Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.1109/WPTC45513.2019.9055570
T. Ikeuchi, Y. Kawahara, Joshua R. Smith
Low power devices driven by energy harvesting are limited in working range by transmit power restrictions. Power optimized waveforms (POWs) have been proposed as a way to achieve a longer working range without increasing average transmit power. In the ultra high frequency (UHF) band, bandwidth occupancy needs to be small enough to satisfy relevant regulations: thus the wideband POWs explored in some prior work may be less practical than narrowband POWs. This paper experimentally evaluates the performance of narrowband multi-sine based POWs, varying number of sines from 2 to 20 and occupied bandwidth of 10 kHz, 100 kHz, and 1 MHz-all narrowband from a regulatory perspective. Our key result is that additional sine waves improve voltage sensitivity, but not Power Conversion Efficiency. In our experiments, we observed the voltage sensitivity benefits of the multi-sine POWs to be most pronounced at a power level of -13 dBm; at signal levels significantly below (-30 dBm) or above (0 dBm) this level, their benefits diminish. Finally, we also observe that in a real system (the WISP 5.1, which includes a rectifier and DC-DC converter), voltage sensitivity is a much more complex function of waveform and signal power than in simpler idealized rectifiers. The sensitivity is a non-monotonic and complex function of the number of sines, occupied bandwidth, and signal strength.
{"title":"Experimental Characterization of Narrowband Power Optimized Waveforms","authors":"T. Ikeuchi, Y. Kawahara, Joshua R. Smith","doi":"10.1109/WPTC45513.2019.9055570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WPTC45513.2019.9055570","url":null,"abstract":"Low power devices driven by energy harvesting are limited in working range by transmit power restrictions. Power optimized waveforms (POWs) have been proposed as a way to achieve a longer working range without increasing average transmit power. In the ultra high frequency (UHF) band, bandwidth occupancy needs to be small enough to satisfy relevant regulations: thus the wideband POWs explored in some prior work may be less practical than narrowband POWs. This paper experimentally evaluates the performance of narrowband multi-sine based POWs, varying number of sines from 2 to 20 and occupied bandwidth of 10 kHz, 100 kHz, and 1 MHz-all narrowband from a regulatory perspective. Our key result is that additional sine waves improve voltage sensitivity, but not Power Conversion Efficiency. In our experiments, we observed the voltage sensitivity benefits of the multi-sine POWs to be most pronounced at a power level of -13 dBm; at signal levels significantly below (-30 dBm) or above (0 dBm) this level, their benefits diminish. Finally, we also observe that in a real system (the WISP 5.1, which includes a rectifier and DC-DC converter), voltage sensitivity is a much more complex function of waveform and signal power than in simpler idealized rectifiers. The sensitivity is a non-monotonic and complex function of the number of sines, occupied bandwidth, and signal strength.","PeriodicalId":148719,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Wireless Power Transfer Conference (WPTC)","volume":"52 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114561439","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.1109/WPTC45513.2019.9055588
Iman Abdali Mashhadi, E. Mazaheri‐Tehrani, B. Poorali, Majid Pahlevani, H. Pahlevani
In wireless power transfer converters used for retinal implants, a sudden change in coupling coefficient of the inductive link results in delivering excessive transient power to the implant. Dissipation of this power increases the eye temperature, which can hurt the sensitive eye tissues. In this paper, thermal performance of the new class- FF converter used as a 50 m W /5 V wireless power transfer circuit with the frequency of 1 MHz in retinal implants is studied and compared with the conventional class-E converter in COMSOL environment.
