Journal of Aerosol Science最新文献_第10页

Evaluating low-cost sensors for particle mass concentrations, personal exposure and internal dose characterization at Eastern Mediterranean sites: Can they stand as efficient alternatives? 评估东地中海地点用于颗粒质量浓度、个人暴露和内剂量表征的低成本传感器：它们能否成为有效的替代方案？

IF 2.9 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Journal of Aerosol Science

Pub Date : 2025-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106711

Sofia Eirini Chatoutsidou , Eleftheria Chalvatzaki , Nikolaos Mihalopoulos , Theodosios Kassandros , Evangelos Bagkis , Konstantinos Karatzas , Dimitrios Melas , Mihalis Lazaridis

Two air quality monitoring devices (Bluesky, PurpleAir) equipped with low-cost sensors were investigated as particle monitoring devices and for personal exposure assessment and dose characterization. Raw sensor concentrations were corrected based on concentrations measured by reference instruments and for relative humidity levels. The dose received in the human respiratory tract was quantified through dosimetry simulations assuming exposure to the ambient environment. The corrected sensor concentrations exhibited a substantial improvement during wintertime which suggested better performance of the devices when the environment was significantly enriched with fine particles (heating emissions). Bluesky followed successfully PM₁₀ trends when different sources were investigated (Sahara, heating, marine, mixed conditions) but high bias (22.1 μg/m³) during Sahara implied its inability to measure accurately PM₁₀ concentrations. i.e. coarser particles. On the contrary, PurpleAir preserved proportional relationship during heating (r = 0.96) but failed to catch PM_2.5 variations during Sahara (r = −0.55) and mixed urban conditions (r = −0.40). Comparison of sensor and referenced daily deposited doses was non-negligible with absolute errors ranging between 16.8 and 133.1 μg for Bluesky and between 17.4 and 36.7 μg for PurpleAir, yet reduced errors were obtained during wintertime as a direct result of better sensor response. Environmental conditions investigation demonstrated the inability of both sensors to be used for dose characterization during Sahara events but reduced or even minimized bias was found in the other conditions. This study emphasizes that successful personal exposure assessment by low-cost sensors should rely on accurate particle mass measurements to provide equivalent to reference deposited doses under the varying exposure conditions.

研究了两种配备低成本传感器的空气质量监测设备（Bluesky、PurpleAir）作为颗粒监测设备，并用于个人暴露评估和剂量表征。原始传感器浓度根据参考仪器测量的浓度和相对湿度水平进行校正。在假定暴露于环境环境的情况下，通过剂量学模拟来量化人体呼吸道所接受的剂量。校正后的传感器浓度在冬季表现出显著的改善，这表明当环境中含有大量细颗粒（加热排放）时，设备的性能会更好。在研究不同来源（撒哈拉、加热、海洋、混合条件）时，Bluesky成功地跟踪了PM10的趋势，但撒哈拉期间的高偏差（22.1 μg/m3）意味着无法准确测量PM10浓度。即更粗的颗粒。相反，PurpleAir在采暖期间保持了比例关系（r = 0.96），但未能捕捉到撒哈拉地区（r = - 0.55）和混合城市条件下（r = - 0.40）的PM2.5变化。传感器和参考日沉积剂量的比较是不可忽略的，Bluesky的绝对误差在16.8 ~ 133.1 μg之间，PurpleAir的绝对误差在17.4 ~ 36.7 μg之间，但在冬季，由于传感器响应较好，误差减小了。环境条件调查表明，这两种传感器在撒哈拉事件期间无法用于剂量表征，但在其他条件下发现偏差减少甚至最小化。本研究强调，通过低成本传感器进行成功的个人暴露评估应依赖于精确的颗粒质量测量，以提供在不同暴露条件下等效的参考沉积剂量。

{"title":"Evaluating low-cost sensors for particle mass concentrations, personal exposure and internal dose characterization at Eastern Mediterranean sites: Can they stand as efficient alternatives?","authors":"Sofia Eirini Chatoutsidou , Eleftheria Chalvatzaki , Nikolaos Mihalopoulos , Theodosios Kassandros , Evangelos Bagkis , Konstantinos Karatzas , Dimitrios Melas , Mihalis Lazaridis","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106711","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106711","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Two air quality monitoring devices (Bluesky, PurpleAir) equipped with low-cost sensors were investigated as particle monitoring devices and for personal exposure assessment and dose characterization. Raw sensor concentrations were corrected based on concentrations measured by reference instruments and for relative humidity levels. The dose received in the human respiratory tract was quantified through dosimetry simulations assuming exposure to the ambient environment. The corrected sensor concentrations exhibited a substantial improvement during wintertime which suggested better performance of the devices when the environment was significantly enriched with fine particles (heating emissions). Bluesky followed successfully PM<sub>10</sub> trends when different sources were investigated (Sahara, heating, marine, mixed conditions) but high bias (22.1 μg/m<sup>3</sup>) during Sahara implied its inability to measure accurately PM<sub>10</sub> concentrations. i.e. coarser particles. On the contrary, PurpleAir preserved proportional relationship during heating (r = 0.96) but failed to catch PM<sub>2.5</sub> variations during Sahara (r = −0.55) and mixed urban conditions (r = −0.40). Comparison of sensor and referenced daily deposited doses was non-negligible with absolute errors ranging between 16.8 and 133.1 μg for Bluesky and between 17.4 and 36.7 μg for PurpleAir, yet reduced errors were obtained during wintertime as a direct result of better sensor response. Environmental conditions investigation demonstrated the inability of both sensors to be used for dose characterization during Sahara events but reduced or even minimized bias was found in the other conditions. This study emphasizes that successful personal exposure assessment by low-cost sensors should rely on accurate particle mass measurements to provide equivalent to reference deposited doses under the varying exposure conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 106711"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145462742","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A new aerosol respiratory deposition approach: Health risks of metals in aerosols from electronic nicotine delivery systems and heated tobacco products 一种新的气溶胶呼吸沉积方法：电子尼古丁输送系统和加热烟草制品气溶胶中金属的健康风险

