Pub Date : 2024-04-09DOI: 10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i55422
N. Udora, Ifeyinwa Jennifer Ajulufo, E. N. Ossai, Emmanuel Chukwudi Ejim
Aim: To estimate the sample size for the prevalence of pre-clinical left ventricular diastolic dysfunction using two American college of echocardiography guidelines in a semi-urban Nigerian population. Study Design: Cross sectional, population based. Place and Duration of Study: Neni, Anambra State, Nigeria on the 18th and 19th December 2023. Methodology: Fifty subjects with age range of 18—70 years were consecutively recruited after a community awareness creation. Subjects gave informed oral and/or written consent before proceeding for an interviewer administered questioning of their biodata and clinical history. Anthropometric measurements were obtained followed by clinical examination and electrocardiography. Echocardiography was done using the American Society of Echocardiography (ASE) guideline with the left ventricular diastolic function assessed using the 2009 and 2016 guidelines. Results: Mean age of participants was 54.3±14.0 years consisting of 15 males and 35 females. The prevalence of pre-clinical left ventricular diastolic dysfunction was 16% and 14% using the ASE 2009 and 2016 guidelines respectively. Conclusion: Prevalence enabling accurate sample size calculation for the main study was obtained. Modifications were made to the research proposal based on lessons learnt.
{"title":"Pilot Study; Estimating Sample Size for the Prevalence of Pre-Clinical Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction Using Two American College of Echocardiography Guidelines in a Semi-Urban Nigerian Population","authors":"N. Udora, Ifeyinwa Jennifer Ajulufo, E. N. Ossai, Emmanuel Chukwudi Ejim","doi":"10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i55422","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i55422","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: To estimate the sample size for the prevalence of pre-clinical left ventricular diastolic dysfunction using two American college of echocardiography guidelines in a semi-urban Nigerian population.\u0000Study Design: Cross sectional, population based.\u0000Place and Duration of Study: Neni, Anambra State, Nigeria on the 18th and 19th December 2023.\u0000Methodology: Fifty subjects with age range of 18—70 years were consecutively recruited after a community awareness creation. Subjects gave informed oral and/or written consent before proceeding for an interviewer administered questioning of their biodata and clinical history. Anthropometric measurements were obtained followed by clinical examination and electrocardiography. Echocardiography was done using the American Society of Echocardiography (ASE) guideline with the left ventricular diastolic function assessed using the 2009 and 2016 guidelines.\u0000Results: Mean age of participants was 54.3±14.0 years consisting of 15 males and 35 females. The prevalence of pre-clinical left ventricular diastolic dysfunction was 16% and 14% using the ASE 2009 and 2016 guidelines respectively.\u0000Conclusion: Prevalence enabling accurate sample size calculation for the main study was obtained. Modifications were made to the research proposal based on lessons learnt.","PeriodicalId":14869,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140727650","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-06DOI: 10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i55419
Foivos Papadopoulos
Puncta and canalicular obstruction is a common ophthalmological condition that can lead to significant morbidity and impaired tear drainage. This comprehensive analysis aims to provide an overview of the etiological factors and risk factors associated with this condition, along with a detailed examination of the anatomy of the lacrimal drainage system. Diagnostic techniques for assessing puncta and canalicular obstruction, including clinical evaluation, patient history, imaging techniques, and tear drainage tests, are discussed. Additionally, various treatment options for managing this condition are presented, including the management of specific etiological factors such as inflammation, infections, neoplastic conditions, and anatomical abnormalities. The article also addresses potential complications and provides insights into the prognosis of puncta and canalicular obstruction. By elucidating the multifaceted aspects of this condition, this comprehensive analysis aims to contribute to the understanding and management of puncta and canalicular obstruction, ultimately improving patient outcomes.
