Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research最新文献

Buccal spray is an attractive dosage form for its ease of application, especially for infant and geriatric patients. The aim in this work was to optimize and prepare a clotrimazole buccal spray through exploring the role of main variables producing a mucoadhesive film, to evaluate its effectiveness against Candida albicans. The method of preparation involved solubilizing the drug using a suitable amount of PEG as well as PG, utilizing different most commonly applied bioadhesive polymers to achieve buccal mucoadhesion and compromising the viscosity. The solution was conserved in a plastic container with a metered dose designed to give 0.2 ml per puff. The optimized formula containing 0.5% polyvinyl alcohol, 60% PEG, and 15% PG exhibited suitable pH (6.16 ± 0.002), high drug release (100% ±1.098% within 90 min), drug content (104.1% ±2.001%), volume per actuation (0.19 ± 0.010 ml), spray of angle (47.2° ±0.896°) and acceptable viscosity (74 ± 1.3 cp), superior anti-Candida activity than commercial product with no irritation. Overall, choosing suitable additives can compromise the viscosity and have a great effect in obtaining the required dose upon a certain accurate value of actuations utilizing metered dose spray, enabling the product to flow out as ultrafine droplets instantly spread and adhere to buccal mucosa, improving residence time and diffusion, hence enhancing the efficacy of clotrimazole against candidiasis.

This study optimized supercritical CO₂ extraction (SCE) of Clinacanthus nutans leaves, with or without 80:20 ethanol-water co-solvent (CoS), and benchmarked it against ethanol maceration (MCE). MCE yielded 17.10% crude extract, while CoS SCE at 35 MPa/60°C achieved 5.98%, but with higher enrichment of flavonoids (88 mg QE/g, 2.1-fold above MCE) and retention of lipophilic phytosterols and terpenoids. MCE remained superior in total phenolic and saponin extraction. The selected SCE extract demonstrated dose- and time-dependent cytotoxicity against HeLa cells (IC₅₀ = 158 µg/mL, 48 h), but limited selectivity over hTERT-HME1 cells (SI ≈ 1.2). These findings underscore CoS SCE as a greener, rapid method for selectively recovering moderately polar bioactives from C. nutans, warranting bio-guided fractionation to enhance therapeutic specificity.

Calcium levels, closely tied to Vitamin D, significantly impact female health. However, the link between Vitamin D and menopause, its onset, and symptom severity remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the impact of Vitamin D supplementation on the age at menopause, menopausal symptoms, hormonal levels, and bone density in women. A 2-year prospective study of 100 menopausal women, grouped by Vitamin D levels (<20 ng/mL and >30 ng/mL), analyzed menopausal age, symptoms, hormone levels, and bone density. The results show that the women with vitamin D levels below 20 ng/mL had later menopause, more severe symptoms, lower estrogen, higher follicle-stimulating hormone, poorer bone density, and reduced quality of life than those with levels above 30 ng/mL, with all differences statistically significant (P < 0.05). Finally, I concluded that the vitamin D deficiency in menopausal women is linked to delayed menopause, severe symptoms, and poor hormonal and bone health. Adequate levels may support better menopausal health.

The health and beauty sectors are significant drivers for the continuous growth of related product markets. Solanum trilobatum L. (S. trilobatum), locally known as Ma Waeng Krue, is a popular medicinal plant utilized in primary health care in Thailand. Renowned for their remarkable antimicrobial, antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal characteristics, the leaves and fruits of this plant yield abundant quantities of saponins, anthraquinones, terpenoids, and tannins. This study investigated the antioxidant activity, total phenolic content (TPC), and inhibitory effects of unripe and ripe S. trilobatum fruit extracts against collagenase, elastase, and hyaluronidase, specifically methanol and ethyl acetate extracts. The ethyl acetate extracts from unripe fruits contained the highest TPC and showed the greatest antioxidant activity as demonstrated by the 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and ferric reducing antioxidant power methods. In contrast, methanol extracts from ripe fruits had the highest yield and demonstrated the greatest antioxidant activity according to the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay. Notably, methanol extracts from unripe fruits exhibited the most potent inhibition of collagenase, elastase, and hyaluronidase compared with ethyl acetate extracts.

Triphala, a traditional Ayurvedic formulation comprising Terminalia chebula, Terminalia bellirica, and Phyllanthus emblica, is renowned for its rich phytochemical composition and numerous health benefits. This study developed and evaluated three triphala-based functional food products - beverages, gummies, and tablets - by measuring gallic acid content, nutritional composition, and microbiological safety. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis showed gallic acid levels of 5.35 ± 0.14 mg per 200 mL in beverages, 248 ± 4.38 mg per 25 g in gummies, and 783 ± 2.69 mg per 12 g in tablets. Each product complied with microbial safety standards and was fortified with essential nutrients, confirming its suitability as a safe and functional food. These formulations advance plant-based functional foods, promoting health and disease prevention.

