Pub Date : 2024-04-01Epub Date: 2024-05-06DOI: 10.4103/JAPTR.JAPTR_89_24
Yasir Abbas Atia, Suhad Taha Mohammed, Sarmad S Abdullah, Ahmed Saad Abbas, Hayder Adnan Fawzi
The aim of the currnet study to examine the effect of subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) in diabetic patients on coagulation parameters. This retrospective case-control study involves 130 patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), divided into 65 T2DM with newly diagnosed SCH and 65 euthyroid (EUT) T2DM patients without SCH. Fibrinogen (FIB) was significantly higher in SCH (508.2 ± 63.0 mg/dL) than EUT (428.1 ± 44.8 mg/dL). In the SCH patients, FIB correlated with several parameters, such as age (β = 0.396), body mass index (β = 0.578), glycated hemoglobin (β = 0.281), and activated partial thromboplastin time (β = 0.276). In conclusion SCH in DM patients appears to increase the magnitude of coagulopathy.
{"title":"Effects of subclinical hypothyroidism in type II diabetes mellitus patients on biochemical, coagulation, and fibrinolysis status.","authors":"Yasir Abbas Atia, Suhad Taha Mohammed, Sarmad S Abdullah, Ahmed Saad Abbas, Hayder Adnan Fawzi","doi":"10.4103/JAPTR.JAPTR_89_24","DOIUrl":"10.4103/JAPTR.JAPTR_89_24","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The aim of the currnet study to examine the effect of subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) in diabetic patients on coagulation parameters. This retrospective case-control study involves 130 patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), divided into 65 T2DM with newly diagnosed SCH and 65 euthyroid (EUT) T2DM patients without SCH. Fibrinogen (FIB) was significantly higher in SCH (508.2 ± 63.0 mg/dL) than EUT (428.1 ± 44.8 mg/dL). In the SCH patients, FIB correlated with several parameters, such as age (β = 0.396), body mass index (β = 0.578), glycated hemoglobin (β = 0.281), and activated partial thromboplastin time (β = 0.276). In conclusion SCH in DM patients appears to increase the magnitude of coagulopathy.</p>","PeriodicalId":14877,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11186545/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141431987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The antioxidant potential of Graptophyllum pictum (wungu leaves), an indigenous shrub plant extensively used in traditional medicine in Indonesia, was investigated in this study. The research focused on a comprehensive evaluation of total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) across various plant parts, including roots, stems, and flowers, which had been underexplored in prior studies. The ethanol extract derived from wungu flowers and leaves demonstrated notable antioxidant potential, characterized by elevated TPC (12.22 ± 0.31 mg GAE/g DW) and FRAP (37.73 ± 1.08 μmol TEAC/g DW) in the ethanol extract of wungu flowers. Similarly, the ethanol extract of wungu leaves showcased a substantial TFC (2.31 ± 0.18 mg QE/g DW) and DPPH (1.12 ± 0.05 μmol TEAC/g DW), surpassing other parts of the wungu plant in the same or different extracts. These findings suggested that ethanol extracts were a promising foundation for herbal medicines with antioxidant properties, highlighting their potential applications in plant breeding programs. Furthermore, the correlation data underscored the significance of the ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts, revealing a robust correlation between TPC, TFC, and FRAP compared to the n-hexane extract.
