Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research最新文献

Red ginger contains valuable oleoresins, primarily gengerols, shogaol, and zingerone. However, its chemical profile can vary by geographic origin. This study aimed to classify the red ginger samples from different regions based on their chemical characteristics. Ethanol extracts of red ginger were prepared via maceration. Chemical profiles were obtained using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and the data were analyzed using principal component analysis-correspondence analysis (PCA-CA) chemometrics for classification. PCA-CA analysis revealed the highest similarity between samples from Pematang Simalungun and Sidomulyo Jalur 18 villages. When compared against a zingerone standard, only the sample from pagerharjo village showed a close chemical relationship. FTIR combined with PCA-CA chemometrics effectively distinguishes red ginger based on its chemical composition and geographic origin.

The placenta is rich in proteins and metabolites that modulate repair processes. Bovine placental extract (BPE) offers a practical alternative to human-derived materials for regenerative applications. The study aimed to characterize the proteomic composition of BPE and evaluate its regenerative potential in vitro and in vivo. Proteins were profiled by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and analyzed through bioinformatic enrichment of signaling pathways. Regenerative activity was assessed in New Zealand rabbit excisional wounds and human fibroblast cultures using viability and scratch assays. A total of 204 proteins were identified, including 89 differentially expressed proteins enriched in transforming growth factor-β, WNT, and extracellular matrix pathways. Topical BPE accelerated wound closure in rabbits compared with saline controls (P < 0.05). In fibroblasts, viability remained above 80% across all concentrations, and migration showed a nonsignificant dose-dependent trend. BPE contains bioactive proteins linked to key repair pathways and enhances wound healing without cytotoxic effects. These results support its potential as a safe, accessible biomaterial for regenerative medicine.

Liriope platyphylla and Asparagus cochinchinensis have been utilized as adjunctive therapies for disorders involving immune dysfunction in Korea. This study investigated the antioxidant and nitric oxide (NO) production inhibitory activities in different extracts of the two plants. The antioxidant activity of the tuber-derived extracts was assessed in vitro 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assay. The cell of RAW 264.7 macrophages were treated with extracts from two plants, and cell viability and nitric oxide (NO) production was determined using the MTT and Griess assay, respectively. The ethanol extract of L. platyphylla showed the highest antioxidant activity, showing the lowest IC₅₀ values of 132.14 ± 2.37 μg/mL in the DPPH assay and 183.82 ± 3.24 μg/mL in the ABTS assay. All tested concentrations of the ethanol extract from L. platyphylla maintained cell viability above 100%. Neither ethanol nor hot water extracts of the two plants induced cytotoxicity. Moreover, NO production in RAW 264.7 macrophages was inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner by the tested extracts. These results provide scientific backing for the traditional use of the two plants and suggest that the in vitro antioxidant and NO inhibitory properties may have potential applications in functional foods, pharmaceuticals, and cosmeceuticals.

[This corrects the article on p. 201 in vol. 16, PMID: 41234353.].

Buccal spray is an attractive dosage form for its ease of application, especially for infant and geriatric patients. The aim in this work was to optimize and prepare a clotrimazole buccal spray through exploring the role of main variables producing a mucoadhesive film, to evaluate its effectiveness against Candida albicans. The method of preparation involved solubilizing the drug using a suitable amount of PEG as well as PG, utilizing different most commonly applied bioadhesive polymers to achieve buccal mucoadhesion and compromising the viscosity. The solution was conserved in a plastic container with a metered dose designed to give 0.2 ml per puff. The optimized formula containing 0.5% polyvinyl alcohol, 60% PEG, and 15% PG exhibited suitable pH (6.16 ± 0.002), high drug release (100% ±1.098% within 90 min), drug content (104.1% ±2.001%), volume per actuation (0.19 ± 0.010 ml), spray of angle (47.2° ±0.896°) and acceptable viscosity (74 ± 1.3 cp), superior anti-Candida activity than commercial product with no irritation. Overall, choosing suitable additives can compromise the viscosity and have a great effect in obtaining the required dose upon a certain accurate value of actuations utilizing metered dose spray, enabling the product to flow out as ultrafine droplets instantly spread and adhere to buccal mucosa, improving residence time and diffusion, hence enhancing the efficacy of clotrimazole against candidiasis.

