infections), it was sad to note that most of the HCWs had poor knowledge and utilization of post exposure prophylaxis. Also, most HCWs had sharp injuries during their course of patient care. Therefore, there is need for regular training and sensitization of HCWs on the principles of post exposure prophylaxis and adherence to standard precautions.
{"title":"Comparative Assessment of Occurrence of Sharp Injuries, Knowledge and Utilization of Post-exposure Prophylaxis among Health care workers In South-South Nigeria","authors":"Ehimen Fa, Ogbetere Yn, Betiku Bo, Ehimen So, Alenoghena I","doi":"10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i65464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i65464","url":null,"abstract":"Worldwide, sharp injuries remain the most common cause of exposure to blood and body fluids. Preventing this exposure to blood and body fluid is the most important strategy of minimizing transmission of Human immuno-deficiency virus, Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C infections in health care setting. However, post exposure prophylaxis or management are key element of the complete program needed in preventing blood borne infections among HCWs. Post Exposure prophylaxis (PEP ) is any preventive medical treatment started immediately after exposure to a pathogen (such as a disease-causing virus), in order to prevent infection by the pathogen and the development of disease. \u0000Objectives: To assess the occurrence of sharp injuries, knowledge and utilization of post exposure prophylaxis among Health Care Workers at the three level of health care delivery in South-south Nigeria. \u0000Methods: The cross sectional study was carried out among 492 Health Care Workers at the three level of health care delivery in South-south Nigeria. Multi stage sampling technique was used to recruit health care workers into this study and SPSS was used in data analysis. \u0000Results: More than one-third of the health care workers at the three levels of health care delivery reported having sharps injuries, however, majority (50.4%) of HCWs in the primary health care centres had more exposure to Blood and body fluids (BBFs) compared to the other level of care. A large proportion of the health care workers (HCWs) in the primary health care workers (83.7%) and more than half of their counter parts at the secondary health care (SHC) had poor knowledge of PEP compared to the teritiary health care (THC) where only 27.4% of the respondents had poor knowledge of PEP. Moreover, the utilization of post exposure prophylaxis was generally low at all levels of health care; it was higher (15.6%) among the PHC workers and least (14.30%) at the secondary health care level. \u0000Conclusion: Despite the essential and indispensable role of post exposure prophylaxis in controlling occupational blood borne infections (post exposure infections), it was sad to note that most of the HCWs had poor knowledge and utilization of post exposure prophylaxis. Also, most HCWs had sharp injuries during their course of patient care. Therefore, there is need for regular training and sensitization of HCWs on the principles of post exposure prophylaxis and adherence to standard precautions.","PeriodicalId":14869,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research","volume":"88 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141267819","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-02DOI: 10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i65461
Dr. Dharani Swarna Deiveegan, Atinder Singh, Muhammad Ilyas Shazi, W. Rehman, Muhammad Rizwan Akram, Saliha Tauqeer, Darshankumar Raval, Ruqiya Bibi, Muhammad Subhan, Advaith Manoharasetty
The association between COVID-19 and heart failure (HF) presents multifaceted challenges and implications for clinical management. This comprehensive review explores the epidemiological, clinical, and mechanistic associations between COVID-19 and HF, emphasizing the bidirectional impact of these conditions on patient outcomes. COVID-19 can precipitate or exacerbate HF through myocardial injury, inflammation, thrombosis, and immune dysregulation, while pre-existing HF increases the severity and complications of COVID-19. Diagnostic challenges arise from overlapping symptoms and the need to differentiate between COVID-19-related lung pathology and HF manifestations. Understanding the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, including ACE2 dysregulation, cytokine release syndrome, and hypercoagulability, is crucial for optimizing management strategies. Early identification, multidisciplinary collaboration, personalized treatment, and patient education are essential to managing COVID-19 and HF. Insights from this review inform clinical practice, highlighting the importance of tailored interventions and ongoing research to mitigate the impact of these complex interactions on patient outcomes and public health initiatives.