在用于视网膜植入物的无线功率传输转换器中，感应链路耦合系数的突然变化会导致向植入物提供过多的瞬态功率。这种能量的消散会增加眼睛的温度，从而伤害敏感的眼部组织。本文在COMSOL环境下，研究了新型FF类变换器作为频率为1 MHz的50 m W /5 V无线电力传输电路在视网膜植入物中的热性能，并与传统的e类变换器进行了比较。
{"title":"Thermal Performance of Class- FF Converter Used for Wireless Power Transfer in Retinal Implants","authors":"Iman Abdali Mashhadi, E. Mazaheri‐Tehrani, B. Poorali, Majid Pahlevani, H. Pahlevani","doi":"10.1109/WPTC45513.2019.9055588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WPTC45513.2019.9055588","url":null,"abstract":"In wireless power transfer converters used for retinal implants, a sudden change in coupling coefficient of the inductive link results in delivering excessive transient power to the implant. Dissipation of this power increases the eye temperature, which can hurt the sensitive eye tissues. In this paper, thermal performance of the new class- FF converter used as a 50 m W /5 V wireless power transfer circuit with the frequency of 1 MHz in retinal implants is studied and compared with the conventional class-E converter in COMSOL environment.","PeriodicalId":148719,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Wireless Power Transfer Conference (WPTC)","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122835189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.1109/WPTC45513.2019.9055690
A. Sidibe, A. Takacs, A. Okba, G. Loubet
This paper addresses the design and the characterization of an improved rectenna operating with low power density. As compact as possible, the surface of the fabricated rectenna is only 66 cm2 that is only 0.057 of a square wavelength at the operating frequency (868 MHz). A small size (15 $mathrm{x}9mathrm{cm}^{2})$ reflector plane behind the rectenna increases the amount of the harvested dc power of the rectenna: the harvested dc power is greater than 100 μW (dc voltage greater than 1V) when the rectenna is illuminated with radiofrequency power densities greater than $0.78 mu mathrm{W}/mathrm{cm}^{2}$. Additionally, a comparison between different configurations of the rectenna is presented.
{"title":"An Improved Rectenna Design for Battery-free Wireless Sensors and Structural Health Monitoring","authors":"A. Sidibe, A. Takacs, A. Okba, G. Loubet","doi":"10.1109/WPTC45513.2019.9055690","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WPTC45513.2019.9055690","url":null,"abstract":"This paper addresses the design and the characterization of an improved rectenna operating with low power density. As compact as possible, the surface of the fabricated rectenna is only 66 cm2 that is only 0.057 of a square wavelength at the operating frequency (868 MHz). A small size (15 $mathrm{x}9mathrm{cm}^{2})$ reflector plane behind the rectenna increases the amount of the harvested dc power of the rectenna: the harvested dc power is greater than 100 μW (dc voltage greater than 1V) when the rectenna is illuminated with radiofrequency power densities greater than $0.78 mu mathrm{W}/mathrm{cm}^{2}$. Additionally, a comparison between different configurations of the rectenna is presented.","PeriodicalId":148719,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Wireless Power Transfer Conference (WPTC)","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126436961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.1109/WPTC45513.2019.9055635
O. Olukoya, Boris Malčić, D. Budimir, D. Budimir
In this paper, an evaluation of impact of 5 MHz 5G FBMC waveforms on energy harvesting rectifier performance is presented. The 5 MHz 5G FBMC signals are used in Matlab. The simulated CCDFs of the rectifier for 5 MHz 5G signals at different input powers at 1.5 GHz are illustrated
{"title":"Impact of 5G Waveforms on Energy Harvesting Rectifier Performance","authors":"O. Olukoya, Boris Malčić, D. Budimir, D. Budimir","doi":"10.1109/WPTC45513.2019.9055635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WPTC45513.2019.9055635","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, an evaluation of impact of 5 MHz 5G FBMC waveforms on energy harvesting rectifier performance is presented. The 5 MHz 5G FBMC signals are used in Matlab. The simulated CCDFs of the rectifier for 5 MHz 5G signals at different input powers at 1.5 GHz are illustrated","PeriodicalId":148719,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Wireless Power Transfer Conference (WPTC)","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129806395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.1109/WPTC45513.2019.9055683
S. Keyrouz, H. Pflug, H. Visser
We introduce an analytical method to calculate the input impedance of a multi-stage rectifier circuit. It is shown that the input impedance of a half-wave rectifier depends on the operating frequency, the input power level and the load resistance value. The introduced method uses the equivalent circuit model of a Schottky diode. The analytical method has been verified by harmonic balance analysis for different load resistances and for different input power levels as a function of frequency. Based on the input impedance of the half-wave rectifier, the analytical method is then extended to calculate the input impedance of an n-stage rectifier circuit. A voltage doubler is simulated, fabricated and its input impedance is measured. The simulation results of the analytical solution and harmonic balance are validated by measurements.
