Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research最新文献

Cisplatin (Cisp), a platinum-based compound, is a potent chemotherapy drug that effectively treats various cancers such as lung, breast, bladder, and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, its clinical application is limited due to its fibroblast damage, which is linked to its ability to produce collagen and other extracellular matrix components essential for tissue healing. Enhancing antioxidant capacity offers a potential strategy to reduce Cisp-induced fibroblast damage. Hesperidin (HSD), a flavonoid from Citrus sp., exhibits various pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. This study aims to determine HSD as cytoprotective induced by Cisp using the fibroblast cell lines (NIH-3T3). 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay was used to determine antioxidant activity. The viability cell after treatment with HSD, Cisp, and cotreatment HSD-Cisp was evaluated through Mictroculure Tetrazolium Technique (MTT) assay. The evaluation of senescence was performed using the senescence-associated β-galactosidase assay. Gelatin zymography assay was utilized to analyze the activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test in SPSS (version 20.0). The IC₅₀ of the radical scavenging assay of HSD was found to be 20.967 ± 0.016 µM. HSD showed low cytotoxicity against NIH-3T3 cells, with IC₅₀ values of over 500 µM. HSD showed an antagonistic effect when used as cotreatment HSD with Cisp in NIH-3T3 cells, with a combination index >1. Cotreatment of HSD and Cisp reduces cellular senescence and the expression of MMP-9 and MMP-2. These findings suggest that HSD could be beneficial as a cytoprotective agent, helping to maintain cellular health against chemotherapy.

This study was conducted to evaluate the impact of a combination of Morinda citrifolia fruit extract (MCFE) and Averrhoa bilimbi leaf extract (ABLE) on hair growth in rabbits. The study included seven treatment groups: (1) control group (distilled water), (2) positive control (minoxidil 5%), (3) treatment 1 (MCFE 10%), (4) treatment 2 (ABLE 10%), (5) treatment 3 (MCFE 5% + ABLE 5%), (6) treatment 4 (MCFE 7.5% + ABLE 2.5%), and (7) treatment 5 (MCFE 2.5% + ABLE 7.5%). Hair length measurements were taken on days 7, 14, 21, and 28, and the average daily growth rate was calculated by dividing the change in hair length by the number of days. Hair weight was measured on day 28. Data analysis was conducted using both two-way and one-way ANOVA, and statistical significance was determined at P < 0.05. The treatment group 4 (MCFE 7.5% + ABLE 2.5%) showed a significant difference in hair growth compared to the normal control, positive control, and other treatment groups (P < 0.05). The group exhibited a 19.69 ± 0.38 mm increase in hair length, with a daily growth rate of 0.88 mm/day, and an increase in hair weight of 0.33 ± 0.003 g. The combination of MCFE and ABLE demonstrated potential as an anti-hair loss agent, effectively enhancing both hair length and weight.

Graptophyllum pictum offers therapeutic potential that has received attention from researchers around the world. The purple leaf is native to New Guinea and has been widely distributed, including Indonesia. This study aims to determine the antioxidant activity and potential inhibition of the lipoxygenase (LOX) enzyme in the hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, and water fraction of purple leaf. Samples were extracted by maceration using 96% ethanol, followed by multilevel fractionation using ethyl acetate, hexane, and water solvents. The fractions were determined for their antioxidant activity using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl method, and their potential in LOX enzyme inhibition was analyzed using an ultraviolet-vis spectrophotometer. The ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest antioxidant activity with inhibition concentration (IC₅₀) of 17.23 µg/mL; LOX inhibition was also demonstrated by the highest ethyl acetate fraction with IC₅₀ 133.47 µg/mL, followed by the hexane fraction, and then the water fraction. These results suggest purple leaves with ethyl acetate fraction can be a new drug innovation with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and this study can be used as an evaluation material for further drug development.