{"title":"Unraveling the Complex Interplay: COVID-19 and Heart Failure: A Comprehensive Review","authors":"Dr. Dharani Swarna Deiveegan, Atinder Singh, Muhammad Ilyas Shazi, W. Rehman, Muhammad Rizwan Akram, Saliha Tauqeer, Darshankumar Raval, Ruqiya Bibi, Muhammad Subhan, Advaith Manoharasetty","doi":"10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i65461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i65461","url":null,"abstract":"The association between COVID-19 and heart failure (HF) presents multifaceted challenges and implications for clinical management. This comprehensive review explores the epidemiological, clinical, and mechanistic associations between COVID-19 and HF, emphasizing the bidirectional impact of these conditions on patient outcomes. COVID-19 can precipitate or exacerbate HF through myocardial injury, inflammation, thrombosis, and immune dysregulation, while pre-existing HF increases the severity and complications of COVID-19. Diagnostic challenges arise from overlapping symptoms and the need to differentiate between COVID-19-related lung pathology and HF manifestations. Understanding the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms, including ACE2 dysregulation, cytokine release syndrome, and hypercoagulability, is crucial for optimizing management strategies. Early identification, multidisciplinary collaboration, personalized treatment, and patient education are essential to managing COVID-19 and HF. Insights from this review inform clinical practice, highlighting the importance of tailored interventions and ongoing research to mitigate the impact of these complex interactions on patient outcomes and public health initiatives.","PeriodicalId":14869,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research","volume":"9 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141273589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-02DOI: 10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i65463
Hamadoun Traoré, Andy J Kouanga, C. Elm’hadi, Ait Sahel Omar, R. Tanz, Hassan Errihani
Chemo-immunotherapy is a relatively recent approach to the treatment of advanced or relapsed endometrial cancer. The aim of these therapies is to remove immune suppression, enabling the immune system to better recognise and destroy cancer cells. We report a clinical case of stage 4 endometrial cancer in a 69-year-old patient with several commorbidities in whom we obtained a complete response after four cycles of paclitaxel+carboplatin combined with pembrolizumab followed by maintenance immunotherapy. Immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy is a relatively recent approach to the treatment of advanced or relapsed endometrial cancer. This case report demonstrates the importance of adding immunotherapy to chemotherapy in the management of advanced endometrial cancer.
{"title":"Impact of Combining Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors with Chemotherapy in the Management of Advanced Serous Endometrial Adenocarcinoma","authors":"Hamadoun Traoré, Andy J Kouanga, C. Elm’hadi, Ait Sahel Omar, R. Tanz, Hassan Errihani","doi":"10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i65463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i65463","url":null,"abstract":"Chemo-immunotherapy is a relatively recent approach to the treatment of advanced or relapsed endometrial cancer. The aim of these therapies is to remove immune suppression, enabling the immune system to better recognise and destroy cancer cells. We report a clinical case of stage 4 endometrial cancer in a 69-year-old patient with several commorbidities in whom we obtained a complete response after four cycles of paclitaxel+carboplatin combined with pembrolizumab followed by maintenance immunotherapy. Immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy is a relatively recent approach to the treatment of advanced or relapsed endometrial cancer. This case report demonstrates the importance of adding immunotherapy to chemotherapy in the management of advanced endometrial cancer.","PeriodicalId":14869,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research","volume":"19 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141272965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-02DOI: 10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i65462
Zuleide Alves Amaral, Melise Noleto da Cruz e Lima, W. N. Araujo, Thaís Bezerra de Almeida, Cassia Alves de Carvalho Noleto, Agrinazio Geraldo Nascimento Neto, Isadora Araújo, Jacqueline Aparecida Philipino Takada, Priscila França Marra Noleto, Luzia Pereira da Rocha, Adelma Martins Pereira
Aims: To analyze the main pain complaints among physiotherapy students at UnirG University, in order to understand the triggering factors and develop health promotion strategies that improve the well-being and quality of life of these students. Study Design: This study consisted of a descriptive field research, with a cross-sectional design and a qualitative-quantitative approach. Place and Duration of Study: Conducted from March 2024 to April 2024. Methodology: The sample consisted of 131 of the 202 students enrolled in the undergraduate program from the first to the tenth period, of both sexes, in the Physical Therapy course at the University of Gurupi-TO (UnirG). A questionnaire with 22 questions formulated in an objective and easy-to-understand manner was used. Data collection took place digitally, using Google Forms. Results: The results highlighted a high prevalence of musculoskeletal pain, especially in the spine, and a significant proportion of students engaged in prolonged sedentary behaviors. In the periods where the students were in supervised clinical internship, such as the ninth and tenth periods, the number of university students complaining of some painful condition presented a higher number, represented with 83.33% equally. Conclusion: These findings contribute to a better understanding of the challenges faced by physiotherapy students regarding musculoskeletal health and highlight the importance of preventive strategies to promote physical and mental well-being.