{"title":"Etiology, Diagnosis and Treatment for Puncta and Canalicular Obstruction: A Comprehensive Analysis","authors":"Foivos Papadopoulos","doi":"10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i55419","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i55419","url":null,"abstract":"Puncta and canalicular obstruction is a common ophthalmological condition that can lead to significant morbidity and impaired tear drainage. This comprehensive analysis aims to provide an overview of the etiological factors and risk factors associated with this condition, along with a detailed examination of the anatomy of the lacrimal drainage system. Diagnostic techniques for assessing puncta and canalicular obstruction, including clinical evaluation, patient history, imaging techniques, and tear drainage tests, are discussed. Additionally, various treatment options for managing this condition are presented, including the management of specific etiological factors such as inflammation, infections, neoplastic conditions, and anatomical abnormalities. The article also addresses potential complications and provides insights into the prognosis of puncta and canalicular obstruction. By elucidating the multifaceted aspects of this condition, this comprehensive analysis aims to contribute to the understanding and management of puncta and canalicular obstruction, ultimately improving patient outcomes.","PeriodicalId":14869,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research","volume":"13 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140734911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-06DOI: 10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i55421
Lucas Bernardim de Oliveira, Bárbara Mendes Paz Chao, A. Bini, M. Cordeiro, Emerson Carraro
Breast cancer is the second most diagnosed type of cancer in women, with approximately 2.3 million cases reported in 2020. According to estimates by Brazil's National Cancer Institute, there will be approximately 74,000 new cases in the three-year period 2023-2025. It is divided into 4 molecular subtypes, Luminal A, Luminal B (hormone-positive), HER-2 and triple-negative. Regarding treatment, particularly for the luminal subtypes, hormone therapy is fundamental, since they grow from estrogen stimulation. However, processes can occur that lead to therapeutic resistance, such as mutations in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, which acts in the regulation of various cellular functions. The search for drugs that inhibit this pathway as an alternative treatment may play a key role in overcoming this resistance. This systematic review aimed to study new candidate drugs for inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway as an alternative treatment in cases of resistance to hormone therapy. The study was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, using the PubMed database with the following terms: "breast cancer", "PI3K/AKT/mTOR", "immunotherapy" without restriction of year and language. A total of 36 articles were found and 3 were included in this review. The drug candidates presented promising results in terms of inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, as well as some advantages such as a reduction in adverse effects, an increase in the average density of cytotoxic T cells and greater expression of interferon signaling genes, which through their immunoregulatory function lead to an increase in the body's ability to react to tumor cells. Despite this, there is still a need for more studies on the subject, especially in vivo studies that can assess the biosafety and efficacy profile, with the aim of compiling sufficient data to make the introduction of these new drugs in breast cancer therapy a reality.
{"title":"PI3K/AKT/mTOR Inhibitor Drug Candidates for the Treatment of Hormone Resistant Breast Cancer: A Systematic Review","authors":"Lucas Bernardim de Oliveira, Bárbara Mendes Paz Chao, A. Bini, M. Cordeiro, Emerson Carraro","doi":"10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i55421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i55421","url":null,"abstract":"Breast cancer is the second most diagnosed type of cancer in women, with approximately 2.3 million cases reported in 2020. According to estimates by Brazil's National Cancer Institute, there will be approximately 74,000 new cases in the three-year period 2023-2025. It is divided into 4 molecular subtypes, Luminal A, Luminal B (hormone-positive), HER-2 and triple-negative. Regarding treatment, particularly for the luminal subtypes, hormone therapy is fundamental, since they grow from estrogen stimulation. However, processes can occur that lead to therapeutic resistance, such as mutations in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, which acts in the regulation of various cellular functions. The search for drugs that inhibit this pathway as an alternative treatment may play a key role in overcoming this resistance. This systematic review aimed to study new candidate drugs for inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway as an alternative treatment in cases of resistance to hormone therapy. The study was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, using the PubMed database with the following terms: \"breast cancer\", \"PI3K/AKT/mTOR\", \"immunotherapy\" without restriction of year and language. A total of 36 articles were found and 3 were included in this review. The drug candidates presented promising results in terms of inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway, as well as some advantages such as a reduction in adverse effects, an increase in the average density of cytotoxic T cells and greater expression of interferon signaling genes, which through their immunoregulatory function lead to an increase in the body's ability to react to tumor cells. Despite this, there is still a need for more studies on the subject, especially in vivo studies that can assess the biosafety and efficacy profile, with the aim of compiling sufficient data to make the introduction of these new drugs in breast cancer therapy a reality.","PeriodicalId":14869,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research","volume":"29 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140734426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aims: To identify the prevalence and associated factors of dental bruxism in children during the development of occlusion. Study Design: Cross-sectional observational study. Place and Duration of Study: Data was collected in two private dental clinics in the city of Maringá - PR. Children treated between 2014 and 2021 were included. Methodology: 417 medical records of children aged between 5 and 12 years old were selected from two dental clinics in the same city. 260 participants answered a questionnaire to identify bruxism complaints. Bruxism was considered possible when those responsible for the patients indicated the occurrence of audible sounds such as teeth grinding and considered probable when there was a report from those responsible for the patients and tooth wear assessed in the clinical examination. 42 children were included in the group of patients with possible bruxism (GB) and 42 in the control group (absence of bruxism - GC). The results were subjected to statistical and descriptive analysis. Results: A prevalence of possible bruxism of 24.6% was observed and an association was found for the variables: pain in the temporomandibular joints, ringing in the ears, headache, unilateral chewing, joints with pain when chewing, fatigue in the muscles of the face after a long meal, harmful habits such as onychophagia, biting cheeks and pen; snoring, sleeping with their mouth open; behavioral profile: nervousness about new things and lack of motivation with tasks, in addition to the severity of tooth wear. Conclusion: The prevalence of probable bruxism in children was 24.6%, with manifestations most occurring at night. More clinical studies are needed to develop multidisciplinary approaches for managing childhood bruxism.
