Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research最新文献

Herbal products in dentistry have grown significantly. In the current scenario, herbal products are believed to be an effective adjunct to other medications. The present study aims to evaluate Eucalyptus oil and miswak (Salvadora persica) toothpaste for its efficacy in observable reduction in plaque and gingival bleeding. Sixty participants with gingivitis were enrolled in the present study. The study included an interim period (washout) comparing miswak and Eucalyptus toothpaste. Plaque scores were measured at designated time intervals. Both herbal toothpastes significantly decreased plaque index. Nevertheless, with relation to miswak (P = 0.002), Eucalyptus oil-based toothpaste exhibited reduction in bleeding scores. When participants were asked to return to their routine toothpaste, no changes were observed. Results from the study showed that the toothpaste containing Eucalyptus showed a significant decrease in gingival bleeding. More investigations should be looked on the medicinal applications of Eucalyptus toothpaste on commonly seen periodontal parameters.

Type 2 diabetes is common globally. Pioglitazone (PGZ) is an oral TZD antidiabetic, whereas chromium-picolinate (Cr-PL) and Cr-glucose tolerance factor (Cr-GTF) are useful type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) supplements. Cr-PL/GTF antioxidants cure T2DM. They may fail in diabetes with or without insulin-sensitizing medications. It examined how Cr-PL, Cr-GTF, PGZ, and their combination affected glucose, glycosylated hemoglobin, insulin, and HOMA-IR. Sixty-three adult Sprague-Dawley rats (220-300 g) were selected, and nine rats were randomly assigned to a normal nondiabetic group. In contrast, 54 rats were randomly split into 9 rats per each of the 6 major groups and injected intraperitoneally with 40 mg/kg STZ to induce T2DM. Rats were administered PGZ = 0.65 mg/kg (rat weight)/day, Cr-PL = 1 mg/kg, Cr-GTF = 1 mg/kg, and their combinations (PGZ + Cr-PL and Cr-GTF) daily for 6 weeks per intervention. The PGZ + Cr-PL and PGZ + Cr-GTF groups had substantially lower insulin levels than the PGZ group (13.38 ± 0.06, 12.98 ± 0.19 vs. 14.11 ± 0.02, respectively), with the PGZ + Cr-GTF group having the lowest insulin levels (12.98 ± 0.19 vs. 14.11 ± 0.02, 13.38±0.06, respectively). Intervention substantially reduced HOMA-IR in the PZ + Cr-PL and PZ + Cr-GTF groups compared to PGZ (7.49 ± 0.04, 6.69 ± 0.11 vs. 8.37 ± 0.04, respectively). This research found that combining PGZ with Cr-GTF resulted in considerably lower HOMA-IR levels than the PGZ and Cr-PL groups (6.69 ± 0.11 vs. 8.37 ± 0.04, 7.49 ± 0.04, respectively). Both Cr-PL and Cr-GTF may control T2DM. Both Cr complexes improved T2DM biomarkers more than the control diabetic group without medication. PGZ alone and PGZ + Cr-PL had less pharmacological synergy than Cr-GTF and PGZ in altering insulin and HOMA-IR blood levels. These encouraging discoveries need more study.

Chemotherapy application in lung cancer patients has several side effects and shows lower effectiveness due to chemoresistance. Although Eleutherine bulbosa (Mill.) Urb. (EBE) elicit anticancer properties, yet the exact profile of its active compounds and lung cancer inhibition mechanisms were not fully understood. This study aimed to identify suggestive compounds from EBE extract and explain the molecular mechanisms of EBE against lung cancer. Identification of the compound from the EBE extract was confirmed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrophotometry (LC-MS/MS). The bioavailability profile of three major metabolites was identified using absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, toxicity software. The anticancer molecular mechanism prediction of the drugs was ascertained by network pharmacology using Cytoscape 3.9.1 and the protein-protein interaction network technique with STRING 11.0. Interaction between resveratrol and extracellular growth factor receptor (EGFR) was analyzed using site-specific molecular docking with erlotinib as the control using PyRx Autodock Vina 9.0 and BIOVIA Discovery Studio. A total of 16 active compounds were identified from LC-MS/MS. Only resveratrol showed anticancer properties by its interaction with 13 genes and 6 signaling pathways related to lung cancer. The molecular docking result supports the network pharmacology finding. The binding affinity of resveratrol with EGFR, important receptor in lung cancer, was more negative (-6.9 kcal/mol) than erlotinib (-6.2 kcal/mol) as the control. Evidence suggested that resveratrol in EBE exhibits anticancer effects by modulating lung cancer cell proliferation and apoptosis through EGFR binding.