IF 2.9 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Journal of Aerosol Science

Pub Date : 2025-10-30 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106709

Jinho Lee, Wei-Chung Su

This study employed a newly developed MALDA-MOUDI approach to investigate the respiratory deposition of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) and Heated Tobacco Products (HTP) aerosol and used the resulting data to assess associated health risks. MALDA-MOUDI is a tandem system that integrates the Mobile Aerosol Lung Deposition Apparatus (MALDA) with the Micro-Orifice Uniform Deposit Impactor (MOUDI) to enable effective estimations of the size-dependent deposited mass of inhaled aerosol in major airway regions. The MALDA-MOUDI system covers a wide particle size range, from nanometers to micrometers, making it ideal for comprehensive aerosol exposure research. To study ENDS and HTP aerosol respiratory deposition using MALDA-MOUDI, a series of laboratory experiments was conducted to obtain the deposited mass of ENDS and HTP aerosol in human airways. Two types of ENDS and one HTP (JUUL, disposable, and IQOS) were used in the study to generate test aerosol. MALDA-MOUDI respiratory deposition experiments were carried out under both active (mainstream) and passive (secondhand) exposure conditions. Metal-induced health risks were systematically evaluated based on the measured respiratory deposited mass under presumed active and passive use scenarios. The acquired results indicated that non-cancer and cancer risks associated with metals released from the tested ENDS and HTP fell within acceptable levels for both active and passive use scenarios. The MALDA-MOUDI system is a valuable tool for aerosol respiratory deposition studies and can be applied to broader environmental and occupational aerosol exposure research to assess health risks associated with toxic substances in aerosol particles.

本研究采用新开发的MALDA-MOUDI方法调查电子尼古丁传递系统（ENDS）和加热烟草制品（HTP）气溶胶的呼吸沉积，并使用所得数据评估相关的健康风险。MALDA-MOUDI是一个串联系统，集成了移动气溶胶肺沉积仪（MALDA）和微孔均匀沉积冲击器（MOUDI），能够有效地估计吸入气溶胶在主要气道区域的大小依赖的沉积质量。MALDA-MOUDI系统涵盖了从纳米到微米的广泛粒径范围，使其成为全面气溶胶暴露研究的理想选择。为了利用MALDA-MOUDI软件研究ENDS和HTP气溶胶的呼吸沉积，我们进行了一系列的室内实验，获得了人体呼吸道中ENDS和HTP气溶胶的沉积质量。研究中使用了两种ENDS和一种HTP （JUUL，一次性和IQOS）来产生测试气溶胶。MALDA-MOUDI呼吸沉积实验在主动（主流）和被动（二手）暴露条件下进行。在假定的主动和被动使用情景下，基于测量的呼吸沉积质量，系统地评估了金属诱发的健康风险。获得的结果表明，从测试的终端和HTP释放的金属相关的非癌症和癌症风险在主动和被动使用情况下都处于可接受的水平。MALDA-MOUDI系统是气溶胶呼吸沉积研究的宝贵工具，可应用于更广泛的环境和职业气溶胶暴露研究，以评估与气溶胶颗粒中有毒物质相关的健康风险。

{"title":"A new aerosol respiratory deposition approach: Health risks of metals in aerosols from electronic nicotine delivery systems and heated tobacco products","authors":"Jinho Lee, Wei-Chung Su","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106709","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106709","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study employed a newly developed MALDA-MOUDI approach to investigate the respiratory deposition of Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (ENDS) and Heated Tobacco Products (HTP) aerosol and used the resulting data to assess associated health risks. MALDA-MOUDI is a tandem system that integrates the Mobile Aerosol Lung Deposition Apparatus (MALDA) with the Micro-Orifice Uniform Deposit Impactor (MOUDI) to enable effective estimations of the size-dependent deposited mass of inhaled aerosol in major airway regions. The MALDA-MOUDI system covers a wide particle size range, from nanometers to micrometers, making it ideal for comprehensive aerosol exposure research. To study ENDS and HTP aerosol respiratory deposition using MALDA-MOUDI, a series of laboratory experiments was conducted to obtain the deposited mass of ENDS and HTP aerosol in human airways. Two types of ENDS and one HTP (JUUL, disposable, and IQOS) were used in the study to generate test aerosol. MALDA-MOUDI respiratory deposition experiments were carried out under both active (mainstream) and passive (secondhand) exposure conditions. Metal-induced health risks were systematically evaluated based on the measured respiratory deposited mass under presumed active and passive use scenarios. The acquired results indicated that non-cancer and cancer risks associated with metals released from the tested ENDS and HTP fell within acceptable levels for both active and passive use scenarios. The MALDA-MOUDI system is a valuable tool for aerosol respiratory deposition studies and can be applied to broader environmental and occupational aerosol exposure research to assess health risks associated with toxic substances in aerosol particles.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 106709"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145417619","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Achievements and challenges of targeted drug delivery to a human respiratory tract: Bridging traditional and novel approaches to modelling and clinical needs 人类呼吸道靶向给药的成就和挑战：连接传统和新型方法来建模和临床需求

IF 2.9 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Journal of Aerosol Science

Pub Date : 2025-10-15 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106706

R.M. Ainetdinov , D.V. Antonov , S.N. Avdeev , B.-Y. Cao , S.A. Kerimbekova , N. Liu , Z.M. Merzhoeva , O.V. Nagatkina , L.Yu. Nikitina , O. Rybdylova , S.S. Sazhin , E.S. Sokolova , P.A. Strizhak , O.A. Suvorova

Achievements and challenges of targeted drug delivery to a human respiratory tract are summarised. These include an analysis of the means of targeted drug delivery, which were used in the past, are currently available, and are expected to be used in the future. Particular attention is paid to the prioritisation of drugs and means of their targeted delivery. This analysis is followed by a description of pharmacological, experimental and theoretical advances in targeted drug delivery to a human respiratory tract. A description of the theoretical advances focuses on the theoretical tools currently available and used for the analysis of drug delivery processes, and those which were developed for different applications, mainly in engineering, but could potentially be applicable to the analysis of drug delivery processes in human airways. The latter include the full Lagrangian approach, and recently developed models of mono- and multi-component, and spherical and non-spherical droplet/aerosol heating and evaporation. Particular attention is given to molecular dynamics approaches to modelling aerosols, including their dynamics, heating and evaporation.