{"title":"Sleep and Awake Bruxism in Pediatric Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study of Prevalence and Associated Factors","authors":"Juliana Kois Guimarães, Tuane-Mertz Lucietto, Débora Lopes Salles Scheffel, Adilson-Luiz Ramos, M. Provenzano","doi":"10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i55420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i55420","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: To identify the prevalence and associated factors of dental bruxism in children during the development of occlusion.\u0000Study Design: Cross-sectional observational study.\u0000Place and Duration of Study: Data was collected in two private dental clinics in the city of Maringá - PR. Children treated between 2014 and 2021 were included.\u0000Methodology: 417 medical records of children aged between 5 and 12 years old were selected from two dental clinics in the same city. 260 participants answered a questionnaire to identify bruxism complaints. Bruxism was considered possible when those responsible for the patients indicated the occurrence of audible sounds such as teeth grinding and considered probable when there was a report from those responsible for the patients and tooth wear assessed in the clinical examination. 42 children were included in the group of patients with possible bruxism (GB) and 42 in the control group (absence of bruxism - GC). The results were subjected to statistical and descriptive analysis.\u0000Results: A prevalence of possible bruxism of 24.6% was observed and an association was found for the variables: pain in the temporomandibular joints, ringing in the ears, headache, unilateral chewing, joints with pain when chewing, fatigue in the muscles of the face after a long meal, harmful habits such as onychophagia, biting cheeks and pen; snoring, sleeping with their mouth open; behavioral profile: nervousness about new things and lack of motivation with tasks, in addition to the severity of tooth wear.\u0000Conclusion: The prevalence of probable bruxism in children was 24.6%, with manifestations most occurring at night. More clinical studies are needed to develop multidisciplinary approaches for managing childhood bruxism.","PeriodicalId":14869,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research","volume":"32 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140734584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-05DOI: 10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i55418
Y. Brahmi, Mahmoud Dabbagh, Ballouch Mohamed, Noufou Fodiya Moctar, Walid Chair, Mohammed Najih
Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are rare tumors that are capable of secreting hormones into the bloodstream. They can affect any organ but are most commonly found in the digestive system, particularly in the small intestine. Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are often identified in later stages due to the emergence of nonspecific symptoms. Chromogranin A serves as the primary biochemical indicator for NETs. Evaluating the extent of the disease typically involves conventional imaging techniques such as CT scans and MRIs, as well as isotopic imaging methods. Curative surgery remains the gold standard in the management of small intestine neuroendocrine tumors (SI-NETs). It should be considered as soon as possible, even in cases of metastatic stage. Somatostatin analogs (SSAs) are pivotal in both managing symptoms and therapeutically addressing metastatic Neuroendocrine Tumors (NETs). we present a case of a neuroendocrine tumor with intestinal obstruction along with a literature review.