Sevoflurane, also called fluoromethyl ether, is an inhalation anesthetic agent used to initiate and maintain general anesthesia for adults and pediatric patients during surgical procedures. Several analytical methods have previously been applied to follow the properties and quality of sevoflurane, including mass spectrometry and gas chromatography methods. These methods are practically tedious and need sophisticated apparatus. In the present work, an attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectrometric method was used for the quantitative determination of sevoflurane which is characterized as a fast, accurate, and available technique for most pharmaceutical laboratories, besides the gas chromatographic method which is the most suitable for the detection of impurities. Sevoflurane is a liquid and it is applied directly on the glass top of the ATR-FTIR either as a concentrated solution or diluted with hexane as a diluent, which did not interfere with sample determination within the specified wavelength range of the IR spectrum, particularly the wavelength of the ethereal group at 1200 cm^-1. This method can be applied to the identification test and quantitative assay of sevoflurane since it is validated for the precision, accuracy, reproducibility, and specificity in the analysis of sevoflurane as a pharmaceutical product. However, still, there is a need for a gas chromatographic method to detect the impurities and degradation products during the stability study of sevoflurane.

Luteolin exhibited antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and its chemical structure similar to that of ciprofloxacin (CPF) which works by inhibiting DNA gyrase. Filtrate from passion fruit extract containing luteolin and its derivatives could inhibit extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing E. coli. Antibacterial compounds that can also inhibit ESBL will be valuable compounds to overcome the problem of resistant bacteria. This study aimed to ensure the potency of luteolin and luteolin derivatives targeting DNA gyrase and ESBL by in silico approach. Docking simulation of ligands L1-L14 was performed using AutoDock Vina, and pharmacokinetics and toxicity (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity) profiles were predicted by pKCSM online. The docking result revealed higher binding affinity on DNA gyrase (PDB.1KZN) of 12 luteolin derivatives (energy <-7.6 kcal/mol) compared to CPF and higher affinity (energy <-6.27 kcal/mol) of all compounds than clavulanic acid against ESBL CTX-M-15 (PDB.4HBU). The compounds could be absorbed through the human intestine moderately, which showed low permeability to blood-brain barrier, nontoxic and nonhepatotoxic. The most active luteolin glycoside (L6) is capable to inhibit DNA gyrase and ESBL from E. coli which provided the potential against resistant bacteria and was promoted as lead compounds to be developed further.

The major mortality factor for women globally is breast cancer, and current treatments have several adverse effects. Hesperetin (HSP) is a flavone that occurs naturally with anti-tumor capabilities and has been investigated as a potential treatment for cancer. This study aimed to investigate the cytotoxic and anti-malignant potential of HSP on breast cancer cells (BT-474) and normal cells (MCF-10a). The results indicated that HSP has dose-dependent cytotoxicity in BT-474 and MCF-10a cells. The elevated concentration of HSP lowered cell viability and proliferation. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) of HSP in BT-474 cancer cells after a 48-h exposure was 279.2 μM/ml, while the IC₅₀ in normal cells was 855.4 μM/ml. The cytotoxicity of HSP was more significant in cancer cell lines than in normal cell lines and this aspect presents a favorable factor in utilizing the drug for the treatment of breast cancer. The apoptotic effect of HSP in BT-474 cells was investigated, and it was found that the higher the concentration of HSP more the cells underwent apoptosis. Furthermore, the highest concentration of HSP led to overexpression of the MLH1 and MSH2 genes in both breast cancer and normal cell lines. Overall, our study suggests that HSP has an anticancer effect on breast cancer cell lines, and the effect is concentration dependent.

Lactobacillus casei (LC) is a type of lactic acid bacterium that is known for its beneficial probiotic properties. However, it is not typically found in the human intestine because it lacks acid resistance. LC thrives in an optimal pH environment of 6.8 and can be initiated in a more acidic environment at a pH of 3.5. This study purposed to compare the effect of L-type methacrylic acid copolymer (MAC) as a matrix (0.50%, 0.75%, and 1.00%) on the physical characteristics of LC probiotic microparticles made by the spray drying process. Probiotic microparticles were also made from a dry suspension of LC FNCC 0090 bacteria and dispersed in a solution of L-type MAC. The results showed that a rise in matrix content by 1.00% increased particle size (4.47 ± 0.19 µm) and reduced moisture content (7.45 ± 0.11%). The analysis of microparticle morphology also indicated a positive correlation between the level of L-type MAC and the production of smooth, nonporous, and almost spherical shapes. In addition, it was observed that encapsulation efficiency (92.46 ± 0.17%) and protection against stomach acid (98.17% ±1.17%) increased with the level of the matrix.