{"title":"Main Painful Complains among Physiotherapy Students Due to Arduous Course: A Cross Sectional Survey","authors":"Zuleide Alves Amaral, Melise Noleto da Cruz e Lima, W. N. Araujo, Thaís Bezerra de Almeida, Cassia Alves de Carvalho Noleto, Agrinazio Geraldo Nascimento Neto, Isadora Araújo, Jacqueline Aparecida Philipino Takada, Priscila França Marra Noleto, Luzia Pereira da Rocha, Adelma Martins Pereira","doi":"10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i65462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i65462","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: To analyze the main pain complaints among physiotherapy students at UnirG University, in order to understand the triggering factors and develop health promotion strategies that improve the well-being and quality of life of these students. \u0000Study Design: This study consisted of a descriptive field research, with a cross-sectional design and a qualitative-quantitative approach. \u0000Place and Duration of Study: Conducted from March 2024 to April 2024. \u0000Methodology: The sample consisted of 131 of the 202 students enrolled in the undergraduate program from the first to the tenth period, of both sexes, in the Physical Therapy course at the University of Gurupi-TO (UnirG). A questionnaire with 22 questions formulated in an objective and easy-to-understand manner was used. Data collection took place digitally, using Google Forms. \u0000Results: The results highlighted a high prevalence of musculoskeletal pain, especially in the spine, and a significant proportion of students engaged in prolonged sedentary behaviors. In the periods where the students were in supervised clinical internship, such as the ninth and tenth periods, the number of university students complaining of some painful condition presented a higher number, represented with 83.33% equally. \u0000Conclusion: These findings contribute to a better understanding of the challenges faced by physiotherapy students regarding musculoskeletal health and highlight the importance of preventive strategies to promote physical and mental well-being.","PeriodicalId":14869,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research","volume":"28 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141273631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-18DOI: 10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i55435
Stéphanie Ngimbi Luntadila, Joly Nsele Mwanet, A. Natuhoyila, Daniel Mwamba Balonga, Antoinette Yaba Antoniki, Joséphine Monga Kalenga, Tina Katamea, Dapa A. Diallo, Paul Boma Muteb, Stanis Wembonyama Okitotsho
Aims: To describe the epidemiology clinical outcome, and therapeutic aspects of sickle cell patients admitted to pediatric emergency departments, and to identify the risk factors associated with the clinical outcome. Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: University of Lubumbashi teaching hospital, pediatric emergency departments and Jason Sendwe Referral Hospital from 10 February 2020 to 30 April 2022. Methodology: 105 children with sickle cell disease aged 6 months to 16 years were admitted and recruited in the study. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze survival to D22, the log-rank test to compare survival curves, and Cox regression to identify mortality risk factors, at a significance level of p ˂ 0.05. Results: The main reasons for admission were infection (83.8%), hyperalgesic vasoocclusive crisis (73.3%) and severe anemia (36.2%). According to the Adegoke severity score, 60% of the children had a severe clinical profile, 32.4% were moderate and 7.6% were mild. Median survival was 5.9 days. Survival decreased from 80% on day 2 to 67.6% on day 22. Survival was significantly shorter for moderate and severe clinical profiles (P = 0.001), transfer from a peripheral hospital (P = 0.006), and diagnosis of an infectious syndrome (P = 0.002). The critical period was the first 2 days of hospitalization, with a mortality rate at 20% compared with an all-cause mortality rate at 12.4%. In the adjusted multivariate analyses, death risk factors were transfer (P=0.04), severe clinical profile (P=0.033), hospital stay >2 days (P=0.04), infectious syndrome (P=0.01) and suspected hepatocellular failure (P=0.009). Conclusion: Sickle cell morbidity and mortality in Lubumbashi are high and associated with mostly controllable risk factors. The prognosis for sickle cell disease can be improved by training health workers in sickle cell disease and by better organizing specific care at all levels of the health pyramid.