神经内分泌肿瘤（NET）是一种能够向血液中分泌激素的罕见肿瘤。它们可以影响任何器官，但最常见于消化系统，尤其是小肠。神经内分泌肿瘤（NET）通常在晚期由于出现非特异性症状而被发现。 嗜铬粒蛋白 A 是检测 NET 的主要生化指标。评估疾病的程度通常需要采用常规成像技术，如 CT 扫描和核磁共振成像，以及同位素成像方法。治愈性手术仍是治疗小肠神经内分泌肿瘤（SI-NET）的金标准。即使是处于转移期的病例，也应尽早考虑手术治疗。体生长抑素类似物（SSA）在控制症状和治疗转移性神经内分泌肿瘤（NETs）方面都起着关键作用。我们介绍了一例伴有肠梗阻的神经内分泌肿瘤病例，并进行了文献综述。
{"title":"Intestinal Obstruction as a Manifestation of Metastatic Gastrointestinal Neuroendocrine Tumor – A Case Report and Literature Review","authors":"Y. Brahmi, Mahmoud Dabbagh, Ballouch Mohamed, Noufou Fodiya Moctar, Walid Chair, Mohammed Najih","doi":"10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i55418","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i55418","url":null,"abstract":"Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are rare tumors that are capable of secreting hormones into the bloodstream. They can affect any organ but are most commonly found in the digestive system, particularly in the small intestine. \u0000Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are often identified in later stages due to the emergence of nonspecific symptoms. Chromogranin A serves as the primary biochemical indicator for NETs. Evaluating the extent of the disease typically involves conventional imaging techniques such as CT scans and MRIs, as well as isotopic imaging methods. \u0000Curative surgery remains the gold standard in the management of small intestine neuroendocrine tumors (SI-NETs). It should be considered as soon as possible, even in cases of metastatic stage. \u0000Somatostatin analogs (SSAs) are pivotal in both managing symptoms and therapeutically addressing metastatic Neuroendocrine Tumors (NETs). \u0000we present a case of a neuroendocrine tumor with intestinal obstruction along with a literature review.","PeriodicalId":14869,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140736158","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: To find out the status of the management of dental health services in selected Upazila Health Complex. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted between January 2022 and December 2022 at Three Upazila Health Complex (UHC) in Mymensingh District. The study aimed to assess the management of dental health services. A total of 368 respondents, comprising 35 service providers and 333 service receivers, were selected using a convenient sampling method. Relevant data were collected through a pretested semi-structured questionnaire, and an observation checklist was used to identify the available facilities. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22. Results: Out of 35 service providers, 51.4% recommended the need for an adequate supply of gloves and masks. 80% of them expressed concern over the inadequate number of service providers, while 68.6% suggested an increase in manpower. Additionally, 17.1% of service providers suggested ensuring an adequate supply of instruments and materials. Among the 333 service receivers, 45% reported being consulted and referred to a referral system. All service receivers would recommend their family, friends, and relatives to visit the UHC for dental health services. Furthermore, 79.9% of service receivers were satisfied with their treatment. However, 75.6% of service receivers did not receive test facilities, 53.2% did not receive all prescribed medicines, and 85.9% did not receive dental health education. About 23.37% of service receivers recommended providing all types of treatment, and 22.28% recommended ensuring an adequate supply of all drugs. Unfortunately, there were no emergency generators and wheelchairs available for severely ill and aged patient. Conclusion: Continuous improvement is necessary to achieve the ideal dental service. This improvement can be achieved through the enhancement of facilities, utilization of modern equipment, adequate manpower, in-service training, and other means to improve the overall management of dental health services under the Upazila Health Complex (UHC).