The immune system's principal functions are to preserve health and defend against dangerous invaders (antigens). Parijoto fruit (Medinilla speciosa) is a plant that can potentially have immunomodulatory activity because it contains flavonoid and terpenoid compounds. The aim of this research is to ascertain the total flavonoid and phytochemical content of the parijoto fruit fraction, as well as its potential in vitro immunomodulatory activity. The extraction of powdered parijoto fruit was conducted using 70% ethanol, followed by the separation into n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and water fraction. The phytochemical content was analyzed with gas chromatography (GC)-mass spectrometry. The total flavonoid contents were determined by colorimetric analysis. In addition, the immunomodulatory activity assay was conducted in vitro to evaluate the phagocytic activity (phagocytic capacity [PC] and phagocytic index) of macrophages and the proliferation of lymphocytes (stimulation index [SI]). The GC results showed that parijoto fruit extract contains 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid-, and phthalic acid. The ethyl acetate fraction exhibited the greatest total flavonoid concentration at 7.4094 ± 0.49 mg QE/g sample. In vitro, immunomodulatory tests showed that all fractions could significantly increase macrophage phagocytic activity compared to control cells. The highest value of PC and phagocytic index was found in the n-hexane phase with a concentration of 750 g/mL of 82.75 ± 0.87 and a concentration of 500 g/mL of 6.62 ± 0.19, respectively. The ethyl acetate fraction exhibited the most significant SI for lymphocyte proliferation, recorded at a concentration of 750 g/mL with a value of 8.70 ± 1.01. The ethyl acetate fraction's SI >3 value in the lymphocyte proliferation test suggests that it exhibits lymphocyte proliferation activity. The parijoto fruit may enhance the phagocytic role of macrophages and promote lymphocyte proliferation, indicating its potential as an immunomodulatory therapy.

Vitamin K consumption needs to be monitored in people taking warfarin since it can impact the anticoagulation response. Vegetables are the primary nutritional source of Vitamin K1, in the form of Vitamin K1. The aim of this study was to measure the level of Vitamin K1 in various vegetables that were commercially sold in three major Bandung markets and were ingested by patients using warfarin at Hasan Sadikin Central General Hospital Bandung. High-performance liquid chromatography with an ultraviolet detector set at 245 nm was the analytical technique. One hundred percent methanol was used as the mobile phase, and it was isocratically eluted at a flow rate of 0.6 mL/min with a T3 column maintained at 25°C. The results indicated that the following Vitamin K1 levels were found in lettuce: 38.4391 ± 15.2650-64.4419 ± 19.0315 µg/100 g, in napa cabbage: 56.7445 ± 0.1569-273.2828 ± 8.3061 µg/100 g, in cabbage: 27.9531 ± 1.7487-217.0457 ± 7.2201 µg/100 g, and in spinach: 305.2868 ± 3.3058-970.7098 ± 14.1167 µg/100 g. The highest Vitamin K1 level was in spinach and the lowest was in lettuce.

In traditional medicine, Cyrtostachys renda has been used for its many bioactive components that are good for people's health. This research assessed the cytotoxic effects of extracts and fractions against Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 (MCF-7) and Henrietta Lacks (HeLa) cell lines. The extracts and fractions of root and fruit assess cytotoxic activities and inhibitory mechanisms against the MCF-7 and HeLa cancer cell lines, respectively. The fruit and roots of C. renda were extracted using the liquid-liquid method. The sample concentrations evaluated included extracts 31.5-1000 μg/mL, fractions 15.625-500 μg/mL, and doxorubicin 2-0.0625 μg/mL. Cytotoxicity was evaluated on MCF-7 and HeLa cells using an MTT assay. Morphological alterations were subsequently discovered utilizing an inverted microscope. Flow cytometry was utilized to find out the cell cycle's distribution and the apoptosis characteristics. The different parts and extracts showed cytotoxic effects on HeLa and MCF-7 cells, with IC₅₀ values ranging from 30.69 ± 0.47 to 787.89 ± 1.77 µg/mL. Cell cycle studies showed that fraction A4 inhibited the cell cycle in MCF-7 cells at the G1 phase followed by the G2/M and S phases, while fraction B5 inhibited the cell cycle in HeLa cells at the G2/M phase. Both fractions showed the ability to induce apoptosis against MCF-7 and HeLa cells. The results showed that the fractions A4 and B5 showed cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 and HeLa cells by cell cycle arrest and apoptosis induction.

Voriconazole (VOR) is a triazole antifungal agent; it blocks the synthesis of ergosterol, available in the market orally and intravenously, but, not without various side effects. The aim of this study is development and characterization of VOR oleogel for the topical treatment of skin fungal infection to avoid the drug's systemic side effects that are associated with oral and IV routes. The gelator Span 60 (S) was added at different concentrations to different oils (oleic OO, grapeseed GO, and sesame oil SO) to obtain the minimum gelation concentration, the prepared formulas were subjected to various evaluation tests, and the optimum formula was checked for antifungal effect, and subjected to viscosity, and texture analysis. The optimized formula, Span60 with SO 14SSO, showed 100% drug release, good antifungal activity, and acceptable transition temperature. The study of viscosity demonstrated the pseudo-plastic shear thinning behavior. A Fourier-transform infrared study showed that the drug and excipients did not significantly interact. 14SSO might be a promising topical treatment option for skin fungal infections.