{"title":"Antioxidant potential and polyphenol content in different parts of <i>Graptophyllum pictum</i> extracts.","authors":"Feda Anisah Makkiyah, Eldiza Puji Rahmi, Rini Anggi Arista, Nelly Marliani, Waras Nurcholis","doi":"10.4103/japtr.japtr_325_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/japtr.japtr_325_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The antioxidant potential of <i>Graptophyllum pictum</i> (wungu leaves), an indigenous shrub plant extensively used in traditional medicine in Indonesia, was investigated in this study. The research focused on a comprehensive evaluation of total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) across various plant parts, including roots, stems, and flowers, which had been underexplored in prior studies. The ethanol extract derived from wungu flowers and leaves demonstrated notable antioxidant potential, characterized by elevated TPC (12.22 ± 0.31 mg GAE/g DW) and FRAP (37.73 ± 1.08 μmol TEAC/g DW) in the ethanol extract of wungu flowers. Similarly, the ethanol extract of wungu leaves showcased a substantial TFC (2.31 ± 0.18 mg QE/g DW) and DPPH (1.12 ± 0.05 μmol TEAC/g DW), surpassing other parts of the wungu plant in the same or different extracts. These findings suggested that ethanol extracts were a promising foundation for herbal medicines with antioxidant properties, highlighting their potential applications in plant breeding programs. Furthermore, the correlation data underscored the significance of the ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts, revealing a robust correlation between TPC, TFC, and FRAP compared to the <i>n</i>-hexane extract.</p>","PeriodicalId":14877,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11186550/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141433762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are pathological conditions initiated by the loss of neuronal cell structure and the progressive decline in function caused by prolonged neuroinflammation. Postmenopausal women are at a high risk of experiencing NDs due to estrogen deficiency in their bodies, necessitating the administration of phytoestrogens as a replacement for estrogen in the body. One alternative therapy is administering phytoestrogens, estrogen-like substances from plants, which can be obtained from Marsilea crenata C. Presl. leaves. The purpose of this study was to determine whether administration of the n-butanol fraction (BF) and water fraction (WF) of M. crenata leaves could increase locomotor activity in rotenone-induced zebrafish. Treatment was given to each group of zebrafish with BF and WF at doses of 2.5; 5; 10; and 20 ppm to determine the locomotor activity. Then an analysis was carried out by looking at each movement of the zebrafish swimming for 1 min at the time of observation on days 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28. The result showed that BF and WF significantly increased the locomotor activity of zebrafish at the optimum dose of 20 ppm for BF and 5 ppm for WF compared to the negative control. This concludes that the polar fraction of M. crenata leaves is proven to have the potential to prevent ND progressivity.
{"title":"Effect of polar fractions of <i>Marsilea crenata</i> C. Presl. leaves in zebrafish locomotor activity.","authors":"Burhan Ma'arif, Mohamad Fajrul Anwar, Hidayatullah Hidayatullah, Faisal Akhmal Muslikh, Arief Suryadinata, Hajar Sugihantoro, Denis Mery Mirza, Novia Maulina, Maximus M Taek","doi":"10.4103/japtr.japtr_241_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/japtr.japtr_241_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are pathological conditions initiated by the loss of neuronal cell structure and the progressive decline in function caused by prolonged neuroinflammation. Postmenopausal women are at a high risk of experiencing NDs due to estrogen deficiency in their bodies, necessitating the administration of phytoestrogens as a replacement for estrogen in the body. One alternative therapy is administering phytoestrogens, estrogen-like substances from plants, which can be obtained from <i>Marsilea crenata</i> C. Presl. leaves. The purpose of this study was to determine whether administration of the n-butanol fraction (BF) and water fraction (WF) of <i>M. crenata</i> leaves could increase locomotor activity in rotenone-induced zebrafish. Treatment was given to each group of zebrafish with BF and WF at doses of 2.5; 5; 10; and 20 ppm to determine the locomotor activity. Then an analysis was carried out by looking at each movement of the zebrafish swimming for 1 min at the time of observation on days 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28. The result showed that BF and WF significantly increased the locomotor activity of zebrafish at the optimum dose of 20 ppm for BF and 5 ppm for WF compared to the negative control. This concludes that the polar fraction of <i>M. crenata</i> leaves is proven to have the potential to prevent ND progressivity.</p>","PeriodicalId":14877,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11186547/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141431985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01Epub Date: 2024-05-06DOI: 10.4103/JAPTR.JAPTR_426_23
Evan Ricardo, Bernadette Dian Novita, Niluh Suwasanti, Jovan Amadeo Muliyanto, I Gusti Agung Putu Diah Meliana Dewi, Ferdinand Jaya
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition defined by elevated blood sugar levels (hyperglycemia). This condition can lead to complications such as nephropathy, which is histologically shown with glomerulosclerosis. Glucomannan, a component of Amorphophallus muelleri, offers numerous health benefits, but its direct therapeutic effect on glomeruli remains uncertain. Male Wistar rats which were taken with random sampling (n = 30) were distributed into six distinct groups. All groups, excluding Group N, received 125 mg/kg BW single intraperitoneal dose of alloxan. Group N received a single dose of PBS 125 mg/kg BW. After 7 days, Group K + was induced with acarbose at a dose of 50 mg/70 kg BW (adjusted using a factor of 0.018) orally per day. Groups N and K - induced with 1% CMC Na at 0.2 mL/0.1 kg orally per day. While Group P1, P2, and P3 were orally given A. muelleri ethanolic extract orally per day at a dose of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg BW. The following 50 days of treatment, the Wistar rats were euthanized, and their kidney was preserved for histological slides that were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The oral administration of A. muelleri ethanolic extract in alloxan-induced diabetic rats led to a significant decrease in the average of glomerulosclerosis instances when compared to the K - group. The most effective dose was observed at 400 mg/kg BW per day. A. muelleri administration leads to a reduction in glomerulosclerosis occurrences, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic approach for reducing complications probability linked to hyperglycemia.