{"title":"Management of Dental Health Services in Selected Upazila Health Complex","authors":"Samina Akter Sanda, Rubena Haque, Mst. Fatiha Eyasmin Shipa, Lita Bose","doi":"10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i55417","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i55417","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To find out the status of the management of dental health services in selected Upazila Health Complex.\u0000Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted between January 2022 and December 2022 at Three Upazila Health Complex (UHC) in Mymensingh District. The study aimed to assess the management of dental health services. A total of 368 respondents, comprising 35 service providers and 333 service receivers, were selected using a convenient sampling method. Relevant data were collected through a pretested semi-structured questionnaire, and an observation checklist was used to identify the available facilities. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22.\u0000Results: Out of 35 service providers, 51.4% recommended the need for an adequate supply of gloves and masks. 80% of them expressed concern over the inadequate number of service providers, while 68.6% suggested an increase in manpower. Additionally, 17.1% of service providers suggested ensuring an adequate supply of instruments and materials.\u0000Among the 333 service receivers, 45% reported being consulted and referred to a referral system. All service receivers would recommend their family, friends, and relatives to visit the UHC for dental health services. Furthermore, 79.9% of service receivers were satisfied with their treatment.\u0000However, 75.6% of service receivers did not receive test facilities, 53.2% did not receive all prescribed medicines, and 85.9% did not receive dental health education. About 23.37% of service receivers recommended providing all types of treatment, and 22.28% recommended ensuring an adequate supply of all drugs.\u0000Unfortunately, there were no emergency generators and wheelchairs available for severely ill and aged patient.\u0000Conclusion: Continuous improvement is necessary to achieve the ideal dental service. This improvement can be achieved through the enhancement of facilities, utilization of modern equipment, adequate manpower, in-service training, and other means to improve the overall management of dental health services under the Upazila Health Complex (UHC).","PeriodicalId":14869,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research","volume":"73 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140741539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-03DOI: 10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i55416
Sadaf Nasir, Manzar Hussain, Bushra Shamim, Fawwaz Bin Shahab, Muhammad Yassar Jazaib Ali
Study Design: Prospective observational study conducted at a large tertiary care center in Karachi, Pakistan. Purpose: To examine the association between positive facet fluid on T2-weighted MRI of lumbosacral spine and the presence of instability on lateral flexion/extension radiographs, and to determine whether a correlation exists between the quantity of facet fluid on axial MRI and the degree of spinal instability on lateral standing flexion/extension radiographs. Overview of literature: The presence of increased facet fluid on axial T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been proposed as a potential marker for motion segment instability in the lumbar spine. Both facet fluid on MRI and spinal instability on dynamic x-rays are crucial in diagnosing and managing low back pain, guiding decisions on surgical interventions. Methods: We analyzed the prospectively collected data from patients meeting the inclusion criteria. Facet fluid measurements were made according to Schinnerer's criteria on axial T2-weighted images and anterior translation as a marker of instability was evaluated on dynamic radiographs for all eligible patients. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS version 23, employing cross-tabulations, chi-square tests, and Pearson correlation. The study utilized a null hypothesis to evaluate the association between facet fluid and spinal instability. Results: Our findings demonstrated a statistically significant association between positive facet fluid on MRI and the occurrence of instability on lateral flexion/extension radiographs. Moreover, we found a strong positive correlation between the volume of facet fluid on axial MRI and the level of spinal instability on standing flexion/extension radiographs. Conclusion: Based upon these outcomes, we propose that standing lateral flexion–extension radiographs should be routinely administered to patients exhibiting increased facet fluid signals on MRI, as they may provide valuable information regarding potential spinal instability. Further research will help establish the clinical utility of this approach in managing degenerative lumbar diseases.
研究设计：在巴基斯坦卡拉奇的一家大型三级医疗中心进行的前瞻性观察研究。目的： 研究腰骶椎 T2 加权磁共振成像上的面液阳性与侧向屈伸位片上的不稳定性之间的关联，并确定轴向磁共振成像上的面液数量与侧向站立屈伸位片上的脊柱不稳定性程度之间是否存在相关性。文献综述：轴向 T2 加权磁共振成像（MRI）上出现增多的切面液被认为是腰椎运动节段不稳定的潜在标志。核磁共振成像上的切面液和动态 X 光片上的脊柱不稳定性对于诊断和治疗腰背痛至关重要，可指导手术干预决策。方法：我们对符合纳入标准的患者的前瞻性数据进行了分析。根据 Schinnerer 标准在轴向 T2 加权图像上测量面液，并在所有符合条件的患者的动态 X 光片上评估作为不稳定性标志的前移。统计分析使用 IBM SPSS 23 版本，采用交叉表、卡方检验和皮尔逊相关性。该研究采用零假设来评估切面液与脊柱不稳定性之间的关联。结果我们的研究结果表明，核磁共振成像上的切面液阳性与侧屈/伸展X光片上的不稳定性之间存在统计学意义上的显著关联。此外，我们还发现轴向核磁共振成像上的切面积液量与立位屈/伸位X光片上的脊柱不稳定性程度之间存在很强的正相关性。结论：基于这些结果，我们建议对在磁共振成像中显示出面液信号增加的患者常规进行站立侧屈伸X光片检查，因为它们可提供有关潜在脊柱不稳定性的宝贵信息。进一步的研究将有助于确定这种方法在治疗腰椎退行性疾病方面的临床实用性。
