Journal of Aerosol Science最新文献

{"title":"Nanoparticle size distribution measurement scheme using mass-to-charge ratio measurements with Vacuum Ultraviolet irradiation in medium vacuum","authors":"Jongmin Yoon ,&nbsp;Seungjae Lee ,&nbsp;Taesung Kim","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106608","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106608","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>With increasing demand for Virtual Metrology (VM) and Advanced Process Control (APC) in semiconductor manufacturing, the importance of in-situ quantitative monitoring of process results has grown beyond in-situ qualitative monitoring. Particle Size Distribution (PSD) analysis of nanoparticles ranging from several to hundreds of nanometers (nm) in diameter offers a possible method for the quantitative monitoring of plasma processes. However, conventional Particle Beam Mass Spectrometer (PBMS) systems designed for PSD analysis require pressures greater than hundreds of millitorrs for operation, which limits their applicability to modern semiconductor processes that require a medium vacuum. We propose a new PSD measurement scheme to perform PSD analysis for medium-vacuum processes. The hardware configuration includes a Vacuum Ultraviolet (VUV) irradiation chamber and a mass-to-charge ratio (<span><math><mrow><mi>m</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>q</mi></mrow></math></span>) measurement device consisting of a stacked-quadrupole-based charged particle funnel and Quadrupole Mass Analyzer (QMA). With this configuration, a PSD measurement algorithm is developed using a direct photoionization model-based Non-negative Least Squares (NNLSQ) method with gradient descent optimization. The PSD is estimated from multiple <span><math><mrow><mi>m</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>q</mi></mrow></math></span> distributions measured under various VUV irradiation levels. The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed <span><math><mrow><mi>m</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>q</mi></mrow></math></span> measurement scheme achieves an <span><math><mrow><mi>m</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>q</mi></mrow></math></span> selection efficiency of 21% and a resolution of ± 3% for singly charged spherical Sodium Chloride (NaCl) nanoparticles at the sizes of 5–50 nm, which follow Maxwellian velocity distributions at 20 °C in the free molecular regime. Furthermore, under ideal photoionization-dominant conditions for NaCl nanoparticles with randomly assigned initial charges, peak-normalized target monodispersed PSDs with distribution change slopes ranging from <span><math><mo>−</mo></math></span>0.4 to 0.5 <span><math><msup><mrow><mtext>nm</mtext></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></math></span> can be estimated in the size range of 5–50 nm, with mode errors within 5.6% and Geometric Standard Deviation (GSD) errors within 2.0%.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 106608"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144223531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Size-resolved chemical composition analysis of ions produced by a dielectric barrier discharge bipolar charger","authors":"Yueyang Li ,&nbsp;Michel Attoui ,&nbsp;Yiliang Liu ,&nbsp;Qiwen Sun ,&nbsp;Qing Li ,&nbsp;Runlong Cai ,&nbsp;Lin Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106623","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106623","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate prediction of aerosol charge distribution is crucial for aerosol size distribution measurements using electrical mobility spectrometers. The charge distribution of widely used bipolar diffusion aerosol charging is affected by the electrical mobility and mass of ions. In this study, we developed and evaluated a concentric cylindrical double dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) bipolar charger, and investigated the impact of measurement conditions on electrical mobility and mass of charging ions. The size-resolved chemical composition of ions produced by the DBD charger was analyzed using a high-resolution half-mini differential mobility analyzer coupled to an atmospheric pressure interface time-of-flight mass spectrometer. The effects of the discharge gas, carrier gas and relative humidity (RH) on ion properties were evaluated. Our results show that both discharge gas and carrier gas influenced the chemical composition of ions. The detected high-abundance ions were mainly originated from impurities in the carrier and discharge gases, or compounds used when manufacturing the system components. The ion mobility distribution varied with the type of carrier gas and its relative humidity, but was not sensitive to discharge gas or its flowrate. The measured charge distribution using the DBD charger was in a good agreement with Wiedensohler's approximation (Wiedensohler, 1988), and the theoretically predicted charge distribution, calculated from the measured ion properties, was also consistent with the experimental results. Only minor variations with a relative uncertainty of 12.1% and 9.5% for positive and negative particles, respectively, in singly charged particle fractions were expected among different measurement conditions. Despite a higher uncertainty likely introduced by using ambient air as the carrier gas, our work indicates that the newly developed DBD charger has the potential to be used as a bipolar charger under typical laboratory and ambient measurement conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 106623"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144231580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparison of collision rate coefficient model predictions for different interaction strengths and temperatures","authors":"Ivo Neefjes ,&nbsp;Bernhard Reischl ,&nbsp;Huan Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106638","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106638","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The formation of aerosol particles from the vapor phase is a common process in both natural and industrial systems, where bimolecular collisions drive the very first step of the phase transition. Widely used analytical models, such as the non-interacting hard-sphere (NHS) and central field (CF) models, offer fast and straightforward predictions for bimolecular collision rate coefficients. However, their accuracy varies depending on the interaction strength between the collision partners. The NHS model neglects long-range forces, leading to underperformance in strongly interacting systems, while the CF model assumes point-like particles, reducing its reliability in weakly interacting systems. The recently developed interacting hard-sphere (IHS) model (Yang et al., 2023) addresses these limitations by incorporating both long-range interactions and the finite sizes of the colliding species. Despite the widespread use of these models, there is limited guidance on their applicability across different systems. In this work, we systematically evaluated the NHS, CF, and IHS models and propose a practical rule of thumb for selecting the most appropriate model. We applied this rule of thumb to a range of collision systems with varying interaction strengths and validated it against classical atomistic force field molecular dynamics simulations. Our findings show that the IHS model most accurately reproduces molecular dynamics-derived collision rate coefficients and smoothly converges to the NHS and CF models in the weak and strong interaction limits, respectively. Moreover, we find that the simpler CF model is sufficiently accurate for most systems at ambient conditions. This work provides practical guidance for balancing accuracy and complexity when predicting collision rate coefficients.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 106638"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144604229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Large eddy simulations to investigate airborne virus inactivation using a ultraviolet air purifier with Lagrangian tracking","authors":"S. Sankurantripati ,&nbsp;F. Duchaine ,&nbsp;N. Francois ,&nbsp;S. Marshall ,&nbsp;P. Nekolny","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106642","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106642","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In response to the recent COVID-19 pandemic, Ultraviolet (UV) air purifiers have emerged as a recommended mitigation strategy to deactivate airborne viruses and reduce infection spread within enclosed spaces. This paper focuses on developing a high fidelity computational methodology to investigate the efficacy of such devices. Large Eddy Simulations are used to resolve the turbulent flow inside the purifier with 2 UV lamps activated for specified operating conditions. A fully coupled, or two-way coupling approach, is compared with a computationally efficient one-way coupling method. Once the Eulerian flow reaches statistical convergence, time-averaged velocity and temperature distributions are extracted and provided to an Eulerian–Lagrangian framework to examine the turbulent dispersion of virus-laden droplets based on a frozen flow approach. These simulations incorporate an evaporation model for virus-laden droplets, highlighting the importance of accounting for this physical phenomenon. The majority of droplets exiting the purifier are identified as droplet nuclei containing non-volatile matter and virus copies. The survival rate of these expelled virus-laden droplets is determined using a UV radiation disinfection solver, developed and validated based on existing experimental studies. The resulting inactivation rate of the UV air purifier reaches 99%, highlighting its potential as an effective mitigation strategy.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 106642"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144662954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of geometry on particle capture efficiency in trap impactors","authors":"Liam White,&nbsp;Edward P. DeMauro,&nbsp;German Drazer","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106643","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106643","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In this study, trap impactors are used to collect polydisperse liquid droplets and are compared to the efficiency predicted by a conventional inertial impactor with excellent agreement. Polydisperse droplets are atomized and vary from <span><math><mrow><mn>0</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>3</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>μ</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span> to <span><math><mrow><mn>10</mn><mo>.