糖尿病是一种以血糖水平升高(高血糖)为特征的慢性疾病。这种疾病会导致肾病等并发症,组织学上表现为肾小球硬化。葡甘露聚糖(Amorphophallus muelleri 的一种成分)对健康有诸多益处,但其对肾小球的直接治疗效果仍不确定。随机取样的雄性 Wistar 大鼠(n = 30)被分成六个不同的组。除 N 组外,其他各组均腹腔注射 125 毫克/千克体重的阿脲。N 组接受 125 毫克/千克体重的单剂量 PBS。7 天后,K + 组接受阿卡波糖诱导,剂量为每天口服 50 毫克/70 千克体重(调整系数为 0.018)。N 组和 K - 组每天口服 1% CMC Na,剂量为 0.2 mL/0.1 kg。P1、P2 和 P3 组每天口服 A. muelleri 乙醇提取物,剂量分别为 100、200 和 400 毫克/千克体重。治疗 50 天后,对 Wistar 大鼠实施安乐死,并将其肾脏保存起来,用苏木精和伊红进行组织切片染色。在阿脲诱导的糖尿病大鼠中口服 A. muelleri 乙醇提取物后,与 K - 组相比,肾小球硬化的平均实例显著减少。最有效的剂量为每天 400 毫克/千克体重。服用 A. muelleri 可减少肾小球硬化的发生,这表明它有可能成为减少与高血糖有关的并发症的一种治疗方法。
{"title":"The effect of porang (<i>Amorphophallus muelleri</i>) extract on renal histopathological changes.","authors":"Evan Ricardo, Bernadette Dian Novita, Niluh Suwasanti, Jovan Amadeo Muliyanto, I Gusti Agung Putu Diah Meliana Dewi, Ferdinand Jaya","doi":"10.4103/JAPTR.JAPTR_426_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/JAPTR.JAPTR_426_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition defined by elevated blood sugar levels (hyperglycemia). This condition can lead to complications such as nephropathy, which is histologically shown with glomerulosclerosis. Glucomannan, a component of <i>Amorphophallus muelleri</i>, offers numerous health benefits, but its direct therapeutic effect on glomeruli remains uncertain. Male Wistar rats which were taken with random sampling (<i>n</i> = 30) were distributed into six distinct groups. All groups, excluding Group N, received 125 mg/kg BW single intraperitoneal dose of alloxan. Group N received a single dose of PBS 125 mg/kg BW. After 7 days, Group K + was induced with acarbose at a dose of 50 mg/70 kg BW (adjusted using a factor of 0.018) orally per day. Groups N and K - induced with 1% CMC Na at 0.2 mL/0.1 kg orally per day. While Group P1, P2, and P3 were orally given <i>A. muelleri</i> ethanolic extract orally per day at a dose of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg BW. The following 50 days of treatment, the Wistar rats were euthanized, and their kidney was preserved for histological slides that were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The oral administration of <i>A. muelleri</i> ethanolic extract in alloxan-induced diabetic rats led to a significant decrease in the average of glomerulosclerosis instances when compared to the K - group. The most effective dose was observed at 400 mg/kg BW per day. <i>A. muelleri</i> administration leads to a reduction in glomerulosclerosis occurrences, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic approach for reducing complications probability linked to hyperglycemia.</p>","PeriodicalId":14877,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11186543/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141431993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01Epub Date: 2024-05-06DOI: 10.4103/JAPTR.JAPTR_392_23
Anna Epishkina, Viktoria Pakina, Ekaterina Kutorkina, Evgeniia Bogoslovskaya, Oksana Tumutolova, Matvey Tolstov, Aleksandra Igrunkova, Ilya Fedoseikin, Ekaterina Blinova, Elena Semeleva, Dmitrii Blinov
Small molecules are considered a source of novel medicines targeting carcinogenic intracellular pathways including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling. The main goal of the study is to assess whether LHT-17-19 could be considered an effective target molecule against EGFR-expressing tumor cells in silico, in vitro, and in vivo. This was an in vivo, ex vivo, and in vivo experimental study. LHT-17-19 affinity to EGFR's kinase domain was assessed by the ligand's molecular docking. EGFR-expressing Hs746T human gastric cancer cell culture and patient-derived organoid (PDO) model of EGFR-positive breast cancer (BC) were used for in vitro assessment of the molecule anticancer property. IC50 and GI50 indexes were estimated using MTT- and MTS-based tests, respectively. Anticancer activity of LHT-17-19 against EGFR-expressing mutant lung carcinoma was studied on patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model established in 10 humanized BALB/c male mice. Continuous variables were presented as a mean ± standard deviation. Intergroup differences were assessed by two-way t-test. Kaplan-Meier's curves were used for survival analysis. High affinity of LHT-17-19 for the EGFR kinase domain with dG score -7.9 kcal/mol, EDoc-5.45 kcal/mol, and Ki 101.24 uM was due to intermolecular π-σ bonds formation and the ligand intramolecular transformation. LHT-17-19 induced anti-EGFR-expressing gastric cancer cells cytotoxicity with IC50 0.32 µM (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.11-0.54 µM). The derivative inhibited growth of EGFR-expressing BC PDO with GI50 16.25 µM (95% CI 4.44-28.04 µM). 2 mg/kg LHT-17-19 intravenously daily during 7 days inhibited PDX tumor growth and metastatic activity, prolonged animals' survival, and eliminated EGFR-mutant lung cancer cells from residual tumor's node. LHT-17-19 may be considered a molecular platform for further search of promising molecules, EGFR-expressing cancer cell inhibitors.