总结了人类呼吸道靶向给药的成就和挑战。其中包括对过去使用的、目前可用的以及预计将来会使用的靶向给药手段的分析。特别注意药物的优先次序和有针对性地提供药物的手段。这一分析是随后的药理学，实验和理论进展的描述，在靶向药物输送到人类呼吸道。对理论进展的描述侧重于目前可用的和用于分析药物传递过程的理论工具，以及那些为不同应用而开发的理论工具，主要是在工程中，但可能适用于分析人体气道中的药物传递过程。后者包括完整的拉格朗日方法，以及最近开发的单组分和多组分模型，以及球形和非球形液滴/气溶胶加热和蒸发模型。特别注意分子动力学方法模拟气溶胶，包括其动力学，加热和蒸发。

{"title":"Achievements and challenges of targeted drug delivery to a human respiratory tract: Bridging traditional and novel approaches to modelling and clinical needs","authors":"R.M. Ainetdinov , D.V. Antonov , S.N. Avdeev , B.-Y. Cao , S.A. Kerimbekova , N. Liu , Z.M. Merzhoeva , O.V. Nagatkina , L.Yu. Nikitina , O. Rybdylova , S.S. Sazhin , E.S. Sokolova , P.A. Strizhak , O.A. Suvorova","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106706","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106706","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Achievements and challenges of targeted drug delivery to a human respiratory tract are summarised. These include an analysis of the means of targeted drug delivery, which were used in the past, are currently available, and are expected to be used in the future. Particular attention is paid to the prioritisation of drugs and means of their targeted delivery. This analysis is followed by a description of pharmacological, experimental and theoretical advances in targeted drug delivery to a human respiratory tract. A description of the theoretical advances focuses on the theoretical tools currently available and used for the analysis of drug delivery processes, and those which were developed for different applications, mainly in engineering, but could potentially be applicable to the analysis of drug delivery processes in human airways. The latter include the full Lagrangian approach, and recently developed models of mono- and multi-component, and spherical and non-spherical droplet/aerosol heating and evaporation. Particular attention is given to molecular dynamics approaches to modelling aerosols, including their dynamics, heating and evaporation.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 106706"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145358729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Performance evaluation of a bipolar multi-outlet differential mobility analyzer (BiMoDMA) 双极多出口差分迁移率分析仪（BiMoDMA）性能评价

IF 2.9 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Journal of Aerosol Science

Pub Date : 2025-10-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106705

Shipeng Kang , Tongzhu Yu , Yixin Yang , Huaqiao Gui , Jianguo Liu , Da-Ren Chen

It has been evidenced that the accuracy of fine particle size distribution data collected by the DMA technique would be less prone to the uncertainty of particle charging ions by measuring electrical mobility of particles in both polarities instead of only measuring particles charged in one polarity (in the current practice). Unipolar DMAs are required to scan the DMA voltage from one polarity limit to the opposite polarity limit to fulfill the above measurement task. Bipolar DMAs are thus desired for reducing the voltage scanning time of unipolar DMAs. The measuring cycle of DMAs can be further reduced with the feature of multiple outlets (having different particle classification distances) when all the outlets are connected to individual particle concentration detectors. A Bipolar multi-outlet DMA (i.e., BiMoDMA) is thus designed. Although featured with multiple pairs of outlets, this study focused on the performance evaluation of BiMoDMA with only one outlet pair open. The prototype is in the plate-to-plate (or parallel-plate) configuration with a single aerosol inlet slit and four paired aerosol sampling outlet slits (labeled as A1B1-A4B4 from the pair at the nearest classification distance to that at the farthest distance from the aerosol inlet). For the voltage in the range of

50 \sim 9, 000 V

, and sheath flowrate of

36 L / \min

, this BiMoDMA can classify particles in the size ranges of

2 \sim 30 nm

,

4 \sim 55 nm

,

7 \sim 104 nm

, and

10 \sim 155 nm

for the outlet pairs of A1B1, A2B2, A3B3 and A4B4, respectively. TDMA setup was applied to calibrate the sizing voltage of this BiMoDMA for a given particle electrical mobility, and to evaluate the DMA transfer functions at different sheath flowrates and particle sizes. It is found that the measured size-voltage relationship is in reasonable agreement with the general trend calculated by the 2D DMA model. The correction factor was introduced to better correlate calculated voltage with measured data. The half-height width and area of BiMoDMA transfer functions decreased with the increase of sheath flowrate, while the height and area of transfer functions increased with the increase of particle size.