{"title":"Association between Facet Fluid on Supine Axial T2-Weighted MRI and Sagittal Instability on Dynamic Standing Lateral Radiographs in Patients with Degenerative Lumbar Disease","authors":"Sadaf Nasir, Manzar Hussain, Bushra Shamim, Fawwaz Bin Shahab, Muhammad Yassar Jazaib Ali","doi":"10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i55416","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i55416","url":null,"abstract":"Study Design: Prospective observational study conducted at a large tertiary care center in Karachi, Pakistan. \u0000Purpose: To examine the association between positive facet fluid on T2-weighted MRI of lumbosacral spine and the presence of instability on lateral flexion/extension radiographs, and to determine whether a correlation exists between the quantity of facet fluid on axial MRI and the degree of spinal instability on lateral standing flexion/extension radiographs. \u0000Overview of literature: The presence of increased facet fluid on axial T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been proposed as a potential marker for motion segment instability in the lumbar spine. Both facet fluid on MRI and spinal instability on dynamic x-rays are crucial in diagnosing and managing low back pain, guiding decisions on surgical interventions. \u0000Methods: We analyzed the prospectively collected data from patients meeting the inclusion criteria. Facet fluid measurements were made according to Schinnerer's criteria on axial T2-weighted images and anterior translation as a marker of instability was evaluated on dynamic radiographs for all eligible patients. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM SPSS version 23, employing cross-tabulations, chi-square tests, and Pearson correlation. The study utilized a null hypothesis to evaluate the association between facet fluid and spinal instability. \u0000Results: Our findings demonstrated a statistically significant association between positive facet fluid on MRI and the occurrence of instability on lateral flexion/extension radiographs. Moreover, we found a strong positive correlation between the volume of facet fluid on axial MRI and the level of spinal instability on standing flexion/extension radiographs. \u0000Conclusion: Based upon these outcomes, we propose that standing lateral flexion–extension radiographs should be routinely administered to patients exhibiting increased facet fluid signals on MRI, as they may provide valuable information regarding potential spinal instability. Further research will help establish the clinical utility of this approach in managing degenerative lumbar diseases.","PeriodicalId":14869,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research","volume":"39 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140749927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Introduction: Neonatal jaundice (neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia), characterized by yellowish discoloration of the skin and sclera of newborn infants is caused by high serum bilirubin levels. Amongst infants, it is an important cause of preventable brain injury, mental handicap, physical disabilities and death; arising from poor understanding that leads to dangerous delays in seeking care and imitating appropriate management. Objective: To evaluate the perception, knowledge, practices and attitudes of mothers related to neonatal jaundice (NNJ). Methods: Convenience sampling technique was used to obtain data from consecutive parents who attended the well child/immunization clinic of the Federal Teaching Hospital Owerri, Nigeria, from January 2023 to April 2023. A structured questionnaire was utilized to assess knowledge, attitude and treatment related to neonatal jaundice. Results: The valid response rate was 80%.Of the participating parents, 92.8% had knowledge about neonatal jaundice and this was associated with class I socioeconomic class (OR 11.88 95% CI:1.85to76.18) while 54.4% of the respondents acknowledged jaundice as an emergency.Knowledge of jaundice as an emergency was associated with a high education level (i.e. university degree or its equivalent; OR=8.33, 95% CI: 2.70 to 25.00, p=0.001), prior education on neonatal jaundice (OR=3.62, 95% CI: 1.64 to 7.99, p=0.001) and male babies (OR=1.71, 95% CI: 1.12 to 2.62, p=0.013). Although 62.3% of the participants recognized blood group/rhesus incompatibility as a cause of neonatal jaundice, 22.5% of them did not know neonatal jaundice was dangerous. Of the 243 whose wards had had jaundice, 78.6% recognized yellow eyes as a sign of jaundice, with 38.8% of them being managed in places other than a health facility. Amongst the participants, 71(45.1%) recognized the two effective treatment methods for neonatal jaundice. Thirteen (4.1%) of the participants knew that awareness could be created through the social media. Modest negative correlations between the knowledge of jaundice, its awareness as an emergency and the eventual outcome were observed (Kendall’s tau-b (tb) = -0.187, p =.033 and tb= -0.254, p <.001, respectively). Conclusion: Most of the subjects in this study had knowledge about jaundice and about half recognized it as an emergency. A large proportion of them were unaware of the effective treatment methods. Therefore, there is a critical need for better awareness through targeted public enlightenment and educational programs.