{"title":"A novel dihydroacridine derivative targets epidermal growth factor receptor-expressing cancer cells <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>.","authors":"Anna Epishkina, Viktoria Pakina, Ekaterina Kutorkina, Evgeniia Bogoslovskaya, Oksana Tumutolova, Matvey Tolstov, Aleksandra Igrunkova, Ilya Fedoseikin, Ekaterina Blinova, Elena Semeleva, Dmitrii Blinov","doi":"10.4103/JAPTR.JAPTR_392_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/JAPTR.JAPTR_392_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Small molecules are considered a source of novel medicines targeting carcinogenic intracellular pathways including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling. The main goal of the study is to assess whether LHT-17-19 could be considered an effective target molecule against EGFR-expressing tumor cells <i>in silico</i>, <i>in vitro,</i> and <i>in vivo</i>. This was an <i>in vivo</i>, <i>ex vivo,</i> and <i>in vivo</i> experimental study. LHT-17-19 affinity to EGFR's kinase domain was assessed by the ligand's molecular docking. EGFR-expressing Hs746T human gastric cancer cell culture and patient-derived organoid (PDO) model of EGFR-positive breast cancer (BC) were used for <i>in vitro</i> assessment of the molecule anticancer property. IC<sub>50</sub> and GI<sub>50</sub> indexes were estimated using MTT- and MTS-based tests, respectively. Anticancer activity of LHT-17-19 against EGFR-expressing mutant lung carcinoma was studied on patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model established in 10 humanized BALB/c male mice. Continuous variables were presented as a mean ± standard deviation. Intergroup differences were assessed by two-way <i>t</i>-test. Kaplan-Meier's curves were used for survival analysis. High affinity of LHT-17-19 for the EGFR kinase domain with dG score -7.9 kcal/mol, EDoc-5.45 kcal/mol, and Ki 101.24 uM was due to intermolecular π-σ bonds formation and the ligand intramolecular transformation. LHT-17-19 induced anti-EGFR-expressing gastric cancer cells cytotoxicity with IC<sub>50</sub> 0.32 µM (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.11-0.54 µM). The derivative inhibited growth of EGFR-expressing BC PDO with GI<sub>50</sub> 16.25 µM (95% CI 4.44-28.04 µM). 2 mg/kg LHT-17-19 intravenously daily during 7 days inhibited PDX tumor growth and metastatic activity, prolonged animals' survival, and eliminated EGFR-mutant lung cancer cells from residual tumor's node. LHT-17-19 may be considered a molecular platform for further search of promising molecules, EGFR-expressing cancer cell inhibitors.</p>","PeriodicalId":14877,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11186549/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141432039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01Epub Date: 2024-05-06DOI: 10.4103/JAPTR.JAPTR_401_23
Irnawati Irnawati, Anjar Windarsih, Nurrulhidayah Ahmad Fadzillah, Abdul Rohman, La Ode Muhammad Hazairin Nadia, Sofia Arlana, Ruslin
Fish oils are good sources for essential fatty acids such as omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids needed to human growth. Indonesia is rich in fish species and among this, red snapper fish (Lutjanus sp.) can be extracted to get red snapper fish oils (RSFOs). The aim of this study was to classify and discriminate RSFO from different origins using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra and pattern recognition techniques. All of the RSFO's FTIR spectra were very similar. The FTIR vibrations showed the presence of triglycerides as the main composition in fish oils. Principal component analysis (PCA) could separate the RSFO according to sample origin. Supervised pattern recognition of partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and sparse PLS-DA (sPLS-DA) successfully discriminated and classified different Lutjanus species of fish oils obtained from different origins. The vibration of