事实证明，通过测量两个极性的粒子的电迁移率，而不是仅测量一个极性的粒子（在目前的实践中），DMA技术收集的细颗粒尺寸分布数据的准确性不太容易受到粒子带电离子的不确定性的影响。单极DMA需要将DMA电压从一个极性极限扫描到另一个极性极限，以完成上述测量任务。因此，需要双极dma来减少单极dma的电压扫描时间。当所有出口都连接到单个颗粒浓度检测器时，dma具有多个出口（具有不同的颗粒分类距离）的特点，可以进一步缩短测量周期。因此，设计了双极多出口DMA（即BiMoDMA）。虽然有多对出口，但本研究的重点是BiMoDMA仅打开一个出口对时的性能评价。该样机采用板对板（或平行板）结构，具有单个气溶胶入口狭缝和四个成对的气溶胶取样出口狭缝（从离气溶胶入口最近的分类距离标记为A1B1-A4B4对到离气溶胶入口最远的分类距离）。在电压为50 ~ 9000 v、护套流量为36L/min的条件下，该BiMoDMA可对A1B1、A2B2、A3B3和A4B4出口对分别进行2 ~ 30nm、4 ~ 55nm、7 ~ 104nm和10 ~ 155nm的颗粒分类。在给定的粒子电迁移率下，采用TDMA设置来校准BiMoDMA的施胶电压，并评估不同护套流速和粒径下的DMA传递函数。结果表明，实测的尺寸-电压关系与二维DMA模型计算的总趋势基本一致。为了更好地将计算电压与实测数据相关联，引入了校正因子。BiMoDMA传递函数的半高宽度和面积随护套流量的增大而减小，传递函数的半高宽度和面积随粒径的增大而增大。

{"title":"Performance evaluation of a bipolar multi-outlet differential mobility analyzer (BiMoDMA)","authors":"Shipeng Kang , Tongzhu Yu , Yixin Yang , Huaqiao Gui , Jianguo Liu , Da-Ren Chen","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106705","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106705","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>It has been evidenced that the accuracy of fine particle size distribution data collected by the DMA technique would be less prone to the uncertainty of particle charging ions by measuring electrical mobility of particles in both polarities instead of only measuring particles charged in one polarity (in the current practice). Unipolar DMAs are required to scan the DMA voltage from one polarity limit to the opposite polarity limit to fulfill the above measurement task. Bipolar DMAs are thus desired for reducing the voltage scanning time of unipolar DMAs. The measuring cycle of DMAs can be further reduced with the feature of multiple outlets (having different particle classification distances) when all the outlets are connected to individual particle concentration detectors. A Bipolar multi-outlet DMA (i.e., BiMoDMA) is thus designed. Although featured with multiple pairs of outlets, this study focused on the performance evaluation of BiMoDMA with only one outlet pair open. The prototype is in the plate-to-plate (or parallel-plate) configuration with a single aerosol inlet slit and four paired aerosol sampling outlet slits (labeled as A1B1-A4B4 from the pair at the nearest classification distance to that at the farthest distance from the aerosol inlet). For the voltage in the range of <span><math><mrow><mn>50</mn><mo>∼</mo><mn>9</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>000</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>V</mi></mrow></math></span>, and sheath flowrate of <span><math><mrow><mn>36</mn><mspace></mspace><mi>L</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>min</mi></mrow></math></span>, this BiMoDMA can classify particles in the size ranges of <span><math><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>∼</mo><mn>30</mn><mtext>nm</mtext></mrow></math></span>, <span><math><mrow><mn>4</mn><mo>∼</mo><mn>55</mn><mspace></mspace><mtext>nm</mtext></mrow></math></span>, <span><math><mrow><mn>7</mn><mo>∼</mo><mn>104</mn><mtext>nm</mtext></mrow></math></span>, and <span><math><mrow><mn>10</mn><mspace></mspace><mo>∼</mo><mn>155</mn><mtext>nm</mtext></mrow></math></span> for the outlet pairs of A1B1, A2B2, A3B3 and A4B4, respectively. TDMA setup was applied to calibrate the sizing voltage of this BiMoDMA for a given particle electrical mobility, and to evaluate the DMA transfer functions at different sheath flowrates and particle sizes. It is found that the measured size-voltage relationship is in reasonable agreement with the general trend calculated by the 2D DMA model. The correction factor was introduced to better correlate calculated voltage with measured data. The half-height width and area of BiMoDMA transfer functions decreased with the increase of sheath flowrate, while the height and area of transfer functions increased with the increase of particle size.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 106705"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145321293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Spatially heterogeneous shear-induced coagulation of spherical nano-particles in 2D Taylor-Green vortex using AK-iDNS framework 基于AK-iDNS框架的二维Taylor-Green涡旋中球形纳米颗粒的空间非均质剪切诱导凝固

IF 2.9 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Journal of Aerosol Science

Pub Date : 2025-10-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106704

Mingliang Xie , Yixiong Yang

This study investigates the spatially heterogeneous shear-induced coagulation of nanoparticles in a decaying 2D Taylor-Green vortex (TGV) using a novel average kernel method integrated with direct numerical simulation (AK-iDNS). This framework resolves spatially distributed coagulation dynamics, addressing a critical gap in population balance modeling for aerosols. Key features of the approach include: 1) a moment method incorporating localized shear rates from instantaneous velocity gradients; 2) quantitative identification of coagulation-diffusion competition. Simulations reveal a three-stage process: initial uniformity, shear-driven heterogeneity (characterized by depletion in strain sheets and accumulation in vortex cores), and asymptotic re-homogenization driven by diffusion. The asymptotic solution demonstrates self-similar coagulation and exponential dependence on initial shear rate. This work provides a paradigm for predicting nanoparticle evolution in complex vortical flows and establishes a foundation for extending high-precision simulation tools to three-dimensional atmospheric nanoparticle evolution models.

