Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology & Research最新文献

Due to its genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity, breast cancer is very difficult to eliminate. The harmful consequences of conventional therapies like radiation and chemotherapy have prompted the search for organic-based alternatives. Hesperetin (HSP), a flavonoid, has been discovered to possess the ability to hinder the proliferation of cell associated with breast cancer by acting as an epigenetic agent and modifying gene expression. In this investigation, breast cancer cells (BT-549) and normal cells (MCF-10a) were subjected to the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) test and three different doses (200, 400, and 600 μM/mL) of HSP for real-time polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry to examine its cytotoxic and anti-malignant potential. HSP was shown to be cytotoxic to both normal and breast cancer cells, but had a more pronounced effect on the cancer cell lines. After 48 h of treatment, the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC₅₀) for BT-549 was 279.2 μM/mL, whereas the IC₅₀ for MCF-10a was 855.4 μM/mL. At high HSP concentrations, upregulation of the MLH1 and MSH2 genes was observed in both cell lines. The influence of HSP on MLH1 gene expression was concentration dependent. Moreover, HSP had a concentration-dependent effect on MSH2 gene expression in the BT-549 cell line but not in the MCF-10a cell line. Cell death and early apoptosis were shown to be concentration dependent upon the application of HSP, as determined by flow cytometric analysis. HSP's capacity to cause apoptosis and its stronger impact on the malignant cell line when analyzed with the normal cell line imply that it might be useful as an effective therapeutic approach for combating breast cancer.

Gout arthritis is an inflammatory condition that occurs suddenly in joints affected by high uric acid levels (hyperuricemia). The uric acid levels in this disease fluctuate throughout its various phases, resulting in frequent or recurrent attacks. This study aims to review some aspects of gout arthritis, such as its pathophysiology, treatment goals, and adverse drug reactions. This study employs review literature using articles published between 2017 and 2022 as the research methodology. Furthermore, articles under 2017 are used as references if they are relevant to the study's subject matter. The findings showed the importance of the pathogenesis of inflammation in the treatment of gout arthritis. It is also recommended to use anti-inflammatories such as colchicine and uric acid-lowering medications starting at a specific time to prevent unintended risks. Hence, pharmacotherapy management's adverse effects include nausea, vomiting, myalgia, neuropathy, and stomach pain.

The research aims to produce a local Pemberian makanan tambahan (PMT) biscuit formula that is nutritious, acceptable and has a good shelf life. Experimental research with RAL design used two factors and two treatments, namely the addition of anchovy flour (20% and 30%) and moringa leaf flour (20% and 30%) to 100 g of corn flour. The research was conducted in April-November 2022 with an analysis of nutritional content, and acceptability. Data were processed using SPSS with a statistical test One Way analysis of variance Test. The results of the analysis showed that the P4 product had a higher nutritional content difference, namely: 17.976 g of protein; fat 20.106 g; carbohydrates 60.644 g; minerals 3.632 μg; water content 3.999 aw; and energy 490.9 kcal with acceptance scores: Like-really like for 7 days at room temperature without standard packaging. Each serving portion for children of 2 pieces of biscuits or as much as 25 g/day gets a protein nutritional intake of 2.26 g or 11.3% of the Recommended dietary allowance (RDA); Fat of 2.66 or 5.9% of the RDA; Carbohydrates are 14.3 or 6.7% of the RDA and Energy is 615.23 kcal or 45.6% of the RDA. Product combination of 100 g of corn flour; 20 g of moringa flour; and 20 g of anchovy flour into the local therapeutic food "Iman" biscuit formulation which is very popular.