functional groups at 1711, 1653, 1745, and 3012 per cm were considered for their important contributions in discriminating of Lutjanus species (variable importance in projection, variable importance in the projection score >1). Fish oils obtained from the same species were classified into the same class indicating similar chemical compositions. Among the three pattern recognition techniques used, sPLS-DA offers the best model for the discrimination and classification of Lutjanus fish oils. It can be concluded that FTIR spectroscopy in combination with the pattern recognition technique is the potential to be used for of fish oil authentication to verify the quality of the fish oils. It can be further developed as a rapid and effective method for fish oil authentication.
{"title":"The combination of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy with pattern recognition techniques for classification and discrimination of red snapper fish oils.","authors":"Irnawati Irnawati, Anjar Windarsih, Nurrulhidayah Ahmad Fadzillah, Abdul Rohman, La Ode Muhammad Hazairin Nadia, Sofia Arlana, Ruslin","doi":"10.4103/JAPTR.JAPTR_401_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/JAPTR.JAPTR_401_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Fish oils are good sources for essential fatty acids such as omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids needed to human growth. Indonesia is rich in fish species and among this, red snapper fish (<i>Lutjanus</i> sp.) can be extracted to get red snapper fish oils (RSFOs). The aim of this study was to classify and discriminate RSFO from different origins using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectra and pattern recognition techniques. All of the RSFO's FTIR spectra were very similar. The FTIR vibrations showed the presence of triglycerides as the main composition in fish oils. Principal component analysis (PCA) could separate the RSFO according to sample origin. Supervised pattern recognition of partial least square-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and sparse PLS-DA (sPLS-DA) successfully discriminated and classified different <i>Lutjanus</i> species of fish oils obtained from different origins. The vibration of functional groups at 1711, 1653, 1745, and 3012 per cm were considered for their important contributions in discriminating of <i>Lutjanus</i> species (variable importance in projection, variable importance in the projection score >1). Fish oils obtained from the same species were classified into the same class indicating similar chemical compositions. Among the three pattern recognition techniques used, sPLS-DA offers the best model for the discrimination and classification of <i>Lutjanus</i> fish oils. It can be concluded that FTIR spectroscopy in combination with the pattern recognition technique is the potential to be used for of fish oil authentication to verify the quality of the fish oils. It can be further developed as a rapid and effective method for fish oil authentication.</p>","PeriodicalId":14877,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11186539/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141431992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Millions of bacteria present in the mouth cavity contribute to the challenging management of oral mucosa injury. On the other hand, Gracilaria spp. (red algae) is one of the widely cultivated algae that have a strong potential as a wound-healing agent for oral mucosa injury. This study aimed to investigate the wound-healing property of the red algae by observing its effect on polymorphonuclear (PMN), a neutrophil that is usually recruited during the initial wound healing. The extract was obtained through maceration and used as bioactive ingredient in gel preparation. Rattus norvegicus with incision wounds in the oral mucosa was used as the animal model. Our results revealed that rats treated with the red algae gel had significantly lower PMN on the injury site (P < 0.01) as observed on days 1, 3, and 5. Identification using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry showed that the extract was rich in hexadecenoic acid and glycerol. The brine shrimp lethality test suggested low cytotoxicity of this extract with LC50 = 10694.93 mg/mL. In conclusion, the extract could be potentially used as bioactive ingredient in gel formulation for topical management of oral mucosa wounds. Further, research to confirm these findings is warranted.