A chronic inflammatory dermatosis, eczema, affects more than 12% of the pediatric population and 7.2% of adults. Clinically, it presents with erythematous, scaly, and intensely pruritic lesions. Severe forms of the disease frequently exhibit poor responsiveness to treatments aimed at a single inflammatory pathway. Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. rhizomes possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-allergic activities through a multi-target mechanism. This study aimed to evaluate the secondary metabolites of C. xanthorrhiza Roxb. rhizomes that can be developed into eczema drugs using virtual screening in silico. Secondary metabolite compounds from C. xanthorrhiza rhizomes were evaluated for their drug-likeness properties Subsequently, the similarity of their physicochemical properties was assessed using the principal component analysis. A target search of drug candidates was performed using the Swiss Target Prediction and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) Omnibus. Docking was performed using Molegro by comparing the rerank scores of the drug candidates with those of the original ligands. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) prediction was performed using the pkCSM. Carbonic anhydrase II, epidermal growth factor receptor, and the mammalian target of rapamycin came as the protein target for eczema disease. For the docking result, demethoxycurcumin (C00037023), 1,5-dihydroxy-1,7-bis (4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4,6-heptadien-3-one (C00055412), 1,7-bis (4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3,5-heptanediol (C00055175), and 3'-demethoxycyclocurcumin (C00054761) had both better rerank score than the native ligand and good ADMET profiles. Four compounds derived from C. xanthorrhiza Roxb. rhizomes can be developed as an eczema potential treatment.

Temporary anchorage devices (TADs) are widely utilized as supplementary anchorage in orthodontic treatment, offering several advantages alongside certain limitations. One such limitation is the potential for mechanical failure, which may occur due to a reduction in corrosion resistance. Recent studies have reported changes in the mechanical properties of TADs - notably decreased corrosion resistance - following exposure to mouthwash during orthodontic treatment. The objective of this study is the evaluation of corrosion resistance of stainless steel (SS) TADs by assessing changes in microhardness and tensile strength following in vitro exposure to mouthwashes. A total of 28 TADs were categorized into four distinct groups differentiated by the type of mouthwash utilized: Fluoride, povidone-iodine, chitosan, or distilled water (control group). Each TAD was placed in a centrifuge tube and immersed in the respective solution for 90 days. Changes in the mechanical aspects of the SS TADs were evaluated through the assessments of microhardness using the Vickers method and tensile strength using a tensile test. The highest microhardness value was observed in the chitosan group (435 VHN), followed by the fluoride group (429.71 VHN), the povidone-iodine group (429.29 VHN), and the distilled water group (420 VHN). Similarly, the highest tensile strength was recorded in the chitosan group (70.20 megapascal [MPa]), followed by the fluoride group (68.87 MPa), the povidone-iodine group (67.19 MPa), and the distilled water group (48.59 MPa). SS TADs exhibited superior mechanical properties after immersion in a chitosan solution, indicating their potential protective effect against corrosion-related degradation.

Radiotherapy for head-and-neck cancer (HNC) frequently causes oral mucositis, a painful and debilitating condition often leading to treatment interruption, poor quality of life, and increased healthcare costs. Various herbal medicines such as Glycyrrhiza glabra (Yashtimadhu), Plantago major L. syrup, green tea mouthwash, and Hangeshashinto have been proposed for studies to explore the possibility of alleviating radiation-induced oral mucositis, with promising results serving as alternatives to conventional medication. This review assesses the effectiveness of Herbal preparations such as G. glabra (Yashtimadhu), P. major L., and traditional Chinese formulations like Chining decoction and Hangeshashinto which have shown promise in both preclinical and clinical studies in reducing the risk and impact of oral mucositis under radiation therapy. The results showed a wide variation in the efficacy of herbal treatments. Herbal medicine offers a promising adjunctive approach in the management of oral mucositis resulting from radiation therapy for HNC. Of all of these, Yashtimadhu, P. major, and Hangeshashinto were identified to demonstrate potential with statistically significant efficacy in reducing mucositis severity.

Antibiotic resistance is a growing concern in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. To address this, this study analyzed antibiotic usage patterns, microbial profiles, antimicrobial susceptibility, and patient quality of life (QoL). This was a descriptive observational study. This study collected data prospectively at Bojonegoro Regional Hospital between October 2022 and January 2023. Of the 66 patients, all of them exhibited bacterial growth. Microbial sensitivity profiles were categorized as gram-positive in 21 patients (32%), gram-negative in 38 patients (58%), gram-positive - gram-positive in 1 patient (2%), gram-negative - gram-negative in 2 patients (3%), and gram-positive - gram-negative in 4 patients (5%). The use of antibiotics is sensitive to gram-positive drugs, such as: cefepime, ceftriaxone, imipenem, and meropenem. Levofloxacin and imipenem both work 100% in gram-negative bacteria. Antibiotic usage overall is 159.05 DDD/100 patient days. Of the 11 highest domains, 33 patients (50.0%) have a good QoL, while 19 patients (28.8%) have poor QoL. A comprehensive approach is necessary for the effective management of diabetic foot wound infections, and family support is essential for the improved patient's QoL.

Diabetes mellitus causes vascular, renal, and ocular complications. In this study, we evaluated an ethanolic extract of Sapindus trifoliatus fruit using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) profiling, molecular docking, and in vitro and in vivo assays. GC-MS analysis revealed key bioactive phytochemicals, and docking analysis demonstrated strong AKR1C3 binding. Acute toxicity testing confirmed safety at doses up to 5000 mg/kg. In alloxan-induced diabetic mice, extract treatment dose dependently lowered fasting blood glucose and HbA1c levels, restored pancreatic, hepatic, and cardiac histology, and mitigated ocular, renal, and cardiac damage. In in vitro, the extract inhibited α-amylase and α-glucosidase, supporting its antihyperglycemic activity. Compared to previous studies, S. trifoliatus extract showed enhanced efficacy, likely due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, underscoring its potential as a plant-based antidiabetic therapy.