本文采用一种新颖的结合直接数值模拟的平均核方法（AK-iDNS）研究了二维泰勒-格林涡旋（TGV）中纳米颗粒在空间非均质剪切诱导下的凝固现象。该框架解决了空间分布的凝聚动力学，解决了气溶胶种群平衡建模中的关键空白。该方法的主要特点包括：1)基于瞬时速度梯度的局部剪切率矩法；2)凝固-扩散竞争的定量鉴定。模拟显示了一个三个阶段的过程：初始均匀性，剪切驱动的非均质性（以应变片的耗竭和涡核的积累为特征），以及扩散驱动的渐近再均质化。渐近解证明了自相似凝固和初始剪切速率的指数依赖性。这项工作为预测复杂涡旋流中纳米颗粒的演化提供了一个范例，并为将高精度模拟工具扩展到三维大气纳米颗粒演化模型奠定了基础。

{"title":"Spatially heterogeneous shear-induced coagulation of spherical nano-particles in 2D Taylor-Green vortex using AK-iDNS framework","authors":"Mingliang Xie , Yixiong Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106704","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106704","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study investigates the spatially heterogeneous shear-induced coagulation of nanoparticles in a decaying 2D Taylor-Green vortex (TGV) using a novel average kernel method integrated with direct numerical simulation (AK-iDNS). This framework resolves spatially distributed coagulation dynamics, addressing a critical gap in population balance modeling for aerosols. Key features of the approach include: 1) a moment method incorporating localized shear rates from instantaneous velocity gradients; 2) quantitative identification of coagulation-diffusion competition. Simulations reveal a three-stage process: initial uniformity, shear-driven heterogeneity (characterized by depletion in strain sheets and accumulation in vortex cores), and asymptotic re-homogenization driven by diffusion. The asymptotic solution demonstrates self-similar coagulation and exponential dependence on initial shear rate. This work provides a paradigm for predicting nanoparticle evolution in complex vortical flows and establishes a foundation for extending high-precision simulation tools to three-dimensional atmospheric nanoparticle evolution models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 106704"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145268101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Nasal spray drug delivery beyond the nasal valve: Evidence for the importance of particle-wall interactions and post-deposition liquid motion 鼻喷雾剂在鼻阀外的给药：颗粒壁相互作用和沉积后液体运动重要性的证据

IF 2.9 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Journal of Aerosol Science

Pub Date : 2025-10-02 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106703

Guilherme J.M. Garcia , Shamudra Dey

The nasal valve is a major barrier to nasal spray drug delivery to posterior structures such as the turbinates, paranasal sinuses, and olfactory region. Geometric considerations predict that the nasal spray dose that reaches the posterior nose is greater in subjects with larger nasal valve cross-sectional areas. Our analysis of the experimental data from Esmaeili et al. (2024) [Journal of Aerosol Science 179, 106387] reveals a paradoxical negative correlation between posterior dose and nasal valve area in pediatric nasal cavities. We hypothesize that the discrepancy between the theoretical prediction of the geometric model and experimental observation is due to the assumption in the geometric model that droplets are trapped and remain at the location where they hit the wall. A calculation of the Weber number suggests that nasal spray droplets >120 μm splash upon collision with the nasal walls, leading to the formation of smaller droplets that can be carried by airflow beyond the nasal valve. A study by Inthavong et al. (2015) suggests that 45 % of the spray mass is composed of droplets ≥120 μm at a distance of 0.6–1.2 cm from the nozzle tip, potentially leading to substantial splashing on the walls of the nasal vestibule. Traditionally, computational fluid dynamics models of nasal spray drug delivery have assumed a trap (stick) boundary condition and have not considered particle-wall interactions or post-deposition liquid motion. This study reviews the evidence that particle-wall interactions and post-deposition liquid motion may play a significant role in determining the regional doses of nasal sprays.

鼻阀是鼻腔喷雾剂向鼻甲、鼻窦和嗅觉区等后部结构输送的主要屏障。几何因素预测，鼻阀截面积较大的受试者到达后鼻的鼻喷雾剂量更大。我们对Esmaeili等人（2024）[Journal of Aerosol Science 179, 106387]的实验数据进行了分析，发现小儿鼻腔后剂量与鼻阀面积之间存在矛盾的负相关关系。我们假设几何模型的理论预测与实验观测之间的差异是由于几何模型中假设液滴被捕获并停留在它们撞击壁面的位置。韦伯数的计算表明，120 μm的鼻喷雾剂液滴在与鼻壁碰撞时飞溅，导致形成更小的液滴，这些液滴可以被气流带出鼻阀。Inthavong等人（2015）的一项研究表明，45%的喷雾质量由距离喷嘴尖端0.6-1.2 cm处≥120 μm的液滴组成，这可能导致在鼻前庭壁上大量飞溅。传统上，鼻腔喷雾剂给药的计算流体动力学模型假设了陷阱（粘）边界条件，没有考虑颗粒-壁相互作用或沉积后的液体运动。本研究综述了颗粒-壁相互作用和沉积后液体运动可能在确定鼻腔喷雾剂的区域剂量中起重要作用的证据。

{"title":"Nasal spray drug delivery beyond the nasal valve: Evidence for the importance of particle-wall interactions and post-deposition liquid motion","authors":"Guilherme J.M. Garcia , Shamudra Dey","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106703","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106703","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The nasal valve is a major barrier to nasal spray drug delivery to posterior structures such as the turbinates, paranasal sinuses, and olfactory region. Geometric considerations predict that the nasal spray dose that reaches the posterior nose is greater in subjects with larger nasal valve cross-sectional areas. Our analysis of the experimental data from Esmaeili et al. (2024) [Journal of Aerosol Science 179, 106387] reveals a paradoxical negative correlation between posterior dose and nasal valve area in pediatric nasal cavities. We hypothesize that the discrepancy between the theoretical prediction of the geometric model and experimental observation is due to the assumption in the geometric model that droplets are trapped and remain at the location where they hit the wall. A calculation of the Weber number suggests that nasal spray droplets >120 μm splash upon collision with the nasal walls, leading to the formation of smaller droplets that can be carried by airflow beyond the nasal valve. A study by Inthavong et al. (2015) suggests that 45 % of the spray mass is composed of droplets ≥120 μm at a distance of 0.6–1.2 cm from the nozzle tip, potentially leading to substantial splashing on the walls of the nasal vestibule. Traditionally, computational fluid dynamics models of nasal spray drug delivery have assumed a trap (stick) boundary condition and have not considered particle-wall interactions or post-deposition liquid motion. This study reviews the evidence that particle-wall interactions and post-deposition liquid motion may play a significant role in determining the regional doses of nasal sprays.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 106703"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145268103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Impact of oral cavity geometry on micro-sized aerosol deposition in the upper airway during oral inhalation 口腔几何形状对口腔吸入过程中上呼吸道微粒径气溶胶沉积的影响