{"title":"Ethanolic extract of <i>Gracilaria</i> spp. Attenuates the inflammatory stage of oral mucosa wound healing: An <i>in vivo</i> study.","authors":"Rachmi Fanani Hakim, Rinaldi Idroes, Olivia Avriyanti Hanafiah, Binawati Ginting, Fakhrurrazi Fakhrurrazi, Noviandi Indum Putra, Nur Balqis Maulidya","doi":"10.4103/JAPTR.JAPTR_451_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/JAPTR.JAPTR_451_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Millions of bacteria present in the mouth cavity contribute to the challenging management of oral mucosa injury. On the other hand, <i>Gracilaria</i> spp. (red algae) is one of the widely cultivated algae that have a strong potential as a wound-healing agent for oral mucosa injury. This study aimed to investigate the wound-healing property of the red algae by observing its effect on polymorphonuclear (PMN), a neutrophil that is usually recruited during the initial wound healing. The extract was obtained through maceration and used as bioactive ingredient in gel preparation. <i>Rattus norvegicus</i> with incision wounds in the oral mucosa was used as the animal model. Our results revealed that rats treated with the red algae gel had significantly lower PMN on the injury site (<i>P</i> < 0.01) as observed on days 1, 3, and 5. Identification using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry showed that the extract was rich in hexadecenoic acid and glycerol. The brine shrimp lethality test suggested low cytotoxicity of this extract with LC<sub>50</sub> = 10694.93 mg/mL. In conclusion, the extract could be potentially used as bioactive ingredient in gel formulation for topical management of oral mucosa wounds. Further, research to confirm these findings is warranted.</p>","PeriodicalId":14877,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11186540/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141431988","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The invasive plant, Sphagneticola trilobata (L.) J. F. Pruski, has been known for its bioactivities and used to synthesize gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Nonetheless, previous research has not directly compared the effectiveness of the plant parts in producing the AuNPs. The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of the flower and leaf of S. trilobata in synthesizing AuNPs. S. trilobata leaves and flowers were separately extracted using distilled water at 60°C for 30 min. The leaf and flower extracts were mixed with the HAuCl. 3H2O and heated to 60°C for 30 min to yield AuNPs-ALSt and AuNPs-AFSt, respectively. AuNPs were also prepared using trisodium citrate (Na3C6H5O7) as a control. The resultant AuNPs were characterized using an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer, particle size analyzer, and scanning electron microscope. Antioxidant activity was evaluated based on 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) inhibition and anticancer activity- 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay against MCF-7 cells. The AuNPs-ALSt and AuNPs-AFSt were revealed to have better stability and smaller particle diameters. AuNPs-ALSt and AuNPs-AFSt had average particle diameters of 11.86 ± 3.37 and 34.86 ± 23.56 nm, respectively. Agglomeration was predominantly observed in AuNPs synthesized using the flower or leaf extract as stipulated to be affected by the insufficient capping agent and intense hydrolytic reaction. AuNPs-AFSt had higher DPPH antioxidant activity than AuNPs-ALSt with half-maximal inhibitory concentrations of IC50 123.44 and 168.83 ppm, respectively. Both AuNPs-ALSt and AuNPs-AFSt could inhibit 80% growth of the MCF-7; however, at lower concentrations, inhibitory effects were more pronounced in AuNPs-AFSt. Aqueous extracts of S. trilobata flowers and leaves could be used to synthesize AuNPs, whereas the former yielded AuNPs with higher biological activities.