{"title":"Input Impedance Calculation of a Multi-Stage Rectifier Circuit","authors":"S. Keyrouz, H. Pflug, H. Visser","doi":"10.1109/WPTC45513.2019.9055683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WPTC45513.2019.9055683","url":null,"abstract":"We introduce an analytical method to calculate the input impedance of a multi-stage rectifier circuit. It is shown that the input impedance of a half-wave rectifier depends on the operating frequency, the input power level and the load resistance value. The introduced method uses the equivalent circuit model of a Schottky diode. The analytical method has been verified by harmonic balance analysis for different load resistances and for different input power levels as a function of frequency. Based on the input impedance of the half-wave rectifier, the analytical method is then extended to calculate the input impedance of an n-stage rectifier circuit. A voltage doubler is simulated, fabricated and its input impedance is measured. The simulation results of the analytical solution and harmonic balance are validated by measurements.","PeriodicalId":148719,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Wireless Power Transfer Conference (WPTC)","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129695678","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.1109/WPTC45513.2019.9055677
T. Ohashi, Quang-Thang Duong, M. Okada
This paper proposes a dynamic charging system for moving receiver by using an array of small off-resonant coils in a combination with receiver-side compensation circuit. Compared to the size of receiving coil, transmitting coils are small enough to make the coupling coefficient stable when the receiver moves along the transmit coil array. The compensation circuit at the receiver will be designed to approximately cancel out all the reactive components in the coupling link between the receiving coil and the nearby transmitting coils. As a result, the load will be seen almost directly from the source, and thus, stable output voltage can be achieved even if the receiver moves and/or if the load resistance varies. Experimental results confirm effectiveness of the proposed system.
{"title":"A Study on Dynamic Charging Using Off-Resonant Coil Array With Receiver-side Compensation","authors":"T. Ohashi, Quang-Thang Duong, M. Okada","doi":"10.1109/WPTC45513.2019.9055677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WPTC45513.2019.9055677","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a dynamic charging system for moving receiver by using an array of small off-resonant coils in a combination with receiver-side compensation circuit. Compared to the size of receiving coil, transmitting coils are small enough to make the coupling coefficient stable when the receiver moves along the transmit coil array. The compensation circuit at the receiver will be designed to approximately cancel out all the reactive components in the coupling link between the receiving coil and the nearby transmitting coils. As a result, the load will be seen almost directly from the source, and thus, stable output voltage can be achieved even if the receiver moves and/or if the load resistance varies. Experimental results confirm effectiveness of the proposed system.","PeriodicalId":148719,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Wireless Power Transfer Conference (WPTC)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130571838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.1109/WPTC45513.2019.9055580
Heqi Xu, Houji Li, Chunfang Wang
In this paper, a new magnetic coupler with composite magnetic shielding structure is proposed to enhance the magnetic coupling and mitigate electromagnetic interference. Compared with the traditional ferrite core coupler or coupler with a ferrite core and a metal plate, the proposed magnetic coupler requires lesser ferrite material, lighter weight and without degrading the performance of WPT system.
{"title":"Design of Magnetic Shielding Structure for Wireless Charging Coupler","authors":"Heqi Xu, Houji Li, Chunfang Wang","doi":"10.1109/WPTC45513.2019.9055580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WPTC45513.2019.9055580","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a new magnetic coupler with composite magnetic shielding structure is proposed to enhance the magnetic coupling and mitigate electromagnetic interference. Compared with the traditional ferrite core coupler or coupler with a ferrite core and a metal plate, the proposed magnetic coupler requires lesser ferrite material, lighter weight and without degrading the performance of WPT system.","PeriodicalId":148719,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Wireless Power Transfer Conference (WPTC)","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125985767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.1109/WPTC45513.2019.9055528
Nicot John, Fadel Ludivine, T. Thierry
The widespread deployment of the Internet of Things requires new embedded systems providing functionality with extremely low power consumption. This paper presents a battery-less, low-power consumption, compact embedded system using remote RF powering with COTS (Components Off The Shelf), and OOK or ASK based data communications, operating in the 900 MHz band.