{"title":"Jaundice and Treatment Options: Knowledge, Views and Current Practices among Caregivers of Children Attending a Teaching Hospital in Owerri, Nigeria","authors":"Ezeogu Joseph, Asinobi Kingsley, Okeji Chidimma Noela, Chimah Chioma Theresa","doi":"10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i55415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i55415","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Neonatal jaundice (neonatal hyperbilirubinaemia), characterized by yellowish discoloration of the skin and sclera of newborn infants is caused by high serum bilirubin levels. Amongst infants, it is an important cause of preventable brain injury, mental handicap, physical disabilities and death; arising from poor understanding that leads to dangerous delays in seeking care and imitating appropriate management.\u0000Objective: To evaluate the perception, knowledge, practices and attitudes of mothers related to neonatal jaundice (NNJ).\u0000Methods: Convenience sampling technique was used to obtain data from consecutive parents who attended the well child/immunization clinic of the Federal Teaching Hospital Owerri, Nigeria, from January 2023 to April 2023. A structured questionnaire was utilized to assess knowledge, attitude and treatment related to neonatal jaundice.\u0000Results: The valid response rate was 80%.Of the participating parents, 92.8% had knowledge about neonatal jaundice and this was associated with class I socioeconomic class (OR 11.88 95% CI:1.85to76.18) while 54.4% of the respondents acknowledged jaundice as an emergency.Knowledge of jaundice as an emergency was associated with a high education level (i.e. university degree or its equivalent; OR=8.33, 95% CI: 2.70 to 25.00, p=0.001), prior education on neonatal jaundice (OR=3.62, 95% CI: 1.64 to 7.99, p=0.001) and male babies (OR=1.71, 95% CI: 1.12 to 2.62, p=0.013). Although 62.3% of the participants recognized blood group/rhesus incompatibility as a cause of neonatal jaundice, 22.5% of them did not know neonatal jaundice was dangerous. Of the 243 whose wards had had jaundice, 78.6% recognized yellow eyes as a sign of jaundice, with 38.8% of them being managed in places other than a health facility. Amongst the participants, 71(45.1%) recognized the two effective treatment methods for neonatal jaundice. Thirteen (4.1%) of the participants knew that awareness could be created through the social media. Modest negative correlations between the knowledge of jaundice, its awareness as an emergency and the eventual outcome were observed (Kendall’s tau-b (tb) = -0.187, p =.033 and tb= -0.254, p <.001, respectively).\u0000Conclusion: Most of the subjects in this study had knowledge about jaundice and about half recognized it as an emergency. A large proportion of them were unaware of the effective treatment methods. Therefore, there is a critical need for better awareness through targeted public enlightenment and educational programs.","PeriodicalId":14869,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research","volume":"65 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140371606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-27DOI: 10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i55413
Phillip Leff, Majd B. Aboona, Silpa Choday, Qumber Ali, K. Wijarnpreecha, N. Alkhouri
Introduction: The field of hepatology is rapidly evolving, with new treatments being investigated using gene therapy. Gene therapy involves using a patient's genetic code and altering it to create a desired phenotype/genotype. Methods: Within this emerging domain, there is a multitude of delivery mediums used to alter genes. It is essential to understand the mechanisms of genetic therapies and the risks and benefits associated with them. This review aims to break down the mechanisms of action of gene therapies, describe current research conducted, and discuss future implications for the field of hepatology. Discussion and Conclusion: Different methods of gene therapy include gene editing, gene silencing, gene transfer, and mRNA therapy. These genetic modulations are achieved through several modalities. Examples include zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), cluster-regulated interspaced short palindromic repeats with associated cast 9 proteins (CRISPR/Cas9), SiRNA particles, antisense oligonucleotides (ASO), and synthetically engineered mRNA. Initially, the method for gene therapy included injecting genetic code, usually in a vector, to create phenotypic production in gene-deficient states. Recently, gene therapy has included more precise editing of the genome with technologies such as CRISPR-Cas9 and silencing of pathogenic genes.