{"title":"Green synthesis of gold nanoparticles from the aqueous extracts of <i>Sphagneticola trilobata</i> (L.) J.F Pruski as anti-breast cancer agents.","authors":"Vivi Mardina, Teuku Andi Fadlly, Tisna Harmawan, Elly Sufriadi, Muhammad Iqramullah, Hamdani Umar, Syafruddin Ilyas","doi":"10.4103/japtr.japtr_410_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/japtr.japtr_410_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The invasive plant, <i>Sphagneticola trilobata</i> (L.) J. F. Pruski, has been known for its bioactivities and used to synthesize gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Nonetheless, previous research has not directly compared the effectiveness of the plant parts in producing the AuNPs. The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of the flower and leaf of <i>S. trilobata</i> in synthesizing AuNPs. <i>S. trilobata</i> leaves and flowers were separately extracted using distilled water at 60°C for 30 min. The leaf and flower extracts were mixed with the HAuCl. 3H<sub>2</sub>O and heated to 60°C for 30 min to yield AuNPs-ALSt and AuNPs-AFSt, respectively. AuNPs were also prepared using trisodium citrate (Na<sub>3</sub>C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>O<sub>7</sub>) as a control. The resultant AuNPs were characterized using an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer, particle size analyzer, and scanning electron microscope. Antioxidant activity was evaluated based on 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) inhibition and anticancer activity- 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay against MCF-7 cells. The AuNPs-ALSt and AuNPs-AFSt were revealed to have better stability and smaller particle diameters. AuNPs-ALSt and AuNPs-AFSt had average particle diameters of 11.86 ± 3.37 and 34.86 ± 23.56 nm, respectively. Agglomeration was predominantly observed in AuNPs synthesized using the flower or leaf extract as stipulated to be affected by the insufficient capping agent and intense hydrolytic reaction. AuNPs-AFSt had higher DPPH antioxidant activity than AuNPs-ALSt with half-maximal inhibitory concentrations of IC<sub>50</sub> 123.44 and 168.83 ppm, respectively. Both AuNPs-ALSt and AuNPs-AFSt could inhibit 80% growth of the MCF-7; however, at lower concentrations, inhibitory effects were more pronounced in AuNPs-AFSt. Aqueous extracts of <i>S. trilobata</i> flowers and leaves could be used to synthesize AuNPs, whereas the former yielded AuNPs with higher biological activities.</p>","PeriodicalId":14877,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11186546/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141431989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01Epub Date: 2024-05-06DOI: 10.4103/JAPTR.JAPTR_496_23
Waleed K Abdulsahib, Mohanad Y Al-Radeef
Globally, an estimated 50 million people are affected by epilepsy, a persistent, noncommunicable neurological ailment. Quercetin (QR) is a prevalent flavonoid substance extensively dispersed throughout agricultural life. In a pilocarpine (PILO)-induced epilepsy model in mice, this investigation aimed to determine whether QR has an antiepileptic effect and explore its putative mechanism of action. Fifty mice were allocated into seven groups, with six in every group. The first group received physiological saline, the second group was given diazepam (1 mg/kg), and four groups were administered QR at 50, 100, 150, and 200 mg/kg, respectively. The seventh group (the induction group) received normal saline. After 30 min, all groups were injected intraperitoneally with PILO. The impact of QR on motor coordination was assessed using the rotarod test, while measures such as latency to first seizure, generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS), number of convulsions, and mortality were recorded. Serum samples were collected through the retro-orbital route to measure prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) levels. QR showed no significant difference in motor impairment, but increased duration until the initial seizure occurred and declined the mortality rate, duration of GTCS, and incidence of convulsions. All doses of QR significantly reduced PGE2 levels (P ≤ 0.05). However, QR's effect on IL-1β reduction was statistically insignificant (P > 0.05). QR's capacity to inhibit PILO-induced epilepsy by decreasing IL-1 and PGE2 levels is supported by this study. The results of this work indicate that QR could have a function to treat acute epilepsy.