{"title":"An RF-Powered IoT Node for Environment Sensoring","authors":"Nicot John, Fadel Ludivine, T. Thierry","doi":"10.1109/WPTC45513.2019.9055528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WPTC45513.2019.9055528","url":null,"abstract":"The widespread deployment of the Internet of Things requires new embedded systems providing functionality with extremely low power consumption. This paper presents a battery-less, low-power consumption, compact embedded system using remote RF powering with COTS (Components Off The Shelf), and OOK or ASK based data communications, operating in the 900 MHz band.","PeriodicalId":148719,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Wireless Power Transfer Conference (WPTC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121500145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.1109/WPTC45513.2019.9055660
S. Verma, D. Rano, M. Hashmi
A novel dual-band Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) for short range, non-radiative and inductively coupled design based on Defected Ground Structure (DGS) back to back coupling is presented in this paper. The proposed design is based around the concept of resonance inductive coupling for power transfer and consists of U-shaped defect etched in the ground plane of the substrate. An equivalent dual band circuit using transformer modelling is utilized to show power transfer at two frequencies. Prototypes on Rogers RO4003C substrate, has been developed to operate at 2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz ISM frequency range and takes a board size of $15x1theta mathrm{mm}^{2}$. A very good agreement between the simulated and measured results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique. The achieved performance significantly improves the distance of the short range inductively coupled WPT systems reported so far.
{"title":"A Novel Dual Band Defected Ground Structure for Short Range Wireless Power Transfer Applications","authors":"S. Verma, D. Rano, M. Hashmi","doi":"10.1109/WPTC45513.2019.9055660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WPTC45513.2019.9055660","url":null,"abstract":"A novel dual-band Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) for short range, non-radiative and inductively coupled design based on Defected Ground Structure (DGS) back to back coupling is presented in this paper. The proposed design is based around the concept of resonance inductive coupling for power transfer and consists of U-shaped defect etched in the ground plane of the substrate. An equivalent dual band circuit using transformer modelling is utilized to show power transfer at two frequencies. Prototypes on Rogers RO4003C substrate, has been developed to operate at 2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz ISM frequency range and takes a board size of $15x1theta mathrm{mm}^{2}$. A very good agreement between the simulated and measured results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique. The achieved performance significantly improves the distance of the short range inductively coupled WPT systems reported so far.","PeriodicalId":148719,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Wireless Power Transfer Conference (WPTC)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134097483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-06-01DOI: 10.1109/WPTC45513.2019.9055579
Isami Sato, N. Shinohara
Gas pipelines are indispensable to our daily lives, and it is necessary to keep the soundness of pipelines by conducting inspections. In order to conduct inspections, In-Line Inspection(ILI) Robots has been invented. We considered of wireless power transfer system to these robots by propagating microwaves inside pipelines. Experiments to verify our previous study had been conducted, and the results led us to design antennas that can generate a single mode. We designed a power receiving antenna for this system as well. We measured efficiency for each propagation mode and considered of suitable antenna design that can be attached to ILI Robots. Further more, this antenna is useful to generate single mode as transmitting antenna.
{"title":"Study on Antennas for Wireless Power Transfer to In-Line Inspection Robots","authors":"Isami Sato, N. Shinohara","doi":"10.1109/WPTC45513.2019.9055579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/WPTC45513.2019.9055579","url":null,"abstract":"Gas pipelines are indispensable to our daily lives, and it is necessary to keep the soundness of pipelines by conducting inspections. In order to conduct inspections, In-Line Inspection(ILI) Robots has been invented. We considered of wireless power transfer system to these robots by propagating microwaves inside pipelines. Experiments to verify our previous study had been conducted, and the results led us to design antennas that can generate a single mode. We designed a power receiving antenna for this system as well. We measured efficiency for each propagation mode and considered of suitable antenna design that can be attached to ILI Robots. Further more, this antenna is useful to generate single mode as transmitting antenna.","PeriodicalId":148719,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE Wireless Power Transfer Conference (WPTC)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131749656","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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