{"title":"Clinical Features and Outcome of Sickle Cell Patients in Pediatric Emergency Departments in Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of Congo","authors":"Stéphanie Ngimbi Luntadila, Joly Nsele Mwanet, A. Natuhoyila, Daniel Mwamba Balonga, Antoinette Yaba Antoniki, Joséphine Monga Kalenga, Tina Katamea, Dapa A. Diallo, Paul Boma Muteb, Stanis Wembonyama Okitotsho","doi":"10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i55435","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i55435","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: To describe the epidemiology clinical outcome, and therapeutic aspects of sickle cell patients admitted to pediatric emergency departments, and to identify the risk factors associated with the clinical outcome.\u0000Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study.\u0000Place and Duration of Study: University of Lubumbashi teaching hospital, pediatric emergency departments and Jason Sendwe Referral Hospital from 10 February 2020 to 30 April 2022.\u0000Methodology: 105 children with sickle cell disease aged 6 months to 16 years were admitted and recruited in the study. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze survival to D22, the log-rank test to compare survival curves, and Cox regression to identify mortality risk factors, at a significance level of p ˂ 0.05.\u0000Results: The main reasons for admission were infection (83.8%), hyperalgesic vasoocclusive crisis (73.3%) and severe anemia (36.2%). According to the Adegoke severity score, 60% of the children had a severe clinical profile, 32.4% were moderate and 7.6% were mild. Median survival was 5.9 days. Survival decreased from 80% on day 2 to 67.6% on day 22. Survival was significantly shorter for moderate and severe clinical profiles (P = 0.001), transfer from a peripheral hospital (P = 0.006), and diagnosis of an infectious syndrome (P = 0.002). The critical period was the first 2 days of hospitalization, with a mortality rate at 20% compared with an all-cause mortality rate at 12.4%. In the adjusted multivariate analyses, death risk factors were transfer (P=0.04), severe clinical profile (P=0.033), hospital stay >2 days (P=0.04), infectious syndrome (P=0.01) and suspected hepatocellular failure (P=0.009).\u0000Conclusion: Sickle cell morbidity and mortality in Lubumbashi are high and associated with mostly controllable risk factors. The prognosis for sickle cell disease can be improved by training health workers in sickle cell disease and by better organizing specific care at all levels of the health pyramid.","PeriodicalId":14869,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research","volume":" 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140689839","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-17DOI: 10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i55431
David Chibututu Nwobu, E. Ezema, Tricia Okoye, A. O. Ugwu, Ogochukwu Agazie, I. O. Oranusi, Eliakim Hilkiah, Emmanuel Chiebuka, John Mmadubuchi, Chinenye Loveth Aleke
Background: The management of ingrown toenails in Nigeria is notably underdeveloped, posing potential challenges for patients in mental health facilities and beyond. Addressing this issue requires an interdisciplinary approach and collaboration with other healthcare professionals. Furthermore, there is an important need for a comprehensive review of the treatment guidelines for the anesthetic and surgical techniques utilized in its treatment to improve the quality of patient care. Methods: We employed a structured narrative approach to identify and review available articles on ingrown toenail management in mental health and other health facilities in Nigeria. We aimed to evaluate the anesthetic and surgical techniques utilized in managing these patients. Results: No documented treatment for ingrown toenails was identified among patients in mental health facilities across Nigeria. While various surgical techniques are employed for management in other health facilities, the specific anesthesia techniques utilized are unclear. Conclusions: A unified management protocol and guideline for ingrown toenails and developing podiatry training in Nigeria are imperative. Developing and implementing an effective treatment protocol improves the quality of care and widens coverage for all patients. In addition, establishing podiatry training across educational facilities could bridge this gap in ensuring optimal care for these patient populations.
{"title":"Ingrown Toenail Management Across Mental Health and Other Health Facilities in Nigeria: A Review of Anesthetic and Surgical Management","authors":"David Chibututu Nwobu, E. Ezema, Tricia Okoye, A. O. Ugwu, Ogochukwu Agazie, I. O. Oranusi, Eliakim Hilkiah, Emmanuel Chiebuka, John Mmadubuchi, Chinenye Loveth Aleke","doi":"10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i55431","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i55431","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The management of ingrown toenails in Nigeria is notably underdeveloped, posing potential challenges for patients in mental health facilities and beyond. Addressing this issue requires an interdisciplinary approach and collaboration with other healthcare professionals. Furthermore, there is an important need for a comprehensive review of the treatment guidelines for the anesthetic and surgical techniques utilized in its treatment to improve the quality of patient care.\u0000Methods: We employed a structured narrative approach to identify and review available articles on ingrown toenail management in mental health and other health facilities in Nigeria. We aimed to evaluate the anesthetic and surgical techniques utilized in managing these patients.\u0000Results: No documented treatment for ingrown toenails was identified among patients in mental health facilities across Nigeria. While various surgical techniques are employed for management in other health facilities, the specific anesthesia techniques utilized are unclear.\u0000Conclusions: A unified management protocol and guideline for ingrown toenails and developing podiatry training in Nigeria are imperative. Developing and implementing an effective treatment protocol improves the quality of care and widens coverage for all patients. In addition, establishing podiatry training across educational facilities could bridge this gap in ensuring optimal care for these patient populations.","PeriodicalId":14869,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research","volume":"139 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140694167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-17DOI: 10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i55432