This study optimized supercritical CO₂ extraction (SCE) of Clinacanthus nutans leaves, with or without 80:20 ethanol-water co-solvent (CoS), and benchmarked it against ethanol maceration (MCE). MCE yielded 17.10% crude extract, while CoS SCE at 35 MPa/60°C achieved 5.98%, but with higher enrichment of flavonoids (88 mg QE/g, 2.1-fold above MCE) and retention of lipophilic phytosterols and terpenoids. MCE remained superior in total phenolic and saponin extraction. The selected SCE extract demonstrated dose- and time-dependent cytotoxicity against HeLa cells (IC₅₀ = 158 µg/mL, 48 h), but limited selectivity over hTERT-HME1 cells (SI ≈ 1.2). These findings underscore CoS SCE as a greener, rapid method for selectively recovering moderately polar bioactives from C. nutans, warranting bio-guided fractionation to enhance therapeutic specificity.

Calcium levels, closely tied to Vitamin D, significantly impact female health. However, the link between Vitamin D and menopause, its onset, and symptom severity remains unclear. This study aimed to examine the impact of Vitamin D supplementation on the age at menopause, menopausal symptoms, hormonal levels, and bone density in women. A 2-year prospective study of 100 menopausal women, grouped by Vitamin D levels (<20 ng/mL and >30 ng/mL), analyzed menopausal age, symptoms, hormone levels, and bone density. The results show that the women with vitamin D levels below 20 ng/mL had later menopause, more severe symptoms, lower estrogen, higher follicle-stimulating hormone, poorer bone density, and reduced quality of life than those with levels above 30 ng/mL, with all differences statistically significant (P < 0.05). Finally, I concluded that the vitamin D deficiency in menopausal women is linked to delayed menopause, severe symptoms, and poor hormonal and bone health. Adequate levels may support better menopausal health.

The health and beauty sectors are significant drivers for the continuous growth of related product markets. Solanum trilobatum L. (S. trilobatum), locally known as Ma Waeng Krue, is a popular medicinal plant utilized in primary health care in Thailand. Renowned for their remarkable antimicrobial, antioxidant, antibacterial, and antifungal characteristics, the leaves and fruits of this plant yield abundant quantities of saponins, anthraquinones, terpenoids, and tannins. This study investigated the antioxidant activity, total phenolic content (TPC), and inhibitory effects of unripe and ripe S. trilobatum fruit extracts against collagenase, elastase, and hyaluronidase, specifically methanol and ethyl acetate extracts. The ethyl acetate extracts from unripe fruits contained the highest TPC and showed the greatest antioxidant activity as demonstrated by the 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and ferric reducing antioxidant power methods. In contrast, methanol extracts from ripe fruits had the highest yield and demonstrated the greatest antioxidant activity according to the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay. Notably, methanol extracts from unripe fruits exhibited the most potent inhibition of collagenase, elastase, and hyaluronidase compared with ethyl acetate extracts.

Triphala, a traditional Ayurvedic formulation comprising Terminalia chebula, Terminalia bellirica, and Phyllanthus emblica, is renowned for its rich phytochemical composition and numerous health benefits. This study developed and evaluated three triphala-based functional food products - beverages, gummies, and tablets - by measuring gallic acid content, nutritional composition, and microbiological safety. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis showed gallic acid levels of 5.35 ± 0.14 mg per 200 mL in beverages, 248 ± 4.38 mg per 25 g in gummies, and 783 ± 2.69 mg per 12 g in tablets. Each product complied with microbial safety standards and was fortified with essential nutrients, confirming its suitability as a safe and functional food. These formulations advance plant-based functional foods, promoting health and disease prevention.

A chronic inflammatory dermatosis, eczema, affects more than 12% of the pediatric population and 7.2% of adults. Clinically, it presents with erythematous, scaly, and intensely pruritic lesions. Severe forms of the disease frequently exhibit poor responsiveness to treatments aimed at a single inflammatory pathway. Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb. rhizomes possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-allergic activities through a multi-target mechanism. This study aimed to evaluate the secondary metabolites of C. xanthorrhiza Roxb. rhizomes that can be developed into eczema drugs using virtual screening in silico. Secondary metabolite compounds from C. xanthorrhiza rhizomes were evaluated for their drug-likeness properties Subsequently, the similarity of their physicochemical properties was assessed using the principal component analysis. A target search of drug candidates was performed using the Swiss Target Prediction and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) Omnibus. Docking was performed using Molegro by comparing the rerank scores of the drug candidates with those of the original ligands. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) prediction was performed using the pkCSM. Carbonic anhydrase II, epidermal growth factor receptor, and the mammalian target of rapamycin came as the protein target for eczema disease. For the docking result, demethoxycurcumin (C00037023), 1,5-dihydroxy-1,7-bis (4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-4,6-heptadien-3-one (C00055412), 1,7-bis (4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3,5-heptanediol (C00055175), and 3'-demethoxycyclocurcumin (C00054761) had both better rerank score than the native ligand and good ADMET profiles. Four compounds derived from C. xanthorrhiza Roxb. rhizomes can be developed as an eczema potential treatment.