{"title":"Gene Therapies in the Fight against Liver Disease: A Comprehensive Review","authors":"Phillip Leff, Majd B. Aboona, Silpa Choday, Qumber Ali, K. Wijarnpreecha, N. Alkhouri","doi":"10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i55413","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i55413","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: The field of hepatology is rapidly evolving, with new treatments being investigated using gene therapy. Gene therapy involves using a patient's genetic code and altering it to create a desired phenotype/genotype.\u0000Methods: Within this emerging domain, there is a multitude of delivery mediums used to alter genes. It is essential to understand the mechanisms of genetic therapies and the risks and benefits associated with them. This review aims to break down the mechanisms of action of gene therapies, describe current research conducted, and discuss future implications for the field of hepatology.\u0000Discussion and Conclusion: Different methods of gene therapy include gene editing, gene silencing, gene transfer, and mRNA therapy. These genetic modulations are achieved through several modalities. Examples include zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs), cluster-regulated interspaced short palindromic repeats with associated cast 9 proteins (CRISPR/Cas9), SiRNA particles, antisense oligonucleotides (ASO), and synthetically engineered mRNA. Initially, the method for gene therapy included injecting genetic code, usually in a vector, to create phenotypic production in gene-deficient states. Recently, gene therapy has included more precise editing of the genome with technologies such as CRISPR-Cas9 and silencing of pathogenic genes.","PeriodicalId":14869,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research","volume":"2 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140374133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-27DOI: 10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i55414
Isadora Pandolfo Bortolazzi, Heloise Angélico Pimpão, Vinícius Muller Reis Weber, Bruno Sergio Portela
Aims: The research aimed to investigate the correlation between musculoskeletal pain and the dimensions of the work environment during sitting posture among university staff. Methodology: The evaluation of the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain using a recall record. The measurements in the sitting working posture evaluated were: popliteal height, height from elbow to seat, table height, thigh height, hip width and sacral length. The arrangement of the workstation was also evaluated, and the height of the monitor was checked. All measurements were made using a measuring tape, with a 1mm scale. The study comprised university staff from UNICENTRO who voluntarily participated in the research. Results: The results of measurement vs estimated height, for male there was different in all variables (chair to floor, arm bent to the chair, depth measurement, eyes to the ground and table to monitor), in female group just in chair to floor, arm bent to the chair, depth measurement and table to monitor (p<0.05). The comparation of without pain vs with pain for male, there was difference in measurement from chair to floor and measurement from eyes to ground, in female group just measurement from table to monitor, (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results suggest that inadequate work station conditions can be linked to development of pain.
{"title":"Dimensioning of the Work Environment and Prevalence of Pain in University Staff","authors":"Isadora Pandolfo Bortolazzi, Heloise Angélico Pimpão, Vinícius Muller Reis Weber, Bruno Sergio Portela","doi":"10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i55414","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.9734/jammr/2024/v36i55414","url":null,"abstract":"Aims: The research aimed to investigate the correlation between musculoskeletal pain and the dimensions of the work environment during sitting posture among university staff. \u0000Methodology: The evaluation of the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain using a recall record. The measurements in the sitting working posture evaluated were: popliteal height, height from elbow to seat, table height, thigh height, hip width and sacral length. The arrangement of the workstation was also evaluated, and the height of the monitor was checked. All measurements were made using a measuring tape, with a 1mm scale. The study comprised university staff from UNICENTRO who voluntarily participated in the research. \u0000Results: The results of measurement vs estimated height, for male there was different in all variables (chair to floor, arm bent to the chair, depth measurement, eyes to the ground and table to monitor), in female group just in chair to floor, arm bent to the chair, depth measurement and table to monitor (p<0.05). The comparation of without pain vs with pain for male, there was difference in measurement from chair to floor and measurement from eyes to ground, in female group just measurement from table to monitor, (p<0.05). \u0000Conclusion: The results suggest that inadequate work station conditions can be linked to development of pain.","PeriodicalId":14869,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advances in Medicine and Medical Research","volume":"99 44","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140377264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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