</mo><mn>5</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>μ</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></math></span> in diameter. Droplets are characterized after the impactor nozzle with an optical particle sizer to determine the size distribution and the corresponding distribution of Stokes numbers (St) at the tested flow rates. The trap ratio is defined as the difference between the trap and nozzle diameters divided by the total depth of the trap. To characterize the trap geometry, multiple traps are tested with varying trap ratios and demonstrate that decreasing the trap ratio results in a reduction in trap efficiency and an increase in wall losses. Specifically, a trap ratio of 1.00 resulted in a maximum trap efficiency of 94%, whereas a trap ratio of 0.27 had a maximum trap efficiency of 31%. Trap impactor design recommendations are made to maximize droplet collection inside the trap by increasing the trap ratio.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 106643"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144580684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Announcement of the 2024 Journal of Aerosol Science Excellence in Research Award Recipient","authors":"Chris Hogan (Editor-in-Chief, Journal of Aerosol Science)","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106640","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106640","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 106640"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144469943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parabolic flow tube reactor for tandem DMA studies of cluster ion evaporation kinetics: Design, theoretical data inversion, and preliminary results for ionic liquid nanodrops","authors":"J. Fernandez de la Mora,&nbsp;C. Luebbert,&nbsp;L.J. Perez-Lorenzo","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106625","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106625","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>We seek to infer single-molecule evaporation rates from airborne ionic liquid clusters mobility-selected on a first DMA, flowing through a heated tube, with the ratio of product to parent fluxes determined on a second DMA. We connect theoretically the measured flux ratio to the reaction rate <em>k</em> via separation of variables, by assuming parabolic flow at large Peclet number (<em>Pe</em>). To minimize the non-parabolic entry flow region, we operate at moderate Reynolds numbers (∼150), resulting in a limited <em>Pe</em>. We identify practical conditions with small entry length and negligible finite-<em>Pe</em> corrections for the full (elliptic) non-reactive problem, which is numerically manageable despite the non-orthogonal eigenfunctions. We argue that moderate <em>Pe</em> corrections for the reactive problem are also small. The parent species problem is analogous to the nonreactive Graetz problem, though including the dimensionless first order reaction rate <em>K</em> as a free parameter. The product species problem involves an extra diffusivity ratio <em>γ</em> and non-standard functions, efficiently calculated by the computer program Mathematica. All other calculations involve diagonal matrices, enabling covering all the relevant range of dimensionless parameters: 1≤<em>K</em> ≤ 100; 1≤γ ≤ 1.4; arbitrary tube length <em>x</em>. These numerical results are condensed into tables for interpolations, enabling the quick inference of reaction constants from experimental data. The procedure is used to invert experimental data yielding the volatility of clusters of the ionic liquid EMI-FAP having diameters smaller than 3 nm. The approach is limited to situations where only one or two reaction products form.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 106625"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144306255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Fundamental study of horizontal wind velocity effect on PM2.5 and PM10 sampling accuracy of low-Cost sensors","authors":"Yi-Ming Lee ,&nbsp;Thi-Cuc Le ,&nbsp;Ying-Chang Chen ,&nbsp;Gung-Hwa Hong ,&nbsp;Guan-Yu Lin ,&nbsp;Chuen-Jinn Tsai","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106645","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106645","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Low-cost PM sensors are widely used for air quality monitoring, yet their performance is influenced by many factors such as particle concentration and size, particle properties, relative humidity, and temperature etc. Laboratory and field calibrations are normally needed to correct for the potential bias of sensor readings. However, the effect of ambient wind velocity on the sensor flow rate and the particle sampling efficiency is rarely explored. This study conducted a fundamental study on the impact of horizontal wind velocity on the PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ sampling efficiency of low-cost PM sensors in a wind tunnel using NaCl and dust test particles. Results indicated that as wind velocity increased (0.35–3.26 m/s), the sampling flow rate and sampling efficiency of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ decreased for both sensors. To calibrate the effect of the wind velocity on the sampling efficiency, a theoretical prediction model was developed with predicted results in good agreement with the experimental data. To mitigate the influence of horizontal wind velocity on the bias of the sensors, a Multi-Hole Inlet Cover (MHIC) was designed for the PMSX003, and test results showed significant improvement in PM_2.5 accuracy while PM₁₀ performance was also enhanced. This study demonstrates that horizontal wind velocity and sampling flow rate are critical factors affecting PM sensor accuracy and a validated model is useful for improving measurement reliability in