{"title":"Effect of quercetin against pilocarpine-induced epilepsy in mice.","authors":"Waleed K Abdulsahib, Mohanad Y Al-Radeef","doi":"10.4103/JAPTR.JAPTR_496_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/JAPTR.JAPTR_496_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Globally, an estimated 50 million people are affected by epilepsy, a persistent, noncommunicable neurological ailment. Quercetin (QR) is a prevalent flavonoid substance extensively dispersed throughout agricultural life. In a pilocarpine (PILO)-induced epilepsy model in mice, this investigation aimed to determine whether QR has an antiepileptic effect and explore its putative mechanism of action. Fifty mice were allocated into seven groups, with six in every group. The first group received physiological saline, the second group was given diazepam (1 mg/kg), and four groups were administered QR at 50, 100, 150, and 200 mg/kg, respectively. The seventh group (the induction group) received normal saline. After 30 min, all groups were injected intraperitoneally with PILO. The impact of QR on motor coordination was assessed using the rotarod test, while measures such as latency to first seizure, generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS), number of convulsions, and mortality were recorded. Serum samples were collected through the retro-orbital route to measure prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) levels. QR showed no significant difference in motor impairment, but increased duration until the initial seizure occurred and declined the mortality rate, duration of GTCS, and incidence of convulsions. All doses of QR significantly reduced PGE2 levels (<i>P</i> ≤ 0.05). However, QR's effect on IL-1β reduction was statistically insignificant (<i>P</i> > 0.05). QR's capacity to inhibit PILO-induced epilepsy by decreasing IL-1 and PGE2 levels is supported by this study. The results of this work indicate that QR could have a function to treat acute epilepsy.</p>","PeriodicalId":14877,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11186541/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141431986","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Leaves of Annona muricata have medicinal potential which has gained attention from researchers around the world. This study has an objective to screen the antioxidant and cytotoxicity of ethyl acetate extract from A. muricata leaves and its fraction. The fine powder of A. muricata was macerated in methanol and further partitioned using two different solvents, namely n-hexane and ethyl acetate. In this article, we reported the screening results for ethyl acetate extract. Fractionation was then performed on the extract by means of column chromatography by gradient elution resulting in five combined fractions. Brine shrimp lethality test and 1-diphenyl-2-pycrilhidrazil (DPPH) assays were employed to evaluate the cytotoxicity and antioxidant of the extract, respectively. Characterization using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) was then conducted. The cytotoxicity of the samples was indicated by median lethal concentration50 values ranging from 28.84 to 1023.3 ppm. As for the antioxidant activity, the DPPH median inhibitory concentration50 values ranged from 4.12 to 180.66 ppm. GC-MS analysis on the most bioactive fraction revealed the predominating phytochemical contents of neophytadiene, palmitic acid, and phytol. In conclusion, the fraction of ethyl acetate extract from A. muricata leaves could potentially act as a strong antioxidant and moderate cytotoxic agent.
{"title":"Antioxidant and cytotoxicity screenings of ethyl acetate extract from <i>Annona muricata</i> leaves and its fractions.","authors":"Binawati Ginting, Mustanir Yahya, Nurdin Saidi, Ilham Maulana, Murniana Murniana, Eka Safitri, Muhammad Bahi, Yetty Rosiyana, Hazrina Novani, Devia Nurul Azla Milza","doi":"10.4103/JAPTR.JAPTR_470_23","DOIUrl":"10.4103/JAPTR.JAPTR_470_23","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Leaves of <i>Annona muricata</i> have medicinal potential which has gained attention from researchers around the world. This study has an objective to screen the antioxidant and cytotoxicity of ethyl acetate extract from <i>A. muricata</i> leaves and its fraction. The fine powder of <i>A. muricata</i> was macerated in methanol and further partitioned using two different solvents, namely n-hexane and ethyl acetate. In this article, we reported the screening results for ethyl acetate extract. Fractionation was then performed on the extract by means of column chromatography by gradient elution resulting in five combined fractions. Brine shrimp lethality test and 1-diphenyl-2-pycrilhidrazil (DPPH) assays were employed to evaluate the cytotoxicity and antioxidant of the extract, respectively. Characterization using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) was then conducted. The cytotoxicity of the samples was indicated by median lethal concentration<sub>50</sub> values ranging from 28.84 to 1023.3 ppm. As for the antioxidant activity, the DPPH median inhibitory concentration<sub>50</sub> values ranged from 4.12 to 180.66 ppm. GC-MS analysis on the most bioactive fraction revealed the predominating phytochemical contents of neophytadiene, palmitic acid, and phytol. In conclusion, the fraction of ethyl acetate extract from <i>A. muricata</i> leaves could potentially act as a strong antioxidant and moderate cytotoxic agent.</p>","PeriodicalId":14877,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11186548/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141432040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}