Thais Morgana Mendes Santos, Andressa Duarte de Souza, Ariel de Castro Mendes Sá, Jonathan Lopes Moreira, Lucas Cardoso Batista, Marcela Costa Amorim, Matheus Ribeiro Moreira, Michelly Siman Glória, K. Sampaio
Background and Aims: Structural and functional lung damage is the most documented impairment in SARS-CoV-2. Nevertheless, the virus's impact extends beyond pulmonary manifestations, affecting various organs and tissues, including the kidneys, known for their expression of ACE2, the virus's cell entry receptor. The objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive summary of studies investigating kidney injuries in individuals lacking prior renal conditions following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methodology: A literature search encompassed studies published between December 2019 and September 2022, adhering to the PRISMA protocol. Electronic search strategies were developed to identify relevant studies across several bibliographic databases, including Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Knowledge, Embase, Scielo, Lilacs, Bireme, and Cochrane databases. A comprehensive analysis was undertaken, encompassing 43 studies involving 128 patients selected based on stringent inclusion criteria: a confirmed diagnosis of SARS-COV-2 infection, observable renal alterations through microscopy, and/or viral presence detected in the kidneys. Results: The included patients, primarily male (60.1%) with an average age of 53, exhibited prevalent comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, and obesity. The predominant outcome was death (43.7%), and various renal lesions were identified, with sclerosis, hyalinosis, tubular necrosis, and vascular injuries being the most common. Tubular lesions combined with glomerular lesions were frequently observed, regardless of comorbidity status. A greater predominance of renal involvement in patients with associated comorbidities, mainly arterial hypertension. The limited detection of the virus in renal tissue suggests a multifactorial origin of renal lesions, not solely attributed to the virus itself. The risk of bias assessment revealed mostly high-quality studies, with 24 assessed as low risk, 15 as moderate, and four as high risk. Conclusion: Ours results provides a comprehensive analysis of kidney injuries in COVID-19 patients, emphasizing the significant role of comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, and obesity in contributing to the severity and occurrence of renal complications. Notably, hypertension emerges as a prominent risk factor. The findings suggest a multifaceted manifestation of kidney injury induced by SARS-CoV-2, involving both direct viral impact on kidney tissue and a systemic response to the infection. The study underscores the importance of understanding the renal implications of COVID-19 for guiding targeted interventions and future research in this critical area.
{"title":"Renal Histopathological Lesions Associated with SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Patients with no History of Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review","authors":"Thais Morgana Mendes Santos, Andressa Duarte de Souza, Ariel de Castro Mendes Sá, Jonathan Lopes Moreira, Lucas Cardoso Batista, Marcela Costa Amorim, Matheus Ribeiro Moreira, Michelly Siman Glória, K. Sampaio","doi":"10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i55432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i55432","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Aims: Structural and functional lung damage is the most documented impairment in SARS-CoV-2. Nevertheless, the virus's impact extends beyond pulmonary manifestations, affecting various organs and tissues, including the kidneys, known for their expression of ACE2, the virus's cell entry receptor. The objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive summary of studies investigating kidney injuries in individuals lacking prior renal conditions following SARS-CoV-2 infection.\u0000Methodology: A literature search encompassed studies published between December 2019 and September 2022, adhering to the PRISMA protocol. Electronic search strategies were developed to identify relevant studies across several bibliographic databases, including Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Knowledge, Embase, Scielo, Lilacs, Bireme, and Cochrane databases. A comprehensive analysis was undertaken, encompassing 43 studies involving 128 patients selected based on stringent inclusion criteria: a confirmed diagnosis of SARS-COV-2 infection, observable renal alterations through microscopy, and/or viral presence detected in the kidneys.\u0000Results: The included patients, primarily male (60.1%) with an average age of 53, exhibited prevalent comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, and obesity. The predominant outcome was death (43.7%), and various renal lesions were identified, with sclerosis, hyalinosis, tubular necrosis, and vascular injuries being the most common. Tubular lesions combined with glomerular lesions were frequently observed, regardless of comorbidity status. A greater predominance of renal involvement in patients with associated comorbidities, mainly arterial hypertension. The limited detection of the virus in renal tissue suggests a multifactorial origin of renal lesions, not solely attributed to the virus itself. The risk of bias assessment revealed mostly high-quality studies, with 24 assessed as low risk, 15 as moderate, and four as high risk.\u0000Conclusion: Ours results provides a comprehensive analysis of kidney injuries in COVID-19 patients, emphasizing the significant role of comorbidities such as hypertension, diabetes, and obesity in contributing to the severity and occurrence of renal complications. Notably, hypertension emerges as a prominent risk factor. The findings suggest a multifaceted manifestation of kidney injury induced by SARS-CoV-2, involving both direct viral impact on kidney tissue and a systemic response to the infection. The study underscores the importance of understanding the renal implications of COVID-19 for guiding targeted interventions and future research in this critical area.","PeriodicalId":14869,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research","volume":" 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140692552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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