high-wind conditions. It is also expected that the novel MHIC developed in this work could be used to improve the accuracy of monitoring data and expand its applicability across various environmental conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 106645"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144549289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Systematic review of respiratory particle measurement studies and a new method for human particle emission measurement during breathing, coughing, and voice production","authors":"Anna Tuhkuri Matvejeff ,&nbsp;Ville Silvonen ,&nbsp;Paavo Heikkilä ,&nbsp;Enni Sanmark ,&nbsp;Jani Hakala ,&nbsp;Niina Kuittinen ,&nbsp;Ahmed Geneid ,&nbsp;Anne-Maria Laukkanen ,&nbsp;Paavo Alku ,&nbsp;Lotta-Maria Oksanen ,&nbsp;Topi Rönkkö ,&nbsp;Aimo Taipale ,&nbsp;Sampo Saari","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106619","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106619","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Spurred by the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, there has been a considerable increase in research on human respiratory particle characterization using diverse methodologies. Our objective was to review previous methods used and to develop a highly controlled method for measuring human respiratory particle emissions during breathing, coughing, and voice production. A systematic search from three databases (Ovid Medline, Web of Science, and Scopus) was carried out in January 2024 according to the PRISMA 2020 principles. 77 original studies were included in the qualitative analysis. Considerable variation was noted in the methodology of previous particle measurement studies regarding setups, instrumentation, protocols, and reporting. We identified six key setups and discuss factors such as relative humidity, particle losses, and dilution for each.</div><div>We also present our novel setup, comprising a measurement chamber with particle-free air supply, funnel-type sample inlet, and real-time particle measurement instruments to investigate the absolute and time-resolved exhaled aerosol emission rates. The drying and dilution processes of particles, as well as particle losses, are well controlled. CO₂ measurements are utilized for sample dilution and exhaled flow estimation. Optional sound pressure measurement provides calibrated absolute values. Fundamental frequency and electroglottography registration are also included as optional tools for studying voice production. Our setup reports accurate data on particle number concentration, mass concentration, particle number emission, and mass emission rates during breathing, coughing, speaking, and singing in the size range 0.004–10 μm, therefore succeeding in measuring ultrafine particles. We also report a positive effect of sound pressure and CO₂ on particle emissions.</div><div>Enhanced methods for particle emission measurements improve our understanding of airborne transmission and human physiology, providing tools to minimize the risk of airborne transmission. We propose a set of key methodological parameters for improved reporting, including the documentation of dilution, particle drying, sampling losses and sound pressure.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 106619"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144364564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantification of the spatiotemporal heterogenous infection risk associated with respiratory virus-laden aerosols in an aircraft cabin in the context of airborne contagious diseases","authors":"Abu Raihan Ibna Ali ,&nbsp;R.L.F. Liang ,&nbsp;F.M. Mohee ,&nbsp;M. Freire-Gormaly","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106594","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106594","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>A single-aisle aircraft cabin was investigated to quantify the infection risk by utilizing a spatiotemporal model for MV, DV, and DV with extra outlets. The ventilation effectiveness was also assessed. The HRE of the DV system was 68.9 % higher compared to the MV system. PD for MV configuration was lower compared to DV with a range of 0.34 %–6.75 %. On average, the DR for MV was found to be about 3.98 %, while for DV configuration, it was found to be approximately 2.59 %. The position of the index passenger impacts the dispersion of aerosols in the cabin, leading to varied infection risk levels throughout the cabin. The seat nearest to the index person in the same row possesses the highest risk of infection both from near-wall and near-aisle coughing in the MV configuration, as well as near-wall coughing in the DV configuration. However, the seat closest to the aisle in the same row had the highest risk of exposure to risk from near-aisle coughing in a DV configuration. Highly infectious zones were located in the same row seated with the index person and the back from the index person for MV near-wall and near-aisle injections. For the near-aisle coughing in the DV system, the risk was negligible for the first two columns containing the index passenger. Lower infection risk with higher HRE and dissatisfaction was found with DV configuration for the susceptible passengers. Wearing a highly efficient mask, such as an N95, significantly reduces the risk of infection in all cases.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"189 ","pages":"Article 106594"},"PeriodicalIF":3.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"144297190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}