Pregnancy-associated anemia is a widespread condition that can have varying impacts on both the mother and the developing fetus, depending on the level of hemoglobin in the mother's blood and the stage of pregnancy at which the anemia occurs. In Iraq, 27% of all registered thalassemia cases are thalassemia minor. Pregnancy may aggravate mild undiagnosed thalassemia early in pregnancy. The objective of the study was to access the prevalence of undetected thalassemia minor in primigravida women who received prenatal care before 20 weeks and to compare the demographic and socioeconomic characteristic features between women with iron-deficiency anemia (IDA) and those without any anemia. A total of 298 primigravida women who attended prenatal care at 20 weeks or less were recruited and their hematocrit level was assessed. Participants were segregated into two groups regarding the presence of anemia. Patients who had packed cell volume lower than 33% underwent iron study and standard Hb electrophoresis. Information about women's demographics, socioeconomic status, and family history of hereditary anemia were recorded. The participants had a mean age of 22.7 years, with an age range spanning from 16 to 43 years. 33.33% of 298 women had pathological anemia. All the participants exhibited microcytic anemia, with 26.85%, had confirmed IDA, whereas 6.71% had β thalassemia minor (BTM) phenotype. Both BTM and IDA patients frequently reported a positive family history of anemia at 80% and 68.7%, respectively, which was significantly greater than the control group at 39.9% (P = 0.001). No significant differences were seen between BTM and IDA in terms of age or socioeconomic status. Anemia due to undetected thalassemia minor was common among primigravida women. Screening for BTM carriers pregnant can help in monitoring their status, assessing the fetus's risk of developing thalassemia, and making a diagnosis in communities with high rates of consanguineous marriages, such as Iraq.

Biofilm-forming bacteria have sent alarms to the world about the emerging of bacterial resistance. Gentamycin is an aminoglycoside broad-spectrum antibiotic used against microbial infections. The transdermal drug delivery method is a major system used to reduce drug toxicity and avoid first-pass metabolism. Gentamycin was formulated in a transdermal polymeric formula using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and Chitosan in the presence of palmitic acid as a permeation enhancer. In this research, gentamycin extended drug release behavior was successfully done in different polymeric formulas containing (HPMC/PVP) and (HPMC/Chitosan), with a maximum drug release of <70%. In addition, drug diffusion was found to be dependent on the rate of drug release. The controlled release formulas selected for antimicrobial assay show that HPMC/Chitosan formulas have successfully inhibited microbial and biofilm growth by 90%. In conclusion, gentamycin can be formulated in a transdermal polymeric film to target skin infection, reduce drug side effects and avoid drug first-pass metabolism.

The most prevalent cancer and the one with the highest fatality rate is breast cancer, accounting for 27% of all malignancies in women and ranking one among all cancers in women. It appears that breast cancer affects both developed and developing nations. Hence, raising public awareness of breast malignancy prevention strategies is crucial in lowering the morbidity and mortality associated with the disease. The awareness and practices of female undergraduate students at Tikrit University regarding breast self-examination (BSE) were evaluated in this study. This cross-sectional investigation was performed on 420 Iraqi undergraduate scholars at the Faculty of Basic Education, University of Tikrit. The students were polled online using a self-administrated Google Forms that was disseminated through social media. Microsoft Office Excel and SPSS version 22 were used to analyze the data that had been gathered. The majority of responders (70.2%) claimed to be knowledgeable about breast cancer. Out of the participants, around 31.8% expressed the belief that a positive family history, followed by obesity 18.9% was responsible for its occurrence. BSE as a technique to find breast cancer early was only known by 33.2% of individuals who were aware of breast cancer. The significant relationships between BSE practice and breast cancer were demonstrated (P = 0.01). Timely identification and treatment of breast cancer potentially lead to improved outcomes and complete recovery when individuals promptly report signs and symptoms. By promoting awareness of breast cancer and conducting BSE, it is possible to minimize the financial burden of the treatment plan and mitigate the impact of synonyms.