Colorectal cancer's escalating prevalence in Malaysia prompts the exploration of innovative anticancer agents; amidst this backdrop, tricyclohexyltin p-methoxycinnamate emerges as a synthesized organotin complex with unique bioactive properties. Notably, the novelty of this research lies in its groundbreaking investigation into the hitherto unexplored anticancer potential and mode of cell death induced by tricyclohexyltin p-methoxycinnamate on colon cancer (human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line (HT-29)) cell lines. This study pioneers the assessment of tricyclohexyltin p-methoxycinnamate's cytotoxic effects through the "(3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay," revealing a dose- and time-dependent cytotoxicity with IC₅₀ values of 1.2 × 10-6M for 24 h, 1.0 × 10-6M for 48 h, and 5.0 × 10-7M for 72 h. The mode of cell death through "AO/PI" staining alongside cell cycle analysis, highlighting apoptosis as the predominant mode of cell death in the HT-29 cell line, accompanied by substantial cell cycle arrest at the sub-"G0" phase. The tricyclohexyltin p-methoxycinnamate's shown potential antiproliferative properties, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis in HT-29 cancer cells. This novel insight into the compound's mode of action positions it as a promising candidate for future anticancer therapeutics. The study underscores the urgency of investigating innovative approaches amidst the rising colorectal cancer rates, emphasizing the compound's potential through further in-depth studies and preclinical trials.

Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) is an inherited disorder with an autosomal recessive pattern of inheritance. FMF is the most prevalent among ethnic populations originating from the Mediterranean region and results from pathogenic mutations in the Mediterranean fever (MEFV) gene. For the materials and methods employed in this study, a total of 416 patients from the northwestern region of Iran were screened for the presence of 18 commonly occurring variants in the MEFV gene. The screening process involved the use of multiplex amplification-ligation polymerase chain reaction coupled with fluorescently labeled DNA probes. This technique enabled the detection of single nucleotide polymorphisms, which are variations in a single nucleotide base within the MEFV gene sequence. The initial manifestation of symptoms occurred between the ages of 1 and 20 years in 63.46% of the cases studied. The four most commonly observed clinical manifestations among the patients were abdominal pain, fever, joint pain, and vomiting. Molecular analysis of 18 prevalent MEFV variants in 416 FMF patients revealed the underlying genetic causes in 242 individuals. Out of these 242 cases, 129 patients (53.3%) were heterozygous carriers of a single pathogenic variant, 19 patients (7.8%) were homozygous for a single variant, 48 patients (19.83%) were compound heterozygotes harboring two different pathogenic variants, and 46 patients (19%) exhibited multiple variants, which were classified as complex cases. The R202Q variation emerged as the most prevalent among the four genotypic groups and exhibited the highest allele frequency (39.94%), followed by E148Q (20.62%), M694V (15.14%), and V726A (15.14%). Genetic profiling of MEFV variations revealed a predominance of R202Q, with E148Q, M694V, and V726A occurring in descending order of frequency. The allele frequency of the R202Q variant exhibited a statistically significant difference when compared to other ethnic groups, with the exception of the Turkish population. Interestingly, while the M694V variant is reported as the most prevalent in several other populations and ethnic groups, in our study cohort, it emerged as the third most common variant. This finding suggests that the frequencies of specific alleles can vary substantially across different countries, populations, and ethnic groups.

The bioprospection of Heimioporus spp. has not been extensively explored because of its limited distribution and cultivation. This investigation aims to examine the proximate, mycochemicals, and antibacterial properties of aqueous Heimioporus spp. extracts. The dried mushroom was analyzed for nutritional content quantitatively, and mycochemicals were identified quantitatively. Antimicrobial activities were studied using disc diffusion assays and minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations. Mushroom extracts were produced by maceration at 25°C ± 2°C for 48 h and boiled at 100°C for 30 min to yield cold aqueous extract (CAE) and hot aqueous extract (HAE), respectively, which were then tested against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Propionibacterium acnes. The mycochemicals were analyzed for their alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and saponins. The study utilized ANOVA and DMRT statistical analysis software, with P < 0.05, to analyze the results. Results showed high protein (30.88%), carbohydrate (47.57%), and fat content (0.61%). The CAE showed higher antibacterial activity than the HAE against E. coli (9.67 ± 0.58 mm) and S. aureus (10.00 ± 0.00 mm) but no antibacterial activity against P. acnes (P < 0.05). The CAE had more mycochemicals than HAE. Results suggested that Heimioporus spp. is a potential functional food with health benefiits, which has high lipid, carbohydrate, and protein content. Its extracts revealed strong antibacterial properties against E. coli and S. aureus but no inhibition against P. acnes.