IF 2.9 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Journal of Aerosol Science

Pub Date : 2025-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106682

Brenda Vara Almirall , Narinder Singh , Hua Qian Ang , Kiao Inthavong

Accurate representation of oral airway geometry during inhalation is critical for optimizing drug delivery, yet the shape of the oral cavity and oropharynx varies significantly with breathing posture. This pilot study compares airflow dynamics and particle deposition between two CT-derived airway models from a single healthy subject: one with an artificially opened mouth during nasal breathing, and another with a real oral inhalation during active oral inhalation using a 2 cm mouthpiece. Computational fluid dynamics simulations were conducted at inhalation rates of 15, 30, and 60 L/min using spherical particles. The real-oral-inhalation model showed an enlarged oral cavity, smoother and more uniform airflow, peak pharyngeal velocities of 5–6 m/s, and an anteriorly directed laryngeal jet. This airway geometry eliminated oral cavity deposition and consistently shifted particle deposition deeper into the airway, resulting in 17–19.6% deposition in the larynx across all flow rates. In contrast, the artificially opened model produced higher peak velocities (

\approx

7.5 m/s), jet-like flow impinging on the posterior pharyngeal wall, and persistent oral cavity deposition that increased with flow rate. Tracheal deposition remained minimal in both models. Differences in tongue and soft palate positioning, likely contributed to the observed aerodynamic and deposition patterns. These results highlight the role of imaging protocols that capture true inhalation posture and soft tissue configuration. Future studies that incorporate the realistic airway geometry during physiologically realistic breathing conditions may provide new inhalation drug delivery strategies and improve clinical relevance of CFD-based inhalation models.

吸入过程中口腔气道几何形状的准确表示对于优化药物递送至关重要，然而口腔和口咽部的形状随着呼吸姿势的变化而显著变化。本初步研究比较了来自单个健康受试者的两个ct衍生气道模型之间的气流动力学和颗粒沉积：一个模型在鼻腔呼吸时人工张开嘴巴，另一个模型在主动口腔吸入时使用2厘米口套进行真正的口腔吸入。采用球形颗粒，在吸入速率为15、30和60 L/min时进行计算流体动力学模拟。真实口腔吸入模型口腔增大，气流更平滑均匀，咽部峰值速度为5 ~ 6 m/s，喉喷流方向为前向。这种气道几何形状消除了口腔沉积，并持续将颗粒沉积移至气道深处，在所有流速下喉部沉积率为17-19.6%。相比之下，人工打开的模型产生了更高的峰值速度（≈7.5 m/s），射流状流冲击咽后壁，持续的口腔沉积随着流速的增加而增加。两种模型的气管沉积均保持在最低水平。舌头和软腭位置的不同，可能导致了观察到的空气动力学和沉积模式。这些结果强调了捕捉真实吸入姿势和软组织结构的成像方案的作用。未来的研究将在生理上真实的呼吸条件下纳入真实的气道几何结构，可能会提供新的吸入给药策略，并提高基于cfd的吸入模型的临床相关性。

{"title":"Impact of oral cavity geometry on micro-sized aerosol deposition in the upper airway during oral inhalation","authors":"Brenda Vara Almirall , Narinder Singh , Hua Qian Ang , Kiao Inthavong","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106682","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106682","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Accurate representation of oral airway geometry during inhalation is critical for optimizing drug delivery, yet the shape of the oral cavity and oropharynx varies significantly with breathing posture. This pilot study compares airflow dynamics and particle deposition between two CT-derived airway models from a single healthy subject: one with an artificially opened mouth during nasal breathing, and another with a real oral inhalation during active oral inhalation using a 2 cm mouthpiece. Computational fluid dynamics simulations were conducted at inhalation rates of 15, 30, and 60 L/min using spherical particles. The real-oral-inhalation model showed an enlarged oral cavity, smoother and more uniform airflow, peak pharyngeal velocities of 5–6 m/s, and an anteriorly directed laryngeal jet. This airway geometry eliminated oral cavity deposition and consistently shifted particle deposition deeper into the airway, resulting in 17–19.6% deposition in the larynx across all flow rates. In contrast, the artificially opened model produced higher peak velocities (<span><math><mo>≈</mo></math></span> 7.5 m/s), jet-like flow impinging on the posterior pharyngeal wall, and persistent oral cavity deposition that increased with flow rate. Tracheal deposition remained minimal in both models. Differences in tongue and soft palate positioning, likely contributed to the observed aerodynamic and deposition patterns. These results highlight the role of imaging protocols that capture true inhalation posture and soft tissue configuration. Future studies that incorporate the realistic airway geometry during physiologically realistic breathing conditions may provide new inhalation drug delivery strategies and improve clinical relevance of CFD-based inhalation models.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 106682"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145221942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Computational insights into dynamic impacts of droplet evaporation and spray release timing on MDI dosimetry in the respiratory tract 液滴蒸发和喷雾释放时间对呼吸道MDI剂量测定的动态影响的计算见解

IF 2.9 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Journal of Aerosol Science

Pub Date : 2025-09-26 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106702