Garcinia dulcis and Garcinia forbesii King are native plants from Indonesia and have tremendous potential as a source of raw medicines based on local wisdom. However, scientific data for strengthening pharmaceuticals are still limited. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a study to strengthen and develop the potential of both plants using the approach of traditional medicine. This study aimed to explore the secondary metabolite composition and biological activity (antioxidant and antielastase) of both plants. Both samples were extracted using 70% ethanol and microwave-assisted extraction with a microwave power of 120 watts for 15 min. The extract obtained was then screened for phytochemicals using specific reagents. The total phenolic content (TPC) was determined using spectrophotometry with a 96-well microplate reader method. The total flavonoid content (TFC) was determined using the colorimetric method, whereas metabolite profiling analysis was conducted using the UPLC-QToF-MS/MS system. Meanwhile, biological activity was tested for antioxidant activity and antielastase as measured by a microplate reader 96-well spectrophotometry method at specific wavelengths. According to the results, G. dulcis and G. forbesii fruit peel extracts showed positive detection of particular secondary metabolites. TPC and TFC values were 13.98 ± 1.90 mg GAE/g and 10.33 ± 1.90 mg QE/g for G. dulcis and 11.98 ± 2.04 mgGAE/g and 1.96 ± 0.36 mgQE/g for G. forbesii. Metabolite profiling detected some compounds from G. dulcis, including ephedrannin B, hinokiflavone, mahuannin J, and candidate mass C₉H₁₂O₈, and G. forbesii, including 5-Hydroxy-7,8,2'- trimethoxyflavone, lucialdehyde B, candidate mass C₂₁H₃₉NO₄, candidate mass C₁₄H₁₀O₆, and candidate mass C₁₄H₁₂O₆. Meanwhile, the biological activities (antioxidant and antielastase) were 137.721 μg/mL and 108.893 μg/mL for G. dulcis and 481.948 μg/mL and 250.611 μg/mL for G. forbesii, respectively. Both plants showed different profiles of secondary metabolites and biological activities (antioxidant and antielastase) according to their respective characteristics.

The Suk-Saiyasna remedy, an herbal treatment, was historically used but ceased due to its cannabis content. After a relaxation of drug control laws in Thailand, its use re-emerged. This study examines the Suk-Saiyasna remedy's impact on rodent behavior and its receptor effects. This study was conducted to assess the sedative-like effects of the remedy on mice. The mice were divided into groups receiving 0.6, 3, 30, and 60 mg/kg extracts, with negative controls for comparison. We also investigated the impact on receptors, utilizing negative controls and pretreatment with receptor blockers, followed by either a negative control or a 60 mg/kg extract. Furthermore, this study investigated the behavioral aspects of mice, including anxiolytic effects, antidepressant-like effects, and motor coordination, utilizing the elevated plus-maze, open-field, and rotarod performance tests. The Suk-Saiyasna remedy (P < 0.05) decreased significantly in the latent period and increased sleeping time in the treated groups. Moreover, the Suk-Saiyasna remedy also showed efficacy in reaction to GABAA receptors and cannabinoid CB1 receptors (P < 0.05). In addition, positive effects were observed regarding the animal behavior in the arena, as the animal activity, behavior, and muscle coordination were reduced (P < 0.05). The Suk-Saiyasna remedy may be involved in a sedative-hypnotic-like effect in rodents under normal conditions through the modulation of GABAergic neurons and induction of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor mechanism.

Skin damage and aging are potential health problems for woman agriculture workers. This study aimed to test the efficacy of Oxalis dehradunensis ethanol extract formulated in antiaging cream preparations as an aging treatment in women agriculture workers. The method carried out was an experimental study on woman agriculture workers who were willing to volunteer. The experimental scenario conducted related to the physical quality of antiaging cream products and the efficacy of creams on the skin as an antiaging treatment. Physical quality parameters of antiaging cream include organoleptic assessment, cream emulsion, homogeneity, viscosity, pH, distribution, and skin irritation test to evaluate potential side effects. Skin aging efficacy assessments were conducted on 12 subjects divided into four formula concentration groups. The physical skin identification parameters measured are moisture, pore size, pigmentation or spots, and wrinkles using a skin analyzer. The results found that O. dehradunensis leaf extract formulated as an antiaging cream can neutralize free radicals and is an effective countermeasure against premature skin aging. There were significant differences in the skin characteristics of woman agriculture workers who participated as samples. The formula with 5% concentrate and 7% extract of O. dehradunensis has provided a reaction and is more effective in continuous treatment. It provides skin moisture changes of more than 300%, disguises pore size and good pigmentation, and reduces wrinkles of farmers who are constantly exposed to chemicals and free radicals in their agricultural activities. The leaf extracts antiaging cream showed more significant changes in moisture and skin pigmentation. It was concluded that the use of O. dehradunensis leaf extract as the core ingredient of antiaging cream can be an innovation that is beneficial to the health of the farming community, especially among women agriculture workers.