The purpose of this research is to determine how Mirtogenol affects intraocular pressure (IOP) and retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) of apoptosis index in Wistar glaucoma models, as well as the relationship between IOP and RGC apoptosis index. Twelve Wistar glaucoma models were divided into two groups for experimental research with a pretest-posttest and posttest-only. The treatment group got oral administration of Mirtogenol 12.3 mg twice a day for 2 weeks, whereas the control group received a placebo in the same way. Apoptotic index and IOP were evaluated both before and after the intervention. A parametric independent t-test was used to determine the difference between groups, and a parametric paired t-test was used to determine the difference within groups. The results showed that the RGC apoptosis index in treatment groups was considerably less when compared to control groups (P < 0.001). In the treatment group, the IOP is decreased compared to the control group (mean difference: -12.67 ± 3.79 vs. 0.69 ± 4.64, respectively, P = 0.002). A significant and solid correlation was found between IOP and RGC apoptosis index (R = 0.884, P < 0.001). Thus, Mirtogenol supplementation is expected to be used to prevent glaucoma progression.

Besides adenovirus, pneumonia can also be caused by bacteria. One of the most common bacteria causing the pneumonia is Klebsiella pneumoniae. Currently, treatment by antibiotics has been widely used. Nevertheless, the increasing failure of existing antibiotics because of antibiotic resistance resulted by bacterial pathogens has become a serious problem to human health. Hence, there is a need for a new antibacterial potential agent against K. pneumoniae as an alternative treatment to the pneumonia to prevent the risk of a severe pneumonia for both healthy people and those already infected with the pneumonia. This study, therefore, investigated the antibacterial activity of some selected plants (Pandanus tectorius, Nypa fruticans, Sonneratia alba, Phaleria macrocarpa, Hibiscus tiliaceus, and Pongamia pinnata) against K. pneumoniae. In this study, samples were extracted successively by cold maceration using hexane and methanol. Antibacterial activity was determined by well and disc diffusion methods. Each fraction was prepared by two-fold dilutions from 20 mg/mL to 0.156 mg/mL. All data were analyzed in triplicate replication and presented as mean values ± standard deviation. Results showed that all methanol fractions of selected plants had antibacterial activity against K. pneumoniae, and well-diffusion method showed better antibacterial results compared to the agar well-diffusion method. The strongest activity was obtained by methanol fraction of S. alba leaf, followed by P. pinnata leaf, Nypa fruticans bark, H. tiliaceus leaf, P. macrocarpa leaf, and P. tectorius leaf with the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) value between 0.625 and 5.0 mg/mL. Phytochemical screening revealed that all methanol fractions were rich in flavonoid content, which could have contributed to their antibacterial activity.

The COVID-19 pandemic disease, which affects the respiratory system and produces flu-like symptoms, is caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. It is transmitted by close contact, oronasal secretions, or droplets. In general, pregnant individuals are at increased risk than nonpregnant individuals for developing serious SARS-CoV-2 virus-related illnesses, particularly during the third trimester. Despite the lack of research on COVID-19-infected pregnant mothers, this review article has discussed the clinical and laboratory characteristics and impact of COVID-19 on delivery, management, and vaccination of pregnant individuals with COVID-19 infection.

Cancer is a disease triggered by an uncontrolled proliferation of a cluster of cells, typically originating from a single cell. Sorafenib, a widely utilized pharmaceutical, has limitations in clinical use due to pharmacokinetic challenges and the development of resistance mechanisms. This investigation aimed to synthesize new sorafenib analogs and evaluated their activity against HepG2 cell lines, specifically targeting hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Seven sorafenib analogs were synthesized and identified by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and 1H-NMR spectra. Cytotoxicity of the analogs was assessed on the human HepG2 cancer cell line by (3-(4, 5-dimethylthazolk-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) colorimetric assay. Results revealed that among the studied compounds, 4b exhibited the most pronounced cytotoxicity against cancer cells, surpassing even the efficacy of sorafenib. This suggested that small substitutions on the NH moiety play a crucial role in the activity against the human HepG2 liver cancer cell line. These findings provide valuable insights for the development of potential anticancer-targeting HCC.