Mohamed Talaat , Xiuhua April Si , Jinxiang Xi

The effectiveness of metered-dose inhalers (MDIs) in drug delivery is significantly influenced by aerosol dynamics, particularly evaporation and release timing. This study examined the dynamic interactions between these two factors and their impact on deposition patterns in an anatomically realistic airway model. The airflow and thermo-humidity conditions were simulated under spray actuation conditions (i.e., 0.0, 0.7, 1.5, and 2.5 s after inhalation onset). A Lagrangian-based multiphase model, enhanced with adaptive droplet time steps, was used to track droplet evaporation, trajectory, and deposition. Experimentally measured MDI spray properties, including solution composition, polydisperse size distribution, plume angle, and release velocity, were implemented as initial/boundary conditions. Dosimetry was quantified based on both the count and mass of deposited droplets. Results revealed large differences in droplet evaporation between Case 0.0 s and the other three cases. For all release times, evaporation decreased droplet deposition in the mouth and increased deposition in the lower lung, particularly in the two upper lobes. Droplets starting at 5 μm in diameter reduced to 0.93–2.8 μm within 50–200 ms in the respiratory tract, whereas 10 μm droplets shrunk only to 7.5 μm. The spray deposition pattern varies notably depending on whether actuation occurs at the start of inhalation or is delayed by 0.7–2.5 s. This variation stems from slower airflow and extended evaporation time at the beginning of inhalation vs. relatively consistent and quicker evaporation rates in delayed actuation. Correction factors were introduced for delayed actuation cases to align deposition data obtained with and without accounting for droplet evaporation. Because of the initial polydisperse size distribution and subsequent evaporation of spray droplets, mass-based and count-based deposition fraction values in the lower lung differed by one order of magnitude. Further experimental studies are needed to validate predictions regarding droplet behavior and fate in the respiratory tract.

计量吸入器（mdi）在药物输送中的有效性受到气溶胶动力学，特别是蒸发和释放时间的显著影响。本研究考察了这两个因素之间的动态相互作用及其对解剖真实气道模型沉积模式的影响。模拟喷雾驱动条件下（即吸入开始后0.0、0.7、1.5和2.5 s）的气流和热湿条件。采用基于拉格朗日的多相模型，增强自适应液滴时间步长，跟踪液滴的蒸发、轨迹和沉积。实验测量的MDI喷雾特性，包括溶液组成、多分散尺寸分布、羽流角和释放速度，作为初始/边界条件。剂量测定是根据滴滴的数量和质量来量化的。结果表明，病例0.0 s与其他3例的液滴蒸发有较大差异。在所有释放时间内，蒸发减少了液滴在口腔的沉积，增加了下肺的沉积，特别是在两个上肺叶。在50 ~ 200 ms内，直径为5 μm的飞沫在呼吸道内缩小到0.93 ~ 2.8 μm，而直径为10 μm的飞沫仅缩小到7.5 μm。喷雾沉积模式的显著差异取决于驱动是在吸入开始时发生还是延迟0.7-2.5 s。这种变化源于吸入开始时较慢的气流和较长的蒸发时间，而延迟启动时相对一致和较快的蒸发速率。校正因子被引入延迟驱动的情况下，以对准沉积数据获得与不考虑液滴蒸发。由于最初的多分散尺寸分布和随后的喷雾液滴蒸发，基于质量和基于计数的下肺沉积分数值相差一个数量级。需要进一步的实验研究来验证有关飞沫在呼吸道中的行为和命运的预测。

{"title":"Computational insights into dynamic impacts of droplet evaporation and spray release timing on MDI dosimetry in the respiratory tract","authors":"Mohamed Talaat , Xiuhua April Si , Jinxiang Xi","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106702","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106702","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>The effectiveness of metered-dose inhalers (MDIs) in drug delivery is significantly influenced by aerosol dynamics, particularly evaporation and release timing. This study examined the dynamic interactions between these two factors and their impact on deposition patterns in an anatomically realistic airway model. The airflow and thermo-humidity conditions were simulated under spray actuation conditions (i.e., 0.0, 0.7, 1.5, and 2.5 s after inhalation onset). A Lagrangian-based multiphase model, enhanced with adaptive droplet time steps, was used to track droplet evaporation, trajectory, and deposition. Experimentally measured MDI spray properties, including solution composition, polydisperse size distribution, plume angle, and release velocity, were implemented as initial/boundary conditions. Dosimetry was quantified based on both the count and mass of deposited droplets. Results revealed large differences in droplet evaporation between Case 0.0 s and the other three cases. For all release times, evaporation decreased droplet deposition in the mouth and increased deposition in the lower lung, particularly in the two upper lobes. Droplets starting at 5 μm in diameter reduced to 0.93–2.8 μm within 50–200 ms in the respiratory tract, whereas 10 μm droplets shrunk only to 7.5 μm. The spray deposition pattern varies notably depending on whether actuation occurs at the start of inhalation or is delayed by 0.7–2.5 s. This variation stems from slower airflow and extended evaporation time at the beginning of inhalation vs. relatively consistent and quicker evaporation rates in delayed actuation. Correction factors were introduced for delayed actuation cases to align deposition data obtained with and without accounting for droplet evaporation. Because of the initial polydisperse size distribution and subsequent evaporation of spray droplets, mass-based and count-based deposition fraction values in the lower lung differed by one order of magnitude. Further experimental studies are needed to validate predictions regarding droplet behavior and fate in the respiratory tract.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 106702"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145221943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Development of an advanced personal nasal sampler (PNS) to access exposure to bioaerosols 一种先进的个人鼻取样器（PNS）的发展，以获取暴露于生物气溶胶

IF 2.9 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Journal of Aerosol Science

Pub Date : 2025-09-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106699

Taewon T. Han , Atila Lima , Dong Ming He , Gary Brewer , Gediminas Mainelis

This research aimed to advance the development of a novel personal nasal sampler (PNS). PNS attaches to a user's nostrils and utilizes the user's breathing to capture airborne infectious agents on an advanced filter inside the PNS, thereby directly measuring actual personal exposure to those agents. Here, we designed, developed, and tested a hybrid filter (HF) to be used in PNS. The HF was designed by overlaying electrospun polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanofibers on a selected substrate for different durations. A suitable substrate was selected from meltblown and spunbond fabric filters of different densities, a MERV-5 carbon filter, and a pulmonary function test filter (PTF) based on their collection efficiencies and pressure drop. The candidate hybrid filters (HF) were then challenged with Arizona Road Dust particles aerosolized from a 2 % w/w slurry. The HF was 12.5 mm in diameter, corresponding to an average nostril diameter, and was operated at 5 and 10 L/min flow rates to simulate sedentary conditions and moderate exertion, respectively. The final HF showed collection efficiency of 60–70 % at 0.2–0.3 μm (most penetrating particle size) and >90 % for particles <0.05 μm and >0.7 μm. Its pressure drop was about 200 Pa. When challenged with enveloped bacteriophage Phi6, this HF showed recovery efficiencies of 99 % and 80 % at 5 and 10 L/min flow rates, respectively. In the next steps, the HF will be incorporated into a biocompatible holder and extensively tested in laboratory and field conditions for its ability to measure exposure to bioaerosols.

本研究旨在促进一种新型个人鼻采样器（PNS）的开发。PNS附着在用户的鼻孔上，利用用户的呼吸在PNS内部的高级过滤器上捕捉空气中的传染因子，从而直接测量个人对这些因子的实际暴露。在这里，我们设计、开发并测试了用于PNS的混合滤波器（HF）。通过将静电纺聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）纳米纤维在选定的衬底上覆盖不同的持续时间来设计HF。根据收集效率和压降，从不同密度的熔喷和纺粘织物过滤器、MERV-5碳过滤器和肺功能测试过滤器（PTF）中选择合适的基材。然后用2% w/w的泥浆雾化的亚利桑那公路粉尘颗粒对候选混合过滤器（HF）进行挑战。HF直径为12.5 mm，与平均鼻孔直径相对应，分别以5和10 L/min流速操作，以模拟久坐状态和适度运动。最终HF在0.2 ~ 0.3 μm（最穿透性粒径）范围内的收集效率为60 ~ 70%，在0.05 μm和0.7 μm范围内的收集效率为90%。它的压降约为200pa。当被包裹的噬菌体Phi6攻毒时，该HF在5和10 L/min流速下的回收率分别为99%和80%。在接下来的步骤中，HF将被纳入生物相容性支架中，并在实验室和现场条件下进行广泛测试，以测量暴露于生物气溶胶的能力。

{"title":"Development of an advanced personal nasal sampler (PNS) to access exposure to bioaerosols","authors":"Taewon T. Han , Atila Lima , Dong Ming He , Gary Brewer , Gediminas Mainelis","doi":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106699","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106699","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This research aimed to advance the development of a novel personal nasal sampler (PNS). PNS attaches to a user's nostrils and utilizes the user's breathing to capture airborne infectious agents on an advanced filter inside the PNS, thereby directly measuring actual personal exposure to those agents. Here, we designed, developed, and tested a hybrid filter (HF) to be used in PNS. The HF was designed by overlaying electrospun polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) nanofibers on a selected substrate for different durations. A suitable substrate was selected from meltblown and spunbond fabric filters of different densities, a MERV-5 carbon filter, and a pulmonary function test filter (PTF) based on their collection efficiencies and pressure drop. The candidate hybrid filters (HF) were then challenged with Arizona Road Dust particles aerosolized from a 2 % w/w slurry. The HF was 12.5 mm in diameter, corresponding to an average nostril diameter, and was operated at 5 and 10 L/min flow rates to simulate sedentary conditions and moderate exertion, respectively. The final HF showed collection efficiency of 60–70 % at 0.2–0.3 μm (most penetrating particle size) and >90 % for particles <0.05 μm and >0.7 μm. Its pressure drop was about 200 Pa. When challenged with enveloped bacteriophage Phi6, this HF showed recovery efficiencies of 99 % and 80 % at 5 and 10 L/min flow rates, respectively. In the next steps, the HF will be incorporated into a biocompatible holder and extensively tested in laboratory and field conditions for its ability to measure exposure to bioaerosols.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":14880,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Aerosol Science","volume":"191 ","pages":"Article 106699"},"PeriodicalIF":2.9,"publicationDate":"2025-09-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"145119716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

The effects of necking on the optical properties of coated black carbon aggregates 颈缩对涂覆黑碳团聚体光学性能的影响

IF 2.9 3区环境科学与生态学 Q2 ENGINEERING, CHEMICAL

Journal of Aerosol Science

Pub Date : 2025-09-20 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaerosci.2025.106701

Aonan He , Zhenhai Qin , Jie Luo , Yupin Sun , Yuxin Miao , Qixing Zhang

Necking substantially improves the representation of black carbon (BC) morphology. However, recent studies placed more focused on bare BC particles and overlooked that the realistic BC emitted from biomass burning are often thickly coated. This paper investigates the effect of necking on the coated BC optical properties and applies the modified cylindrical connector model for necking and the parameter-tunable algorithm for coating. Results indicate that necking enhances the scattering matrix elements, and its effect increases with coating thickness and fractal dimension. Necking contributes a 10 %–30 % increase in absorption and scattering cross-sections, which is crucial for assessment of the radiative effects of the BC fraction in wildfire smoke. Additionally, necking provides a better explanation for high linear depolarization ratios observed in wildfire smoke. For low fractal dimension cases, necking reduces the lidar ratio. Conversely, necking has a minimal influence on single-scattering albedo.

颈缩大大改善了黑碳（BC）形态的表征。然而，最近的研究更多地集中在裸BC颗粒上，而忽略了生物质燃烧释放的实际BC通常被厚涂层。本文研究了缩接对涂层BC光学性能的影响，并采用改进的圆柱连接器缩接模型和参数可调算法进行了涂层。结果表明，颈缩增强了散射矩阵元素，其作用随涂层厚度和分形维数的增加而增大。颈缩有助于增加10% - 30%的吸收和散射截面，这对于评估野火烟雾中BC部分的辐射效应至关重要。此外，颈缩现象可以更好地解释在野火烟雾中观测到的高线性去极化比。对于低分形维数的情况，颈缩会降低激光雷达比。相反，颈缩对单散射反照率的影响最小。

引用次数: 0